Sustainability Week Journal
November 2024
I am delighted to be able to launch Uppingham’s first sustainabilityjournalwhich is dedicated to exploring one of the most pressing issues of ourtime.As pupils, future professionals, and global citizens, Uppingham pupils are inheriting aworld facing unprecedented environmental, social, and economic challenges.The choices theymake nowwill shape not onlyourown futures but also those of generations to come.
Sowhyis this so crucial today? Ourcurrentwayof life, largelypowered byfossil fuels, single-use plastics, and over-extraction of natural resources, is unsustainable. Rapid industrialization and consumption-driven economies have led to rising greenhouse gas emissions which have accelerated climate change and threatened ecosystems that support countless forms of life. Scientists continue towarn that ifwe continue on this path,we could face more frequent and severe natural disasters, resource shortages, and significant disruptions to global economies. We have alreadyseen these changes first handwith the recent flooding in Nepal, the US and Spain.
But sustainabilityisn’t just about avoiding catastrophe. It’s also about creating opportunities.The transition to a sustainable future opens the doorto newfields of study, innovation, and industries, from renewable energyand sustainable agriculture to green architecture and responsible business practices. Byfocusing on sustainable solutions,we not onlyprotect the environment but also promote economic stabilityand social equity.
In this journal,we’ll dive into the concepts, practices, and real-world impacts of sustainability, and lookat some of the things Uppingham is alreadydoing to support a greener and more sustainable use of resources.These steps ultimatelystartwith us and I hope that byengagingwith this information andworking on initiativeswithin and beyond the Uppingham communityUppinghamians can start to be the leaders in a more sustainable future.
DrMüller
Finding a Fortune in Road Dust By Mr King
The Green Premium By Mr Hook
The Khumba Glacier By Mr Davies
The Role of Physics… By Mrs Ellis
Insect Protein Sources By Miss Abbott What Uppingham is Doing for Sustainability Community Gardening Countryside Conservation Rutland Fridge
Veolia, a French environmental services company, is tapping into an unexpected source of valuable metals—dust swept off British roads. The company is currently recycling around £100,000 worth of precious metals annually and plans to increase this figure by expanding its operations. Every day, vehicles emit microscopic particles of platinum, palladium, and rhodium from their catalytic converters. These particles eventually settle into road dust, which is collected by street sweepers. Veolia, seeing potential in this road debris, has launched an innovative project to extract and recycle these valuable metals.
At its pilot plant in Ling Hall, near Birmingham, Veolia has been filtering precious metals from the 40,000 tonnes of dust it processes each year. This project is just the beginning, with the company planning to build two additional plants—one near London and another in southern England. Together, these plants could process up to 400,000 tonnes of road dust annually, recovering approximately £1 million worth of precious metals.
Veolia is also exploring the possibility of expanding this recycling initiative into its home market in France, as well as partnering with local authorities and other operators to increase the amount of road dirt it collects.
Finding a Fortune in Road Dust: Recovering precious metals from British streets
Mr King
Estelle Brachlianoff, the head of Veolia UK and Ireland, explained that British city streets are essentially a “surface mine” where valuable metals can be found in road debris. The company’s efforts are helping cities economically manage waste while contributing to sustainability
In addition to recovering precious metals, Veolia’s Ling Hall plant also removes toxic materials from the road debris, making the remaining inert dust suitable for use in construction and other industries. This reduces the need to dispose of the dust in landfills, which comes with significant costs—up to £100 per tonne, including taxes.
Through a combination of mechanical sorting, flotation, and magnetic fields, Veolia’s process is able to extract not only precious metals but also other recyclable materials from the road dust. This sophisticated system allows the company to recycle 80 percent of the debris it collects, significantly reducing landfill usage. Antoine Frérot, Veolia’s Chief Executive Officer, highlighted that the economics of this operation are most favourable in countries like the UK, where landfill costs are high. By reducing the volume of waste sent to landfill, the company can offer cities more competitive prices for their street-cleaning services.
Veolia’s focus on recovering valuable materials from waste is part of a broader strategy to expand its recycling operations. In 2023, the
company generated €2.5 billion ($3.1 billion) in revenue from recycling projects, out of its total revenue of €22.3 billion. Frérot aims to double Veolia’s recycling revenue by 2020, reflecting the growing importance of resource recovery in the company’s overall business model. This strategic shift is not only driven by environmental concerns but also by economic opportunities. As resources become scarcer and the cost of waste disposal rises, recovering valuable materials from waste streams is increasingly seen as both a necessity and a profitable business.
By turning road dust into a source of valuable metals, Veolia is showcasing the potential of urban mining—a concept that involves extracting resources from the waste generated by cities. As urban areas grow and the volume of waste increases, initiatives like Veolia’s offer a glimpse into how cities of the future might sustainably manage their waste while recovering valuable resources.
In summary, Veolia’s innovative approach to recycling road dust has the potential to significantly reduce waste sent to landfills, recover valuable metals, and generate substantial revenue. The company’s pilot plant in Ling Hall is already proving the economic viability of this approach, and the planned expansion of operations across England promises even greater returns. With a focus on both sustainability and profitability, Veolia is setting a new standard for waste management in the 21st century.
The Green Premium
Mr Hook
The Green Premium is the cost associated with going green, simply put, the difference between the current most used available option and the sustainable alternative. For example, the cost of driving a BMW electric vs petrol car was 11% more expensive to drive an electric car over a certain distance1. This excludes the initial cost of the car which would depend on age and model type. The green premium here is 11% more; you must pay to be green, therefore a rational being would be economically incentivised to drive a petrol car.
This green premium exists in every area of the world. In order to incentivise human behaviour towards choosing the green option we can do three things:
1
Make polluting entities more expensive
The current UK government places a tax on petrol and diesel of between 46% and 50%. This raises the price of fuel and narrows the green premium. They could for example raise this further to make the green premium negative (i.e. make the green option less expensive than the nongreen option).
This has inherent problems. As economists, we call this type of tax regressive - it hits the poorest in society the hardest as a proportion of their income. This raises inequality which is proven to have societal problems on many levels.
1. https://www.whatcar.com/news/petrolvs-electricity-which-is-cheaper/ n24956
2. https://www.ox.ac.uk/news/202408-09-solar-energybreakthrough-could-reduceneed-solar-farms#:~:text=Since%20 2010%2C%20 the%20global%20 average,and%20purpose%2Dbuilt%20 solar%20farms.
3. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/ which-two-steel-cement-has-greaterenvironmental-morillo-luzardo-cwyrc/
2
Make the green alternative less expensive
This can be done through a serious of options but the most common is a subsidy. This is a lump sum paid by government to firms to reduce the cost of production. This was noticeably done on the production of solar panels - the subsidy reduced the price to the final user which then increased the quantity of solar panels as the return on investment was now worthwhile for user. It made the green premium small if not negative. Again, with all policies there are issues, for example, would this money be better spent on education or healthcare. There are human decisions which end up having a myopic approach.
3 Invest in green technologies
This process is slow, however by improving technology we can make green alternatives more efficient and therefore cheaper per unit for the final consumer. The enhancement in the efficiency has reduced the cost of solar electricity by approximately 90% since 20102. This investment, either through the state or private sector, can lead to a huge reduction in the green premium and even make it negative. Solar electricity is much cheaper than fossil fuel power solution, especially in the remote developing world which does not have the infrastructure.
Economics has a huge role to play in the changing of the green premium, but investment needs to be incentivised from both the state and private sector. This has the long-term benefits that then change human behaviour.
Some major areas of concern; both the production of cement and steel have relatively large green premiums. They also have relatively few alternatives to choose from when they are used so regularly for construction. The rate of construction in developing nations will only rise. They contribute approximately 7% and 8% of global CO2 emissions3. There are many conflicting figures about this number but 7 is on the lower side.
The issue at play here is these do not have small green premiums and therefore will struggle to be removed from our emissions.
Read more about this in How to Avoid a Climate Disaster by Bill Gates
The Khumbu Glacier
Mr Davies
Uppingham’s recent expedition to Everest Base camp prompted engagement with the famous Khumbu glacier upon which it sits. It is the world’s highest glacier with elevations of 4,900 m at its terminus and 7,600m at its accumulation zone.
The pupils on the trip were alarmed at the very vivid evidence of glacier melt: its dirty surface and glacially scoured valley ‘trimlines’ marking its thinning rate. Indeed, the Khumbu Glacier is experiencing alarming rates of melt due to climate change, which is deeply impacting the surrounding Nepali communities. Over recent decades, this glacier has thinned by roughly 40 meters, leading to increased risks of glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs). These floods result when meltwater lakes, held precariously by ice or sediment, breach their dams, releasing torrents of water that devastate downstream villages, infrastructure, and local tourism economies. In August 2024, a GLOF struck Thame village, a remote settlement near Mount Everest, causing extensive
property damage, displacing families, and disrupting popular trekking routes and infrastructure critical to local economies. The rapid glacial melt at Khumbu not only threatens the immediate region but also heightens concerns about long-term freshwater shortages.
Not many other school groups will have visited Everest Base Camp (at
5,364 meters a.s.l) and due to climate change, they may well be one of the last. According to the BBC, despite some opposition from local Sherpas, Nepal is considering relocating its Everest base camp due to safety concerns stemming from melting ice and human activity. A new site, at an altitude of 200 to 400 meters lower where there is no year-round ice, is being sought for the camp’s relocation.
Researchers have noted that meltwater from the glacier is leading to increased rock falls and crevasse formation, posing hazards to climbers. The glacier is receding rapidly, losing around 9.5 million cubic meters of water annually, with studies showing it thinning at approximately one meter per year. Concerns have arisen as visible cracks frequently develop overnight, creating risks for climbers. Additionally, the high human presence, with estimates of 4,000 litres of urine produced daily, is exacerbating environmental impacts. The relocation is deemed essential for the sustainability of the mountaineering industry, and discussions with local communities and stakeholders will precede this change. Though the current base camp may remain functional for another three to four years, Nepali officials hope to complete the move by 2024.
Sources: “Nepal
move Everest base camp from melting glacier”
Singh
https://www. bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-61828753 17 June 2022
Follow up:
Listen:
ice https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/ play/w3ct5x00
Sustainability Week Journal – November 2024
to
by Navin
Khadka
Photos credit : G.Hook, Uppingham School (via Polarsteps app)
Read: Wadham, J (2022) Ice Rivers. Penguin Books Watch: Operation Iceberg (BBC iplayer) or Chasing Ice by James Balog
The Conversation: Glaciologists: Women on rivers of moving
The Role of Physics in a Sustainable Future
Mrs Ellis
Energy generation and storage are critical to many global challenges including climate change, energy security and sustainable development. As the world acknowledges the need to transition away from using fossil fuels, the search for viable alternatives becomes ever more important. In regions without reliable access to electricity, advancements in energy storage can improve energy availability and help to drive economic development and reduce poverty .
Advancements in solar cell technology, for instance, have led to more efficient photovoltaic systems, which are now capable of converting sunlight into electricity with greater efficiency and lower costs . Physicists have contributed to breakthroughs in the development of materials that absorb light more efficiently, making solar power a more viable alternative to fossil fuels.
Many renewable energy resources, however, are limited by their reliability and consistency. For example, solar panels and wind turbines have many advantages, but both are limited by the variability of the weather. If renewable energy resources cannot be relied upon to produce energy when required, there is a need to develop efficient energy storage solutions, and physics plays a crucial role in driving innovations in this field.
Progress in battery technology, such as lithium-ion and solid-state batteries, has revolutionized energy storage . Improved energy storage capabilities ensure that clean energy can be stored when production is high and used when demand peaks. Lithium-ion batteries have their own associated sustainability concerns, with Lithium
being a finite resource and over 90% Lithium-ion batteries ending up in landfill in many countries . This itself is problematic because of the release of toxic chemicals into the ground.
Governments are beginning to require a certain level of recycled materials to be included in new batteries, motivated by the environmental damage caused by disposing of them but also to recover the expensive heavy metals which can be used again. For Lithium-ion batteries to become a sustainable solution to energy storage demands, the cost of battery recycling needs to come down; currently it is cheaper to mine fresh raw materials.
Although it seems likely that batteries will dominate our energy storage
solutions in the coming years, alternative options include pumped water storage facilities and mechanical gravity energy storage. Both methods use excess energy from the National Grid to increase the gravitational potential energy store of either water or a concrete block, thus storing the energy in a stable way. When the energy is required, the water or concrete blocks are allowed to fall, causing a turbine to spin and electricity to be generated.
Whilst not 100% efficient, it is an improvement on wasting the excess energy from the National Grid. This is not new technology; Ffestiniog Power Station, the UK’s first major pumped storage power facility, was commissioned in 1963 .
Governments across the world are seeking greater energy security in light of global conflict and pressures to reduce emissions . Whether you are considering a future in scientific research or policy making, this is a subject that is likely to feature high on everyone’s agenda.
T. Zang, X. Shi, D. Zhang, J. Xiao, Socio-economic development and electricity access in developing economies: A long-run model averaging approach, 2019
• https://phys.org/news/2024-02-physicists-solar-cell-efficiency.html https://www.nationalgrid.com/stories/energy-explained/what-is-battery-storage https://www.instituteforenergyresearch.org/renewable/environmental-impacts-of-lithium-ion-batteries/
• https://www.fhc.co.uk/en/power-stations/ffestiniog-power-station/ https://committees.parliament.uk/committee/193/science-and-technology-committee-lords/news/200345/government-must-act-now-on- energy-storage-or-riskenergy-security-and-net-zero/
What Uppingham is doing for sustainability Community Gardening
Come rain, hail or shine the community gardening activity is one of our long standing Upp&Out programmes that has helped to promote gardening within the Uppingham community. Pupils involved in this project work closely with the Grounds team to learn more about how to grow vegetables and care for the natural environment. Some of the key aims of this programme are to:
• Revive some of this disused vegetable gardens in and around school so that we can grow and share the produce with the local community.
• Support projects such as Uppingham in Bloom which aims to improve green urban areas that benefit those without their own garden or green space
• Create gardens that suit the local community, reducing a person’s impact on the environment and offering food or habitats for native wildlife
• Encourage pupils to maximise the many benefits that gardening brings to their health and wellbeing by being outdoors and learning skills and techniques on horticulture.
This year the community gardening team are reviving the Highfield vegetable gardens, where they aim to plant vegetables and flowers that can later be distributed to local care homes and the Uppingham Fridge project.
Countryside Conservation Group
The Countryside Conservation group offers the opportunity for pupils to spend time working with and contributing to organisations and individuals who manage, care for and advocate on behalf of the British landscape, wildlife and associated activities. These include significant charities and conservation research bodies.
The partner with whom we have worked most closely over the last twelve years or more is the Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust (GWCT), a leading UK charity conducting conservation science to enhance the British countryside for public benefit, whilst using research to provide training and advice on how best to improve biodiversity. Pupils regularly visit the GWCT’s Allerton Project at Loddington in Leicestershire, a 10-minute drive from Uppingham. This is a 320-hectare demonstration farm, where investigations are carried out into the effects of different farming methods on wildlife and the environment, the results of which are used to inform policy makers, businesses and a host of others, not least the wider farming community. Pupils have access to leading experts in a host of different areas and are able to assist them in their work, ranging from soil science research and agroforestry to more
hands-on tasks such as traditional shoot management and hedge laying techniques. Uppingham pupils have been able to make lasting contributions to the estate, with woodlands, coppicing and infrastructure throughout the site being in place thanks to their efforts.
In addition, we also spend time with the East Mercia Rivers Trust, a regional organisation that works to protect and enhance the watercourses of the Welland and Witham catchments, alongside the promotion of public engagement. Pupils have been trained in relevant water sampling and invertebrate sampling techniques in order to assist with ongoing surveying of river health, whilst also contributing to projects to enhance habitats, improve natural flood defences and remove invasive species.
More widely still the group also visits a number of other local farms, estates, wildlife managers, field sports providers and rural skills trainers to experience something of the range of inputs that contribute to the countryside around us.
The activity is very much hands on, working in the outdoors in all weathers, so pupils need to be prepared for this. The emphasis is on enjoying and helping our local environment, with the chance to expand understanding and knowledge at the same time, fostering a sense of stewardship for the future. Some recent OUs who have taken part in the programme have gone on to work in related fields such as for DEFRA and as Wildlife Rangers, and all have gained a deeper, lasting appreciation of the landscape and countryside around us.
UPPINGHAM FRIDGE
This year Uppingham pupils have been able to work with the Rutland Community Fridge which aims to support people with access to healthy food and reduce food waste from local supermarkets retailers or pubs.
The Community Fridge is held in Uppingham Town Hall on Friday afternoons. Everyone is welcome to make use of good food which would otherwise be wasted, in return for a very small voluntary donation, which helps to sustain the project.
What Uppingham is doing for sustainability
The Uppingham Conservation Project
The Uppingham Conservation Project, or Arboretum Team as we like to call it, was launched this year. Our overall aim is to help maintain the various fields that make up the School Arboretum, and then design and develop projects that deliver access, education and land management opportunities.
So far, our 14 strong group has been prioritising Field 2, which is the field that the Cinder Track cuts through. We see this as more of a show field, so we have been crowning trees, stripping back brambles and thinning out bushes to encourage new growth and a light, well maintained area for the School and public to enjoy. The cuttings have been naturally disposed of in the large hedgerow areas, which helps wildlife have homes.
We next hope to reinforce or replace sapling support posts before ridding trees of undergrowth and ivy growth in other fields. We also plan to have some fields that are left to grow more wildly, and we will be planting some areas for wildflower patches and plants that provide bird seed.
Longer term, we hope to plant hedge saplings along the whole of the fence line next to The Middle. In years to come we would then like to re-lay the hedge using traditional methods, thus having a natural barrier and meaning that the fence structure will not need replacing in the future. We would also like to create more was rubbings and species information next to trees, which would enable Uppingham pupils to then lead and deliver ‘Forest School’ type lessons to local primary schools.
This is an exciting project which the pupils can get behind, with their determined gardening efforts and brilliant ideas for the future. It is amazing to see the difference in Field 2 already and we certainly hope to create further themes in other fields by the end of the year.
Sustainability at Uppingham School
Miss Playle
At Uppingham School we are committed to reducing our impact on the environment and prioritising sustainability throughout School life. Our impact on the environment can be categorised in multiple different ways but this article will explore the ways we are striving to reduce our carbon footprint and implement better waste management practices.
Energy and Carbon
To reduce Uppingham School’s impact on climate change, we have committed to reach net zero in our direct carbon emissions by 2050. Our footprint for the 2023-2024 academic year was calculated at 2,958 tonnes of carbon dioxide. To meet our goals to reduce this, we must strive to become more energy efficient in the way we operate our buildings. This includes reducing and eventually phasing out fossil fuels in our gas heating systems, and ensuring we are reducing our electricity consumption by replacing inefficient appliances and equipment.
To meet this goal, we are:
Installing smart meters across our electricity supplies to help us to better monitor and understand our energy consumption.
• Replacing old fluorescent tube lights with more efficient LED fittings in numerous buildings across the School, this academic year we will replace over 400 light fittings in the Sports Centre.
Replacing single-glazed windows in our boarding houses with double glazing, providing thermal efficiency improvements whilst retaining the historic character of the building. Last year we replaced all windows at West Deyne and will be focussing this year on Lorne House.
• Upgrading our ‘building management systems’ in buildings across the School, this involves installing temperature sensors and software to ensure heating systems only run when they need to, and can be easily turned off when buildings are vacant during the holidays
• Replacing our old boilers with modern, more efficient models, and evaluating opportunities to switch to low-carbon electric heating.
Waste
Uppingham School produced over 400 tonnes of waste last academic year. We are striving to reduce the environmental impact of waste by following the waste hierarchy to reduce, reuse and recycle.
To meet this goal, we are:
• Boosting recycling rates by incorporating a mixed recycling waste stream from September 2024, to increase the range of materials we can recycle.
• Recycling our food waste via ‘anaerobic digestion’ to produce biogas and fertiliser.
• Diverting our non-recyclable waste from landfill by sending it to power plants to be incinerated and used to generate electricity.
• Reusing furniture and other equipment around the School by using the ‘Warp It’ internal marketplace.
How can you support our sustainability goals?
Colleagues and pupils across the School can support with the achievement of our sustainability goals by: Saving energy where possible, turning off lighting, appliances, and heaters after use.
• Reducing waste where possible by avoiding single use items, and segregating waste into the correct waste stream for recycling.
• Engaging with one of the sustainability-focussed extracurricular clubs and activities such as Countryside Conservation or the Uppingham Conservation Project.
If you have any questions, comments or suggestions regarding sustainability at Uppingham School, please do not hesitate to contact Rose Playle, Head of Energy & Environmental Sustainability at rjp2@uppingham.co.uk.
Bugs on the Menu: Acrunchy solution to food security?
Miss Abbott
As the global population exceeds 8.2 billion, scientists and governments worldwide face a crucial challenge: how can we ensure there is enough food to feed everyone on Earth? Furthermore, can that food source provide the necessary vitamins and minerals in the right proportions for a healthy human diet? Food security has been a fundamental focus for humankind since our earliest origins. From the transition from huntergatherer lifestyles to agricultural farming around 12,000 years ago, through the advancements in industrial farming in the 19th century, to the development of genetically modified organisms in the late 20th century, scientists have continuously worked to produce sufficient nutritious food to sustain large populations. With a growing interest in vegetarian and plant-based diets1 as an alternative to modern factory farming, which traditionally provides protein for healthy diets, a new question arises: could insect-based protein be the solution?
Protein is a critical biomolecule required by all organisms for various functions. Essential enzymes, which act as biological catalysts for important metabolic reactions within cells, are composed of protein. Hormones, the chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream to trigger responses to both internal and external changes, are also protein-based. Proteins are crucial for tissue repair as well. Thus, organisms need a protein source to support these roles. In many cultures, meat from livestock such as cows, chickens, pigs, and sheep is a significant protein source. However, global demand for meat has various environmental drawbacks, including greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to rising global temperatures. Increased land use for agriculture also impacts biodiversity and local ecosystems2. While plantbased diets offer an alternative protein source, they may not be viable for all populations, particularly low-income communities worldwide that may struggle to afford these alternatives3. Here, an insect-based diet could provide a viable solution.
Insect consumption, or entomophagy, is already common in approximately one-third of the world’s population, particularly in Latin America, Africa, and Asia. Most of these insects are collected from the wild, though industrial-scale insect production could be a more efficient way
to produce an affordable food source4. In Thailand, for example, insects like crickets, grasshoppers, and bamboo worms are often fried or roasted and sold as popular street snacks. Selling insects can be an attractive occupation, as it typically requires minimal labor and can be quite profitable. While many insects are still gathered in the wild, insect farming, particularly of crickets, is on the rise for food production. Crickets are an excellent protein source and often exceed the protein content of many plant-based sources5. In Mexico, another country that has embraced entomophagy, the larvae of the ant Liometopum apiculatum, also known as “Mexican caviar” or “escamoles” provide not only a rich source of protein but also essential lipids, vitamins, and minerals. These larvae contain a variety of essential amino acids, making them high-quality protein sources6. Numerous other examples around the world showcase the benefits of entomophagy.
Eating insects offers various nutritional, economic, and environmental benefits. However, insect consumption remains less accepted in Western cultures and has yet to become a mainstream food source. Perhaps as a Western society, we must reconsider our views on eating insects as part of our transition toward a more sustainable future.
(1) Kaminski, M. Skonieczna-Zydecka, K. Krzysztof Nowak, J. Stachowska, E. (2020). Global and local diet popularity rankings, their secular trends, and sea-sonal variation in Google Trends data. Nutrition. 79-90(0899-9007), p.110759.
[Online]. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/ S0899900720300423
(2) Thavamani, A., Sferra, T.J. & Sankararaman, S. Meet the Meat Alternatives: The Value of Alternative Protein Sources. Curr Nutr Rep 9, 346–355 (2020). https://doi. org/10.1007/s13668-020-00341-1
(3) Parlasca, M. C. Qaim, M. (2022). Meat Consumption and Sustainability. Annual review of resource economics. 14(14), pp.17-41. [Online]. Available at: https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/ annurev-re-source-111820-032340
(4) Dele Raheem, Conrado Carrascosa, Oluwatoyin Bolanle Oluwole, Maaike Nieuwland, Ariana Saraiva, Rafael Millán & António Raposo (2018): Traditional consumption of and rearing edible insects in Africa, Asia and Europe, Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1440191
(5) Krongdang, S. Phokasem, P. Venkatachalam, K. Charoenphun, N. (2023). Edible Insects in Thailand: An Overview of Status, Properties, Processing, and Utilization in the Food Industry. National library of medicine. 12(11), p.2162. [Online]. Available at: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10252440/#:~:tex-t=Some%20of%20 the%20most%20consumed,promoti
(6) Domingo Cruz-Labana, J. Crosby-Galvan, Delgada-alvarado, A. (2018). Nutritional content of Liometopum apiculatum Mayr larvae (“escamoles”) by vegetation type in north-central Mexico. Journal of Asia-Pacific Antomology. 21(4), pp.1239-1245. [Online]. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/ S1226861518304151
“Creating a more sustainable future starts with you. By engaging with this information and working on initiatives within and beyond the Uppingham community, you can start to be the leaders in a more sustainable future.”