Maintaining the Momentum of Expanding Southern Plains Winter Canola Acres
Insect Management Disease Management No-till Management
Systems Management Extension
Yield (lb/A)
Acres (x1000)
Canola Production in Oklahoma - NASS
Insect Management • Define yield effects and economic threshold for diamondback moth • Develop an scouting plan for monitoring insect pests • Document levels of systemic insecticide over the season following seed treatment
Kris Giles, Tom Royer
Canola Insect Management Kristopher Giles Tom Royer
Diamondback moth: • Feed on foliage. • Damage leaves, causing indirect damage to yield • May alter plant growth by feeding on crown during winter • Currently, little data on yield impact from infestations in crown during winter
Establish Plots, Sample, and Spray Research Plots: Sprayed at proposed threshold Producer Field: Sprayed at first detection of larvae
Diamondback Moth Management 2012, Drummond, OK Product (rate) Coragen 3.5 oz/A Coragen 5 oz/A Brigade 2.0 oz/A Brigade 2.6 oz/A Mustang 4 oz/A Proaxis 1.92 oz/A Proaxis 3.84 oz/A Warrior 0.96 oz/A Warrior 1.92 oz/A Water
Yield (lbs/a) 1273 1259 1264 1683 1196 1094 911 1013 1243 1440
*Plots sprayed at detection (Warrior 1.92 oz/A)
2057
SE ANOVA (P = 0.723) 200 125 98 555 357 75 210 109 176 309 ?Prevented damage to crown?
Winter Canola Insect Calendar (New: Based on 2011-2013 Sampling)
SEP
OCT
NOV DEC
JAN
FEB
MAR APR
MAY JUN
JUL
Army Cutworm---------------------------------------------| Beet Armyworm------| Diamondback Moth-----------------------------------------------------------| Turnip Aphid--------------------------------------------------------------| Green Peach Aphid----------------------------------------------------------------| Cabbage Aphid----------| False Chinch Bug-------------------------------------------------------------------| Variegated Cutworm--| New Data Leafhopper------------leading to Aster yellow-------| Springtails as nuisance No seedpod weevil yet!
AUG
Key Pests: Canola Insect Management • Planting: • • • •
Insecticide Seed Treatments – Prevention for aphid buildup Fall/Winter: Scout for Diamondback moths and cutworms Early Spring: Scout for aphids Late Spring: Scout for aphids, false chinch bugs Thresholds: Management of Insect and Mite Pests in Canola (CR-7667web11.pdf)
Revised Canola Insect Publications •
EPP-7093 Caterpillars in Canola
•
CR-7667 Management of Insect and Mite Pests in Canola
•
Check Canola for effectiveness of seed treatments on aphids. Extension News.
•
http://pods.dasnr.okstate.edu/docushare/dsweb/HomePage
Future Concerns / Research Plans Insecticides and Resistance - Limited: synthetic pyrethroids and methyl parathion - Aphids and Diamondback moth likely to become resistant without alternative narrow-spectrum insecticides compounds that kill pests
Conservation of Bees - Available insecticides kill bees in winter canola - Need evaluation of narrow-spectrum products eg. Flonicamid, Sulfoxaflor , which are not currently labeled for canola (EPA Public Comment Period)
Disease Management • Determine the yield loss of canola varieties to blackleg • Screen canola varieties and breeding lines for resistance to blackleg • Assess the effectiveness of foliar fungicide application on control of blackleg
John Damicone, Mike Stamm
Black leg
Black leg
Black leg
Black leg
Black Leg Research - 2012 Yield loss – Inoculation timing x variety Fungicide trials Screening varieties and breeding lines for resistance
Disease Rating Scale = Disease Severity
0
1
3
4
2
5
Effects of Inoculation Timing on Black Leg Diseased plants (%)
Disease rating (0-5)
a
a a
a b
a b
a b
a a b
b
a b b
b
a
a b
a b b
c
b c
b
b c
HyClass 107W (S) 2011
2012
2012
Yield (%)
Yield (%)
2011
Disease incidence (%)
Disease severity (0-5)
Control of Black Leg with Fungicides - 2012 *
*
*
*
Disease severity (0-5)
Control of Black Leg with Fungicides - 2012 LSD=NS
Yield (lb/A)
Screening for Black Leg Resistance 103 entries in 2012 98 entries in 2013 KSU – Mike Stamm
Pathogenicity Groups (PG) of L. maculans PG
Westar
Glacier (R2, R3)
Quinta (R1, R4)
1
-
-
-
2
+
-
-
3
+
+
-
4
+
+
+
PG Groups in Oklahoma
Isolates (no.)
n=47
Disease Management – Extension Pubs
•
•
Oklahoma Pest e-Alerts – Canola disease update, v.11, no.18, 11 Apr 2012 – Update on black leg disease of canola, v.11, no.38, 18 Oct 2012
Popular articles – Blackleg’s potential in southern plains - Research determines best management practices. U.S. Canola Digest, v.4 no.1, p. 8-10.
Disease Managemtment Future Plans • • • •
Yield loss study Screening for black leg resistance Monitor PGs (race shifts) Evaluate germplasm for seedling resistance to against prevalent PGs
Damicone & Stamm
No-Till Management • Evaluate the effect of landscape position on no-till stand establishment • Evaluate cultivars for adaption to wide (>15 inch) row spacing Personnel: Chad Godsey, Randy Taylor
Canola Establishment in No-Till Fields
Survival (%)
Plants/ft (no.)
15-in rows
Taylor
Evaluation of Winter Canola Canola Grown in 30-inch rows
• Row crop planters - manage
residue - control depth - up to 10% yield loss
• Cultivar adaptation to wide rows
Chad Godsey
Godsey
Row Spacing and Cultivar Effects on Yield - 2012
Godsey
Cultivar Performance in Wide (30-in) Rows - 2012
Godsey
Summary •Planted (30-in rows) plots emerged quicker and more
evenly than drilled plots. •Greater emergence with planted plots compared to drilled plots. •Yield reduction of 0 to 10% when increasing row spacing from 15 in to 30 in. •Using a row crop planter to manage residue in no-till is viable •Seeding rate can be reduced from 5 to 2.5-3 lb/ac with a row crop planter •A high yielding hybrid appears to reduce yield loss associated with wider row spacing. Godsey
Extension • Increase winter canola acreage in the Southern • •
Plains through expanding the OKANOLA project in Oklahoma and Texas Train Certified Crop Advisor (CCA’s) for scouting winter canola issues Conduct on-farm participatory canola research
Josh Bushong, Mark Boyles, Okanola Team
Canola Extension Activities – 2012 Canola Field Tours North Central Research Station - Lahoma - 80 On-farm Cultivar/Fertility Demos (14) – 275 Canola conferences Enid - 100 Altus – 80 Certified Crop Advisor – OSU Winter Crop School – 100 n=635
2012 Demo Plot Field Tours
14 Locations 9-17 Apr 2012 275 farmers
Demo Plot Yields - 2012 Averaged over 8-10 cultivars, *= No till
J. Bushong, M. Boyles
Yield (lb/A)
2013 Winter Canola Field Tour Schedule April 8th 2013: 10:00 am: Jackson County 2:00 pm: Kiowa County 5:00 pm: Washita County April 9th 2013: 10:00 am: Cotton County 3:00 pm: Caddo County 6:30 pm: Canadian County April 10th 2013: 10:00 am: Grant County 2:00 pm: Garfield County 5:00 pm: Noble County April 11th 2013: 10:00 am: Alfalfa County 2:00 pm: Major County 5:00 pm: Dewey County April 12th 2013: 10:00 am: Ottawa County
Technology demonstrated
•Cultivars •Row spacing •Tillage
Josh Bushong, Okanola Team
Systems Management Objectives • Determine the most appropriate planting date canola in no-till and conventional tillage systems in the Rolling Plains (TX)
P. Delaune, Tx A&M, Vernon
Planting Date X Tillage – 2012-2013 • • • •
Chillicothe Research Station Planting dates: 4 Sep, 25 Sep, 16 Oct Conventional till vs No till Rains after 1st two plantings – better stands in no till, overall better stands in no till
P. Delaune
Planting Date x Tillage Chillicothe, TX 25 Sep
P. Delaune
Planting Date x Tillage Chillicothe, TX 16 Oct
P. Delaune
? Questions ?