FUTURE STARS AND FIREBIRDS!
APRIL 27, 2023
BENNETT AUDITORIUM
7:30 p.m.
Good evening! We are so pleased that you could join us tonight for a very special program. Each year, the Symphony Orchestra conducts our William T. Gower Student Concerto Competition. Our students embrace the competition as an opportunity to compete against their colleagues with the ultimate prize being a performance with the Symphony Orchestra. This year, we welcome three extremely talented young artist who represent the global diversity of our music program. I hope you will read the brief bios of these talented students and appreciate the lengths they went to in order come to our campus for their musical training and education. It speaks so very highly of the quality and status of our School of Music.
Performing on a stage in a concert hall in front of a large audience is always a challenge for any music student. When you add the additional pressure of performing with a symphony orchestra made up of your colleagues, the stress level raises significantly. This is not just another performance to these students. This is THE performance for these students. To perform as they do under these pressures is part of their education and training, and I hope you will provide them your enthusiastic support while appreciating their talent and courage.
Our evening ends with Igor Stravkinsky’s Suite from the Firebird (1919). This was Stravinsky’s first of many successful collaborations with Serge Diaghilev, the Russian arts impresario and head of the Ballets Russes. Stravinsky’s music is especially dramatic and expressive, and he accomplishes this through a variety of compositional techniques that are extremely technically and rhythmically difficult for the performers. His music tends to be quite challenging for professional orchestras and presents a particularly difficult challenge for college students. In this work, the students have been asked to stretch themselves to re-imagine the music in a manner that accurately expresses Stravinsky’s musical intent. The range of expression and emotion is extreme, and I hope you appreciate our students’ hard work to bring all that to light in their performance.
This is our final concert of the season, and we always appreciate your patronage and support. We are looking forward to next season when we will focus our series on bringing you Music of the Worlds. Thank you, for another wonderful Symphony Season.
See you at the Symphony!
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES SCHOOL OF MUSIC present
The University of Southern Mississippi Symphony Orchestra
Dr. Michael Miles, music director with William T. Gower Student
Concerto Competition Winners
Yinghan Zhang, piano
Amani Zouehid, cello
Alexander Ilchev, violin
THURSDAY, APRIL 27, 2023
BENNETT AUDITORIUM
7:30 p.m.
Concerto for piano No. 3 in C minor, op. 37
Ludwig van Beethoven
III. Rondo: Allegro (1770-1827)
Yinghan Zhang, piano
Concerto for violin in D minor, op. 47
Jean Sibelius
II. Adagio di molto (1865-1967)
III. Allegro, ma non tanto
Alexander Ilchev, violin
Intermission
Concerto for cello in B minor, op. 104
Antonin Dvořák
I. Allegro (1841-1904)
Amani Zouehid, cello
Suite from the Firebird (1919) Igor Stravinsky (1882-1971)
Suite from The Firebird
The Firebird was the first of several groundbreaking collaborations between Igor Stravinsky and Serge Diaghilev, head of the Ballets Russes. It also became the young and then unknown composer’s letter of introduction to the musical world. Before contacting Stravinsky, Diaghilev had approached five other composers about writing music for The Firebird, including the notoriously lazy Anatoly Liadov, who couldn’t (or didn’t) finish the music in time for Diaghilev to rehearse the dancers. Desperate, Diaghilev turned to Stravinsky, who jumped at the opportunity to work with the renowned Russian impresario and his equally famous ballet troupe. Stravinsky completed the music relatively quickly, during the winter and spring of 1909–10. The Firebird was an instant success for both impresario and composer from the moment it premiered on June 25, 1910, in Paris. The orchestral suites Stravinsky later created have remained equally popular with symphony audiences.
Stravinsky’s inventive, virtuosic use of orchestral colors and abrupt, repetitive rhythms took audiences on a sound journey unlike any they had previously experienced. The music, combined with Michel Fokine’s innovative choreography and the dazzling sets and costumes of Alexander Golovin, made The Firebird a unified creation, not simply a ballet with interesting music and costumes. It had been Diaghilev’s aim to present a work that synthesized all its elements, and critics were duly impressed. Henri Ghéon thought the work “the most exquisite marvel of equilibrium that we have ever imagined between sounds, movements and forms.”
The Firebird is a patchwork tale, whose story and characters are drawn from several sources in Russian folklore. In the Introduction, Prince Ivan, while hunting, discovers an enchanted garden, wherein dwells the magical Firebird, and captures her. The murky opening notes, intoned by strings, low winds and brasses, establish the mythic nature of the story. In exchange for her freedom, the Firebird gives Ivan one of her magic feathers in the Dance of the Firebird (agitated strings alternating with pensive winds). Ivan continues his hunt and finds the castle in which the evil King Kashchei is holding 13 princesses captive. To amuse themselves, the princesses dance in the castle courtyard to a lyrical oboe solo while playing with golden apples. The princesses tell Ivan that the green-clawed Kashchei (in some versions a sorcerer-king, in others a terrifying ogre) turns people into stone. Ivan, protected by the Firebird’s magic feather, provokes Kashchei. Suddenly the Firebird appears and enchants Kashchei and his hideous ogres, causing them to dance themselves into exhaustion in the Infernal Dance. After they collapse, the Firebird’s gentle Lullaby, an ethereal bassoon melody, lulls them to an eternal sleep. The princesses and all of Kaschchei’s stone victims are freed, and the Final Hymn captures their joy with dazzling, triumphant chords.
Concerto for Piano No. 3 in C minor
As a composer, Beethoven experienced some encouraging success at the turn of the 19th century. He wrote his first two symphonies, his first set of string quartets, the famous “Moonlight” Sonata, and the ballet, The Creatures of Prometheus, among other works. Beethoven’s encroaching deafness meant that his days as a performer were coming to an end, but in 1800, when he wrote the Piano Concerto No. 3 in C minor, he was still able to play, acting as the soloist at the premiere in 1803. Beethoven dedicated the concerto to Prince Louis Ferdinand of Prussia, a soldier, nobleman and composer, whose considerable skills as a pianist gained him the respect of his musical peers.
Piano Concerto No. 3 is Beethoven’s first in a minor key. It follows the standard three-movement format of the classical concerto, although there are aspects of it that show the composer already leaving classical conventions behind. The third and final movement has a rondo structure with a lively theme that returns periodically both in the piano and in the ensemble. The key is once again in C minor, interrupted by a very sweet section in A major. Beethoven’s grasp of the dramatic is evident as the main theme and the sweet theme vie for prominence. Near the end, the soloist has a final moment in the spotlight before the piano and ensemble play the lyrical major key theme, ending the work on a bright note.
Concerto for Cello in B minor, Op. 104
Antonín Dvořák’s (1841–1904) Cello Concerto in B Minor, Op. 104, is one of the most beloved concertos in the orchestral canon and one of Dvořák’s most enduring works. But you may be surprised to learn that Dvořák initially wasn’t so keen on the idea of the cello as a solo instrument. He wrote, “The cello is a beautiful instrument, but its place is in the orchestra and in chamber music. As a solo instrument, it isn’t much good,” because “the upper voice squeals and the lower growls.” But Dvořák found a way to make it work through his thoughtful scoring that allows for balance between the soloist and orchestra so that the sweet low and middle registers of the cello are never overshadowed, while also affording the soloist plenty of virtuosic moments to shine.
In 1892, Dvořák was invited to come to America to teach at the recently established National Conservatory of Music in New York City. Wealthy arts patron Jeannette Thurber founded the institution in an effort to raise the standard of American art music to rival that of Europe, hiring prominent teachers and composers from around the world to lend their expertise.
While in New York, Dvořák saw the potential of what a cello concerto could be when he heard one by Victor Hubert at a concert in Brooklyn. New York’s landscape also was an influential factor. On a visit to Niagara Falls in 1892, Dvořák reportedly exclaimed, “My word, that is going to be a symphony in B minor!” Though he never ended up writing a symphony in B minor, his resulting Cello Concerto in B minor is certainly symphonic in scope. And it goes almost without saying that the Concerto has an unmistakable Slavic folk quality. In many of its pages there is a genuine nostalgia that can only be attributed to Dvorak’s homesickness for the Bohemian countryside he loved so deeply. Indeed, he spent his American summers in the town of Spillville, Iowa, where there was a fairly large community of immigrants from Bohemia.
The first movement starts softly, with the clarinets introducing the theme. The full orchestra later plays the theme in a grandioso manner, leading to a horn solo, which introduces the secondary, lyrical theme. The first theme is played throughout the movement and during the last part of the third movement, giving the concerto a cyclic structure. The solo cello begins with a quasi improvisando section stating the theme in B major followed by triple-stopped chords. The cello then plays the theme again in E major. This concerto requires virtuosic technical ability, especially in the coda, where the cello plays octaves and many double stops. The movement ends with the restatement of the first theme marked grandioso and fortissimo.
The concerto was premiered in London in the spring of 1896, with Dvorák himself conducting.
Violin Concerto in D minor
The Violin Concerto’s composition and premiere was a turbulent path filled with delays, disasters and ill-will. In 1903, Sibelius was in one of his more compositionally prolific periods, but he was troubled. Tales of alcoholism, or at least drinking far too much, are rampant, and there is an anecdote that his wife had to go searching for him at a local pub to prompt him to finish writing the third movement for the Violin Concerto’s premiere. The premiere was held in November of 1904 with Sibelius conducting and Victor Novacek as the soloist. The premiere was nothing short of a disaster, with a trifecta of issues: an inexperienced soloist, his inability to prepare properly because the Concerto was not finished in a timely manner, and the resultant work was one of the most virtuosic concertos ever to be written. The failed outcome is not surprising. Sibelius withdrew the work and spent the next year revising it. The new version premiered in Berlin in October 1905, again at a time when its intended dedicatee, Burmester, was unavailable. Sibelius then asked Karel Halíř to be the soloist for his revamped Violin Concerto while Richard Strauss was the conductor. Burmester was so incensed by this slight that he vowed to never play Sibelius’ Violin Concerto, making him no longer a suitable candidate for the work’s dedication. Sibelius settled on a young prodigy (perhaps as a nod to his unfulfilled boyhood dream) by the name of Ferenc von Vecsey, age twelve, to dedicate his new work.
Sibelius does not rely on the traditional orchestra and soloist prototypes in his Violin Concerto. There is hardly any musical conversation between the two forces, unlike most Romantic works for violin and orchestra. The orchestra and soloist rarely share melodic material, and while there are some splendid moments for the orchestra, one never forgets that this work is first and foremost a vehicle for the violin soloist. Sibelius’s biographer, Eric Tawaststjerna, wrote this of the Concerto’s gestalt, “The Concerto is distinctly Nordic in its overwhelming sense of nostalgia. The orchestra does not wallow in rich colors, but in the sonorous halflights of autumn and winter; only on rare occasions does the horizon brighten and glow.”
The second movement is lyrical and song-like, with different colors of winds repeating the opening motif before the soloist’s entrance. The reverie is broken in the middle section by a passionate orchestral interlude in the minor mode, leading into the violin solo which continues the tempestuous character. It finally reaches its peak after a series of trills in the highest tessitura, and then meanders back to the gentleness of the opening. The third movement is in a modified Rondo form, which alternates between playful and dance-like to the darker and more serious tones of the rest of the concerto.
THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MISSISSIPPI SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA
Violin 1
Alejandro Junco, concertmaster
Marlene Gentile
Adelle Paltin
Juan Lincango
Laura Lopera
Jonathan Chen
Casey Macklin
Borislava Iltcheva
Violin 2
Federico Franco, principal
Lily Martinez
Icaro Santana
Angelina Sidiropoulou
Alejandro Lopez
Dexter Rodkey
Victor Amaut
Grace Pineda
Viola
Isabella Marques, principal
Christian Avila
Nicole Herrera
Ana Sofia Suarez
Cecilia Araujo
Cello
Cristian Sanchez, principal
Mauricio Unzueta
Alejandro Restrepo
Evelin Lopez
Brian Lorett
Kassandra Henriquez
Franco Galetto
Courtney Francois Bass
Wendell de Rosa Rodrigues, principal
Daniel Magalhaes
Jose Luis Cuellar
Carlos Herrera
Nick Shellenberg
Matheus Henriquez
Pedro Areco
Manuel Jara Ramirez
Charlie Levindoski
Piccolo
Camden Sidenstricker
Flute
Katerina Bachevska, principal
Camden Sidenstricker
Oboe
Ruth Moreno Calderón, principal
Becca Chadwick
English Horn
Becca Chadwick
Clarinet
Freddy Mora, principal
Gerby Guerra Galvan
Bassoon
Osvaldo Redondo Alfaro, principal
Jordon Vestal
Horn
Anna Zurawski, principal
Abby Loftin
Brian Alston
Chance Rootes
Trumpet
Mariah Atwood, principal
Ethan Farnsworth
Trombone
Caleb Owenby, principal
Richard Horne
Bass Trombone
Joseph Dunn
Tuba
Dawson Foster
Timpani
Josh Hale
Percussion
JD Dunklee
Sam Shaner