INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLIED ENGINEERING AND INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES
November 22 - 24, 2023
BOOK OF SUMMARY
ISBN: 978-9942-845-57-3
DOI: 10.53358/libfica/XWLN6984
GENERAL COORDINATOR
PhD. Daisy Imbaquingo Esparza, Subdean FICA
GENERAL ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
Miguel Naranjo Toro, PhD. Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Daisy Imbaquingo Esparza, PhD. Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Cathy Guevara Vega, PhD. Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Andrea Basantes Andrade, PhD. Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Armando De Giusti, MSc. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Argentina
Antonio Quiña Mera, PhD. Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Iván García Santillán, PhD. Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Brizeida Gámez Aparicio, PhD. Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Francisco Naranjo Cobo, MSc. Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Carlos Mafla Yépez, MSc. Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Omar Godoy Collaguazo, MSc. Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Luis Suárez Zambrano, MSc. Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Robert Valencia Chapi, PhD. Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
NATIONAL SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE
Darwin Leónidas Aguilar Salazar, MSc. Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE. Ecuador
Dulce Milagro Rivero Albarrán, PhD. Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador. Ecuador
Ángelo Villavicencio Poveda, MSc. Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE. Ecuador
David Loza Matovelle, MSc. Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE. Ecuador
Henry Marcelo Recalde Araujo, MSc. Universidad Tecnológica Israel. Ecuador.
Stalin Marcelo Arciniegas Aguirre, MSc. Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador. Ecuador
David Omar Guevara Aulestia, MSc. Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Ecuador
Galo Hernán Puetate Huera, MSc. Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador. Ecuador
Fernando Manuel Uyaguari Uyaguari, PhD. Instituto Superior Tecnológico Wissen. Ecuador
Víctor Hugo Saquicela Galarza, PhD. Universidad de Cuenca. Ecuador
Marvin Ricaurte, PhD. Universidad de Tecnología e Innovación Yachay Tech. Ecuador
Hortensia Rodríguez, PhD. Universidad de Tecnología e Innovación Yachay Tech. Ecuador
Alicia Sommer Márquez, PhD. Universidad de Tecnología e Innovación Yachay Tech. Ecuador
Floralba López, PhD. Universidad de Tecnología e Innovación Yachay Tech. Ecuador
Carlos Navas Cárdenas, PhD. Universidad de Tecnología e Innovación Yachay Tech. Ecuador
Jeanette Carrera Cevallos, PhD. Universidad de Tecnología e Innovación Yachay Tech. Ecuador
Vladimir Bonilla, PhD. Universidad de Tecnología e Innovación Yachay Tech. Ecuador
Juan Pablo Tafur Guisao, PhD. Universidad de Tecnología e Innovación Yachay Tech. Ecuador
Segundo Eliceo Pusdá Chulde, MSc. Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador.
Irving Reascos Paredes, PhD. Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador.
Marco Remigio Pusdá Chulde, PhD. Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador.
Xavier Mauricio Rea Peñafiel, MSc. Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador.
Fausto Salazar Fierro, MSc. Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Guillermo Neusa Arenas. PhD(c). Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Elvis Raúl Ramírez Encalada, MSc. Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Wilson Adrián Herrera Villarreal, MSc. Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Omar Vinicio Godoy Collaguazo, MSc. Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Elsa Sulay Mora Muñoz, MSc. Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Cosme Damián Mejía Echeverría, MSc. Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
David Alberto Ojeda Peña, PhD. Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Brizeida Nohemí Gámez Aparicio, PhD. Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Marco Antonio Ciaccia Sortino, PhD. Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Víctor Alfonso Erazo Arteaga, MSc. Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Fernando Valencia, MSc. Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Víctor Erazo Arteaga, MSc. Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Paul Hernández, MSc. Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Jorge Melo, MSc. Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Edwin Arroyo, MSc. Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Fausto Tapia, MSc. Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Lenin Omar Lara Castro, MSc. Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Ignacio Benavides, MSc. Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Fernando Ramírez, PhD. Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Ana Umaquinga Criollo, MSc. Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Frank Guerra. Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Luz Marina Pereira, PhD. Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Miguel Posso, MSc. Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Alejandra Pinto, MSc. Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Carlos Mafla, MSc. Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Carpio Pineda, MSc. Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Cosme Mejía, MSc. Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Cosme Ortega, MSc. Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Cristian Tassiguano, MSc. Instituto Superior Tecnológico San Antonio. Ecuador
David Guevara Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
David Ojeda Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Edgar Maya Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Edwin Arroyo Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Fabián Cuzme Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Francisco Contento Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Francisco Naranjo Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Gerardo Collaguazo Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Ignacio Benavides Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Isabel Quinde Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Iván García Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Jaime Alvarado Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Janeth Ureña Universidad Técnica del Ambato. Ecuador
Jhony Barzola Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Juan Carlos Paz Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Julio Guerra Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Marcelo Vacas Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Marco Ciaccia Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Marco Gordillo Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Mauricio Dominguez Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Omar Godoy Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Pablo Landeta Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Rita Díaz Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Santiago Meneses Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Silvia Arciniega Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Sonia Ruiz Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Stefany Flores Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Valeria Chugá Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Víctor Caranqui Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Víctor Erazo Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Víctor Saquicela Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE
Jorge Luis Zambrano Martínez, PhD. Universidad Politécnica de Valencia. España
Verónica Consuelo Tapia Cerda, PhD (c). Universidad del Valle. Colombia
Marisol Arellano Campos, PhD. Centro de Estudios de Posgrado, CDMX
Mario Augusto Rivera Valenzuela, PhD (c). Universidad Politécnica de Valencia. España
Edith Caicedo Daza, PhD. Instituto Politécnico Nacional Unidad Zacatenco. México
Jesús David Coral Medina, PhD. Universidad Cooperativa de Pasto. Colombia
Abraham Vadillo Morillas, MSc. Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. España
Jesús Meneses Alonso, PhD. Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. España
Raúl Key Sánchez, MSc. Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. España
Higinio Rubio Alonso, PhD. Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. España
Marta Zamorano Garzón, PhD. Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. España
Alejandro Bustos Caballero, PhD. Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. España
Eduardo Corral, PhD. Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. España
María Jesús Gómez García, PhD. Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. España
Ana Cabrera Tobar, PhD. Universitat degli Studi di Salerno. Italia
Federico Walas, MSc. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Argentina
Marcelo Naiouf, PhD. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Argentina
Enzo Rucci, PhD. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Argentina Sonia Casillas, PhD. Universidad de Salamanca. España
Marco Cabezas, PhD. Universidad de Salamanca. España
Mari Carmen Caldeiro, PhD. Universidad Santiago de Compostela. España
Fabiola Saenz, PhD. Universidad de Chile. Chile
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
Catalina Ramírez, MSc. Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Daisy Imbaquingo, PhD. Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Cathy Guevara Vega, PhD. Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
SUPPORT TEAM
Ing. Tamia Lima Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Lic. Targelia Cazar Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Ing. Ludmila Starodub Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
MSc. Alejandra Pinto Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Ing. Henry Farinango Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
MSc. Xavier Lima Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
MSc. Jorge Lara
Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
Ing. Jairo Revelo Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
DIAGRAMMING & DESING
Graphic Designer
Lic. Marlon Dario Haro E. Universidad Técnica del Norte. Ecuador
PREFACE
In the applied engineering field, where creativity merges with technical excellence, we are on the threshold of the International Conference on Applied Engineering and Innovative Technologies (AENIT-2023). This exceptional event is more than a gathering of sharp and insightful minds; it is a collective journey into the future, where the waves of innovation propel us into new technological frontiers.
On the innovative, academic, and technological stage of AENIT, visionary leaders, applied engineering experts, and influential thinkers from around the world converge. This melting pot of talent shares knowledge and shapes the future direction of engineering and technology. AENIT is the epicenter where bold ideas and pragmatic solutions congregate harmoniously, creating and cocreating knowledge between academia and industry.
This year's edition explores technology trends ranging from artificial intelligence to cybersecurity and biotechnology to augmented reality; AENIT 2023 will be a deep dive into knowledge and experiences where theory and practice come together. In each talk, in each presentation, you will learn about research work on topics of Production and Innovation, Communication Networks, Electrical Networks, Information Systems, Security and Privacy, Software Technologies and Technological Trends, and workshops that will transform the way we live, work and explore the world.
AENIT 2023 invites each participant to be not only a spectator but also an active architect of tomorrow and become a channel for the global welfare of society.
Welcome to AENIT 2023, where knowledge becomes action and innovation becomes the driving force of a promising tomorrow. Let this transformative journey begin!
ÍNDICE
01 Keynote Speakers
Recent advances in AI and its impact on society
Dr. Franklin Rivas pag. 25
Textile & Garment Industry focused on circular economy, inclusivity and sustainability
Dra. Eva Torales de Méndez
Industry 4.0 oriented maintenance
Ph.D. Cristina Castejón Sisamon
3D printing of reinforced polymers
Dr. Alberto David Pertuz Comas
Quality and Efficient Use of Electric Power
Dr. José Manuel Aller
Dr. Jesús David Coral Medina
MSc. Julio Barzola Monteses
Agriculture, biorefineries and food security. A close relationship. Machine learning applied to time series for prediction of energy consumption in buildings. 6GHz and 10GHz frequency bands…For IMT or for connect the Unconnected?
Dr. Andrés Navarro Cadavid
Representation of Emergencies based on historical data of events attended by the ECU 911 Service, in support of security
Dr. Danilo Corral De Witt pag. 33
Deploy Al in space.
Dr. Yashu Kang
02 Production and Innovation
Association between quality of life and risk of chronic diseases in workers of an automotive marketing company in Ibarra
Rodrigo Alvear, Yesenia Acosta, Gabriel Cortez, and Janeth Jiménez
Psychosocial factors of potato harvesters in the Carchi province
Fausto Paspuel and Julio Piscoya
Waste Reduction Applying Lean Manufacturing Methodology in a Textile Industry. A Case Study
Ramiro Saraguro, Francisco Cotacachi, Edgar Lema, and Karen Benavides
Prevalence of manual handling of loads and its pathologies in workers in the construction industry
Guillermo Neusa, Ramiro Saraguro, Janeth Jiménez and Edmundo Navarrete
Osteomuscular ergonomic incidence of occupational osteomuscular origin in operators of flat machinery in the assembly area of clothing in SMEs in Cotacachi
Diego Vaca, Leonardo Nolivos, and Janeth Fernanda Jiménez
41
Pathological health effects of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in teachers at an Educational Unit
Pamela Lisseth Almeida Charfuelán, Danilo Yovani
Martínez Jimbo, and Edmundo Daniel Navarrete Arboleda
Occupational risk factor due to exposure to biological agents using epidemiological direct observation techniques in a clinical laboratory.
Johanna Elizabeth Mayanquer Cadena, Rommel
Fernando Rosero Guerrero and Héctor Leonardo Oña Serrano
Biomechanical Ergonomic Risks in Flatbed Machine Operators in the Garment Industry in Ecuador
Ramiro Saraguro, Guillermo Neusa, Edmundo Navarrete, and Janeth Jiménez
The scientific approach to Sports Socks: A Bibliometric Review
Elsa Mora, José Posso and Elvis Ramírez
Mechanical behavior characterization of helical extension springs manufactured in Ecuador
Diego Almeida, Marco Ciaccia, and David Ojeda
Physical work capacity and heart rate in construction workers
Abdon Arellano and Julio Piscoya pag. 47
03 04 Electrical Networks
Optimization of electrical systems using the ant colony methodology: a systematic review and bibliometric study
Isabel Quinde, Ramiro Vásquez, and Jeanette Ureña
Statistical analysis of climatic variables for Potential Frost Prediction Application
Gerardo Collaguazo, Isabel Quinde, and Francisco Naranjo
Maximizing energy efficiency: A Comprehensive Approach Routing optimization and transformer placement in distribution networks
Ramiro Vásquez, Isabel Quinde, Francisco Naranjo and Orlger Arellano
Development of Low-Cost triboelectric nanogenerators for rural communities in Ecuador
Julio Guerra and Gerardo Collaguazo pag. 49 pag. 50 pag. 51 pag. 52
Smart and Management
Electronic device for learning Braille reading/writing system, representing characters as generating symbols
Jefferson Coyago, Carlos Vásquez, Fabián Cuzme, Jaime Michilena, Stefany Flores, and Henry Farinango-Hendara pag. 55
Feasibility and impact of smart post boxes in sustainable urban ecosystems
Alena Plašilová and Jan Procházka
Hate speech detection on Twitter: A Machine Learning Approach to Identify Attacks on Indigenous People during the 2022 Ecuador Strike
Saire Conejo, Jairo Quelal, Silvana Escobar, Alexandra Jima, Erick Cuenca, and José Alcántara
Application of reverse engineering and material characterization in the design of auto parts: Hydraulic oil tank manufactured through 3D Printing with Polygonal Modeling
Fausto Tapia, Víctor Montenegro, and Fernando Ramírez
Improvement of eye surgery microscope through design and construction of adjustable led lighting system.
Jorge Benalcázar and Washington Benalcázar
Influence of pattern and infill density on the Mechanical Strength of PLA and PETG parts printed by FDM
Shirley Ortega, Brizeida Gámez, David Ojeda, and Víctor Erazo
LoRaWAN infrastructure design and implementation for Soil Moisture Monitoring: A Real-World practical case
Erika Pamela Silva Gómez, and Sang Guun Yoo pag. 61
05 Information Systems
Using non-textual content of tweets in sentiment analysis: A Data Pre-processing Approach
Lucia Rivadeneira
Assessment of container orchestration strategies in the migration of monolithic applications to a Microservices Architecture using Open-Source Technologies
Andy Mora, Alejandro Mero, Darío Zambrano, Jorge Fernández, and César Moreira
Evaluating LeCCMe, a method for the creation of learning capsules: Evaluation of Analysis phase
Priscila Cedillo, Paúl Cárdenas, Luis Calle, Lourdes Illescas, Fabiola Zavala, Marcos Orellana, and Janio Jadan
Description of the impact and success/failure factors of software products released by UTN graduates in the systems and software engineering careers
Xavier Rea, Miguel Rodríguez, Irving Reascos, Diego Trejo, and Alejandra Pinto
The Government Portals of Ecuador: Analysis of the demand and utilization of public services by older adults through the internet
Gladys Guevara, Ivana Harari, Javier Díaz, and José Rosado
Framework for the search, evaluation, and selection of business software applications in SMEs in Ecuador through a field study
Fausto Salazar, Jefferson Lapo, Irving Reascos, Carpio Pineda, Cayo León, and Jorge Zavaleta
06
07 Security and Prvacy
Comparison of COSO and COBIT control models used in computer audits for academic institutions of secondary education in Ibarra city.
Fausto Salazar, Jefferson Lapo, Irving Reascos, Carpio Pineda, Cayo León, and Jorge Zavaleta
Technology Trends
Text Mining Techniques and Pre-Trained Models applied to the issues in Pictograms: A Systematic Literature Review
Andrés Patiño, Jorge Zambrano, Marcos Orellana, Verónica Serrano, Daniel Ramón and Priscila Cedillo
Intelligent product supply system using Artificial Intelligence with YoloV5
Kevin Pinta, Gabriel Palacios, Génesis Vásquez and Renato Torres pag. 68 pag. 71 pag. 73 pag. 74
Temperature profile morphology in orthogonal cutting of carbon steel
FernandoRamírez, Ignacio Benavides, Edwin Arroyo, and Fausto Tapia
Feedback on 3D Printing Quality Control: A Study of Skills development in Mechatronics Engineering Education
Gabriela Martínez, Luis Tutillo, and Jorge Aymara
Automatic system to alert assault risk to drivers in shared transport services
Darwin Alulema and Rodrigo Silva
Virtual reality as a support tool in the promotion of tourist attractions: Case Study of Peguche, Imbabura Province
Dennys Rivadeneira, Lizeth Chamorro, Deisy Encarnación, and Luis Suárez
Use of diffusion models for the prediction of the Septorhinoplasty surgeries results.
Jonathan Loor, Rosaura Bravo, Ariana Jiménez, Freddy Guzmán, and Manuel Morocho
Experiences to work in the professors' cloisters as a work environment that improves teaching practices
Roberto López, Flora Zambrano, José Córdova, Juan Andrade, and José Llerena
Reviewing inpainting techniques using diffusion models: A Comprehensive Analysis and Evaluation
Jonathan Loor, Ana Marcillo, Fernando Carranco, David Casa, Erick Cuenca and Gabriela Cajamarca
Industrial metaverse and logistics process monitoring in the Smart Factory: Strategic implications for industry and education
Luis Alpala, Francisco Montalvo, and Jhonny Hidalgo
Development of computational numerical models in the analysis of vehicle-pedestrian collision under NCAP conditions
Ramiro Rosero, Edwin Arroyo, Esteban Arévalo, and Jimmy López
Early detection of missing plants in corn crops through UAV images
Ronald Moreira, Marco Pusdá, Pedro Granda, and Iván García
Hernán Lara, Carla Ponluisa, and Arnold Figueroa
Numerical modelling of a Linear-Fresnel-Collector’s receiver optimized for equatorial regions using ANSYS Fluent
Juan Romero, Miroslaw Seredynski, and Luis Alvarez
Motion capture system for kinematic analysis of human gait assisted by an exoskeleton
Edison Romero, Cosme Mejía, Milton Gavilánez, and Carlos Rosero
Pedagogical model for collaborative entrepreneurship competences – Case Sudy in Ecuador
Blanca Moscoso, Ania Carballosa, and Miguel Andrés Guerra pag. 82 pag. 83
Development of a theoretical model for 2D Tool Trajectories in Robotic Ppolishing using a Space-Filling curves approach
pag. 84 pag. 85 pag. 86 pag. 87 pag. 88
Exploring the impact of coffee break in mathematics courses to improve academic performance and reducing exam stress
Raúl Toscano, Miguel Andrés Guerra, Julio Ortega, and Blanca Moscoso
Comprehensive study of aerodynamic forces in a small fixed wing UAV using Open-Source Software: Case of study for high Andean Wetland monitoring
Mateo Narvaez, Victor Alulema, Edgar Cando, and Esteban Valencia
Analysis of video games on the teaching-learning process in children from 3 to 4 years old
Nancy Flores, Alexander Guevara, Pablo Landeta, Cathy Guevara, Antonio Quiña, Fausto Salazar and Juan Estévez
Outer hand prosthesis customization using computing tools
CAD, CAE, FEA, and 3D Printing
08 Doctoral Summary
Design of a predictive maintenance methodology for machinery oriented towards the Internet of Things (IoT), focusing on agricultural engines
Carlos Mafla
Alan Proaño, Fernando Valencia, and Alicia Gordillo pag. 89 pag. 90 pag. 91 pag. 95 pag. 92
Method of computer audit based on advanced data processing systems that minimize the risk of quality issues in results
Daisy Elizabeth Imbaquingo Esparza pag. 96
Process-oriented Lab Package according ACM badges for Software Engineering
Cathy Guevara
Gamificación como Estrategia Didáctica en las Aulas Universitarias
Lorena Jaramillo-Mediavilla, Andrea Basantes-Andrade, Sonia Casillas-Martín- and Marcos Cabezas-González
pag. 97
pag. 98
KEYNOTE SPEAKERS
2023
Recent advances in AI and its impact on society
Dr. Franklin Rivas
Abstract. Artificial Intelligence is one of the most important areas nowadays. All information related to ChatGPT, Metaverse, digital twins, virtual and augmented reality are part of the worldwide interest. It has become the focus of Governments, International Corporations and an incredible interest at the level of the community in general that wishes to know the scope, myths, realities and the future and trends associated with its development.
On the other hand, the same development of technology has created important movements and reflections on the role of teachers in educational environments and the technological tools that can be used to support the process of lifelong learning. This conference is going to present the main techniques of artificial intelligence, the concepts associated with lifelong learning and the potentialities of using Artificial Intelligence techniques in educational environments and the areas that could be strengthened and reinforced with its use.
Textile & Garment Industry focused on circular economy, inclusivity and sustainability
Dra. Eva Torales de Méndez
Abstract. Since its consolidation as an industrial activity, the Paraguayan textile and clothing sector stands out as one of the most traditional and representative sectors due to its high socioeconomic impact on job creation and has occupied important places on the government agenda in recent years due to its export potential through regimes such as maquila that place the sector as one of the main segments of manufacturing industries.
In order to promote its development and overcome the challenges that arise both in the domestic and regional markets, it is necessary to rethink management models to promote continuous improvement and align with the trends of the global context, with a focus on added value and, above all, on sustainability. At a global level, the main challenge for the future is for the key players in the fashion industry value chain (classified as the second most polluting in the world according to UNTACD data), to recognize that unsustainable growth in production by 2030 and will cause environmental and social pressure to intensify «to the point of threatening the entire growth of the industry. (Cobbing, Vicaire and Greenpeace; 2018 in Torales, 2021).
To deal with this problem and the need to rethink new management models based on sustainability, in Paraguay since 2019, awareness and information campaigns on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) were carried out and the creation of the Sustainable Fashion Seal Paraguay that distinguishes compliance with sustainability criteria by more than 120 brands and companies that have accessed training on sustainability and a total of 52 companies and ventures that have received the distinction of the Sustainable Fashion Seal since the year 2020.
During the presentation, there will be a lecture on the experiences of systematization in the measurement of sustainable impact in the textile and clothing industry of Paraguay, aligned with Sustainable Development Goals and Objectives (SDG): Standards of the Sustainable Fashion Seal Paraguay, success cases and challenges.
Industry 4.0 oriented maintenance
Ph.D. Cristina Castejón Sisamon
Abstract. Nowadays, the integration of the different pillars on which the Industry 4.0 paradigm is based makes it possible to digitize all the tasks related to the life cycle of a product or service from an organizational point of view by collecting, processing and presenting the information obtained from the different parts of the organization. In this sense, maintenance tasks, and in particular the activities related to the analysis of the operating status of the elements of a mechanical system must be reformulated and oriented towards digitization. In this sense, the paper presents a proposed methodology for the integration of digitization within maintenance, as well as the development and use of different disruptive methodologies for the detection and prediction of failures in assets based on operating conditions.
3D printing of reinforced polymers
Dr. Alberto David Pertuz Comas
Abstract. Additive manufacturing (AM) by 3D printing, known as fused print manufacturing (FDM), has advanced in recent years, thanks to the development of a new technology to reinforce FDM printing, with thermoplastic filaments.
Continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite (CFRTPC) printers are taking this technology to a whole new level in terms of efficient production and mechanical properties. In this work, we characterize the tensile properties of fiber-reinforced specimens, considering the variation of several parameters available during the printing process: fiber orientation, volume fraction, filling pattern, reinforcement distribution. Also, fatigue behavior is studied, since a wide range of dynamic engineering applications can be contemplated in this type of loading. Fatigue tests were performed to analyze the durability behavior of FDM composite materials. The materials shown in this work include a nylon matrix reinforced with continuous carbon (CRTP), Kevlar (KvRTP) and glass fiber (FGRTP) fibers used for the Markforged® printer. Values for, bending and shear are also reported, where the fibers were oriented at 45° from the loading axis. Properties reported include modulus of elasticity, Poisson’s ratio, ultimate stress in the direction parallel to the load and, in some cases, the same properties in the direction perpendicular to the load. On the other hand, volumetric fiber content (Vf) is also estimated using image processing techniques. Vf is necessary to establish mechanical properties of composites using the rule of mixtures or other more advanced prediction models for mechanical properties.
The proposed method is tested with images acquired from carbon, Kevlar and glass fiber bundles used in fiber deposition modeling (FDM) in the additive manufacturing process. The study of crack opening and crack propagation in a composite material printed by material extrusion subjected to monotonic loading is presented. The composite material is made of a nylon matrix (with embedded short carbon fiber, called Onyx®) and reinforced with continuous Kevlar fibers. The results were analyzed using linear elastic fracture mechanics parameters using COD and found to have a fracture toughness of 46 MPa√m. Finally, the fracture surfaces are analyzed using SEM microscopy.
Quality and Efficient Use of Electric Power
Dr. José Manuel Aller
Abstract. This keynote presents the application of a Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) using a selfexcited induction generator (SEIG) coupled to the grid with a Predictive Direct Power Controller (PDPC), applying an optimal space vector selection technique in the inverter bridge. The self-excitation of the induction generator is obtained with a Direct Torque Controller (DTC) which allows controlling the machine’s space vector flux and electric torque. On the other hand, the power system coupling is with a Direct Power Controller (DPC), that selects the voltage space vectors required to minimize the active and reactive power errors to a given reference. The advantage of the optimum DPC scheme proposed in this work is the fast adjustment of the active and reactive powers to the power references. This is achieved without using the classic PLL. This WECS system has been modeled and experimentally proved in an emulator developed in the Universidad Politécnica Salesiana-Cuenca. The tutorial explains and demonstrates the operation and programming of the DPC for grid connection of WECS or PV systems and of the DTC to control the induction generator without self-excitation.
Agriculture, biorefineries and food security. A close relationship.
Dr.
Jesús David Coral Medina
Abstract. The current concern about the food and Energy supply has occasioned research on different topics to overcome fossil fuels depletion and the risk to food security. According to FAO, onethird of the food produced worldwide is disc arded.
The depletion of fossil fuels is expected to occur in 2042. It is a short line of time to change the industry. Therefore, alternatives for improving the uses of land for food production have emerged. Precision agriculture is one of them. The use of technology such as multispectral images, data processing, and climatological analysis is used to improve the yield of the crops. Additionally, in this context, biorefineries appear as an adequate alternative in terms, of state of maturity and development, for biofuel production without competing with land and water for food production, using agricultural residues as feedstock.
Therefore, this work has presented the results of implementing precision agricultures on coffee crops in southeast Colombia, in Nariño state. The most representative results, the impact on the community, and the improvement of the quality of the cup test are presented. Furthermore, this methodology is linked with the possibility of biorefining bioprocesses for Energy production to reduce fossil dependency in Nariño State., inside the food security framework.
Machine learning applied to time series for prediction of energy consumption in buildings.
MSc. Julio Barzola Monteses
Abstract. Buildings have a dominant presence in energy consumption for the transition to clean energy. During 2020, the construction and operation of buildings globally accounted for more than a third (36%) of final energy used and 37% of carbon dioxide emissions. In the Ecuadorian context, according to the 2020 National Energy Balance, the national consumption in residential, commercial, service, and public administration buildings was approximately 22.1% of the total energy consumption in Ecuador.
The primary energy source used by buildings and homes was electricity, representing 57.9%, i.e., 31.7% for the residential group and 26.2% for the commercial, services, and public administration group. This group ranked second in energy demand at the national level. Hence, in the last decade, there has been a great interest in analyzing energy efficiency in buildings from different approaches. Machine learning-based black-box methods are proposed to predict the energy consumption of a university building. These models can be beneficial in predictive control systems considered in buildings to forecast the behavior of buildings’ energy consumption in the short term with outstanding precision.
6GHz and 10GHz frequency bands…For IMT or for connect the Unconnected?
Dr. Andrés Navarro Cadavid
Abstract. Since 2018, the FCC assigned the segment from 5925 MHz to 7125 MHz for unlicensed use, thinking on the use by WiFi technology. Most countries have chosen this band in the segment 5925 to 6425 or the full band. However, the band, as well as the 10 GHz band are included in the World Radio Conference 2023 (WRC-23) with the aim to identify for IMT use to expand 5G and probably for 6G. Given that during the last 20 or more years, a lot of spectrum has been allocated for IMT and the results in terms of rural and remote locations coverages has been poor, many entities and countries are advocating to keep the 6 GHz and the 10 GHz band to use in different services and specially for connect rural remote areas. In this talk, we will show the current allocation scenarios for IMT in lower bands and discuss the benefits and issues of the allocation for IMT of for Dynamic use in the unlicensed model.
Representation of Emergencies based on historical data of events attended by the ECU 911 Service, in support of security
Dr. Danilo Coral De Witt
Abstract. Since 2018, the FCC assigned the segment from 5925 MHz to 7125 MHz for unlicensed use, thinking on the use by WiFi technology. Most countries have chosen this band in the segment 5925 to 6425 or the full band. However, the band, as well as the 10 GHz band are included in the World Radio Conference 2023 (WRC-23) with the aim to identify for IMT use to expand 5G and probably for 6G. Given that during the last 20 or more years, a lot of spectrum has been allocated for IMT and the results in terms of rural and remote locations coverages has been poor, many entities and countries are advocating to keep the 6 GHz and the 10 GHz band to use in different services and specially for connect rural remote areas. In this talk, we will show the current allocation scenarios for IMT in lower bands and discuss the benefits and issues of the allocation for IMT of for Dynamic use in the unlicensed model.
Deploy Al in space.
Dr. Yashu Kang
Abstract. The convergence of artificial intelligence (AI) technology and satellite observation has led to significant advances in monitoring and problem solving on a global scale. Star.Vision is a space advanced AI satellite company. They design and build intelligent space machines and use satellites to observe the Earth. Provide with the satellite services and solve the problems they are facing on the ground, such as agriculture, forestry, fishing, mining, post-disaster response, municipal administration and security needs. Star.Vision uses AI's Rideshare Algorithm to assess crop health, forecast harvests and detect anomalies, detect changes in vegetation cover sustainable urban planning, monitor conflict areas and among other applications in the sea, air and land.
The convergence of artificial intelligence and satellite observation is redefining the way we understand and address global challenges. From agriculture to security, AI-equipped space technology offers innovative solutions that positively impact the sustainability and safety of our planet.
2023 PRODUCTION AND INNOVATION
Association between quality of life and risk of chronic diseases in workers of an automotive marketing company in Ibarra.
Rodrigo Alvear Reascos 1[0000-0001-9354-6632], Yesenia Acosta Vinueza 1[0000-0001-5646-1832], Gabriel Cortez Andrade 1[0000-0002-8734-8012], and Janeth Jiménez Rey 1[0000-0002-5176-2422]
1Universidad Técnica del Norte, Ibarra-Ecuador. rralvear@utn.edu.ec, lyacosta@utn.edu.ec, gecortez@utn.edu.ec, jfjimenez@utn.edu.ec
Abstract. The ILO defines quality of life as a set of conditions at work that allow individuals to meet their basic needs and aspirations. The objective of this work was analyze the correlation between quality of life and risk factors for chronic diseases in workers of an automotive distributor. The study was a cross-sectional correlational type, non-experimental. The population consisted of 82 workers who were administered the Quality of Life questionnaire (Q-LES-Q) and the STEPSwise method was used to assess the risk factors for chronic diseases.
The data were processed using the statistical package SPSS version 27. In determining the quality of life, 43.9% of individuals (n=36) rated it as very good, 35.4% as excellent, and 20.7% as good. Job satisfaction was the domain of quality of life with the lowest rating. One-fourth of the workers were habitual smokers, and 6.1% smoked daily. 97% of workers had consumed alcohol at some point in their lives, with the majority doing so occasionally. 46.3% were overweight and 18.3% were obese. Conclusions: People with higher percentages in the perception of quality of life presented lower exposure to risk factors for the development of chronic diseases.
Psychosocial Factors of Potato Harvesters in the Carchi Province
1 Universidad Técnica del Norte, Ibarra - Ecuador
2 Universidad Nacional de Piura, Piura - Perú
faustop24@hotmail.com
Abstract. The objective of this research was to identify the psychosocial factors that affect the performance of potato harvesters or growers in the Carchi province, located in the northern part of Ecuador. For this, an evaluation of the psychosocial risks was carried out on all the potato (Solanum tuberosum) harvesters in the Carchi province, through a test or questionnaire for the evaluation of psychosocial risks and daily experiential stories that the workers occur.
The evaluation was applied in situ in the workplace in groups of 10 people who constitute the entire universe in the Carchi province, who were located in 9 production units in the area, the evaluation was carried out using the ''SUSESO/ ISTAS21'', which served as a psychosocial risk assessment tool, which allowed identifying and measuring the factors that constitute risks in occupational health, to make a situational diagnosis in psychosocial aspects, which may be affecting occupational health and the productivity of workers and formulate recommendations for a better development of their activities and quality of life, through a Prevention Plan in Occupational Safety.
The results show that potato harvesters, especially those migrants, present serious psychosocial problems such as disinterest and lack of motivation to carry out this work activity, which manifests itself in emotional problems that affect family and personal relationships and leads to physical problems, the loss appetite, so it is recommended to establish a prevention plan to mitigate psychosocial risks, reduce emotional effects and increase work performance.
Abstract. Lean Manufacturing focuses on the customer by identifying non-value-added activities, wastes, and their elimination or reduction through process optimization and continuous improvement. The textile company under investigation manufactures clothing and seeks to establish an organizational method for its production process focused on continuous improvement using lean manufacturing tools.
The proposal is about the "simple set", products composed of t-shirt and pant or short, as the main product of the company, specifically focusing on the t-shirt manufacturing process and its cycle time. The results show that by using 5S production improved from 58% to 95% with TPM, production flow interruptions in the production area were reduced, and by eliminating downtime, Lead Time decreased from 1361 minutes to 1254 minutes.
The proposal aims to reduce the processing time from 804.55 to 685.42 minutes, which would increase production capacity from 1,116 to 1,181 units per month. All of this will reduce unproductive times and fully meet the monthly customer demand. The textile companies in the area work with processes under similar conditions, so the study could be replicated.
Keywords: Production, Process time, Work organization, Value stream mapping
Prevalence of Manual Handling of Loads and its Pathologies in Workers in the Construction Industry
Guillermo Neusa Arenas1[0000-0003-0699-1821], Vicente Ramiro Saraguro Piarpuezan1[0000-0002-6244-5246], Janeth Fernanda Jiménez Rey1(0000-0002-5176-2422) and Edmundo Daniel Navarrete Arboleda1[0000-0002-8424-7996].
Universidad Técnica del Norte - Ecuador, Código: 100105 gneusa@utn.edu.ec
Abstract. Lean Manufacturing focuses on the customer by identifying non-value-added activities, wastes, and their elimination or reduction through process optimization and continuous improvement. The textile company under investigation manufactures clothing and seeks to establish an organizational method for its production process focused on continuous improvement using lean manufacturing tools.
The proposal is about the "simple set", products composed of t-shirt and pant or short, as the main product of the company, specifically focusing on the t-shirt manufacturing process and its cycle time. The results show that by using 5S production improved from 58% to 95% with TPM, production flow interruptions in the production area were reduced, and by eliminating downtime, Lead Time decreased from 1361 minutes to 1254 minutes.
The proposal aims to reduce the processing time from 804.55 to 685.42 minutes, which would increase production capacity from 1,116 to 1,181 units per month. All of this will reduce unproductive times and fully meet the monthly customer demand. The textile companies in the area work with processes under similar conditions, so the study could be replicated.
Keywords: Production, Process time, Work organization, Value stream mapping
Osteomuscular ergonomic incidence of labour origin in flatbed machinery operators in the area of clothing assembly in SMEs in Cotacachi.
Diego Marconi Vaca Gómez1[0000-0003-1070-7010], Leonardo Javier Nolivos Alvarado1[0000- 0002-0959-7654], Janeth Fernanda Jiménez Rey1[0000-0002-5176-2422].
1 Universidad Técnica del Norte, Av, 17 de julio 5-21 y Gral. José María Córdova. Ibarra- Ecuador
{dmvacag;ljnolivos;janethfernanda}@utn.edu.ec
Abstract. The clothing manufacturers have not to deal uniquely with possible accidents at work, but also with those hidden problems manifested as ergonomic consequences of bad posture, long working hours and lack of knowledge about safety at work and health, therefore it is essential to take action in this productive sector.
The main aim is to study the ergonomic osteomuscular incidence of labour origin in 5 workers of textile manufacturing machinery belonging to a group of SMEs in Cotacachi, using a mobile application. The clothing manufacturers have not to deal uniquely with possible accidents at work, but also with those hidden problems manifested as ergonomic consequences of bad posture, long working hours and lack of knowledge about safety at work and health, therefore it is essential to take action in this productive sector. The selected method is the Occupational Repetitive Action (OCRA) offered for risk measurement in repetitive work on the upper limbs, as part of the Ergo/IBV mobile phone application compendium. The main results indicate an unacceptable risk index for the operators who took part in the study, which means that action needs to be taken for the improvement of the current workplace conditions in order to reduce the chance of the musculoskeletal disorders risks. The results are consistent with those of similar research, confirming the effectiveness of the use of mobile applications in ergonomics assessment processes in industrial workers.
Pathological Health Effects of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in Teachers at an Educational Unit
Pamela Lisseth Almeida Charfuelán 1[0000-0003-3106-4202], Danilo Yovani Martínez Jimbo 1[0000-0001-7220-3577], and Edmundo Daniel Navarrete Arboleda 1[0000-0001-5353-9462].
1 Universidad Técnica del Norte, Ibarra-Ecuador plalmeidac@utn.edu.ec
Abstract. The risk factors of occupational origin are defined as "the event that a worker acquires a certain d year to health, by work activity", these factors are also generated with effects related to teaching in educational institutions, which often lead to ergonomic and psychosocial risks. The aim was to identify the pathological causes of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) using the Boston Questionnaire (BC) to determine the prevalence of this disease. A quantitative, descriptive, crosssectional study was carried out; the population group was teachers in an educational unit in the city of El Ángel, and the instrument used was the Boston Questionnaire - CB.
The results show that 48% of the teachers have CTS, 32% are female and 16% are male. It is concluded that a preventive health programme should be implemented, focusing mainly on the prevention of ergonomic risks, as well as establishing an occupational medical monitoring programme for epidemiological surveillance with emphasis on CTS, which would allow occupational medical check-ups to be carried out during the working day.
Occupational risk factor of exposure to biological agents using direct observation epidemiological techniques in a clinical laboratory.
Johanna Elizabeth Mayanquer Cadena 1[0000-0001-7540-8631], Rommel Fernando Rosero Guerrero 1[0009-0003-1095-1854] and Héctor Leonardo Oña Serrano1 [0000-0002-7989-569X].
1 Facultad de Posgrados, Universidad Técnica del Norte, Ibarra-Ecuador jmayanquerc@utn.edu
Abstract. Exposure to biohazards in healthcare settings is very common, but their handling increases in the clinical laboratory environment, and maintaining an organised control of biosafety standards will provide protection for healthcare workers. The following study will focus on the occupational risk factors caused by biological agents to which professionals working in the clinical laboratory of the Hospital Básico del Ángel are exposed.
This study will be carried out using the Biogaval - Neo 2018 method. For data collection in the period from June to December 2022, by means of field observation using the mixed qualitative-quantitative-quantitative- quantitative descriptive methodology with which we will identify the work areas with the greatest presence of occupational risk. The Biogaval method is intended to serve as a guide for technical personnel in occupational risk prevention to analyse the different areas in which there is a probability of biological risk, as well as to guide the implementation and execution of preventive and control measures.
In the different areas of the laboratory, workers had accidents with biological agents with possible contagion with microorganisms through punctures, lacerations or cuts, including inhalation of aerosols and contact with contaminated material. In view of these risk factors, it is necessary to evaluate the conditions in which they work, as it will be the beginning of a series of decisions that will improve the performance of institutions working under these risks.
Keywords: Biosafety, Clinical Laboratory, Biological Risks, Health Risks, Personnel Protection.
Biomechanical Ergonomic Risks in Flatbed Machine Operators in the Garment Industry in Ecuador
Vicente Ramiro Saraguro Piarpuezan1[0000-0002-6244-5246], Guillermo Neusa Arenas2[0000-0003-0699-1821], Edmundo Daniel Navarrete Arboleda4[0000-0002-8424-7996] and Janeth Fernanda Jiménez Rey3(0000-0002-5176-2422)Universidad Técnica del Norte - Ecuador, Código: 100105 grvsaraguro@utn.edu.ec
Abstract. The synthetic and analytical research relates dysergonomic and biomechanical risk in workers in the garment industry in Ecuador.
The work cycles in each musculoskeletal movement are identified and analysed by means of the work-related risk factor-RF. By applying the methods, the evaluation of the level of risk-NR was determined, estimating the pathological symptomatology in 133 flatbed machine operators; allowing quantitative and descriptive results to be obtained for the NR of exposure-NrE; these symptomatology indexes in the upper limbs were reflected in both genders, the female with >64.3%, while in men <35.7%, in relation to wrist rotation, in women >53.3%, and men with <46.7%, while in hand-wrists, women with >61.9%, and men with <38.1%.
Conclusions, these working conditions represent the main cause of absenteeism and incapacity for work, being responsible for a high number of musculoskeletal occupational diseases. In conclusion, the definition of a management system in ergonomics with emphasis on postural biometry, it was possible to define several aspects of prevention, health and occupational medicine, based on an epidemiological surveillance plan in ergonomics that improves the productivity and wellbeing of workers in the garment manufacturing sector.
The Scientific Approach to Sports Media: A Bibliometric Review
Elsa Mora-Muñoz 1[0000-1111-2222-3333], José Posso 1[0000-0003-2153-192X] and Elvis Ramírez1
1 Universidad Técnica del Norte, Ibarra, Ecuador
esmora@utn.edu.ec
Abstract. This article analyzes the scientific approach to the evolution of calcetines, through a bibliometric review and scientific mapping throughout history. The metadata of 294 documents from the Scopus database were reviewed and analyzed using vosviewer, biliometrix, an R package, and extracted using a canonical search equation.
The results reveal a remarkable interest in the scientific community on the evaluation and effects of sports socks on injury prevention, muscle recovery and performance improvement in various sports disciplines, as evidenced by the related papers in the Scopus database. An annual growth in scientific production is observed, which indicates a growing recognition and attention to this perspective.
The concepts of socks, stockings, compression stockings, socks have enriched the epistemological field and promoted a more inclusive and diverse vision of knowledge. In conclusion, the advancement of sports socks has been remarkable in terms of materials, technology, design and functionality, and these improvements have benefited users of different sports activities, as well as professionals and amateurs, by providing them with products that improve their performance, comfort and safety.
Mechanical behavior characterization of helical extension springs manufactured in Ecuador
Diego Almeida1[0009-0006-7404-8017]; Marco Ciaccia2[0000-0001-8293-8040] and David Ojeda3[0000-0002-1869-4819].
Universidad Técnica del Norte, FICA, Ibarra, Ecuador {djalmeidad,mciaccia,daojeda}@utn.edu.ec
Abstract. The design and manufacturing of helical extension springs in Ecuador do not adhere to technical parameters that meet the requirements of the machinery in which they are employed. Several factors contribute to this issue. First, the manufacturers of these springs often lack the necessary training to produce products with the required mechanical specifications. Additionally, the machinery used for this purpose is frequently of artisanal origin. Furthermore, Ecuador lacks a standardized framework that regulates the design and production of springs for various applications, including industrial, agricultural, fishing, and aquaculture machinery.
This study aims to characterize helical extension springs produced by various factories across the country by establishing characteristic curves. These curves will enable designers to estimate the mechanical behavior of springs produced on demand. We designed four springs, incorporating two spring rates (C) and two wire diameters (d). We selected eight made-to-order spring workshops located in different cities in Ecuador. We requested each workshop to manufacture three specimens of each model, resulting in a total of 96 springs. These springs were then evaluated using a James Heal Titan5 textile testing machine equipped with an adapter designed for spring testing. From the load-displacement curves obtained during testing, we estimated the stiffness coefficients and preload forces. Subsequently, we calculated the torsional stresses resulting from the preload and compared them with theoretical values.
Our findings suggest that tension springs produced on demand in Ecuador, on average, exhibit stiffness constants close to the expected (theoretical) values based on the design. However, there is a considerable dispersion in these values, making it difficult to have confidence that randomly choosing a factory will yield springs meeting the desired specifications. Additionally, these workshops typically do not consider the initial load as a critical parameter in their manufacturing process.
Consequently, the observed initial load appears to be an uncontrolled byproduct of the manufacturing process, rendering it impossible to rely on obtaining the required initial load for technical spring design.
Keywords: Helical extension springs, Mechanical design, Machinery spare parts.
Physical work capacity and heart rate in construction workers
Abdón Isaac Arellano Valdiviezo 1[0000-0001-8212-1313] and Julio Alberto Piscoya Arbañil 2[0000-0002-8140-5733]
1 Universidad Técnica del Norte, Ibarra, Ecuador Universidad Tecnológica ECOTEC, Samborondón, Ecuador arellano.abdon@gmail.com /aarellanov@ecotec.edu.ec
2 Universidad Nacional de Piura, Perú jpiscoyaa@unp.edu.pe
Abstract. Physical workload emphasizes the psychophysical demands that an employee faces during his/her workday, being important to analyze those aspects that influence his or her performance when carrying out his/ her duties at work. To calculate construction workers’ physical workload and its influence on their health, evaluating functional adaptation to their work. 20 construction workers were analyzed, measuring their heart rate by means of a monitor with an optical sensor using Chamoux and Frimat’s criteria for work demands, verifying the perception of physical load using the Borg scale.
Based on Frimat’s coefficient, a minimum of 7 and a maximum of 32 points were established, obtaining that 11 workers (55%) have an extremely demanding workload. According to Chamoux CCR: 7 workers (35%) had a hard cardiac cost, and 1 worker (5%) had a very hard cardiac cost. Borg scale determined that masonry, plastering, and foundry tasks are perceived as heavy work demand. In some studies, 75% of masons showed risk of physical overexertion and 50% showed a relative cardiac cost, according to the index. Likewise, other studies showed that stevedores had great exposure to this type of overexertion. Conclusions, Heart rate monitoring for determining physical workload is a reliable method and together with the Borg scale, they represent low-cost tools for health care.
Keywords: Work capacity, Heart rate, Workers, construction.
ELECTRICAL NETWORKS
2023
Optimization of electrical systems using the ant colony methodology: a systematic review and bibliometric
study
Isabel Quinde1[0000-0001-5789-9246], Ramiro Vásquez1[0009-0006-9073-9379] and Jeanette Ureña2[0000-0003-0275-7210]
Abstract. This systematic review aims to identify applications, trends, limitations, and opportunities, providing a comprehensive resource for the academic and research community to contribute to the advancement of knowledge in the field of ant colony methodology (ACM) applications in electrical systems. It is based on the PRISMA protocol for conducting the review. Literature search was conducted in the Scopus database, focusing on scientific articles related to the application of ACM in optimizing electrical systems, specifically in the fields of engineering and energy, from 2019 to the present, and written in English.
Inclusion criteria were applied to select relevant articles that primarily utilized ACM as the methodology for optimizing electricity-related electrical systems, excluding systematic reviews and those employing other optimization methods. A total of 60 scientific articles meeting the inclusion criteria were identified. These articles demonstrated that the use of ACM has yielded positive results in terms of electrical energy costs, energy demand, efficiency, reliability, renewable energies, electrical generation, and electrical power systems. Opportunities for enhancing ACM application and its integration with other techniques, particularly in reducing technical losses in electrical systems, were highlighted. Optimizing electrical systems through ACM shows significant potential for improving performance and efficiency in electrical distribution, making it a relevant topic in contemporary electrical engineering.
Keywords: Ant Colony Methodology, Electrical Systems, Systematic Review
Statistical Analysis of Climatic Variables for Potential Frost Prediction Application
Gerardo Collaguazo[0000-0002-5405-291X]; Isabel Quinde [0000-0001-5789-9246] and Francisco Naranjo [0000-0003-2802-4461]
Abstract. This article focuses on analyzing the behavior of climatic variables to predict and mitigate frost in agriculture. Given the increasing climate variability and its impact on food security, understanding extreme weather is crucial. Frosts consistently threaten agricultural production, causing significant losses in crops. The study explores the correlation between various climatic factors such as temperature, wind speed and direction, cloud cover, and humidity, and the occurrence of frosts.
Climatic data collected over 9 months using a weather station with ground-level and 1.5-meter temperature sensors, as well as sensors for rainfall, radiation, humidity, wind speed, and direction updated every 30 seconds, were analyzed. Key indicators such as clear skies, high temperatures, and turbulent winds preceding frosts emerged, prompting early alerts for farmers. Additionally, distinguishing between white and black frosts enhances precise crop protection. This information provides valuable insights for informed decision-making in agriculture, especially in potentially devastating frosts.
Universidad Técnica del Norte, Ibarra, Ecuador rmvasquez@utn.edu.ec
Abstract. Maximizing energy efficiency in distribution networks is of utmost importance in a world grappling with escalating energy consumption. Key strategies, such as routing optimization and transformer placement, hold significant potential for enhancing energy efficiency. Routing optimization, which involves finding the most efficient paths for electricity, considers load demand, network topology, and physical distribution line characteristics. Unfortunately, in practice, this task often neglects the minimization of total costs. Proposed methods are typically empirical and overlook constraints such as rivers, parks, avenues, streets, and various other elements that the electrical network must navigate when determining circuit routes.
Despite these challenges, the actual work achieved a remarkable 58.20% reduction in the total annual operation and maintenance costs of the electrical network. By addressing the real-world constraints and focusing on cost-efficient solutions, these strategies pave the way for a more sustainable and economical energy distribution network.
In summary, prioritizing energy efficiency is crucial amidst rising energy demands. By embracing approaches like routing optimization and transformer placement, while considering practical constraints, we can achieve substantial reductions in operational costs and enhance the overall efficiency of distribution networks, ensuring a more sustainable energy future.
Keywords: circuits design, electric power distribution, least-cost routing, losses optimization.
Development of Low-Cost Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Rural Communities in Ecuador
Guerra Julio1[0000-0001-5278-719x] and Collaguazo Gerardo1[0000-0002-5405-291x]
1 Universidad Técnica del Norte, Ibarra 10100, Ecuador jeguerra@utn.edu.ec
Abstract. In the quest for sustainable energy solutions tailored for rural settings, this study explores the development and deployment of Triboelectric Nanogenerators (TENGs) using materials native to the Ecuador region as natural rubber and chemically modified palm fiber. the objective of this work was to engineer a low-cost, efficient TENG suitable for the decentralized energy needs of rural Ecuadorian communities.
Leveraging FTIR analysis, we confirmed the successful grafting of silane onto palm fibers, enhancing their triboelectric charge generation capability. The TENG showcased an opencircuit voltage of approximately 35 V and a short-circuit current of around 1.5 μA under repeated hand tapping. Real-world deployment in villages demonstrated multifaceted benefits, including reduced kerosene consumption, consistent mobile charging, adequate water quality monitoring, and enhanced educational engagement.
The developed mathematical models accurately predicted TENG outputs and energy requirements for diverse applications, underscoring their potential for scalable solutions.
Keywords: Triboelectric Nanogenerators, Rural Electrification, Sustainable Energy, Low-Cost Energy Solutions
2023 SMART AND MANAGEMENT
Electronic
device
for learning Braille reading/writing system, representing characters as generating symbols.
Jefferson Coyago-Tutillo1, Carlos Vásquez-Ayala1[0000-0002-0382-6241], Fabián Cuzme-Rodríguez2 [0000-1111-2222-3333], Jaime Michilena-Calderón1[1111-2222-3333-4444],
Stefany Cristina Flores-Armas1 and Henry Farinango-Endara3[0000-0001-6700-9518]
1 Universidad Técnica del Norte, Av. 17 de Julio, Ibarra 100105, Ecuador cavasquez@utn.edu.ec
2 Universidad de Málaga, ETSI Telecomunicaciones, Blvr. Louis Pasteur, 35, 29071 Málaga, España
3 Universidad Abierta de Cataluña, Rambla del Poblenou, 156, Barcelona 08018, España
Abstract. Learning plays a crucial role in the personal and professional development of individuals worldwide. However, certain vulnerable groups, such as individuals with visual disabilities, require alternative learning methods like the Braille system. This study focuses on designing and constructing an electronic prototype that supports the teaching and learning of the Braille system for visually impaired individuals.
The electronic device was developed using opensource hardware and software, incorporating a reading module capable of representing raised points that can be recognized through touch, as well as a writing module that interprets and communicates up to 10 Braille characters entered by the user via speech synthesis. Technical tests evaluating the functionality and implementation of the prototype have been conducted, successfully demonstrating its functionality and user-friendly nature. Consequently, the prototype offers a short learning curve and eliminates the need for an instructor during the learning process.
Feasibility and Impact of Smart Post Boxes in Sustainable Urban Ecosystems
Alena Plašilová [0000-0003-0392-0809] and Jan Procházka 2[0000-0003-0578-0360]
Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU) prochj40@fd.cvut.cz
Abstract. This study examines the Smart Post Box initiative's potential and feasibility as a sustainable last-mile delivery logistics solution. It promises to streamline delivery networks and improve user experience with an NFC-based access system. A fast payback period in the second year shows the financial viability of this venture, according to our research. The initiative also predicts significant time savings for system users and non-users, as well as environmental benefits from reduced accident rates, noise, and emissions externalities, which will benefit society.
The study proposes integrating this concept into the Smart City and IoT framework to enable environmental monitoring through sensor integration, expanding its utility beyond its primary function. The Smart Post Box is a multifaceted innovation that introduces a new era in delivery and urban living, warranting further study.
Keywords: Smart Post Box, Last-Mile Delivery Logistics, Sustainable Urban Infrastructure.
Hate Speech Detection on Twitter: A
Machine Learning Approach to Identify Attacks on Indigenous People during the 2022 Ecuador Strike
Saire Conejo1[0000−0003−4064−5260], Jairo Quelal 1[0009−0009−1553−8202], Silvana Escobar 1[000−0001−5414−0672], Alexandra Jima González 2[0000−0002−9719−3069], Erick Cuenca 1[0000−0002−3996−2851] and José Alcántara 2[0000−0003−2785−3233]
1 Yachay Tech University, Urcuquí-Ecuador {saire.conejo, jairo.quelal, sescobar, ecuenca}@yachaytech.edu.ec 2 Tecnológico de Monterrey, Mexico {alexandra.jg, jalcantaliz}@tec.mx
Abstract. The exponential growth of social media platforms has facilitated worldwide message dissemination and diverse information exchange in real-time. However, this communication diversity can also foster hate speech due to varied opinions. This research delves into detecting hate speech during the June 2022 national strike in Ecuador, where derogatory comments targeted indigenous protesters on Twitter. The study aims to comprehend the prevalence and nature of hate speech by implementing a system to detect tweets into ”hate speech” and ”non-hate speech” classes using a Multinomial Bayesian Model.
The application’s performance is evaluated using different metrics related to the prediction accuracy, obtaining a value of 0.84. The results provide valuable insights into the dynamics of hate speech during significant events, underscoring the significance of analyzing tweets to counter hate speech on social media platforms and encourage a more inclusive and respectful online conversation.
Keywords: Hate speech, Machine Learning, Twitter, Bayesian Model, Protests
Application of reverse engineering and material characterization in the design of auto parts: hydraulic oil tank manufactured through 3d printing with polygonal modeling.
Fausto Tapia Gudiño1 [0000-0001-7681-2564] Victor Javier Montenegro Simancas2 [0000-0002-1794-4388] and Fernando Ramirez-Paredes3 [0000-0002-2156-7263]
Universidad Técnica del Norte, Facultad de Ingeniería en Ciencias Aplicadas, Ibarra, Ecuador fetapia@utn.edu.ec, vjmontenegro@utn.edu.ec,frramirez@utn.edu.ec
Abstract. In this project, the principles of reverse engineering, together with CAD-CAM-CAE tools, have been applied. The selected manufacturing process is 3D printing using the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) method. The materials analyzed for the manufacturing are ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) and PLA (polylactic acid). For this application, a hydraulic fluid tank from a highimpact passenger vehicle in the national market has been selected. The work encompasses the entire reverse engineering process, along with the mechanical characterization of the materials for printing. The properties observed experimentally are consistent with specialized literature and serve as a basis for the planned prototype manufacturing. The results achieved in this work are satisfactory and pave the way for further research in this area.
Keywords: Extrusion. Engineering Analysis, Mechanical Design, Finite Element Analysis, 3D Printing.
Improvement of eye surgery microscope through design and construction of adjustable led lighting system
Benalcázar Gómez Jorge Ricardo1 and Benalcázar Gómez Washington Patricio.
1 Universidad Técnica del Norte- Ecuador
jrbenalcazar@utn.edu.ec
washob@yahoo.com
Abstract. Anterior eyeball surgeries require the use of microscopes with specific characteristics that provide, test and guarantee the surgeon and/or his assistants in the operating room the best possible image. By increasing the level of illumination, the long wave (IR infrared) that causes heating and suffocates the interior must be stabilized outside the spectrum used, as well as the short wave (blue-violet AV), since it is the part that damages the clear vision for the surgeon and/or TV camera, since it is related to fluorescence, spreading and apoptosis, it is about providing the ophthalmologist with resources to minimize light trauma in the patient's eye.
Some chromatic-light enhancement options from incandescent, fluorescent, and LED sources of specific Kelvin Temperature and high brightness were analyzed, both with delivery through multi-strand fiber optics and within a confocal microscope geometry configuration, the comparative analysis and choice of specific LEDs and their performance, constitutes the main result of this research.
For this purpose, a power supply with power control by pulse length was expanded and built, also equipped with a thermal safety system to prevent LED overheating, mini radiators with a coolant pump as well as heatsinks were expanded and tested, and ventilation. The finished fountain, together with the cooling systems, are in themselves another result.
Keywords: Eye Surgery, Confocal Microscope, LED Spectrum.
Influence of Pattern and Infill Density on the Mechanical Strength of PLA and PETG parts printed by FDM
Nicole Ortega1[0009-0007-8428-239X], Brizeida Gámez 1[0000-0003-0683-1115], David Ojeda 1[0000-0002-1869-4819] and Víctor Erazo 1[0000-0001-5915-1864]
1 Universidad Técnica del Norte, Ibarra, Ecuador snortegap@utn.edu.ec, bngamez@utn.edu.ec, daojeda@utn.edu.ec, vaerazo@uten.edu.ec
Abstract. The comparative results of the mechanical behavior of printed samples using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) on Polylactic Acid (PLA) and Polyester Terephthalate Glycol (PETG) parts are presented. To carry out the experimental procedure, the ASTM D638-14 standard with the standardized dimensions of Type I specimens was taken as a reference. To generate the 3D model and the lamination of the samples were established, specific parameters of extruder temperature, printing speed, and extrusion. Cubic, gyroid and octet filling patterns were used with 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% infill density. For each condition, the G-code was obtained, which was interpreted by the printer for subsequent fabrication.
A total of 120 printed specimens were used, which were divided into two groups according to the material. Subsequently, tensile tests were performed to obtain mechanical properties from the Stress-Strain curves for the established conditions. The comparative study revealed that PETG has a greater tensile strength and greater capacity to withstand strain. On the other hand, PLA was more elastic than PETG. Likewise, the filler pattern that withstood the greatest load was the gyroid. PETG also required longer printing time, which implies higher energy consumption.
Keywords: Pattern and Infill Density, PLA and PETG, FDM.
LoRaWAN Infrastructure Design and Implementation for Soil Moisture Monitoring: A Real-World Practical Case
Erika Pamela Silva Gómez1, 2 and Sang Guun Yoo1,2,3*[0000-0003-1376-3843]
1 Departamento de Informática y Ciencias de la Computación, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador
2 Smart Lab, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador
3 Departamento de Ciencias de la Computación, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolquí, Ecuador
* Corresponding author sang.yoo@epn.edu.ec
Abstract. The application of Internet of Things technology in the agricultural sector has allowed to achieve a significant improvement in the process of growing and harvesting products. This has been possible since it allows obtaining a more exact control of the information in real time, thus allowing better decision-making in crop management and thereby improving their quality. Faced with this situation, this paper proposes the design and implementation of a soil moisture monitoring system for a strawberry crop using LoRaWAN technology to allow the farmer to improve the production of their crops, while maintaining low technological implementation costs.
The system allows the visualization of the data in real time, which are obtained from the sensors installed in the ground and which are transmitted through the LoRaWAN network. Once the system was developed using different trending technological tools, its functionality could be verified with satisfactory results. The functionality of the application obtained an acceptance of 94% and an usability a score of 86.87, indicating that the system meets the expectations of the users. Additionally, in the coverage tests, it was possible to verify the long communication range of the installed LoRaWAN devices.
Using non-textual content of tweets in sentiment analysis: A data pre-processing approach
Lucia Rivadeneira [0000-0001-5989-7703]
1 Universidad Técnica de Manabi, Portoviejo 130105, Ecuador lucia.rivadeneira@utm.edu.ec
Abstract. Sentiment analysis of Twitter, now known as X, is becoming commonplace in consumer behaviour and decision research. The role of tweets’ non-textual content, namely hashtags, emoticons, and URLs in detecting the sentiment, has received little attention. This study proposes a data pre-processing approach to integrate nontextual content into sentiment analysis. Using 1.3 million tweets about the 2017 Ecuadorian Presidential election, sentiment analysis is conducted before and after pre-processing the datasets, and the results compared against the election results and official exit polls. Pre-processing involves splitting hashtags into single words, replacing emoticons and emoji with sentiment-conveying words, and replacing URLs with the sentiment positive, negative, or neutral. The results showed that the mean error using Twitter data outperformed results from traditional polling firms when measuring vote intention, with a mean error of 7.6% in the first round, and 0.25% in the second. The approach can be of help to researchers and practitioners involved in electoral campaigns. This study raises awareness of the need for novel and automated data pre-processing methods for sentiment analysis.
Keywords: Twitter, Data pre-processing, Sentiment analysis, Election.
Assessment of Container Orchestration Strategies in the Migration of Monolithic Applications to a Microservices Architecture using OpenSource Technologies
1 Hospital de Especialidades Portoviejo, Manabí, Ecuador
2 Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, Manabí, Ecuador andy.mora@hep.gob.ec
Abstract. The ongoing evolution of technology has driven the search for more efficient and flexible solutions in the management of technological infrastructures. The objective of this research is focused on a detailed analysis of the transition from a traditional infrastructure based on virtual machines to alternative architectures that utilize open-source technologies. It explores the positive impacts, potential challenges, and provides insights for a successful architectural shift. Many have opted to migrate their technological infrastructure from virtual machines to containers, aiming to implement open-source-based microservices to enhance scalability, efficiency, and application management. This process involves deep technical and operational considerations to ensure a successful migration. The methodology used for this research was PPDDIO, which encompasses the relevant phases for development.
As a result, we determined that container-based microservices are lighter compared to virtual machines, they use fewer computational resources, and are also portable and scalable. During stress tests conducted in controlled environments, microservices demonstrated efficient performance. In conclusion, transitioning from a virtual machine-based technological infrastructure to the use of Docker containers offers significant advantages in terms of efficiency, portability, and scalability.
Both virtual machines and containers have their own strengths and weaknesses when it comes to deploying web applications. In some cases, a combination of both technologies could be a viable solution, allowing you to leverage the advantages of each approach depending on the context.
1 Departamento de Ciencias de la Computación, Universidad de Cuenca, Ecuador priscila.cedillo@ucuenca.edu.ec, paul.cardenasd@ucuenca.edu.ec
2 Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Cuenca, Ecuador luise.calle@ucuenca.edu.ec
3 Facultad de Filosofía Letras y Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad de Cuenca, Ecuador lourdes.illescasp@ucuenca.edu.ec, fabiola.zavala@ucuenca.edu.ec
4 Universidad del Azuay, Ecuador marore@uazuay.edu.ec
5 Universidad Indoamérica, Ecuador janiojadan@uti.edu.ec
Abstract. Sentiment analysis of Twitter, now known as X, is becoming commonplace in consumer behaviour and decision research. The role of tweets’ non-textual content, namely hashtags, emoticons, and URLs in detecting the sentiment, has received little attention. This study proposes a data pre-processing approach to integrate nontextual content into sentiment analysis. Using 1.3 million tweets about the 2017 Ecuadorian Presidential election, sentiment analysis is conducted before and after pre-processing the datasets, and the results compared against the election results and official exit polls.
Pre-processing involves splitting hashtags into single words, replacing emoticons and emoji with sentiment-conveying words, and replacing URLs with the sentiment positive, negative, or neutral. The results showed that the mean error using Twitter data outperformed results from traditional polling firms when measuring vote intention, with a mean error of 7.6% in the first round, and 0.25% in the second. The approach can be of help to researchers and practitioners involved in electoral campaigns. This study raises awareness of the need for novel and automated data pre-processing methods for sentiment analysis.
Keywords: Twitter, Data pre-processing, Sentiment analysis, Election.
Description of the impact and success/failure factors of software products released by UTN graduates in the systems and software engineering careers
Abstract. Across the years, graduates of the software and computer systems engineering careers at “Universidad T´ecnica del Norte”, have developed and released software products as result of their bachelor’s thesis projects. Each software product has specific characteristics, for example: the purpose they serve, the context they were built on, the tooling choose by their creators, among others.
Due to limitations that include: the amount of software products, the time span between their releases and the current study’s date, the absence of a description of interest study variables; return data has not been collected, hence limiting the ability to know the impact caused by such software products, success/failure factors and the used development resources. This investigation aims to: define a methodology to fulfil the purpose of increasing the knowledge, define interest study variables, gather data and finally describe the impact, success/ failure factors and development resources of the software products.
Xavier Rea, Miguel Rodríguez, Irving Reascos, Diego Trejo and Alejandra Pinto
Universidad Técnica del Norte, Ibarra, Ecuador. mrea@utn.edu.ec
The Government Portals of Ecuador: Analysis of the demand and utilization of public services by older adults through the internet
Gladys Guevara 1[0000-1111-2222-3333], Ivana Harari 2[0000-1111-2222-3333], Javier Díaz 3[0000-1111-2222-3333] and José Rosado Anzules 4[0000-0003-4820-7599]
1Universidad Nacional de la Plata, Av. 7 776, B1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina gladys.guevara@info.unlp.edu.ar
1Universidad Técnica de Babahoyo, Avenida Universitaria y Calle X, EC120102, Babahoyo, Ecuador gguevara@utb.edu.ec
2Universidad Nacional de la Plata, Av. 7 776, B1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina iharari@info.unlp.edu.ar
3Universidad Nacional de la Plata, Av. 7 776, B1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina jdiaz@info.unlp.edu.ar
4Universidad Técnica de Babahoyo, Avenida Universitaria y Calle X, EC120102, Babahoyo, Ecuador jrosadoa002@utb.edu.ec
Abstract. This study aimed to analyze the digital inclusion of older adults in Ecuador within the context of online public services. The main objective was to understand how this demographic group adopts and uses technology, identify the challenges they face when interacting with government websites, and evaluate the accessibility and user-friendliness of these portals.
A quantitative methodology was employed, involving a survey directed at Ecuadorian older adults, exploring their proficiency in information and communication technologies (ICTs) and their access to devices such as computers and mobile phones. The primary findings revealed that while a significant percentage of older adults in Ecuador have access to technological devices and the Internet in their homes, there is a significant digital divide in terms of digital skills.
Most respondents had an intermediate level of proficiency in ICTs but still encountered difficulties in navigating and using government websites. Many relied on assistance from others to access online services, and some found that the information on these portals was not always clear and accessible. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the need to address digital inclusion for older adults, particularly in the context of online public services. Policies and strategies are required to promote specific training and support for this demographic group, as well as improvements in the usability of government portals.
Keywords: Demand, Usage, Accessibility, Government Portals, Older adults.
Framework for the search, evaluation, and selection of Enterprise IT Applications in SMEs in Ecuador through a field study.
Fausto Salazar-Fierro1-2[0000-0003-1558-6721] , Jefferson Xavier Lapo Medranda1, Irving Reascos 1[0000-0003-2237-0160] Carpio Pineda-Manosalvas1[0000-0002-7175-1667] Cayo León 2[0000-0003-1704-8214 and Jorge Zavaleta2[0000-0002-3923-1725]
1 Universidad Técnica del Norte
2
fasalazar@utn.edu.ec fausto.salazar@unmsm.edu.pe
Abstract. Nowadays, the success of an SME is given thanks to the management of good business software. Still, unfortunately, the companies do not know what the process is to acquire business software, buying software that does not suit their needs, generating losses in the company. This research aims to describe enterprise software's search, evaluation, and selection process through a field study to understand how this action is carried out.
Within the literature are methodologies or strategies for searching, evaluating, and selecting enterprise software; however, they are unknown and are not applied; most are designed for large companies.That is why this work consisted of collecting information through interviews with experts in the area and personnel of SMEs that participated in the respective selection process of the software for their enterprise; all this information collected was codified and analyzed using the MAXQDA tool.
The result of this work is a descriptive framework that allows SMEs to make better decisions when choosing an ideal software, in addition to reducing failure and economic losses in the company. The described process consists of 4 blocks: motivations, phases of the process, team in charge, and factors to consider.
Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Universidad de Perú. Décana de América
AND PRIVACY
2023
Comparison of COSO and COBIT control models used in computer audits for academic institutions of secondary education in Ibarra city.
Bryan Checa1, Daisy Imbaquingo1-2, Silvia Arciniega1, José Jácome1, Stefany Flores1
1Universidad Técnica del Norte, Ibarra, Ecuador, 2Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina deimbaquingo@utn.edu.ec
Abstract. The risks and threats to technological resources and information security in educational institutions have increased today, so it is important to have control and supervision methods such as internal IT audits. However, the evidence of conducting this process in the IT department of educational institutions in Ibarra is limited or non-existent, primarily due to a lack of knowledge regarding the methodologies or control models that can be applied. Therefore, the objective of the research is to determine, through a comparative analysis, which of the COSO and COBIT control models is the most suitable for conducting an internal IT audit in the secondary education institutions of the city of Ibarra. This analysis will be the basis for the development of a set of guidelines that can be used in an auditing process. The comparison was carried out using four metrics: purpose, supervision and monitoring, information security, and adaptability, determining the degree of compliance on a Likert scale, with an average score of 4 out of 5 for both models. Therefore, COSO and COBIT can be implemented in IT auditing. An auditing guide for secondary education institutions is proposed, using both control models. This guide was evaluated by experts using the Delphi method, and they agreed with its structure, with a 95% alignment with the two control models. The comparison is made concerning four metrics: purpose, supervision and monitoring, information security, and adaptability. The degree of compliance is determined with a Likert scale, resulting in an average score of 4 out of 5 for both models. Therefore, COSO and COBIT can be implemented in IT auditing. Furthermore, a guide for IT audits in secondary education institutions is proposed, utilizing both control models. This guide is evaluated by experts using the Delphi method, and they indicate that they agree with the structure of the proposed IT audit guide, which aligns with the two control models by 95%.
Keywords: Computer auditing; Control models; Internal control; COSO; COBIT.
2023TECHNOLOGY TRENDS
Text
Mining Techniques and Pre-Trained Models Applied to the Issues in Pictograms:
A Systematic Literature Review
Andrés Patiño-León 1[0000-0001-9504-6498] , Jorge Luis Zambrano-Martínez 1,2[0000-0002-5339-7860] , Marcos Orellana 1[0000-0002-3671-9362] , María Verónica Serrano 1[0009-0009-0131-8022] , Daniel Ramón 1[0009-0001-9949-536X] and Priscila Cedillo 3[0000-0002-6787-0655]
1 Computer Science Research and Development Laboratory (LIDI), Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador {andpatino, jorge.zambrano, marore, vserrano}@uazuay.edu.ec, ramondaniel@es.uazuay.edu.ec
2 Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia-Spain jorzamma@doctor.upv.es
3 Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca-Ecuador priscila.cedillo@ucuenca.edu.ec
Abstract. Currently, a fundamental action for people of any age is proper communication with their environment, so new ways are sought to perform them, such as using Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) for people with Complex Communication Needs (CCN). This type of communication through technological tools allows people with CCN to transmit and receive messages through pictograms. However, these people have issues with pictogram selection in assisted communication systems, such as the low quality of sentences produced, even though some algorithms and methodologies allow pictograms to be found in a reasonable time.
For this reason, this article presents a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to synthesize primary studies and identify the data science tools, methods, and approaches used in pictograms to facilitate communication in people with Complex Communication Needs. 508 articles were extracted, of which only 42 were selected after applying the exclusion and inclusion criteria and the quality assessment. The results obtained could help establish research gaps and thus contribute to creating new techniques and algorithms in data science based on the above topics.
Keywords: Augmentative and alternative communication, Text mining, Pictograms, Data science, Natural language processing.
Intelligent Product Supply System Using Artificial Intelligence with YoloV5⋆
Kevin Pinta 1, Gabriel Palacios 1, Génesis Vásquez 1[0000-0002-9632-5429] and Renato Torres 1[0000-0003-2355-5212]
1 Universidad Nacional de Loja, Loja, Ecuador renato.torres@unl.edu.ec
Abstract. This paper explores the integration of wireless sensor networks (WSN) and smart city solutions in the realm of Internet of Things (IoT), specifically focusing on enhancing consumer-facing systems. The study introduces the implementation of the YOLOv5 supervised learningbased object detection model to conduct image inference for product detection on supermarket shelves.
Utilizing the ESP32CAM module for image capture, the proposed approach automates the product re-supply process, offering insights into consumer behavior. The system employs a wireless communication interface developed with Wi-Fi, Raspberry Pi, and Microsoft Azure to relay information about product availability.
Results indicate the model’s efficacy in object detection, boasting a mean average precision (mAP) exceeding 0.5 and achieving 96% accuracy in determining product availability. The research marks a substantial stride in supermarket stock management, utilizing IoT and supervised learning to enhance customer satisfaction and optimize sourcing processes.
Temperature profile morphology in orthogonal cutting of carbon steel
Fernando Ramírez-Paredes[0000-0002-2156-7263], Ignacio Benavides[0000-0003-3332-8523], Fausto Tapia[0000-0001-7681-2564], Edwin Arroyo[0000-0002-3527-6176]
Universidad Técnica del Norte, Facultad de Ingeniería en Ciencias Aplicadas, Ibarra, Ecuador frramirez@utn.edu.ec
Abstract. This research features a model to predict tool-chip contact temperature profiles in orthogonal cutting of medium carbon steel. The model is based on an analysis of numerical temperature distributions in orthogonal cutting of AISI 1045 steel with a flat and uncoated tungsten carbide tool and experimental calibration. The position and temperature have been taken as dimensionless variables along the rake surface of the cutting tool.
The profiles analyzed for the characterization of the temperatures were obtained from numerical simulations of orthogonal cutting validated by comparison with experimental evidence. The model has been calibrated by using experimental data about the maximum temperature location on the tool rake face. The cutting parameters selected as independent variables are: Cutting speed, with a range of 100-300 m/min; rake angle with a range from -20 ° to 20 °; and the feed from 0.1 to 0.3 mm/rev.
The results suggest a significant fitting of the temperature profiles to polynomial functions. A study has been carried out on the behavior of the polynomial coefficients as a function of cutting parameters. The proposed model is consistent with numerical and experimental information on temperature profiles taken from specialized literature.
Keywords: Steel machining, temperature profiles, orthogonal cutting models, cutting temperatures.
Feedback on 3D Printing Quality Control: A Study of Skills Development in Mechatronics Engineering Education
1 Universidad Técnica del Norte, Ibarra-Ecuador
2 Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas, Ecuador lrtutillo@espe.edu.ec
Abstract. In the rapidly evolving field of mechatronics engineering, the ability to accurately measure 3D printed components is not just a technical skill but a foundational educational pillar that spans the entire course of study. Conducted at the University of the Armed Forces ESPE, this research rigorously evaluates the measurement capabilities of students at various educational levels. While both novice and advanced students demonstrate the ability to make precise measurements, the latter group exhibits greater consistency.
The study employs Gage R&R analysis as a critical tool for assessing these measurement skills, offering a robust framework for ongoing evaluation and skill enhancement in engineering. This aligns with the Conceive-Design-Implement-Operate (CDIO) approach, which balances pedagogical fundamentals with technological skills and practical teaching, thereby fostering a broader skill set that includes critical thinking, analytical reasoning, and effective communication. Moreover, the integration of digital design and 3D printing technologies, as evidenced by the CDIO framework, provides a comprehensive educational experience that equips future engineers with the necessary skills and knowledge to navigate the challenges of a rapidly evolving technological landscape.
The study also underscores the importance of visual literacy in technology education, a crucial competency for understanding, creating, and communicating through visual means. These findings contribute valuable insights into the pedagogical approaches needed to prepare future engineers for the challenges posed by 3D printing technologies, thereby enriching the broader discourse on quality control in additive manufacturing.
Gabriela Martínez 1, Luis Tutillo 2 and Jorge Aymara 2
Automatic system to alert assault risk to drivers in shared transport services
1Departamento de Eléctrica, Electrónica y Telecomunicaciones Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas – ESPE, Sangolquí 171103, Ecuador
{rsilva, jsgutierrez, doalulema}@espe.edu.ec
Abstract. The research and development of computer vision-based technologies to mitigate issues in public safety has been a constant challenge. This work focuses on the small prototype development for assault risk detection to drivers on shared transportation service vehicles. The system implements an SSD Mobilenet object detector algorithm, trained for weapons automatic detection such as guns or knives on Nvidia Jetson Nano hardware equipped with a webcam video camera and GSM data transmission module that interconnects it with a web server for the automatic generation and sending alert messages via SMS and email to the registered emergency contact. This system could significantly enhance the safety of shared transportation service drivers by providing a faster and more efficient response from the authorities in potentially critical situations.
Keywords: Public safety, Citizen security, Computer vision, Weapons detection.
Rodrigo Silva1, Jorge Gutierrez1 and Darwin Alulema1
Virtual Reality as a Support Tool in the Promotion of Tourist Attractions: Case Study of Peguche, Imbabura Province
Dennys Rivadeneira-Cañola1[] Lizeth Chamorro-Madruñero1[] Deisy Encarnación-Castro1[0009-0008-7089-3189] and Luis Suárez-Zambrano2[0000-0002-8538-2735]
djrivadeneirac@utn.edu.ec1; lachamorrom@utn.edu.ec1; djencarnacionc@utn.edu.ec1 and lesuarez@utn.edu.ec 1
1 Universidad Técnica del Norte, Av. 17 de Julio 5-21, EC
Abstract. The present study introduces the development of a tourist route, utilizing virtual reality (VR) tools with the purpose of promoting and disseminating tourism. In this locality, a scarcity of tourism service providers lacking a strategic plan to promote their tourist offerings on their websites has been identified. The objective of this research is to design a tourist route that integrates virtual reality as a tool to showcase the attractions of the Peguche community, Imbabura province.
The methodology used is based on a literature review to understand the theoretical foundations of the project, field research to gather information and conduct an analysis of tourism in the area, employing techniques such as interviews, surveys, and observation. Additionally, a waterfall methodology was applied for the development of virtual reality. The system is grounded in a semi-immersive multimedia environment that incorporates 3D animations. To enhance the tourist experience, artificial intelligence-generated voice has been incorporated as an instructional tool. Blender software is used for 3D modeling, lighting, texturing, coloring, animation, and rendering of threedimensional graphics. As a result, the virtual reality-designed tourist route is presented to promote the attractions of the Peguche community and provide visitors with a virtual information system to strengthen tourism in the area.
Use of diffusion models for the prediction of the Septorhinoplasty surgeries results
Jonathan Javier Loor Duque 1[0009−0003−0802−0858], Rosaura Yokasta Bravo Pita2, Ariana Deyaneira Jiménez Narváez 1[0009−0002−4838−1538], Freddy Raúl Guzmán Suárez2 and Manuel Eugenio Morocho, Cayamcela 1[0000−0002−4705−7923]
1School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Yachay Tech University, Urcuquí 100119, Ecuador
2Hospital Quito No.1 de la Policía Nacional, Quito, 170605, Ecuador jonathan.loor@yachaytech.edu.ec
Abstract. In this research, the authors embark on the development of software tailored for the processing of Septorhinoplasty image outcomes using a diffusion model. Presently, the integration of diffusion models in nose area inpainting stands as a robust solution for projecting the outcomes of specialized Septorhinoplasty surgeries or medical interventions with a heightened degree of reliability and faithfulness. These models harness the concept of diffusion, effectively disseminating data across the image canvas to yield precise outcomes. By leveraging diffusion equations and proximate pixel values, color information is seamlessly transferred from known regions to the unknown, producing visually appealing colorized renderings that closely mirror the original content. Moreover, diffusion models are instrumental in inpainting processes, enabling the smooth restoration or substitution of damaged or absent image segments. They ensure a seamless blend with the surrounding content by meticulously considering adjacent context and employing diffusion techniques. In the application of a diffusion model to an input image, the primary objective is to generate a surgical outcome that retains pertinent details and structural integrity.
This is accomplished through the manipulation of intensity values of the image pixels, employing diffusion techniques that facilitate the dissemination of information between neighboring pixels. Check out https://sites.google.com/view/ septorhinoplasty-surgeries/ for an overview of the results and code.
Experiences to work in the professors' cloisters as a work environment that improves teaching practices
Roberto López-Chila1[0000-0001-9354-5883], Flora Zambrano-Parrales1[0000-0001-9354-5883], José Córdova-León1[0000-0003-3864-0479], Juan Andrade-Calderon1[0000-0001-9354-5883] and Joe Llerena-Izquierdo2[0000-0001-9907-7048]
1 Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Guayaquil, Ecuador
2 Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, España rlopezch@ups.edu.ec, fzambrano@ups.edu.ec, jcordova@ups.edu.ec, jandrade@ups.edu.ec, jllerenai@uoc.edu
Abstract. The positive experiences shared among professors allow them to be passionate about teaching, creating an appropriate work environment and developing proposals that result in good practices that benefit students in their learning processes.
The effective union of professors, from a professional and academic environment, has led to the formation of groups that were initially small to form large teams grouped in an area of knowledge or educational field. The objective of this work is to present the experiences of collaborative work in groups of professors called "cloisters" that work in an Ecuadorian polytechnic university. An empirical-analytical research methodology is developed, with a longitudinal quasiexperimental approach. A process that has taken four years since October 2019, during eight semesters of continuous work up to the present (from academic period 55 to academic period 62).
The development phases marked in five achievable goals by the academic coordination of the Guayaquil branch of the Universidad Politécnica Salesiana del Ecuador are shown. The results show a total participation of 162 professors, grouped in 32 cloisters and in 8 areas of knowledge. The work of two faculty members who have generated proposals to be replicated by others is presented. A total of eight academic and research products have been generated from the collaborative work of a faculty of professors. Finally, the percentage of students who passed the Linear Algebra and Programming courses reached 89% in the Linear Algebra courses and 85% in the Programming courses.
Reviewing Inpainting Techniques Using Diffusion Models: A Comprehensive Analysis and Evaluation.
Jonathan Javier Loor Duquer1[0009−0003−0802−0858], Ana Marcillo-Vera1[0009−0006−6999−7664], Fernando Carranco1[0009−0001−5207−770X], David Casa1[0009−0000−8729−5363], Erick Cuenca2[0000−0002−3996−2851], and Gabriela Cajamarca3[0000−0002−6631−2846]
1 School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Yachay Tech University, Urcuquí 100119, Ecuado 2 University of Montpellier, Montpellier 34 090, France 3 Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
Abstract. Inpainting is an image processing technique used to restore damaged or missing regions in images, traditionally applied in the restora- tion of deteriorated paintings and photographs. More recently, diffusion models have gained popularity for inpainting due to their efficient gener- ation of high-quality results. This article provides a concise introduction to inpainting and diffusion models, covering essential concepts such as information loss, coherence, and realism.
It also highlights prominent diffusion models used in inpainting and concludes with an assessment of their pros and cons. Ongoing research areas, including 3D image in- painting and privacy protection, are identified, along with other emerging applications like multimedia content creation, image repair, biomedical implementations, and medical diagnostics. Inpainting, with its diverse potential applications, stands as a promising and versatile technique in the realm of image processing.
Industrial metaverse and logistics process monitoring in the Smart Factory: Strategic implications for industry and education
Luis Omar Alpala1[0000-0002-8436-7090], Francisco Javier Montalvo Márquez1[0000-0003-2597-1113], Ivan Mafla Bolaños1[0000-0003-1841-2831], Daniel Beltrán del Rio1[0000-0003-2888-4007], Julio Andrés Pucuna1[0000-0002-9945-0604], Johnny Hidalgo Rodríguez1[0000-0001-8436-7843] and Javier Pozo Burgos1[0000-0002-3240-1648]
1 Logistics and Transportation Engineering Career, Universidad Politécnica Estatal del Carchi, Calle Antisana y Av. Universitaria, Tulcán 040102, Ecuador Luis.alpala@upec.edu.ec
Abstract. This research focuses on the convergence of advanced technologies such as the Industrial Metaverse, logistics process monitoring, and the Smart Factory in the context of Industry 4.0. The Industrial Metaverse represents a virtual and collaborative environment where industrial stakeholders can interact and make decisions in a three-dimensional space. Logistics process monitoring within the Smart Factory involves the use of sensors and real-time tracking systems to optimize supply chain management. In this context, we delve into the detailed proposal of a monitoring system in the Smart Factory that harnesses the capabilities of virtual reality and the metaverse.
This system is considered a fundamental tool for enhancing supply chain management and optimizing production processes. Our research encompasses aspects such as types of monitoring, technological levels of industrial process monitoring, and the relationship between monitoring and data analytics in the Smart Factory. We also delve into virtual reality and metaverse-based monitoring systems, including their key components, and validate their effectiveness through a real-world Smart Factory case study. Through this comprehensive research, we aim to provide a complete and practical insight into how virtual reality and the metaverse can transform industrial process monitoring in the era of Industry 4.0, with significant strategic implications for logistics and the supply chain.
1,2,3,4 Universidad Técnica de Norte, Ibarra, Ecuador
Abstract. This scientific research aims to evaluate passive safety criteria in bumper design through computational numerical simulation, specifically focusing on the impact of light vehicle collisions with pedestrians. The study employs a methodology structured in four stages. Initially, test specimens are analyzed and modeled, followed by validation through numerical comparisons with real tests under ASTM standards. The bumper design process involves selecting a vehicle, modeling its protector, and configuring specific materials. Simulation parameters for impact are defined based on VRU 2022 test protocols. Computational costs are mitigated by utilizing a simplified vehicle and bumper model, with validation confirming compliance with NCAP regulations.
The impact simulation reveals significant displacements and forces at the bumperpedestrian leg contact point, indicating effective energy absorption and reduced risk of severe injuries. The pedestrian deformation zone aligns with established temporal ranges from previous research.
The findings emphasize the suitability of the simplified model and materials in meeting safety regulations for vehicle-pedestrian collisions. The study underscores the importance of establishing a baseline with commonly used bumper materials, facilitating compliance validation and ensuring vehicle homologation in terms of safety. Overall, this research contributes a comprehensive methodology for analyzing and simulating vehicle-pedestrian collisions, with practical implications for enhancing pedestrian safety in the design and manufacturing of vehicle bumpers.
Early Detection of Missing Plants in Corn Crops through UAV Imaging
Ronald Moreria 1[0009-0000-7199-8654], Marco Pusdá-Chulde1[0000-0003-4265-999X], Pedro Granda1[0000-0001-5638-5673] and Iván García-Santillán 1[0000-0001-6404-5185]
1 Facultad de Ingeniería en Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad Técnica del Norte, Ibarra, Ecuador {rdmoreirar, mrpusda, pdgranda, idgarcia}@utn.edu.ec
Abstract. The number of plants born after corn seed planting determines crop yields for farmers. Manual monitoring of missing corn plants requires resources and time to cover large areas of crops. Traditional crop monitoring and tracking methods can be replaced by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and systematized precision agriculture (PA) methods to count corn plants using offline imagery. The present research proposes a new algorithm for detecting missing plants in the first weeks of corn growth. The algorithm was developed in Matlab using computer vision to detect missing corn plants using RGB images captured by drones with heights of 5, 10, and 15 meters. The experimentation was carried out with 30 images of each height captured in the third week of crop growth. The most appropriate height for better detection was established after an evaluation procedure with the set of images (90 in total). The evaluated algorithm obtained an accuracy of 80% with images of 5 meters, 67% accuracy with images of 10 meters, and 52% with images of 15 meters height.
of a Theoretical Model for 2D Tool Trajectories in Robotic Polishing using a Space-Filling Curves Approach
Carla Ponluisa-Naranjo1 [0009-0008-2815-6521], Arnold Figueroa-Palma1 [0009-0003-3704-8489], Hernan Lara-Padilla1 [0000-0002-0085-1820]
1 Departamento de Ciencias de la Energía y Mecánica, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolquí 171103, Ecuador
hvlara@espe.edu.ec
Abstract. In the realm of advanced manufacturing, robotic polishing has emerged as a pivotal process that demands high precision and uniformity, particularly for complex 2D metallic workpieces. This paper presents a novel theoretical model for robotic polishing trajectory planning using Space-Filling Curves (SFCs), specifically Hilbert, Moore, and Peano curves. These curves promise comprehensive coverage without overlap, which is a critical factor for achieving uniform material removal during polishing. The goal of this study was to leverage the unique properties of SFCs to optimize coverage and ensure uniformity in polishing intricate geometries.
This research delves into the kinematic properties of the polishing tool's trajectory, such as speed, acceleration, and exerted forces, which are crucial for attaining the desired surface quality. Employing Finite Element Analysis (FEA), this study investigates the contact dynamics between the tool and workpiece, underscoring the importance of a consistent contact force in achieving high-quality polishing. The proposed theoretical model serves as a foundation for future practical applications, aiming to bridge the gap between theoretical research and industrial practice and paves the way for empirical validation and software development for industry-wide adoption.
Keywords: Robotic Polishing, Space-Filling Curves, Trajectory Planning, Finite Element Analysis.
Numerical Modelling of a Linear-Fresnel-Collector’s Receiver Optimized for Equatorial Regions Using Ansys Fluent
Juan P. Romero-Astudillo1[0000-0001-7486-6745], Miros−aw Seredy−ski2[0000-0002-0341-6250] and Luis Álvarez1[0000-0002-5731-5965]
1 Universidad Técnica del Norte, Av, 17 de julio 5-21 y José Córdova, 100150 Ibarra, Ecuador jpromero@utn.edu.ec
2 Warsaw University of Technology, Pl. Politechniki 1, 00-661 Warsaw, Poland miroslaw.seredynski@pw.edu.pl
Abstract. This document outlines the numerical simulation of a Fresnel-type solar receiver developed within a broader project at Escuela Politécnica Nacional (EPN) in Quito, Ecuador, that involves implementing a low-concentration, mid-range-temperature linear Fresnel collector on campus, which is located very close to the equator. Therefore, the receiver was optimized for equatorial regions with input of validated radiation data from the local Typical Meteorological Year. The receiver comprises an absorber and two reflectors in a trapezoidal configuration, all enclosed by a glass cover. The top absorber has a high-selective coating, while the aluminum reflectors offer high reflectivity. Radiative effects were computed using the Discrete-Ordinates model.
To emulate the greenhouse effect of the glass, a two-spectral-band model (2500 nm breakpoint) was applied. Absorber and reflectors were modeled as opaque surfaces, while the glass was semi-transparent. For glass absorption and scattering, a non-gray model distinguished properties in the two bands. Likewise, natural convection for air inside the receiver was modeled with an ideal-gas fully-compressible formulation.
The analysis found a maximum absorber temperature of 418.2 K at low mass-flow rates and high water-stream temperatures, contrasting with 386.72 K obtained by Ordóñez & Jaramillo [1] under 2 m/s and an inlet of 348 K. Absorber temperature inversely correlated with mass-flow rate and directly with water stream temperature. The angular discretization study revealed no significant differences in the number of angular divisions for the Discrete Ordinates model. A grid sensitivity analysis confirmed stable absorber temperatures with a 40,500-cell mesh, despite minor variations.
Motion capture system for kinematic Analysis of human gait assisted by an exoskeleton
Edison Patricio Romero 1, Cosme Mejia 1[0000-0001-6961-2644] ; Milton Gavilanez 1[0000-0002-1863-1826], and Carlos Xavier Rosero 1[0000-0002-5396-6621]
1Universidad Técnica del Norte, Ibarra, 100150- Ecuador
cdmejia@utn.edu.ec
Abstract. The study of body movements in human gait promotes the identification of pathologies in intervened joints. Although the exoskeleton's movements at the Technical University of the North provide significant support, they are adjusted to a walking style that does not match Ecuadorian records, resulting in locomotion that is not suitable for the national population. Therefore, the implementation of a data acquisition system reflecting the lower limb exoskeleton's movement angle is proposed. The approach involves selecting a reliable proposal and developing a motion equation interpreted through wirelessly interconnected accelerometers, with data collection carried out using Arduino IDE. The angles will be graphed in Matlab 2022 software, and the user's data will be recorded in Excel. Validation of the project with the help of patients will involve functionality testing to assess the accuracy of the recorded data. The conclusive results will show patient movement graphs and data recorded in accordance with the sample population.
Keywords: Esp NOW, Human gait, Data acquisition, exoskeleton, Accelerometer
Pedagogical model for collaborative entrepreneurship competencies – Case Study in Ecuador
Blanca Esthela Moscoso1[0000-0002-5433-3279], Ania Carballosa2, and Miguel Andrés Guerra3[0000-0002-7496-3753],
Universidad Central del Ecuador UCE, Quito, Ecuador Universidad de Cien Fuegos, Cuba Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador bemoscoso@uce.edu.ec
Abstract. This research project was undertaken at an Ecuadorian university to address the necessity of instilling collaborative entrepreneurship skills in students pursuing Technical Business Administration majors. The main goal of this study was to create a pedagogical framework that could seamlessly integrate these skills into the academic curriculum. It became evident during their education that students lacked a structured guide for nurturing entrepreneurial skills, which are vital for their future professional careers. This study took place in school year 2021-2022.
The research focused on essential aspects of collaborative competencies, such as leadership, team communication, and conflict resolution. To evaluate the model's effectiveness, surveys were administered to students at a public university in Ecuador before and after implementing the model. The results indicated a positive impact on the development of these collaborative competencies. This study constitutes a significant methodological contribution for educators and researchers involved in cultivating collaborative entrepreneurship skills, establishing a robust foundation for improving the professional readiness of students in the field of collaborative entrepreneurship.
Exploring the impact of coffee break in mathematics courses to improve academic performance and reducing exam stress
Raúl Toscano1, Miguel Andrés Guerra1[0000-0002-7496-3753], Julio Ortega1 and Blanca Esthela Moscoso2[0000-0002-5433-3279]
Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Quito, Ecuador Universidad Central del Ecuador UCE, Quito, Ecuador
MAGuerra@usfq.edu.ec
Abstract. Traditional exams create stress and anxiety among students, hampering their cognitive abilities and general well-being. The factors involved in a traditional exam catalyze student stress and anxiety. Math exams are no different.
This study explores the potential benefits of integrating Guerra’s coffee break into traditional math tests to relieve stress and improve academic performance. During the coffee break, the students could discuss questions and resolve doubts with their classmates. The break takes place outside the classroom and rules of conduct are established to avoid attempts at academic dishonesty. Exam questions require the development of critical thinking and problems that require students' prior knowledge, so the coffee break does not help students who have not adequately prepared for the exam.
A survey was administered to students after completing the exam to collect qualitative data on students' experiences before, during and after the Coffee Break. The results suggested a positive impact on students' perceptions regarding stress levels, mood, and academic performance. Students reported a sense of relief and better concentration when learning about the coffee break, which reduced stress during the exam. The break provided an opportunity for collaborative problem solving and clarification, resulting in increased confidence and motivation to complete the exam. Integrating a "coffee break" into math tests has the potential to alleviate stress, promote effective learning, and support students' mental well-being.
Keywords: Exam stress reduced, Test performance improvement, Alternative exam.
Comprehensive Study of Aerodynamic Forces in a Small Fixed Wing UAV Using Open-Source Software: Case
of Study for High Andean Wetland Monitoring
Mateo Narváez1,2, Víctor Alulema1,2, Edgar Cando1,2 and Esteban Valencia1,2, *
1 Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito 170517, Ecuador; 2 Grupo de Investigación de Aeronáutica y Termo-fluidos Aplicada, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito 170517, Ecuador;
Abstract. This study presents an aerodynamic assessment of a low-cost fixed-wing UAV designed for high Andean wetland monitoring. The UAV was tested using two different wingspans and evaluated under a representative monitoring mission. The numerical simulations were conducted using an open-source framework that employed the k-omega SST and Spalart-Allmaras turbulence models. The study found that the k-omega SST model was more suitable for capturing the effects of rotational and curvature-induced turbulence, which are critical factors in the flight dynamics of the UAV. The performance of the UAV was found to be greatly influenced by its angle of attack, wingspan, and aerodynamic effects due to its wing-fuselage integration. The study highlights the potential benefits of using opensource software to conduct aerodynamic studies of UAVs, which could help to reduce design costs and software blackbox structure dependence. In future work, the aerodynamic assessment will be coupled with a structural analysis tool to check the suitability of the design developed.
Analysis of video games on the teaching-learning process in children from 3 to 4 years old
Nancy Flores-Jácome1, Alexander Guevara-Vega1,2[0000−0001−9431−7989], Pablo Landeta-López 1,3[0000−0002−2914−8696], Cathy Guevara-Vega1,2[0000−0002−2470−8287], Antonio Quiña_Mera 1,2[0000−0003−2516−9016], Fausto Salazar-Fierro 4[0000−0003−1558−6721], and Juan Carlos Estévez-Hidalgo5
1Universidad Técnica del Norte, Ibarra, Ecuador alexguevara@utn.edu.ec
2eCIER Research Group UTN, Ibarra, Ecuador
3 Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
4Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Universidad de Perú. Decana de América
5 Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social (IESS), Quito, Ecuador
Abstract. Currently, most children have excessive exposure to digital screens, which could be a negative aspect of teaching-learning. This research aims to analyze the use of technological devices and the relationship of video games in the teaching-learning process of children aged 3 to 4 years.
In this work, a descriptive study is carried out, using interview and survey techniques, with the instruments of script and questionnaire, respectively; in addition, we conducted documentary research using a systematic literature review for the theoretical foundation; and finally, field research with non-experimental character. The research design was structured as follows. Phase 1: Establishing the study sample and making an analysis of video games on the teaching-learning process.
On the one hand, a convenience sample was chosen in children from 3 to 4 years of age from an educational unit. On the other hand, the analysis was carried out through surveys and interviews with parents. Phase 2: Video games that affect teaching-learning were identified. As a result, it was determined that children spend more than five hours a day with their cell phones playing video games with their parent’s permission, in some cases affecting the teaching-learning process, and in others, they are part of support tools in the educational process.
Keywords: Teaching-learning, Digital screens, Videogames, Technological device
Outer Hand Prosthesis Customization using Computing Tools CAD, CAE, FEA, and 3D Printing
Alan Proaño1[0000-1111-2222-3333] , Fernando Valencia Proaño1[0000-1111-2222-3333] , and Alicia Gordillo1[1111-2222-3333-4444]
1 Universidad Técnica del Norte, Ibarra, Ecuador {arproano, fvvalencia, asgordillo}@utn.edu.ec
Abstract. A man’s hand is a wonderful tool, capable of executing numberless tasks thanks to its main role: hand grip. The present study shows a parametric anthropomorphic hand design that performs basic movements such as cylindrical, pointed, hook, palmar, spherical, and lateral, prehensile grip. This prototype proposes a hand that is customizable to different measurements by an inverse phalange bar mechanism that adapts to specific needs finding prosthesis custom solutions for handicapped people with upper limb amputation. To achieve this a goniometric and anthropometric study of the hand was needed so that the prosthesis shows as many esthetic details as possible without affecting its functioning, improving the user’s quality style at a low cost. For this prototype, the tools CAD-CAE were used along with fast 3D printing. The applied methodology was theoretical as the logical history, analysis, synthesis, modeling, and empirical. The observed results showed that this hand prosthesis adapts to half the study population and it has precision as a priority instead of movement strength.
Design of a predictive maintenance methodology for machinery oriented towards the Internet of Things (IoT), focusing on agricultural engines
Carlos Mafla1
1 Universidad Técnica del Norte, Ibarra, Ecuador
cnmafla@utn.edu.ec
Abstract. The maintenance management undergoes a revolution thanks to predictive maintenance, which stands out for its integration with the latest industry technologies. The ability to anticipate failures before they occur represents a significant advantage, avoiding unexpected downtimes and reducing operational costs. This study focuses on highlighting the importance of predictive maintenance applied to agricultural tractors, emphasizing the advantages that this practice brings. Common breakdowns in tractor engines and elements prone to failures are analyzed. By sharing this knowledge, the aim is to promote the adoption of proactive maintenance practices, improving operational efficiency and profitability in the agricultural sector. The integration of these strategies not only optimizes equipment performance but also contributes to sustainability and competitiveness in the industry.
Keywords: Predictive maintenance, Agricultural tractor engines, Autonomous learning, Industry 4.0
Method of computer audit based on advanced data processing systems that minimize the risk of quality issues in results
1Daisy Elizabeth Imbaquingo Esparza
1Universidad Técnica del Norte, Ibarra, Ecuador deimbaquingo@utn.edu.ec
Abstract. Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) lack a method or reference framework to support the audit process, utilizing specialized strategic techniques, or minimizing risks of quality and safety in the obtained results. This deficiency prevents them from contributing as an added service within these institutions and facilitating institutional evaluation or accreditation. While there are studies proposing computer audit guides at the HEI level, applying methodologies, none of them consider the specific services and processes within these institutions aimed at controlling and ensuring the security of technological assets against various threats and incidents, as well as identifying improvement opportunities.
The objective of this research is to develop a Method for Computer Audit in Higher Education Institutions (MAIIES) as a methodological support for the computer audit process in HEIs. This method includes planning, execution, results communication, validation, and exercise monitoring phases, with forty-seven activities grouped in each phase. The research comprises two phases. In the first phase, an extensive literature review was conducted, identifying factors and metrics of information quality and security in audits, analyzing reference frameworks, and studying the current situation in Ecuadorian HEIs belonging to the Ecuadorian Corporation for the Development of Research and the Academy (CEDIA). In the second phase, the design and standardization of MAIIES are proposed.
Process-oriented Lab Package according ACM badges for Software Engineering
Cathy Guevara1,2 cguevara@utn.edu.ec
1 Faculty of Education, Science and Technology, Universidad Técnica del Norte, Ibarra 100105, Ecuador. 2 Network Science Research Group e-CIER, Universidad Técnica del Norte, Ibarra 100105, Ecuador.
Abstract. EOpen Science (OS) movement advocates transparent sharing of research tools used in empirical studies. Lab packages in Software Engineering (SE) have lagged in adopting systematic approaches. This deficiency results in incomplete materials, which compromises the reproducibility and replicability of empirical studies in SE. The objective of this research initiative is to create a software tool that automates the development and evaluation of laboratory packages for human experiments in SE. The methodology consists of conducting a systematic mapping study to examine the current state of lab package publication in relevant SE forums. Subsequently, an iterative design science research (DSR) process is employed to evaluate the content of 118 packages derived from the systematic mapping dataset. The results of the mapping study indicate that 39.70% of SE journal studies make their packages fully accessible. Among the most widely used repositories in the SE empirical community are GitHub, institutional repositories, and Zenodo. The development of laboratory packages is being automated through the application of a structured scheme aligned with ACM banding policies. However, the study highlights the need for further research not only to improve and externally validate the tool, but also to promote its widespread adoption in the research community.
Faculty of Education, Science and Technology, Universidad Técnica del Norte, Ibarra 100105, Ecuador.
Network Science Research Group e-CIER, Faculty of Education, Science and Technology, Universidad Técnica del Norte, Ibarra 100105, Ecuador.
Faculty of Education, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
Abstract. Gamification as a didactic strategy allows the integration of ludic activities that dynamize the teaching-learning process, increase attention capabilities and favor the development of skills and abilities of students for the construction of their knowledge. This research aims to diagnose the use and perception of both students and teachers of the Faculty of Education, Science and Technology of the Universidad Técnica del Norte (Ibarra-Ecuador) about gamification in university classrooms. Through a qualitative-quantitative study of descriptive scope and action research, it was determined that students and teachers associate gamification with the term educational games; however, teachers recognize that they do not have a wide knowledge of it. Most teachers consider that it is necessary to be clear about the objectives to be achieved in order to effectively gamify the classroom; however, a minority of them include this strategy in the development of their classes. On the other hand, most of the students state that when teachers use gamification tools in the teaching-learning process they feel motivated, agreeing with the teachers who state that the main benefit of gamification is motivation. Teacher training in gamification is essential to increase the predisposition of students in their learning.
