EXTENTS
AUTUMN 2017
EXTENTS | AUTUMN 2017
Editor: Sierra Druley Publication team: Nicky Bloom Laura Durgerian Joshua Gawne Derek Holmer Jean Ni Allison Ong Tori Shao Monica Taylor Tatyana Vashchenko Thematic artwork: Joshua Gawne Tori Shao Produced with funds from: UWASLA UW Landscape Architecture Department
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ABOUT
EXTENTS
EXTENTS is a curated collection of student work in the landscape architecture department at the University of Washington, assembled and edited by the UW chapter of the American Society of Landscape Architects (UWASLA). This year the publication team has identified three broad themes that contextualize the work being done by students in the department: legibility, resilience, and healing. Taken together, these themes provide an image of the big questions being tackled by landscape students at UW: How can overlapping systems be revealed and elucidated in urban spaces? How can human and biological communities thrive in challenging environments? How can landscape architecture support the healing of toxic landscapes and encourage physical well-being? The projects in this publication were evaluated anonymously by a panel of professionals on the basis of content, graphic presentation, and technical attributes. All student work in landscape architecture at the UW was eligible for submission. The resulting collection in this issue of EXTENTS represents some of the most engaging student work completed at the UW during the 2016-2017 academic year. In print these projects appear static, but the concepts and challenges they address will continue to be re-evaluated and re-imagined as part of the iterative process of design education. EXTENTS is a snapshot of this ongoing process and a window into the collective imagination of landscape students this year at the University of Washington.
– The UWASLA publication team
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EXTENTS | AUTUMN 2017
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CONTENTS 7 LEGIBILITY 8
Stop Making Sense
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Urban Loom
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Painting Ecological Process
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Tactile Map Tile
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Nørrebro Plads, A Vital Edge
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Freeze | Thaw
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Reading The Elwha
Kasia Keeley, Andew Prindle Robin Croen, Sierra Druley, Laura Durgerian, Joshua Gawne Nicky Bloom, Xinyu Shen Jess Hamilton Jack Alderman, Jesse Shan, Kevin Van Meter, Tatyana Vashchenko Sophie Krause Robin Croen, Jean Ni
21 RESILIENCE 22
Gathering Terrain
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Capacity to Conserve
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rejuve|NATION
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Interconnection | Independence
Sierra Druley, Jean Ni Jack Alderman, Laura Durgerian
Andew Badgett, Margot Chalmers WenWen Cao, Aaron Parker
31 HEALING 32
Where the Sidewalk Ends
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Jackson Park
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Vrt Užitka (Garden of Delight)
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Thornton Creek Connections
Allison Ong Tatyana Vaschenko Nicky Bloom, Nathania Martinez, Jean Ni, Tara Van Corbach Allison Ong
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LEGIBILITY Landscape architecture has the ability to bring people into closer communication with the patterns and processes of their built and natural environments. Projects in this section have a specific focus on revealing, enhancing, and distilling phenomena to create legible landscapes. Stop Making Sense imagines a way to mark the legacy of nuclear waste at the Hanford nuclear facility in Eastern Washington. Urban Loom and Norrebro Plads: A Vital Edge reveals stormwater processes and clarify wayfinding in a new multimodal transit hub in Copenhagen, Denmark. Painting Ecological Process works with cycles of drought and flood in Szinda, Zimbabwe to create a landscape inscribed with seasonal changes. Tactile Map Tile utilizes 3D printing technology to build a more inclusive, non-visual method for mapping urban environments. Freeze | Thaw explores chemical state changes and refraction through a physical concept model, and Reading the Elwha annotates environmental history and landscape experience along the Elwha river.
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EXTENTS | AUTUMN 2017
Site I Installation
Stop Making Sense Kasia Keeley, Andrew Prindle The Hanford Nuclear Site in Eastern Washington is home to some of the most complex social and ecological issues facing the world. The urgency of the arms race initiated by World War II and propelled by the ensuing Cold War centered around new technologies based on increased scales of destructive capacities through both weaponry and information sciences. The fundamental alteration of what “war” constitutes resulted in the world’s most rapid accumulation of high-power weaponry and an attending unprecedented, amount of contamination resulting in the most expensive environmental cleanup in history. This cleanup has experienced many delays and complications and is still far from the seemingly impossible goal of bounded, static waste containment.
populations - the workers of Hanford, the residents of Richland, indigenous tribes - as well as a much wider public with the inclusion of the B Reactor as part of our national heritage in the National Park System via the Manhattan Project National Park project. We argue that new methods of design, articulation, and place making are necessary to cultivate and mediate new relationships between history, waste and toxicity as well as cultural land uses in order to address the complexities of Hanford How can the site convey a more nuanced understanding of its environmental and political history to a greater audience than the DOE/NPS has currently envisioned? What possibilities exist for landscape, design, and art in an anthropic landscape? How might Hanford serve as a guide for handling human-waste relationships? What novel techniques can allow landscape to productively articulate and engage users with the history and toxicity of a such a site?
As Hanford’s role in the landscape shifts dramatically, there are repercussions felt by local 8
LEGIBILITY
Environmental Disposal Restoration Facility Native Vegetation Clay and Soil Cap Impermeable Plastic Barrier
Site II
Site I
1000’ x 400’ x 80’ Disposal Cell Impermeable Plastic Barrier
Design Proposal
Visitor Path to Top of Lookout Wall
Hiroshima, Japan Democratic Republic of Congo Visitor Path to Base of Wall
Site II Installation
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EXTENTS | AUTUMN 2017
Urban Loom Robin Croen, Sierra Druley, Laura Durgerian, Joshua Gawne The future site of Nørrebro Station is currently a physical and cultural intersection. Bus, metro, train, and bicycle commuters all converge here. With the highest refugee population in Copenhagen, languages, cultures, and lifestyles also converge here. The project’s biggest challenge, and biggest opportunity, is weaving together this diversity to create a stronger, more dynamic, and more vibrant urban fabric. Urban Loom draws upon existing site features, both form and function, to deploy a range of design ideas that integrate culturally significant spaces, mixed-modal transportation, and ties into the existing infrastructural systems of the city. Intersection and Division 10
LEGIBILITY
Warp
Weft
The vibrant and diverse Nørrebro identity forms the backbone and inspiration for design intervention. Form is found and supported by the rhythm of train columns, and gaps between columns become opportunities to create porous public space.
Weaving between existing assets and constraints, design interventions are firmly rooted in place and intend to compliment the already vibrant existing character.
Nørrebro Arcade shops
downspout from rail line
overhead transparent solar panel structure with opaque islamic pattern printed on underside solar heated bench seat
catch basin
landing support column with cylindrical mirror shell
green screen cylinder
“lantern” skylight to metro to storm system planted berm at column base
Stitching Vertical Space
overflow to storm system
Connecting Green and Grey Threads
bird and pollinator friendly habitat
maximum retention capacity
Sinking, Slowing, Spreading Urban Stormwater 11
EXTENTS | AUTUMN 2017 KS
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Painted Dog Research Trust Campus Master Plan
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Harvesting Constructed Wetlands Habitat Swales
Painting Ecological Process Nicky Bloom, Xinyu Shen Arid climate and expanding student populations demand that Painted Dog Research Trust increase its self-sufficiency by reusing waste water. This design also creates moments of interaction with seasonal change and ecological process. Painting Ecological Process activates the 34-acre site as a large-scale outdoor classroom and research station to further the Trust’s mission to educate people and conserve habitat and animals. Large spatial gestures increase the site’s legibility for visitors while creating opportunities to appreciate changes in season, water levels, and animal life.
treated waste water back into the system. In-ground rain collectors water food and building materials gardens near the campus core. A living machine harnesses, treats, and loops black water back to residences to flush toilets. Constructed wetlands treat grey water for site irrigation. Habitat swales slow and capture runoff during the wet season and provide precious water storage and habitat pockets during the dry season. Steeper slopes serve as habitat research areas to test land management practices as well as attract painted dogs, kudu, and other native animal species. Program is organized around water as an educational tool, and towers, decks, and tree houses carve nooks where ecological process becomes legible to students.
The design utilizes sloping topography and seasonally varied hydrological conditions of the site to harvest, treat, reuse, and ultimately sink rain and
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LEGIBILITY
Capture Rainwater from Roofs
Liv
ing
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Capture Campus Blackwater
Treat Blackwater for Reuse
ch
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Irrigate Building Materials and Food Gardens
Capture and Slow Surface Runoff
Seasonal Water Hole
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Recharge Aquifer
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Enrich Dry Season Animal Habitat
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Tile Prototypes
Tactile Map Tile: Jess Hamilton Landscape architecture’s discourse surrounding inclusive and accessible design is largely centered on the Universal Design Principals established at North Carolina State’s Center for Universal Design. A lack of critical engagement with these and related ideas has left signifcant room for improvement when it comes to equitable design.
circumstances that influence a full spectrum of experience. These tiles confront gaps in the cartographic record as it pertains to inclusive design, and considers how that is manifested in the lived experience. Pairing a participatory, data-driven design approach together with interdisciplinary collaboration, these 3D printed, parametrically designed maps allow for user feedback, and ever changing open-data sets to be quickly incorporated.
This project presents an alternative approach to exploring the pedestrian experience. Challenging the existing primacy afforded to vision, this work takes a tactile approach. This project uses the development of tactile graphics as both a means of better understanding the pedestrian experience for people with low vision and blindness, as well as a step towards developing wayfinding tools that can be used by people with range of visual experiences.
Prototypes were printed throughout the process to test legibility with expert users and to better understand the technical and material constraints associated with 3D printing. Ultimately, the maps were printed using a Wood PLA and sandblasted to achieve a softer texture. A custom folder was bound to organize the map tiles, so they could be used at home prior to a journey, or folded and taken en route.
Designed as tools that enhance spatial understanding for people within a large range of visual capacities, these maps consider 14
LEGIBILITY
Topography was considered at multiple scales: macro-topography characterizing street or district level grade changes, transitional features such as stairs and ramps, and micro topography changes such as curb heights and tree well depths.
Features of the pedestrian environment were evaluated for inclusion on the maps. Surfaces were grouped according to similar traits in order to reduce the number of symbols required.
Finished product.
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EXTENTS | AUTUMN 2017
Norrebro Plads: A Vital Edge Jack Alderman, Jesse Shan, Kevin Van Meter, Tatyana Vashchenko Norrebro Station is located on the boundary between two neighborhoods at the outer edge of Copenhagen, DK. This area is both vibrant and diverse but has historically been under-served by the municipal government. It lacks urban ecology, climate adaptation, and social infrastructure. The project site is split by a linear barrier, that is both physical and municipal. A rail line bisects the site, and demarcates the edge between two neighborhoods. Our design strategies for Norrebro Plads shift, dissolve and lift this edge utilizing a multi-dimensional approach that is playful and innovative. Our proposal aims to provide rich public space that merges climate conscious design and aesthetic deďŹ nition.
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LEGIBILITY
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EXTENTS | AUTUMN 2017
Freeze | Thaw Sophie Krause Conceptual model aims to make legible the processes of freeze and thaw through a static, 3-dimensional form. Manifestations of chemical state change, refraction, and the process’ cyclical nature is reflected through materiality and perspective. Like water moving through the physical states, glass is manipulated with shards, scratches, and glue to represent the transition from solid, to liquid, to gas. Light and shadow functions as an interactive component to mirror the act of freezing and thawing, creating unique outcomes under different conditions, as the panels bend light through various mediums.
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LEGIBILITY
Reading the Elwha Robin Croen, Jean Ni What is place? Is it a point in space? A moment in time, a memory, a story, an experience? How can the phenomenological experience of landscape be quantified, recorded, shared? Or should it be at all? This book/journal maps the socio-cultural and ecological implications of dam removal edge conditions through academic investigation, spatial understanding, and personal notation. The project bridges multiple disciplie-specific conventions of education, theory, and research into a tactile strategy of knowledge seeking. The physical craft explores visual research methods of mapping, narrative, immersion, and collective memory.
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RESILIENCE Projects in this section tackle issues of sustainability and development in challenging, unpredictable environments. Here, students are working to address issues of water scarcity, extreme weather, soil depletion and habitat degradation through low-cost landscape-focused strategies on a project site in Szinda, Zimbabwe. Gathering Terrain takes a human-centered approach to resilience, foregrounding ecological education and emotional connection to landscape. Capacity to Conserve utilizes resourceconscious building techniques to create robust, ecologically performative spaces. rejuve|NATION employs innovative low-impact agricultural practices to help create a self-sustaining research campus. Interconnection | Independence pulls from Zimbabwean architectural vernacular to create a culturally resonate site design focused on water conservation and reuse.
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1 - collect
Gathering Terrain Sierra Druley, Jean Ni The Painted Dog Research trust is a space dedicated to ecological research, landscape rehabilitation, and environmental stewardship. Gathering Terrain is a framework for design interventions on the site that support this mission by mitigating extreme rainfall patterns and creating opportunities for ecological and technological engagement. The project represents a conceptual framework that utilizes discrete, deployable technologies within a phased, radially-expanding implementation plan. Intensive management and human activity in concentrated on the site, allowing more room for habitat restoration. Within this framework, each technology addresses a
specific set of environmental and functional issues while also creating space for human connection to these processes. Each of the five phases—collect, treat, fortify, grow and connect, are designed to support a highly functioning landscape and provide immersive human experience on the site. By bridging the gap between resilience technologies and experiential connection to place, this plan aims to support ecological literacy and landscape stewardship in the Szinda community and in the PDRT’s wider diaspora.
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2 - treat
3 - fortify
4 - grow
5 - connect 23
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Bathroom Sink
Shower
Toilet
Kitchen Sink
Stove
WET SEASON
RESILIENCE
YEAR 1
DRY SEASON
GABION WALLS
GABION WALLS
WATER HARVESTING PIT
WATER HARVESTING PIT
TOILET/SHOWER FACILITY
WATER HARVESTING PIT
TOILETS AT CEC
RE-USE
GREY WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM Biogas
Biogas Digestor
Coarse Sediment Trap
GABION WALLS
WATER HARVESTING PIT
GREY WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM
SAND/REED BEDS
SAND/REED BEDS
UV DISINFECTION
UV DISINFECTION
STORAGE TANK
STORAGE TANK BIOGAS DIGESTOR
Sand/Reed Filter
Liquid Fertilizer
UV Disinfection
Agriculture
SOCIAL NOOK
SOCIAL NOOK
SOCCER FIELD
VISITOR CENTER AMPHITHEATER AT CEC KITCHEN/DINING
PLANT BAMBOO
Bamboo
GROWTH
Aquaponics
SOCIAL NOOK
STUDENT HOUSING
ADAPTATION
Solid Compost
PLANT BAMBOO
PLANT ACACIA
HARVEST BAMBOO
PLANT ACACIA
PLANT ACACIA
PLANT BAMBOO
PLANT BAMBOO
PLANT ACACIA
GREENHOUSE
PLANT ACACIA
HARVEST BAMBOO PLANT ACACIA
GREENHOUSE
PLANT ACACIA GREENHOUSE
INCREASE LIVESTOCK CAPACITY AQUACULTURE
Community
EXISITING
Livestock
Construction
PHASE
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PHASE
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Capacity to Conserve Jack Alderman, Laura Durgerian The vision for this research-based conservation education campus stems from a need identified by the Painted Dog Research Trust’s director for greater “capacity.” In developing a systematic approach to capacity-building at the PDRT Zimbabwe Campus, we focused on four factors: resilience, re-use, adaptation and growth. Shaped by site topography and existing campus uses, we identified living, working and hybrid zones to provide an organizational framework for systematic site interventions.
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Hybrid
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LIVE
Bamboo Trellis
Gabion Seating
2” Steel Tubing 10” X 18” Concrete Footing
Live Inspired by cultural history and available materials, we propose the use of gabion as a new construction material and opportunity for the empowerment of Sizinda women. By introducing and passing down gabion knowledge and expertise through the community’s women, the PDRT Zimbabwe campus can simultaneously conserve its resources and grow the capacity of both the site and its people -- the campus can set a precedent for conservation while educating and empowering its community, starting with those most vulnerable, to create change on a broad scale.
WORK
Work
HYBRID
Plastic Bottle / Bamboo Covering Aquaponics Plastic Bottle Gabion Basalt Gabion
Hybrid
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rejuve|NATION Andrew Badgett, Margot Chalmers The intent of this project is to provide the Painted Dog Research Trust with a phased, agrarian master plan that addresses issues of food security and climate change within the community. The Painted Dog Research Trust in Zimbabwe is building a new research center and wanted a sustainable water management and treatment wetland as well as scalable technologies and techniues that could be co-opted by local residents.
health, and how to capture, clean, and re-use storm, black and grey water. A tidal wetland filtration system blends function with form by purifying water for agricultural use by pumping it through a series of wetlands that are raised to different heights, simultaneously providing visitors with a dynamic educational experience. The 30-year master plan transforms the site into a productive and sustainable landscape that is capable of adapting to climate change and provides a consistent source of food. The design showcases replicable agricultural and sustainability technologies and practices that the community members could adapt to their own plots.
The site is designed to set up scalable nutrient, soil, and water retention systems. These systems are layered togegher to demonstrate how to prepare soil for the production of high-yielding crops, how to utilize livestock to improve vegetation and soil
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RESILIENCE
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Entrance Visitors Center Conservation Ecology Center Student Accomodations Library Green House Guest House Kitchen
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Interconnection | Independence WenWen Cao , Aaron Parker This project design promotes a fully selfsufficient system for the PDRT campus in Zimbabwe. On the broad scope, they used cultural symbolism, community needs, and forward thinking technologies to implement scalable and contextually relevant systems for a more functionally sustainable campus. They used the concept of a gyroscope to impel the system focused thinking of the design. The circular form comes from research and analysis of Zimbabwean culture. The gyroscope, like the campus system, has many independent
moving cycles within a whole interdependent system. The team considered the inputs and also the outputs of the system, and the inner circulation relationship of water remediation through the wetland, agricultural production, aquaculture, and the rest of the proposed enterprises. Over time, the development of the campus will support more students who will support more research and system management leading to more self-sufficient and sustainable campus model.
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RESILIENCE
System Thinking
Bamboo Green House
Water Cycle Agriculture Bee Fences
Bamboo Woodland Bee Fences
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HEALING Contemporary landscapes often have toxic legacies. Projects in this section utilize landscape architecture as a healing practice, either to remediate toxins on a polluted site or to help provide a therapeutic space for psychological healing and wellbeing. Where the Sidewalk Ends illustrates an imaginative vision for a bioremediation park along the heavily polluted Duwamish river. Jackson Park envisions a the transformation of a golf course into a publically accessible, multifunctional series of outdoor rooms. Vrt UĹžitka (Garden of Delight) creates a therapeutic garden for a diverse community in Rijeka, Croatia as part of an Autumn 2016 design/build studio. Thornton Creek Connections helps a community heal its relationship to its watershed through moments of visual and sensory connection.
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Where the Sidewalk Ends Allison Ong “There is a place where the sidewalk ends, and before the street begins...” In his famous poem, Where the Sidewalk Ends, Shell Silverstein captures the mythic and whimsical quality of a street end. These ‘inbetween,’ ‘forgotten,’ or ‘interstitial’ spaces can be found in various states of neglect throughout our cities. But what if gaps in the urban fabric could be seen as opportunities to support a new way of thinking about urban ecology and contribute to a new urban folklore? Investigating the philosophies of Peter del Tredici, Gilles Clément, and Alan Berger, this design attempts to value and occupy urban interstitial space: finding a place for human and ecological health at the intersection of abandon and opportunity.
An island of bioremediation plants occupy the space between the bridges.
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HEALING
“Perhaps when we are confronted by a gap in the urban fabric, rather than thinking about how to fill it, or correct it, our first instinct should be to investigate its potential as a third landscape.� - Richard Ingersoll
Wh Du ere t wa he mi s sh idew Riv a er lk en be gin ds a nd s.
the
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Jackson Park Tatyana Vashchenko Taking into consideration the neighborhood’s proposed zoning and population density changes, this project explores options for how Jackson Park Golf Course, a park currently managed by a for-profit golf management company, might be reimagined to better serve its community and region. Situated on two light-rail stops, the 160acre park is uniquely positioned to have a regional reach. Analysis of walkability to publicly accessible open spaces shows that a significant area to the south and east of Jackson Park is underserved, despite being located immediately adjacent to what is technically a public park property. This proposal leverages the already established pattern of greens and naturalized woods to choreograph
a sequential experience for park visitors to experience while walking, running or bicycling through the park. Existing conifers are selectively cleared, leaving stumps and snags, paying homage the site’s history of logging while providing wildlife and fungal habitat. The proposed park’s extensive meadows are managed through rotational grazing, while a central green functions as a year-round range for the park’s resident sheep, kept by a non-profit animal husbandry program. Gabion Ha-Has serve as a wayfinding tool along the park’s central walking loop which links the numerous programmatic functions accommodated along its perimeter.
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HEALING
Amphitheater Seating Transitions to Overlook Meadow Terracing
Circulation
Gabion Ha-Ha
Four Trail Typologies Wind Through the Park, Forming: A 1.75 Mile Shared-Use Loop Riparian Boardwalk Secondary Spurs and Commuter Routes
Forest Existing Tree Masses Define Meadow Rooms, Selective Clearing and Strategic Reforestation Provide Bird and Mycological Habitat in the Form of Snags and Stumps Filbert and Fruit Orchard Riparian Allee of Birches, Alders and Aspen
Meadow
A Sequence of Outdoor Rooms Proposed Site Systems
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Fruit/Nut Forest Existing Tree Masses
Grazed Meadow
Community Agriculture
Programmatic Intensity Ebbs and Flows Through the Site But Remains Sustained Along Commuter Routes Through the Park.
Riparian Area
Structures and Program
Mosed Meadow
Activity Nodes
A Sequence of Pollinator and Ruminant-Friendly Meadows Open Up to Play, Picnicking, Wandering, Cultivation, and Grazing.
EXTENTS | AUTUMN 2017
Vrt UŞitka (Garden of Delight) Nicky Bloom, Nathania Martinez (University Of Florida), Jean Ni, Tara Van Corbach Vrt UŽitka addresses the need for stimulating, accessible open gathering and play space for a large intersection of underserved people in the city of Rijeka, Croatia. Materials and adjacencies were carefully chosen to address the communal use of space by visually impaired individuals, elderly citizens with disabilities, physical therapy patients, dormitory staff, teachers, and kindergarten through university-aged students.
into an obstacle course to be explored by schoolage children and teenagers.
The central plaza features a sweeping glass awning that faces an interactive water feature. Physical therapy elements, art walls, and handicapaccessible swings are built into the protective shade structure. Beyond the plaza, the nature play area consists of a scattering of reclaimed logs, arranged
This design-build project began with several teams who generated schematic designs tailored to community needs based on a series of participatory discussions. Team concepts were then synthesized to create a final master plan, followed by a 7-week construction period.
In addition to providing seasonal color, variableheight planters at the entrance invite visitors to taste, smell, and feel the herbs and flowers that fill this sensory area. Perennial medicinal herbs provide residents with the flexibility to harvest from the garden throughout the year.
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VRT UŽITKA
HEALING
GARDEN OF DELIGHT
VRT UŽITKA BLOOM / MARTINEZ / NI / VAN CORBACH
GARDEN OF DELIGHT ZONA IGRE U PRIRODI
VODA
BLOOM / MARTINEZ / NI / VAN CORBACH
SJEDENJE
OSJETILNI VRT
PLAZA STR UKT URA
LJULJAČKE
ZONA IGRE U PRIRODI
DIJAGRAM STRANICE SJEDENJE SITE DIAGRAM
VODA OSJETILNI VRT
PLAZA STR UKT URA
GLAVNI ULAZ MAIN ENTRANCE
LJULJAČKE
DIJAGRAM STRANICE SITE DIAGRAM
ZONA IGRE U PRIRODI NATURE PLAY AREA
INTERAKTIVNI VODENI ELEMENT INTERACTIVE WATER FEATURE
GLAVNI ULAZ MAIN ENTRANCE
ZONA IGRE U PRIRODI NATURE PLAY AREA
OSJETILNI VRT SENSORY GARDEN
INTERAKTIVNI VODENI ELEMENT INTERACTIVE WATER FEATURE
OSJETILNI VRT SENSORY GARDEN
ZID ZA FIZIČKU TERAPIJU PHYSICAL THERAPY WALL ZID ZA FIZIČKU TERAPIJU PHYSICAL THERAPY WALL
JESTIVO/EDIBLE
JESTIVO/EDIBLE
ART ZID ART WALL ART ZID ART WALL
LJULJAČKE SWINGS LJULJAČKE SWINGS
MIRISNO/FRAGRANT
MIRISNO/FRAGRANT
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DODIRNO/TACTILE
DODIRNO/TACTILE
EXTENTS | AUTUMN 2017
Thornton Creek Connections Allison Ong
The Thornton Creek Watershed is the largest watershed in Seattle. Yet, according to a survey conducted by SPU, 68% of residents in the watershed are unaware of a watershed or water source nearby. I looked at ways to increase residents’ awareness of their local watershed by highlighting sites where existing streets and pedestrian routes cross the creek. and combining them into a pedestrian network. These crossings would become important nodes that connect people to their local creek while providing opportunities for education, art, and safe pedestrian routes. 38
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