Spring semester 2022_Vaishali Odedra

Cross Programming

Unit Tutor: Aparajita Basu

Unit Assistant: Surabhi Motwani

Bachelor’s of Interior Design Spring 2022 l Faculty of Design CEPT University

First Edition

This is an academic publication outlining the details of Undergraduate L3 studio unit conducted for the students enrolled in Bachelors of Interior Design for Academic Year 2021-2022.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced in any form, including photocopy and recording without the permission in writing granted from the publishers.

Studio Team Contents

a. About the studio

• Studio Brief

• Studio Proposal

• Site

• Learning Outcomes

• Studio Timeline

b. Design Project

• Introduction of project - Strategy

• Site & SIte analysis

• Photomontages

• Presentation Drawings- part drawings - detail drawings

• Detail Models

• 3D’s

c. Design Exercises

• 50 examples

• Old City Cross Programming

• Construct

• Photomontages

• Case Studies - Adaptive Reuse

Surabhi Motwani Aparajita Basu

Ananda Krishnan Moksha Shah Vaishali Odedra

Siddharth Sharma Saylee Jain Riddhi Tiwari

a. About the studio

Problem Statement

Cross Programming is an unplanned and organic condition found in cities, often as a result of hyper-density and a layering of the built environment over time. Can this become a condition or a new methodology, carefully designed, as a means to critique existing typologies and heighten the experiential and ephemeral qualities of space?

Studio Process

This studio looked at cross programming as a condition of our crowded Indian cities and re-inserted it into interior space. In current times, when defunct mills are converted into shopping malls and houses into museums, the interchangeability, flexibility as well as fluidity of program demands a critique of the modernist adage ‘form follows function’ and an exploration of new relationships between form and function, all the while expanding the idea of function/use into a broader understanding of a program. Can the idea of cross-programming expand to include design decisions beyond only its function? Can we look at interior space-making as a combination of disparate entities or systems in the making of interior elements? Exploration of duality or plurality in its typologies through material, structure, form and colors, textures and finishes learn to respond to the situation to make a proposition.

Studio Proposal Program - The Museum + ?

The program of the museum was be developed by the student. In addition to the museum program, students selected one other function and developed it in relation to the museum keeping the physical site context in mind. Many buildings which once defined an era, have become obsolete as they are no longer in use, due to social, cultural and temporal changes. The studio was an attempt to reimagine, repurpose, re-appropriate these spaces to give it a new lease of life?

Learning Outcomes

• Identify and list projects/situations in order to describe the idea of cross-programming

• Make diagrams/constructs in order to express programmatic, structural and spatial relationships.

• Extract information from the diagrams/constructs in order to translate that into spatial planning.

• Create different forms of visual representation to evaluate the idea/position/design strategy.

• Draw constructed representations to express the final design

• Translate design into its tectonic expressions

Site

The student selected a site of their own choice. The condition was that the building must be located in an urban context. It must either be abandoned, disused or underutilized. Buildings must fall under one of the following eras.

• Historical

• Industrial

• Modern

Studio Timeline

Week 4

Week 01-04

• Understanding the ideas/concepts of Cross Programming in various fields

• Understanding & analising site

• Developing the Design Strategy

• Developing a part of the site

• Detailing out 3 Spatial Elements

• Design & structure Input sessions with Prof. VR Shah

Student Output:

• Program Brief

• PhotoMontages

• Plans / Sections / 3D / Details

Learning Outcomes:

• Ability to identify the nature of a concept

• Ability to diagram different conditions

Week 8

Week 05-08

• Program Development

• Understanding & analising site

• Developing the Design Strategy

• Developing a part of the site

• Detailing out 3 Spatial Elements

• Design & structure Input sessions with Prof. VR Shah

Student Output:

• Program Brief

• PhotoMontages

• Plans / Sections / 3D / Details

Learning Outcomes:

• Ability to explore the condition of crossprogramming through different strategies, within a Site identified as suitable for Adaptive Reuse

• Ability to identify site attributes and take design decisions accordingly

Week 13

Week 09-13

• Further Program Development

• Translating the Design Strategy into structure, form & space

• Developing another segment of the site

• Detailing out Spatial Elements

• Design & structure Input sessions with Prof. VR Shah

Student Output:

• Material Palette

• Models of Detail Junctions

• Models of Spatial Elements

• PhotoMontages

• Plans / Sections / 3D / Details

Learning Outcomes:

• Ability to develop sensibility & sensitivity while working with old structures and at the same time meticulously introducing the new structure & design

Week 14

Week 13-14

• Fine tuning the spatial elements & details to gain the required spatial quality.

• Finalizing the plans & sections

• Design development of the entire site - space planning, material usage, ambience, aesthetics

• Workshops by Mansi Shah

• PRE-FINAL Jury

Student Output:

• Plans / Sections / 3D renders / Detail

• Models of Detail Junctions

• PhotoMontages

Learning Outcomes:

• Ability to detail out the spatial elements

• Ability to understand material and aesthetics and translating the same in the space.

Week 16

b. Design Project

Children’s Play and Learn Zone

Playscape: an adaptive insert in old stock exchange building

The project “Playscape” is a children’s play and learn intervention programmed in the Old Stock Exchange building in Mahurat pol in chowk in old city. This building is an old colonial structure with various styles is marked as a heritage building. The building walls have an ornate craving in Dhangadhra stone which has a front porch with craved timber doors, framed by semicircular arches and a s segmented arch in the center. The building currently is in not in use, is severely damaged, and is encroached at the rear end. Interior spaces have an array of issues from chipping to broken windows and unsightly elements lying around. The project has 3 main design intervention.

• Clearing the extensions on east which have be added later to create a public corridor to Queens tomb and to open the east façade to its original form.

• Refurbishing the dilapidated elements in the building skin and roof

• And the final design, is adding new structural elements in interior to create a playscape keeping intact the building skin.

Elaborating the design, the playscapes are created using steel grid structure which connects different floors of original structure. Each floor plates are made up of wood interspersed with coloured glass. Various activities of play are designed at different floors using nets, slides and swings.

The intervention is an insert which opens the building to all floors and connects to the urban street connecting it to local public without touching the building’s fascade to perceive its beauty, grandeur and visual enhancement of its architectural order. The new steel grid structure with wooden floor plates and colored glass allows children to wander, to hear one’s voice and see from across and above. It allows to hop around through different levels of floors with play elements such as nets, slides and swings.

Front Elevation showing site context

Section showing site context

Rani ni Hajiro

Rani ni Hajiro

Manek chowk

Iso view showing

Existing site analysis

Section AA’

Facing Muhurta Pol - the first pole of Ahmedabad, the historical statement building recognizable by ornate craving in Dhrangadhra sandstone. It is ground +2 storied structure with stone & brick; with the staircase tower roof and rear(north) facade facing the hajiro, in timber.

Abutting the historic building to the East is the subsequent addition to the premises dated 1951 which as art-deco style windows on the top two floors & free open space between the older archways shut with grills at ground level. The top two floors essentially house a series of broker’s room with passages, creating two courtyard like spaces internally. The adjoining RCC structure to the east is also part of the premise, with global dimensions being 27x21 meters.

Original building 1992

Extention 1951

Section AA’

Ground floor plan

Exisiting staircase

Staircase crown structure

Chipped plaster revealing brick wall

Jalis blocking ways Hanging clothes blocking vision

Improper placement of stairs blocking entry

Jack arch support system

Balcony and window section

Encroachment

Intial exploration of strategy (weaving)

Intial exploration of strategy (Insert)

Exploring volumes, planes and variations for a given grid

Concept diagram - using planes at different levels creating a playful interacting spaces for kids to explore

1. Waiting area and open public space

2. Play interactive area

3. Open public area connecting rani no hajiro & planting observing workshop area

4. Toilet

5. Exhibit area

6. Library, workshop area & classroom area

Ground floor plan

Second floor plan

First floor plan

Library, classroom & workshop space

Playful interactive space

Public area connecting to intervention

Interior view 1

Interior view 2

Interior view 4

Interior view 3

c. Design Exercises through the semester

ex 01

50 Examples: Concepts & Case Studies

Exercise Intent & Brief:

This exercise helps build an understanding of the idea/concept of ‘cross-programming’ by studying examples from the subjects listed below. Students explored concepts/ideas of cross-programming by examining the connections between the parts and the combinations to form the whole.

Identify and find five examples of ‘cross-programming’ for each of the following subjects:

• Nature

• Furniture

• Object

• Style

• Interior Element

• Form

• Space

• Structure

• Material

• Utility

Learning Outcome:

To observe and identify the nature of a concept

Tree + Mushroom.

Technique of Cross Programming: Symbiotic Method of Cross Programming: Juxtapose

Breed 1 + Breed 2.

Technique of Cross Programming: Seamless Method of Cross Programming: Superimpose

Ripen potato.

Technique of Cross Programming: Parasitic Method of Cross Programming: Superimpose

Bookshelf + Coffee table.

Technique of Cross Programming: Interdependent

Method of Cross Programming: Insert assembly

Side table + Charging station.

Technique of Cross Programming: Stacking

Method of Cross Programming: Juxtapose

Table + rack.

Technique of Cross Programming: Wrapping

Method of Cross Programming: Weaving

Various tools.

Technique of Cross Programming: Fitting into

Method of Cross Programming: Intersect

Spray + Container.

Technique of Cross Programming: Connecting

Method of Cross Programming: Attached

Light + Charging station.

Technique of Cross Programming: Symbiotic

Method of Cross Programming: Attached

Technique of Cross Programming: Independent Method of Cross Programming: Juxtapose

Technique of Cross Programming: Connecting Method of Cross Programming: Intertwine

Technique of Cross Programming: Independent Method of Cross Programming: Insert

Technique of Cross Programming: Independent Method of Cross Programming: Interwine

Technique of Cross Programming: Stacking Method of Cross Programming: Insert

Technique of Cross Programming: Parasitic Method of Cross Programming: Attach

Technique of Cross Programming: Parasitic Method of Cross Programming: Juxtapose

Technique of Cross Programming: Wrapping Method of Cross Programming: Insert

Technique of Cross Programming: Independent Method of Cross Programming: Weaving

Technique of Cross Programming: Seamless Method of Cross Programming: Weaving

Technique of Cross Programming: Wrapping Method of Cross Programming: Attach

Technique of Cross Programming: Wrapping Method of Cross Programming: Insert

ex 02

OLD CITY - CROSS PROGRAMMING

Exercise Intent & Brief:

PART A

Walk-through the Walled City of Ahmedabad (or through your respective cities) and find & photograph real examples of the experience of cross-programming.

Take 20 photographs of cross programming within the walled city.

Analyse the factors that make each example possible. In the planned design of the twentieth century, form follows function. Might a contemporary response allow function to follow formal opportunity and demand? Can such parasitic occupation occur only in public or private spaces without well enforced regulations?

Conditions:

• The photos should show the interiority of the space and a human figure. (Category -Utility & Space)

• The photos could show interiority or exteriority. (CategoryStructure & Form)

PART B

Draw a plan and section of one of the cross program examples, which was photographed in the old city. The drawings do not need to be accurately scaled – though plan and section should be at the same scale as each other and should align. Draw directly from the details that you see in the photograph.

Play with drawing style and learn to communicate the spatial qualities of the found cross program. How will you convey light or shadow? How can you convey movement if your cross program is temporary or has moveable parts or participants?

STRUCTURE

ZOROASTRIAN IS ONE OF THE world’s oldest religions, and Zoroastrians—often called dar-e mehr in Persian–the religion’s worshippers. One unique aspect of the Zoroastrian religion is the use of fire in their temples, which are seen as symbolic of the divinity.

Located in Mumbai this historic old parsi fire temple has a later on addition of steel structure staircase blocking the side elevation to fulfill the requirement.

Cross Crogramming in structure

Diagram

Section

This old building located in colaba, mumbai has unique form, a cylindrical tower rests on top of building and it;s structural members coming all the way down insertion happening in the building.

Cross Crogramming in form

Diagram

CHAWL, located in busy streets of Central and South Mumbai, overshadowed by the skyscrapers are low-rise housing units that lie almost in shambles, lining some of the most sought-after areas of the city. Chawls, or “chaalis” as they are vernacularly known.

They are built around a courtyard, which also serves as an important cultural element. These courtyards were used for a wide range of activities such as washing of clothes and vessels, holding community meetings, celebrating festivals and even wedding functions were held here. Cultural activities like Tamashas and Dashavatars were also regularly performed here. The rooftops were also used by children on a daily basis to play sports and games.

Cross Crogramming in space & utility Diagram

ex 03

CONSTRUCT MAKING

Exercise Intent & Brief :

Through the construct, represent the strategy for cross programming derived from your drawing / diagram for structure (Refer EX 02).

You can use the following items for your construct:

• Toothpicks/Bamboo Skewers

• Ice Cream Sticks

• Rubber bands

• All kinds of pins (U-pins, safety pins, hair pins etc)

• Paper tubes (amazon link given below)

• Any Board (optional)

• Ribbons/Rope/Thread

• Origami / Paper

• Any wire

• Small pipes (optional)

• Nuts and bolts

• Fabric (optional)

• Cycle spokes (you can use any hardware)

• Wooden blocks (jenga / customized)

The strategy has to be cross programmed through the modeling of both the structural systems and their method of combinations.

The forces should be modeled (tension, compression, bending) as per the understanding from the selected example.

The construct should be around 300mm x 300mm x 300mm (minimum) to 450 mm x 450 mm x 450 mm (maximum) in size.

The relationship should remain as clearly structured as it was in your diagrams.

ex 04

CASE STUDIES - ADAPTIVE REUSE

Exercise Intent & Brief:

Identify five interior design field examples on adaptive reuse. In terms of program/use, two of the examples can be buildings adapted into museums, while the remaining three could be any other.

Exercise Output:

Fill the matrices with analytical diagrams of design decisions taken by the designer for each project identified by you.

Provide the following details for the chosen project:

• Project name, location, designer name, year of completion

• What was the previous use?

• What is the history of the building?

• What is the strategy used by the designer to navigate between the old and the new?

While looking for examples, try and find projects which provide sufficient information to answer the following questions. Examine and identify from each of the selected projects, the strategy and its corresponding design decisions.

• What is the relationship between the old and the new?

• What role does material play in expressing and creating identity?

• How does the old form and structure influence the new form and structure?

• Where is it situated and what’s happening around it? What is the context and the relationship between the inside and outside.

Learning Outcome specific to Adaptive Reuse Projects

• Examining the role of the Interior design field and the designer .

• Learning a method of analysis .

• Identifying strategies through design decisions.

• Defining and interpreting various terminologies used as

Enclosed

Project Details:

Name:

Former Pobre Diablo Cultural Factory

Designed by: Daniel Moreno Flores, Santiago Vaca Jaramillo

Year of completiosn: 2019

Previous Use: Patrimonial house

History Initially it was a Moca coffee factory (1950), then a cultural fabric (2000-2017), currently a co-working space, a gallery and a restaurant.

Designer respected the original structure and added metallic elements to create spaces and strengthen the original structure

by a roof of glass, celebrating and exposing the skeletal structure beneath. Overhead this greenhouse-like assembly is a suspended, secondary roof of corrugated steel — a memory of the historic context.

Roofs were opened up to bring in the light and in a way context trees are not disturbed. Spaces were digged in to create and not disturbing the existing old trees.

Hanging metal elements were created to make additional spaces.

Connecting vertical circulation on each level is added in the courtyard to fulfill the functional program requirement.

Atmosphere of contrast between the material quality of the brick, the metallic structure of the vertical and horizontal circulations, and the contemporary concrete.

Old building wasn’t touched, whereas additional wing was matched to context but a contrast contemporary insertion was added which was barely visible from outside

The round rim of the timber parapets facing the atrium was made with layers of sound absorbent material.

Front facade and back wall were preserved from old structure and additional separating walls were created resulting into courtyard.

Main facade, using natural light both from the street and through the new patio, and a second building built in the place of the old garden were resultant of ventilation.

Project Details:

Name: Republica Building

Designed by

MSRAA - Martin Schmidt Radic Arquitectos

Asociados

Year of completiosn: 2021

Previous Use: Apartment building

History:

Additional 2 levels of underground spaces were created to fulfill the functional program requirement.

In 2016 a devastating fire left in ruins an old house of declared Historic Conservation located on the traditional Av. República in the historic center of Santiago.

Parasite added on two wings of building to level the roof which was down 2 floors below in 2004. Insertion of atrium within the courtyard leaving most of building facade untouched in 2004

Insertion is completely independent struction suspended within the inner courtyard and supported against its walls at just four point

Project Details:

Name: Law library, University of Zurich

Designed by: Santiago Calatrava

Year of completiosn: 2004

Previous Use: old college preparatory high school

The building is connected throughout 7 floors by escalator which runs throughout the floors of library.

History Fietz’s original L-shaped building dates from 1908 and was designed as a chemistry laboratory. 20 years later, it was complemented with a further addition, creating a central courtyard.

The Swiss architects created exhibition spaces in the restored historic buildings and the grottolike underground spaces.

Rock fragments from the excavation process were processed and mixed with sand from the Flüela Pass river to form the terrazzo flooring within the galleries.

Addition rests on top of back of building which was damaged due to lightning creating additional space as per programmatic requirement.

A white-mesh structure that forms a new staircase and elevated walkway topped by a skylight. The intervention delicately contrasts surrounding stained brickwork to wrap around an open area.

Rooms are arranged around the original central cooling tower, which was extended four metres into the ground to create a total height of 17 metres.

They created a tunnel to connect 3 buildings on the site.

One of the performing spaces is located in a room with brickwork walls and arched windows, while the ceiling is painted bright white to contrast darker details.

Addition of elevation & a block of space at the back building to connect the old and new.

Project Details:

Name: Museum Susch

Designed by Schmidlin Architekten + LUVO ARCHITEKTEN

Year of completiosn: 2018

Previous Use: Monastery & brewery

Grotto-like underground spaces were created to display various exhibition and to increase the area to fulfil the program requirement.

History: Monastery that was established in 1157 on a sloping site next to a river in the Engadin valley, which is on the route of the ancient pilgrimage from Rome to Santiago de Compostela.

Hanging element from ceiling without disturbing the structure is intended to represent a 3D-drawing of the surrounding space including the archways.

Project Details:

Name: MuseumLab

Designed by: KoningEizenberg Architecture

Year of completiosn: 2018

Previous Use: US public library

History

Opening in 1890, library fell into disrepair after lightning struck the clock tower and caused a three-ton piece of granite to crash through roof, and closed in 2006.

ex 05

Photomontage

Exercise Intent & Brief:

Identifying a Strategy of Adaptive Reuse through Crossprogramming in the Site Site - The Photograph

The student should choose one photograph of the selected building that represents the site quality and attributes in the best way possible. This photograph then becomes the site for the duration of this exercise. The Site is seen as an outcome of its volume; understand the site through some of its attributes listed below.

• Proportion

• Movement

• Scale

• Composition

• Alignments

• Amount of light/dark

• Architectural Elements

This exercise aims to identify the most appropriate strategy for ‘adaptive reuse through cross-programming’ in the selected site. Photomontage is used as a medium of representation to record the nascent site[photograph] impressions into three distinct proposals using three different strategies derived from previous exercises and case studies. (for example insert, interwoven or superimposition)

The Technique:

We experience our built environment and then draw from it. This visual information received, then helps in the imagination and creation of three dimensional space. To express and communicate our ideas and designs, we use the visual medium of representation. The history of visual representation has been evolving towards an attempt to capture as real an experience of the built environment as possible, such as the current 3D hyper realistic renders generated by computer softwares.

Photomontage was one such medium developed in the mid nineteenth century, where a subject was introduced into an existing photograph. The photograph expressed the truth or the ‘real’ while the introduced subject was the ‘imagined’. The principle of this technique was an image composed of cutout pieces of different origins, all combined to create a photo montage layered using techniques such as superimposition or juxtaposition over the original. The resultant images were called ‘composite’ or ‘combination’ prints. Hence the photomontage has been chosen as an appropriate form of visual representation for this studio which focuses on cross-programming in an adaptive reuse project, which is a combinative composite condition.

Specific to this exercise, this technique of representation is done by drawing over the Site[Photograph], and adding the necessary information to convey the details of the design strategy. The desired result can be achieved through the making of some elements, composing some elements with other elements, using light in a way that impacts the perception of the user, and how the finishes, colours, textures add to its ambience. Each photomontage should clearly express the design decisions taken.

Learning Outcomes

• Ability to explore the condition of cross-programming through different strategies, within a Site identified as suitable for Adaptive Reuse

• Ability to identify site attributes and take design decisions accordingly

• Ability to represent ideas through the medium of photomontages

• Ability to work with the constraints of the photograph as the site and work towards developing an interior language.