Van den Berk On Trees by Van den Berk Nurseries

Contents Colophon

Introduction 4

VA N D E N B E R K O N T R E E S I S A

Foreword 8

P U B L I C AT I O N B Y: B O O M K W E K E R I J G E B R . VA N D E N B E R K B .V. DONDERDONK 4, 5 4 9 2 V J S I N T- O E D E N R O D E , THE NETHERLANDS DENDROLOGICAL EDITING:

The compilers of the book

About Van den Berk Nurseries

References 20 Choice of species

Planting sites

Unloading large trees

ISBN: 9789491799051

Planting instructions and aftercare

SECOND EDITION, 2015

Deciduous Trees

N O T H I N G M AY B E R E P R O D U C E D F R O M

Conifers 824

RONALD HOUTMAN TEXT EDITING: B O O M K W E K E R I J G E B R . VA N D E N B E R K B .V. P HOTO GR A P H Y: S EE PAGE 10 2 6 DESIGN: SCHERPONTWERP P R I N T: L E C T U R I S B .V.

T H I S P U B L I C AT I O N W I T H O U T T H E P R I O R WRITTEN PERMISSION OF THE PUBLISHER.

Winter-Hardiness 948

ÂŠ BOOMKWEKERIJ GEBR.

Honey plants

958

Trees for the future

962

VA N D E N B E R K B .V. 2 0 1 5 Warning: Trees are living entities that do not obey fixed rules. Boomkwekerij Gebr. Van den Berk B.V. has attempted to assemble the information in this book as meticulously as possible without claiming this to have been exhaustive. The use and/or interpretation of the information included herein is made, nevertheless, entirely at the discretion of the reader, with respect to which use and/or interpretation, Van den Berk accepts no liability whatsoever.

Synonyms 966 Common name index

970

Searching System

980

Photography 1026 Bibliography 1028

Introduction

“The best time to plant a tree was 20 years ago. The second best time is now.” – A Chinese Proverb and one of my favourite quotes that has inspired me to invest my entire career in arboriculture and dendrology; trees and particularly tree planting. The planting and establishment of any species of tree, of any size, in any location is a huge investment for the future in terms of time and resources and the opportunity must never be missed. The legacy left by any tree planter for the next generation is a huge one, no matter how large or small the planting stock and the importance of making this a success providing a worthy, healthy specimen for all to cherish and enjoy cannot be underestimated. We are all aware of the many benefits that trees provide for us in our daily lives, but occasionally it’s good to remind ourselves, as we more often than not take them for granted failing to give them the respect that they so rightfully deserve; trees provide clean air and water, carbon sequestration, regulate air temperature, support biodiversity by providing habitats, they are a source of food and medicine, they increase property value and help personal well being. These are but a few, but for me one of the most important benefits and pleasures are the aesthetic attributes that every different species and cultivar of tree gives to us through the four seasons. Space is valuable and I am a believer in making the most of opportunities and every tree that I plant either at Kew or in private gardens needs to be a “hard working” tree; that means it must tick several boxes of scientific or horticultural attributes throughout the year such as attractive flower or fruit, coloured or fissured bark, unusual leaf shape and autumn colour, so our general knowledge and understanding of each species is vital to ensure the correct tree selection. We only have “one go at it” and must ensure that we plant the right tree in the right place, thinking ahead - well ahead; how much space will it need and what the ideal soil conditions will be for the ambient conditions

to ensure successful and healthy growth and development? Putting the right tree in the right place will provide pleasure and enjoyment; reduce the need for potential, future pruning work or prevent removal when in its prime of life. We have no excuse today for getting it wrong but have every reason to get it right. There are books, many books on the subject with a wealth of information to help us make that right decision, but some books make it easy for us and the original copy of this book, Van den Berk on Trees does just that, with information and images that whet the appetite and steer the tree planter towards the correct selection. It graces the “everyday shelf” in my library sitting alongside other respected authors of renowned tree books like Gerd Krussman, Ernest Henry Wilson and William Jackson Bean. We never stop learning whether it’s by experience, accident or reading and this new edition of Van den Berk on Trees with an increased number of new taxa added to the existing comprehensive list will be one such work that will help us increase our knowledge of the tree world making everyday tree selection for amateurs and professionals alike a “Walk in the Park.” Tony Kirkham Head of the Arboretum, Gardens and Horticultural Services Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew

E V E RY S O C IE T Y N E E D S IN D I V ID UA L S W H O W IL L G O O N P L A N T IN G M A N G O T R E ES W I T H O U T T HIN K IN G W H E T H E R T H E Y W IL L G E T TO E AT T H E F R U I T O R N OT.

S A D H G U R U J A G G I VA S U D E V

Fagus Fagaceae Fagus sylvatica ‘Rohan Gold’

Fagus sylvatica ‘Rohan Gold’ grows in a compact way and has a round crown. Height circa 14 - 16 m. The leaf unfolds in bright yellow colours and turns to light green soon. This ‘prevents’ the tree from scorching. The leaf is oblongovate, moderately to deeply dissected with rounded lobes and 4 - 7 cm in size. The inconspicuous inflorescence is followed by 1- 2 cm large nutlets. This crossing between ‘Rohanii’ and ‘Zlatia’ was introduced by Arboretum Trompenburg (Rotterdam, NL) in 1973. Winter hardiness zone: 5b

342

343

Fagus sylvatica ‘Rohan Obelisk’

Fagus sylvatica ‘Rohan Obelisk’ is a straight upright going tree that was selected from seedlings of ‘Dawyck’, presumably pollinated by ‘Rohanii’. This tree has a more compact habit than ‘Rohanii’ and has the columnar habit of ‘Dawyck’. Height circa 12 - 14 cm. The dark brown-red leaves are narrow and irregularly dissected and have rounded lobes. Size 4 - 10 cm. Inconspicuous inflorescence followed by nuts. Suitable as a park tree and a solitary. Prefers not too wet, well-drained soil, rich in humus content. Moderate wind resistance. Winter hardiness zone: 5b

Fagus sylvatica ‘Rotundifolia’

HEIGHT

12 - 15 m at first (narrow) pyramidal, later ovoid B A R K A N D B R A N C H E S grey, smooth bark L E A F round, dark green, Ø 1.5 - 4 cm F L O W E R S small inconspicuous flower catkins, May F R U I T S nuts, in bristled husk, 1 - 2 cm A P P L I C A T I O N park tree, solitary S O I L T Y P E well-drained, high humus content, not too wet W I N D R E S I S T A N C E moderate O R I G I N Jackman, England, 1872 W I N T E R H A R D I N E S S Z O N E 5b CROWN

Fagus sylvatica ‘Rohan Trompenburg’

Fagus sylvatica ‘Rohan Trompenburg’ is a seedling from ‘Rohanii’. Height 10 - 15 m, shape of crown is round. The brown-red leaf is oblong-ovate and moderately to deeply dissected with rounded lobes. With regard to its leaf ‘Rohan Trompenburg’ resembles ‘Rohanii’, but it grows distinctly stronger. Sometimes the leaf assumes the shape of ‘Grandidentata’. The leaf unfolds bright red, slightly sooner than F. sylvatica, leaf size 4 - 10 cm. Also the second shoot is strikingly red coloured. Park tree or solitary. Winter hardiness zone: 5b

Fagus sylvatica ‘Rohanii’

A rather slow-growing tree with a pyramidal crown. Young specimen start with a slender habit, but with age the crown becomes more spreading because of its more spreading branches. Eventually it attains an ovoid crown with a maximum height of circa 15 m. The soft bark is smooth and grey. The shiny dark-green leaves are almost round and distinctly smaller than of the species, only 1.5 - 4 cm across. The autumn colour is yellow brown. The tree has an inflorescence with inconspicuous flower catkins. These are followed by 1 - 2 cm large nuts in bristled husks, only with age does the tree bear profusely. ‘Rotundifolia’ is applied as a park tree and a solitary. It prospers best in not too wet, well-drained soil, high in humus content. Moderate wind resistance.

Fagus sylvatica ‘Rohanii’ is a relatively small beech with a compact round crown. Due to its slow growth it does not get taller than 12 - 14 m. The dark red-brown leaf unfolds bright red. It is oblong-ovate, irregular, moderately to deeply dissected with rounded lobes and unfolds circa one week earlier than F. sylvatica. The size of the leaf is 4 - 8 cm. Inconspicuous inflorescence followed by nutlets. Park tree or solitary. Prefers not too wet, well-drained soil, rich in humus content. Moderate wind resistance. Winter hardiness zone: 5b

Fagus sylvatica ‘Rotundifolia’

442

Liriodendron

443

Magnoliaceae Tulip Tree, Tulpenboom, Tulipier, Tulpenbaum The name Liriodendron is composed of the Greek words ‘lirion’, which means lily, and ‘dendron’, which means tree. The comparison of the trees’ flowers with those of the lily was decisive in the scientific naming of the genus. Internationally, the majority of common names given to it have settled on ‘tulip tree’. A comparison of its leaves and flowers with the flower of the tulip has also been recorded in the species name of the most important species within this genus: Liriodendron tulipifera. During the American Civil War (1861 - 1865), Liriodendron tulipifera became a symbol of freedom and examples of this tree were planted in many towns and cities. It is an important source of timber in the United States. Since its wood does not shrink after processing, it is used a lot for musical instruments, such as pianos and organs.

ORIGIN

North America, China SPECIES

2 F E AT U R E S

flowers, leaf shape

Maackia Fabaceae

448

449

Maackia amurensis

Amur Maackia, Maackia de l’Amour, Amur-Maackia

HEIGHT

8 - 12 m round to wide umbel-shaped B A R K A N D B R A N C H E S slightly peeling, brown bark L E A F odd-pinnate, 7 - 11 leaflets, bright green, 20 - 30 cm F L O W E R S erect racemes, (yellow) white, July/August F R U I T S flat pod, 3 - 6 cm long A P P L I C A T I O N park tree S O I L T Y P E high in humus content and well-drained W I N D R E S I S T A N C E moderate O R I G I N Manchuria, Korea and Japan W I N T E R H A R D I N E S S Z O N E 5a CROWN

An uncommon tree with an open, round crown, becoming wide umbel-shaped later. Native to East Asia. The tree has been grown in Europe for some time and is appreciated because of its decorative foliage and flower. The mature bark is slightly peeling. The large leaf consists of 7 to 11 ovate leaflets, each 5 - 8 cm long. When unfolding the leaf is strikingly silver-grey haired. The underside remains hairy. The white flowers, each almost 1 cm, are arranged in erect racemes that are 10 - 15 cm long. The flat pods that can reach 3 - 6 cm, appear in autumn. In spite of the reliable hardiness, the Maackia amurensis prefers a sheltered site.

Maackia amurensis

450

Maclura Moraceae

451

Maclura pomifera

Osage orange, Hedge apple, Bowwood, Osagedoorn, Oranger des Osages, Bois d’Arc, Osagedorn

HEIGHT

10 - 15 (20) m wide spreading to round B A R K A N D B R A N C H E S bark orange brown to grey brown, twigs olive green, spines L E A F ovoid to ovate, dark green, 4 - 15 cm F L O W E R S inconspicuous, green, dioecious, June F R U I T S yellow green to orange yellow warty fruit, Ø 8 - 14 cm A P P L I C A T I O N parks and public gardens S O I L T Y P E fertile, calcareous W I N D R E S I S T A N C E moderate O R I G I N south (west) United States W I N T E R H A R D I N E S S Z O N E 6b CROWN

Maclura pomifera

Maclura is monotypical genus, which means that there is only one species and it grows in the wild in the southwest of the United States. It is named after the Osage-indians because they used the wood of this tree for, among other things, bows and arrows. The crown is wide and more or less flattened. The branches have sharp spines, which is why it is much used for hedging in North America. There are various leaf shapes, however, the top is always long acuminate, the autumn colouring is yellow. It is a dioecious tree; there are female and male specimen. The inconspicuous inflorescence is followed by fragrant fruits that slightly resemble oranges. The warty fruit skin is green yellow at first, but turns orange yellow later.

Tilia Malvaceae

784

Tilia tomentosa ‘Brabant’

A Dutch cultivar with a tight, broadly conical crown with a pointed top. ‘Brabant’ has a good, straight main branch with upwards-slanting branches that are sturdier than those of the species. Height 20 - 25 m, width up to approx. 15 m. The smooth trunk is dark grey; young twigs are greenish grey and felt-like. The leaves are more or less round, dark matt green with a remarkably thick white felty underside. In the autumn they turn light yellow and stay on the tree for a long time. In July, pendulous umbels of strongly aromatic flowers appear. ‘Brabant’ is used often thanks to its uniform manner of growth. Fairly unsusceptible to aphids. Winter hardiness zone: 6a

Tilia tomentosa ‘Pendula’

Tilia tomentosa ‘Doornik’

An old Belgian cultivar with a broad, ovoid crown that is not as tight as that of ‘Brabant’. ‘Doornik’ has a good, straight main branch on which upwardsslanting branches grow. Height approx. 25 m, width approx. 15 m. The smooth trunk is dark grey; young twigs are greenish grey and felt-like. The leaves are more or less round, dark matt green with a remarkably thick white felty underside. In the autumn they turn light yellow and stay on the tree for a long time. In July, pendulous umbels of strongly aromatic flowers appear. ‘Doornik’ is used often as a city tree thanks to its uniform manner of growth. Fairly unsusceptible to aphids. Winter hardiness zone: 6a

Tilia tomentosa Sterling Silver (‘Wandell’)

785

Tilia tomentosa ‘Szeleste’

A Hungarian cultivar with a strongly ascending manner of growth and a narrow ovoid crown that becomes broader later. Height 20 - 25 m, width up to approx. 15 m. The smooth trunk is dark grey; young twigs are greenish grey and felt-like. The leaves are more or less round, and the top is darker green than those of the species, while the underside is more intensely white and felt-like. In the autumn they turn light yellow and stay on the tree for a long time. In July, strongly aromatic flowers appear. ‘Szeleste’ is used often as an avenue and street tree thanks to its uniform, relatively narrow manner of growth. Fairly unsusceptible to aphids. Winter hardiness zone: 6a

Tilia tomentosa ‘Varsaviensis’

Pendent silver linden, Hangende zilverlinde, Hongaarse zilverlinde A tree with an ascending manner of growth with hanging lateral branches, with particularly the young, limp twigs hanging down. Height 20 - 30 m, width approx. 12 m. Very suitable as a solitary tree in parks. Young twigs are greenish grey and have felt-like hair but are soon bare and green. The leaves are more or less round, darker green than those of the species and have a remarkably thick white felty underside. The leaf stem is often twice as long as that of the species, causing the leaves to move a great deal when the wind blows. They turn yellow and remain on the tree long into the autumn. In July, aromatic flowers appear. Fairly unsusceptible to aphids. Winter hardiness zone: 6a

An American cultivar that grows more loosely and smaller than the species does. Height 12 - 15 m, width up to approx. 10 m. ‘Wandell’ has a good straight main branch on which upwards-slanting branches grow, thus forming a completely symmetrical crown. The smooth trunk is dark grey and the young twigs are greenish grey and felt-like. The leaves are more or less round, dark matt green with a remarkably thick white felty underside. The autumn colour is light yellow. In July, aromatic flowers appear. Its uniform manner of growth makes ‘Wandell’ very suitable for wide avenues, verges and parks. Fairly unsusceptible to aphids. Winter hardiness zone: 6a

A Polish cultivar with a fairly narrow, pyramidal crown. The tree has a good, straight main branch on which upwards-slanting branches grow. Height 20 - 25 m, width approx. 8 - 10 m. The smooth trunk is dark grey; young twigs are greenish grey and felt-like. The leaves are more or less round, dark matt green with a remarkably thick white felty underside. In the autumn they turn light yellow and stay on the tree for a long time. In July, pendulous umbels of strongly aromatic flowers appear. ‘Varsaviensis’ is a good avenue and street tree thanks to its uniform, relatively narrow manner of growth. Fairly unsusceptible to aphids. Winter hardiness zone: 6a

Tilia tomentosa

Quercus Fagaceae

Quercus pontica

660

Quercus pubescens

Armenian oak, Pontine oak, Pontische eik, Chêne d’Arménie, Armenische Eiche, Pontische Eiche HEIGHT

4-6m

C R O W N round

BARK AND BRANCHES

brownish-grey, grooved, twigs yellowish-green obovate to oval, roughly lobed, green, 15 - 20 cm F L O W E R S gold coloured slim ♂ catkins, 15 - 20 cm long, May F R U I T S elongated ovoid acorn, 2 - 3.5 cm A P P L I C A T I O N park and small garden S O I L T Y P E fertile, moist and loamy W I N D R E S I S T A N C E moderate O R I G I N Caucasus, Turkey W I N T E R H A R D I N E S S Z O N E 6a LEAF

Occurs on moist hillsides in Turkey and the Caucasus and grows into a large shrub or multi-trunked tree. Often grown in the cultivated state as a small single-trunked tree. The bark on old trunks and lateral branches fissures irregularly and causes loose bark plates to detach. The large angular winter buds are a very remarkable feature. The large leathery leaves are obovate to oval, with regular serrations and are green with a bluish-green underside. They are 15 - 20 cm long and 6 - 10 cm wide. The flowers, pendulous catkins, are remarkable. The elongated ovoid acorns are approx. 2 - 3.5 cm long and one-third to one-quarter enclosed in the cupule, the latter being covered with contiguous felt-like scales. Quercus pontica is a decorative tree for parks and small gardens. Prefers a warm and sunny site.

HEIGHT

Downy oak, Zachte eik, Zachtharige eik, Chêne pubescent, Chêne blanc, Flaum-Eiche, Weichharige Eiche

12 - 16 (20) m oval, later round B A R K A N D B R A N C H E S grey, cork-like grooves, young twigs covered with soft felt-like hairs L E A F obovate to elliptical, green, 5 - 10 cm F L O W E R S gold-coloured ♂ catkins, May F R U I T S ovoid acorns in groups of up to four, 1.5 - 2 cm long A P P L I C A T I O N park tree S O I L T Y P E calcareous and loamy, somewhat moist W I N D R E S I S T A N C E good O R I G I N central and southern Europe, Caucasus and Asia Minor W I N T E R H A R D I N E S S Z O N E 6a CROWN

Occurs naturally in warm sunny regions on moist calcareous mountainsides. There it sometimes attains a height of up to 20 m. When cultivated, Q. pubescens is grafted onto Q. robur and remains smaller. The grey trunk has deep cork-like grooves. The buds and young twigs are covered in soft felt-like hairs. The leaves vary in shape: obovate to elliptical. Length 5 - 10 cm, width 3 - 5 cm. The underside of the leaf is also covered in soft hairs. The leaves are irregular, mostly with shallow lobes. The lobes are sometimes rounded off bluntly, sometimes pointed. The leaves somewhat resemble those of Q. robur but remain considerably smaller. The acorns are grouped in twos and fours and are half enclosed by the cupule; the latter is covered with contiguous scales that carry felt-like hairs.

661

Quercus pyrenaica

Quercus pyrenaica ‘Pendula’

Pyrenean oak, Pyreneese eik, Bergeik, Chêne tauzin, Chêne brosse, Spanische Eiche, Pyrenäen-Eiche HEIGHT

10 - 15 m ovoid to vase-shaped B A R K A N D B R A N C H E S grey, grooved, thin pendulous twigs L E A F obovate to elongated, green, 10 - 18 cm F L O W E R S gold-coloured ♂ catkins, May F R U I T S elongated ovoid acorns, in bundles of 2 to 5, Ø 1,5 – 2.5 cm A P P L I C A T I O N park tree S O I L T Y P E calcareous, loamy sandy soils W I N D R E S I S T A N C E good O R I G I N southern Europe, Morocco W I N T E R H A R D I N E S S Z O N E 6b

HEIGHT

In southern Europe and Morocco this tree grows into a bushy shrub to small tree with a twisted trunk and low branches. Often grown in the cultivated state as a small single-trunked tree. The crown is half-open and irregular in shape. Young twigs are grey and downy, later smooth and olive-green. They are thin and pendulous. The leaves vary in size: 10 - 18 cm long and 3.5 - 10 cm wide. Both sides are yellowish-grey and covered with felt-like hairs. The hairs are retained on the underside. The leaf edge is deeply pinnately incised and the lobes have blunt serrations. The acorns are grouped in twos and fours and are elongated ovoid. They are half enclosed in the cupule, the latter being covered with long contiguous scales bearing felt-like hairs. This is a tree for a warm, sunny, sheltered site.

This weeping variety of Q. pyrenaica grows to be a broad tree with very pendulous branches. The crown is half-open. The thin twigs are grey and downy, later smooth and olive-green. The leaves vary in size: 10 - 18 cm long and 3.5 - 10 cm wide. They are covered with yellowish-green felt-like hairs on both sides. The underside remains hairy. The lobes are narrower than those of the species and mostly very deeply incised. The leaves are a somewhat paler green than those of the species. The elongated ovoid acorns are grouped in twos and fours and are half enclosed by the cupule; the latter is covered with long contiguous scales that carry felt-like hairs. Some believe that ‘Pendula’ is a natural variety and wild populations of Q. pyrenaica do include trees with an emphatic weeping shape.

CROWN

6 - 10 m broad weeping B A R K A N D B R A N C H E S grey, grooved, thin pendulous twigs L E A F obovate to elongated, green, 10 - 18 cm F L O W E R S gold-coloured ♂ catkins, late June F R U I T S elongated ovoid acorns, in bundles of 2 to 5, Ø 1.5 - 2.5 cm A P P L I C A T I O N park tree S O I L T Y P E calcareous, loamy sandy soils W I N D R E S I S T A N C E moderate O R I G I N Netherlands, 1876 W I N T E R H A R D I N E S S Z O N E 6b CROWN

624

Quercus Fagaceae

625

Quercus cerris

Turkey oak, Mossy oak, Moss-cupped oak, Moseik, Turkse eik, Chêne chevelu de Bourgogne, Doucier, Chêne Lombard, Zerr Eiche, Türkische Eiche

HEIGHT

20 - 30 (35) m broad spherical, later rounded B A R K A N D B R A N C H E S almost black, rough, young twigs greyish-brown to greyish-green L E A F elongated to oval, lobed to deeply incised, 6 - 12 cm, green F L O W E R S gold coloured ♂ catkins, 5 - 6 cm long, May F R U I T S acorns 2.5 - 3 cm long, single to four grouped together A P P L I C A T I O N parks and avenues S O I L T Y P E preferably calcareous W I N D R E S I S T A N C E good O R I G I N Southern and Central Europe, Asia Minor W I N T E R H A R D I N E S S Z O N E 6a CROWN

A sturdy tree with a broad, spherical, later rounded crown usually with an ascending main trunk with heavy crown branches. The trunk is roughly grooved with long bark plates. Young twigs are greyish and felt-like, angular at the top. The buds have downy hairs and moss-like stipules. The dark green leathery leaves vary in shape, usually elongated to oval. They are rough on the upper side, bare on the underside, and have 4 to 9 pairs of shallow to very deep lobes. The autumn colour is yellowish-brown. The leaves remain on the tree until deep into the winter. The acorns are half enclosed in the cupule that is thickly covered with narrow scales; these are turned backwards at the top and have thick grey hairs. The tree is an important producer of timber. It is sensitive to cracks caused by frost but insensitive to mildew.

Quercus cerris

Quercus Fagaceae

626

627

Quercus cerris ‘Argenteovariegata’

Quercus cerris ‘Curly Head’

Quercus cerris ‘Marvellous’

Quercus cerris ‘Summer Veil’

HEIGHT

15 - 20 m broad spherical, later rounded B A R K A N D B R A N C H E S almost black, rough, young twigs greyish-brown to greyish-green L E A F elongated to oval, 6 - 12 cm, green with a creamy white edge F L O W E R S gold coloured ♂ catkins, 5 - 6 cm long, May F R U I T S acorns 2.5 - 3 cm long, single to four grouped together A P P L I C A T I O N parks and avenues S O I L T Y P E preferably calcareous W I N D R E S I S T A N C E good O R I G I N before 1864 W I N T E R H A R D I N E S S Z O N E 6a CROWN

A sturdy tree with a broad, spherical, later rounded crown usually with an ascending main trunk with heavy crown branches. The trunk is roughly grooved with long bark plates. Young twigs are greyish and felt-like, angular at the top. The buds have downy hairs and moss-like stipules. The leathery leaves vary in shape, usually elongated to oval. They are rough on the upper side, bare on the underside, and have 4 to 9 shallow to very deep lobes. ‘Argenteovariegata’ is distinguished from the species in that its leaves have a wide, irregular, cream-coloured edge. Sometimes creamy patches occur or the creamy-white edge extends to the central vein. The leaves remain on the tree until deep into winter. The fruits are the same as those of the species. Sensitive to cracks caused by frost but insensitive to mildew.

CROWN

4-5m broad ovoid

B A R K A N D B R A N C H E S twigs grey-brown to grey-green, felt-like, bark almost black, roughly grooved L E A F elongated to oval, shallow lobes, dark green, leaves and lobes very curled, 5 - 6 cm F L O W E R S golden-coloured ♂ catkins, 5 - 6 cm, May F R U I T S long ovoid, 2.5 - 3 cm, in groups of 1 - 4, cupule with long, narrow reflexed scales A P P L I C A T I O N narrow streets, gardens, squares S O I L T Y P E preferably limy W I N D R E S I S T A N C E good O R I G I N M.M. Bömer, Zundert, the Netherlands, 2005 W I N T E R H A R D I N E S S Z O N E 6a

Small, almost shrub-shaped tree with a slightly irregular broad ascending growth habit. Grows significantly more slowly than the species. ‘Curly Head’ is usually top grafted and reaches a height of 4 to 5 m. The leaves are smaller than the species, elongated to oval, with shallow lobes. They are very curly and the lobes are curled up too. The summer leaf is dark green and turns yellow-brown in autumn. It remains on the tree until spring. Its small size, makes it suitable for streets, residential areas and squares.

12 m broad pyramidal B A R K A N D B R A N C H E S twigs grey-brown to grey-green, felt-like, bark almost black, roughly grooved L E A F elongated to oval, pointed lobes, 6 - 12 cm F L O W E R S golden-coloured ♂ catkins, 5 - 6 cm, May F R U I T S long ovoid, 2.5 - 3 cm, in groups of 1 - 4, cupule with long, narrow reflexed scales A P P L I C A T I O N parks and avenues S O I L T Y P E preferably limy W I N D R E S I S T A N C E good W I N T E R H A R D I N E S S Z O N E 6a CROWN

Medium-size tree with a strong growth and an upright central leader. ‘Marvellous’ forms a regular pyramidal tree that spreads later. The bark is like the species, almost black and roughly grooved. The young twigs are grey and felt-like and bear light green leaves. The summer leaves are glossy dark green with pointed lobes like the species. The tree keeps its leaf until the first frost. Its regular form makes it suitable for lanes, wide green borders and verges. A very wind resistant and healthy tree. Q. cerris can also be used in industrial areas.

8 - 10 m broad conical, later round B A R K A N D B R A N C H E S twigs grey-brown to grey-green, felt-like, bark almost black, roughly grooved L E A F elongated to oval, lobes are very deeply dissected, green, 6 – 12 cm F L O W E R S golden-coloured ♂ catkins, 5 - 6 cm, May F R U I T S long ovoid, 2.5 - 3 cm, in groups of 1 - 4, cupule with long, narrow reflexed scales A P P L I C A T I O N parks S O I L T Y P E preferably limy W I N D R E S I S T A N C E good O R I G I N M.M. Bömer Tree Nursery, Zundert, The Netherlands, 1995 W I N T E R H A R D I N E S S Z O N E 6a CROWN

Medium-size tree with a slightly irregular broad conical to round crown. Grows significantly more slowly than the species and eventually remains smaller. The trunk grows less thick and the twigs are relatively thin. The most striking feature of ‘Summer Veil’ are the deeply lobed leaves. In many places the leaves are lobed up to the midrib. The pointed lobes are also roughly serrated. The leaves are green in summer, turn yellow-brown in autumn and remain dried up on the tree until deep into the winter. Bark is susceptible to cracking when there is frost. The deeply lobed leaves give the tree a lovely, fine texture. This cultivar was created as a seedling of Q. cerris and was introduced to the market by Van den Berk Nurseries, Sint-Oedenrode, the Netherlands.

Quercus Fagaceae

628

629

Quercus cerris ‘Wodan’

HEIGHT

15 m broad conical, later round B A R K A N D B R A N C H E S twigs grey-brown to grey-brown, felt-like, bark almost black, roughly grooved L E A F elongated to oval, lobes are deeply dissected, dark green, 12 - 15 cm F L O W E R S golden-coloured ♂ catkins, 5 - 6 cm, May F R U I T S long ovoid, 2.5 - 3 cm, in groups of 1 - 4, cupule with long, narrow reflexed scales A P P L I C A T I O N parks S O I L T Y P E preferably limy W I N D R E S I S T A N C E good O R I G I N Before 1996 W I N T E R H A R D I N E S S Z O N E 6a CROWN

Medium-size tree with a regular broad conical to round crown. With its height of around 15 m, significantly larger than ‘Summer Veil’. The bark of the trunk and the heavy main branches is black-brown and roughly grooved with long bark plates. The young twigs are grey and felt-like. The leaves are elongated to oval with deeply dissected lobes. They are deeply dissected, but not up to the midrib as is the case with ‘Summer Veil’. The lobes are also not as narrow and less deeply serrated. In summer the leaf is dark green, turning dark yellow in autumn. The deeply lobed leaves and regular crown give the tree a striking texture. The acorns are semi-enclosed by the cupule that is densely covered with long, narrow grey-haired scales with reflexed tips. A good, healthy tree.

Quercus cerris

Nyssa Nyssaceae

514

515

Nyssa sylvatica

Black tupelo, Black gum, Zwarte tupeloboom, Tupélo noir, Wald Tupelobaum

HEIGHT

15 - 25 m broad pyramidal to broad ovoid B A R K A N D B R A N C H E S trunk dark grey and grooved, twigs greenish brown L E A F inverse ovoid to oval, dark green, 5 - 12 cm F L O W E R S unremarkable, greenish, April/May F R U I T S ovoid drupe, dark blue, Ø 0.9 - 1.5 cm A P P L I C A T I O N park tree, solitary S O I L T Y P E preferably loamy, not too dry W I N D R E S I S T A N C E moderate O R I G I N central and eastern USA as far south as north-eastern Mexico W I N T E R H A R D I N E S S Z O N E 5a CROWN

This tree naturally occurs in swampy areas in the eastern regions of North America. But it can also grow to become a tall tree in less moist areas. The broad, pyramidal crown is formed by branches that later hang straight down. This eventually produces a broad, ovoid, almost round crown. Crown width approx. 12 m. Young branches have round lenticels. The glossy leaves are oval to inverse ovoid. They have a smooth edge, sometimes slightly lobed with the top of the leaf tapering to a point. The tree has become well-loved thanks to its autumn colour. In the autumn, the tree is especially lovely, decked out in dark red, orange and sometimes yellow tints. The colour depends on the type of soil. The roots grow very deeply, making the tree difficult to transplant.

Nyssa sylvatica ‘Autumn Cascades’

Nyssa sylvatica ‘Red Red Wine’

HEIGHT

12 m broad, weeping B A R K A N D B R A N C H E S twigs greenish brown, bark dark grey, grooved L E A F obovate to oval, glossy dark green, 7 - 15 cm F L O W E R S inconspicuous, greenish, April/May F R U I T S ovoid drupe, dark blue, Ø 0.9 - 1.5 cm A P P L I C A T I O N parks, solitary S O I L T Y P E prefers loamy soil, not too dry W I N D R E S I S T A N C E moderate W I N T E R H A R D I N E S S Z O N E 5a CROWN

Nice weeping shape of black tupelo whose branches arch gracefully even when young. The glossy dark green leaves are obovate to oval. At 7 to 15 cm they are significantly larger than the species. In autumn they turn deep yellow and orange to scarlet over a period of weeks. The autumn colour partly depends on the soil type in which the tree stands. The root growth is deep making transplantation difficult. N. sylvatica grows naturally in marshy sites but this tree can also thrive well in less moist places.

10 - 15 m broad pyramidal to broad ovoid B A R K A N D B R A N C H E S twigs greenish brown, bark dark grey, grooved L E A F oval to obovate, glossy dark green, 6 - 13 cm F L O W E R S inconspicuous, greenish, April/May F R U I T S ovoid drupe, dark blue, Ø 0.9 - 1.5 cm A P P L I C A T I O N parks, solitary S O I L T Y P E prefers loamy soil, not too dry W I N D R E S I S T A N C E moderate W I N T E R H A R D I N E S S Z O N E 5a S Y N O N Y M N. sylvatica ‘Red Wine’ CROWN

Medium-size tree with a broad pyramidal to broad ovoid crown from 10 to 15 m tall. When mature the branches arch strongly so that the crown becomes broader and almost round. The glossy dark green leaves are oval to obovate and a fraction larger than the species. The young leaves are red contrasting nicely with the dark green background of mature leaves. In autumn, they turn deep red again over several weeks. The autumn colours may vary depending on the soil type in which the tree stands. The root growth is deep making transplantation difficult. N. sylvatica grows naturally in marshy sites but this tree can also thrive well in less moist places.

Malus Rosaceae

480

481

Malus ‘Prairiefire’

Initially this small tree has an upright habit. Later it becomes round and approx. 5 - 6 m tall and wide. The year-old twigs are dark reddish brown. The sprouting leaf is purplish red and turns dark green later in the season. The purplish pink flowers open out of red buds. These measure 3.5 to 4 cm and open in May. They are followed by small, dark purplish red to purplish brown crab apples. ‘Prairiefire’ is a crab apple with a lavish blossom and beautifully coloured fruits that are only slightly susceptible to scab. Winter hardiness zone: 5

Malus ‘Mokum’

HEIGHT

Malus ‘Red Jade’

Malus ‘Red Jade’ has a broad weeping crown with thin pendulous branches. Height 4 - 5 m. The oval tapered leaves are bright green. The flower buds are purplish-red; the flowers open in early May and are white and single. Flower diameter Ø 3 - 4 cm. ‘Red Jade’ produces glossy red, oval fruits that stay on the tree for a long time, Ø 1 - 1.5 cm. The tree does not support hard surfaces and is used as a solitary. It makes heavy demands on the soil as regards moisture supply and fertility. Winter hardiness zone: 3

6-8m

C R O W N ovoid

BARK AND BRANCHES

twigs purplish brown, bark dark brown obovate with pointed tip, bronze coloured F L O W E R S purplish pink, 3 - 4cm, flower buds purple-brown, May F R U I T S red to purplish red, 1.2 - 1.8 cm A P P L I C A T I O N parks, gardens, public gardens S O I L T Y P E nutrient-rich, well-drained soil W I N D R E S I S T A N C E good O R I G I N Henk Wansing Boomkwekerijen B.V., Haarlo, the Netherlands, 1994 W I N T E R H A R D I N E S S Z O N E 5 LEAF

Small to medium-size tree with distinctly upright ovoid crown. The crown is of moderate density. The year-old twigs are purplish brown. The sprouting leaf is reddish turning bronze to purple-green in the summer. The 3 to 4 cm purplish pink flowers open from brown-purple buds in May. They are followed by approx. 1.5 cm crab apples. These are red to purplish red and remain in the tree until the end of November. ‘Mokum’ began as a seedling between a batch of M. ‘Profusion’ and M. ‘Liset’. A good crab apple that is only slightly susceptible to scab and hardly ever suffers from mildew or canker.

Malus ‘Red Baron’

Malus Red Obelisk (‘D.V.P. Obel’)

SYNONYM

M. ‘Red Baron’

Medium-sized tree with a small, vase-shaped to narrow oval crown when young. Eventually the tree gets a wide ovoid crown and grows to 7 m height and spread. The leaves are reddish when emerging and reddish dark green in summer. Deep yellow autumn colour. Deep red flower buds open at end of April/early May. Flowers are purplish red. They are followed by shiny dark red crab apples measuring 1.2 to 1.5 cm. These remain on the tree until into winter. ‘Red Baron’ is an American cultivar originally selected in the Arnold Arboretum in Massachusetts. Susceptible to scab. Winter hardiness zone: 4

Malus Madonna (‘Mazam’)

M. ‘Red Obelisk’

Small, columnar tree, 5 to 6 m tall. The young twigs are purplish brown, the older bark brown to grey-brown and smooth. The leaves emerge as bronze, turning dark green in summer. Flowers open light pink and turn pure white. At more than 6 cm across, they are strikingly big, blossoming in mid to late April. The shiny fruits are pear-shaped and remain on the tree into November. This cultivar was selected by the Belgian Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding. It has high resistance to scab and its narrow crown makes it suitable for narrower streets. Winter hardiness zone: 5

Magnolia Magnoliaceae Magnolia acuminata

454

Magnolia ×brooklynensis ‘Woodsman’

Cucumber tree, Arbre aux concombres, Gurkenmagnolia In the wild this tree grows in the eastern part of the United States where it grows from a shrub into a multiple-stemmed tree with a loose crown. The smooth, grey bark has shallow furrows. The large, shiny leaf is smooth underneath, young foliage is hairy underneath. The, for a magnolia inconspicuous, tulip-shaped flowers are faintly fragrant. After the flowering short-stalked, oblong, thick fruits appear. These have the shape of small cucumbers but appear only in small numbers. Inside the fruits there are bright-red seeds. The fleshy roots grow both shallow and deep. Winter hardiness zone: 5

Magnolia ×brooklynensis ‘Yellow Bird’

Magnolia denudata Yellow River (‘Fei Huang’)

SYNONYM

Grows from a shrub into a small tree with a broad, ovoid to flat-topped spherical crown with a height of about 4 m. The flower buds only develop in spring, so they cannot freeze in the winter. Depending on the temperature, the fragrant flowers open around mid-April. They are up to 15 cm in diameter and have an unusual but extremely attractive colour pattern. The outer petals are soft greenish-yellow to light olive green and the inner petals are a soft purplish pink. The inside of the petals is cream. Winter hardiness zone: 6

Magnolia ‘Butterflies’

SYNONYM

Medium-size tree with a regular pyramidal to broad ovoid crown of 5 - 10 m. The flower buds only develop in spring, so they cannot freeze in the winter. The first flowers open around mid-May and the blossoms persist for about 3 weeks. The flowers are 7.5 - 10 cm in size and bright yellow. They stand out well against the light green leaves. The petals are fairly broad, giving them a tulip-like appearance. Originated in 1967 in the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, New York, USA, by backcrossing M. ×brooklynensis ‘Evamaria’ with M. acuminata, but was not named until 1981. Good, tree-size, yellow blossoming Magnolia. Winter hardiness zone: 6

455

M. denudata ‘Yellow River’

Small to medium size tree with a broad ovoid crown, up to about 8 m. This cultivar, imported from China, remains smaller than others in the species. The young twigs initially bear hairs but lose these after the first season. Untypically of the species, the large, vase-shaped flowers are cream to light yellow. The petal base is often light yellow, while the tip is cream. This gives the tree a ‘yellow’ appearance. The flowers have a delightful, citrus-like fragrance. The tree blossoms fairly profusely even when young, making it an attractive park tree. Winter hardiness zone: 6

Magnolia ‘Elizabeth’

Medium-size tree, initially with a regular, ovoid crown and a straight central leader. The crown later becomes almost round, with an eventual height of about 9 m. The flower buds only develop in spring, so they cannot freeze in the winter. The large flowers open around late April. The flower buds are a deep reddish purple. The opened flowers are deep pinkish purple on the outside and clearly lighter on the inside. They retain a narrow tulip shape for a long time, but eventually open to a broad saucer shape. Good tree for use in housing estates and on squares, thanks also to the pronounced colours and profuse blossoming. Winter hardiness zone: 5b

Magnolia hypoleuca

Japanese big-leaved Magnolia, Magnolia du Japon à grandes feuilles, Weissrückige Magnolie S Y N O N Y M M. obovata

M. ×brooklynensis ‘Butterflies’

Small tree with a regular, compact, vertical ovoid or oval crown, up to about 6 m. The dark green leaf sometimes turns slightly yellow in autumn, but this is actually of no decorative value. The flowers open before the leaves develop and are about 7 cm across. The petals are soft yellow to deep yellow, while the stamens are a conspicuous red. Due to the good, deep flower colour, ‘Butterflies’ is one of the better yellow-blossoming hybrid cultivars of Magnolia. Blossoms fairly late in the season, making it less sensitive to night frost damage. Winter hardiness zone: 6

Magnolia ‘Galaxy’

Medium-size tree with a regular pyramidal crown of 5 - 8 (10) m. The first flowers open around early May and the blossoms persist for about 3 weeks. The flowers are vase-shaped and somewhat crescent-shaped. They are strikingly big, sometimes up to 20 cm long. The flowers are a soft yellow, so they stand out well against the dark green, sprouting leaves. ‘Elizabeth’ was one of the first yellow-blossoming Magnolias developed in New York’s Brooklyn Botanic Garden. The cross was created in 1956, but was named in 1978 after Elizabeth Scholz, the garden’s director at that time. Winter hardiness zone: 6

A big, often multiple-stemmed tree with a loose, spreading crown. The dark green to purple-brown twigs have grey lenticels. The obovate leaf is very large, 40 to 45 cm at a maximum. On top the leaf is shiny and fresh green, underneath it is strikingly blue pruinose. In early summer cream-white flowers appear that can reach 20 cm across. The cream-white petals are sometimes greenish or purple red tinged. The stamens are strikingly red at the base. The flowers have a strong but pleasant melon-fragrance. They are followed by elongated, purple-red compound receptacles that are 12 - 17 cm large. These fruits contain orange seeds. Becomes a magnificent solitary cultivar with age. Winter hardiness zone: 6b

Prunus Rosaceae

590

591

Prunus serrulata ‘Sunset Boulevard’

Prunus serrulata ‘Taihaku’

Prunus serrulata ‘Ukon’

HEIGHT

8 - 10 m narrow vase-shaped B A R K A N D B R A N C H E S twigs reddish brown, bark brown, smooth L E A F elongated to oval, green, 7 - 12 cm F L O W E R S white with pink edge, 3.5 - 4.5 cm, April F R U I T S seldom A P P L I C A T I O N streets, avenues, parks and gardens, solitary S O I L T Y P E any; not in wet soils W I N D R E S I S T A N C E reasonable O R I G I N Arboretum Kalmthout, Kalmthout, Belgium, 1988 W I N T E R H A R D I N E S S Z O N E 6a

HEIGHT

5-7m round to fan-shaped B A R K A N D B R A N C H E S twigs reddish brown, bark brown, smooth L E A F oval to elliptical, dark green, 10 - 16 cm F L O W E R S light pink, turning snowy white, 5 - 6 cm, April F R U I T S seldom A P P L I C A T I O N parks, gardens, solitary S O I L T Y P E any; not in wet soils W I N D R E S I S T A N C E reasonable O R I G I N Japan, circa 1700 W I N T E R H A R D I N E S S Z O N E 6a

HEIGHT

Narrow vertically growing tree with branches that bend outwards somewhat, thereby forming a narrow vase-shaped crown. ‘Sunset Boulevard’ is a stronger grower that can attain a height of 8 - 10 m. The leaves are green and sometimes have bronze tops when they first emerge. The tree produces white single flowers with a pink edge. They are saucer-shaped and grouped in twos. Does not produce fruit. It is suitable as a park tree, a street tree and for the small garden. It does not stand up to wet soil. ‘Sunset Boulevard’ came into existence as a seedling of P. serrulata ‘Benden’ in the Belgian Kalmthout Arboretum in 1988.

Small tree with a rounded to fan-shaped crown. It is a strongly growing cultivar that attains a height of approx. 5 - 7 m. It can eventually attain a width of approx. 8 m. The young leaves are reddish-brown and turn dark green in the summer. They are remarkably large: up to 16 cm long and 10 cm broad. Autumn colour yellow-orange. The tree flowers in the second half of April. The flower buds are pale pink. The flowers are single and turn from pale pink to snow white. They are remarkably large, Ø 5 - 6 cm, and are on long stalks. The tree does not stand up to wet soil.

Forms an open crown with little branching. It is therefore recommended that the young tree should be pruned several times to encourage branching. Height 6 - 8 m, width up to 15 m. The smooth twigs are glossy yellow-brown. The leaves emerge a bronze colour and later turn green. The autumn colour is deep violet-brown to purple-red. The young leaves combine pleasantly with the creamy green flowers that appear almost at the same time. The flowers are semi-double and hang in bunches of 3 - 5 flowers together. The diameter of the flower is approx. 5 - 6 cm. Flowers in late April/early May. It does not stand up to wet soil.

CROWN

6-8m broad vase-shaped, open B A R K A N D B R A N C H E S twigs glossy yellow-brown, bark brown, smooth L E A F elongated to oval, green, 7 - 12 cm F L O W E R S creamy light green, semi-double, 5 - 6 cm, April F R U I T S seldom A P P L I C A T I O N streets, avenues, parks and gardens, solitary S O I L T Y P E any; not in wet soils W I N D R E S I S T A N C E reasonable O R I G I N Japan, 1813 W I N T E R H A R D I N E S S Z O N E 6a CROWN

Prunus serrulata ‘Taihaku’

Platanus Platanaceae

538

539

Platanus ×hispanica ‘Malburg’

Platanus ×hispanica ‘Huissen’

Platanus ×hispanica ‘Louisa Lead’

HEIGHT

20 - 30 m oval to broad oval B A R K A N D B R A N C H E S bark grey-green, scaling yellow-green L E A F palmately lobed, yellow-green, 12 - 25 cm F L O W E R S spherical heads, yellow-green, May F R U I T S spherical, spiky, brown, usually in pairs A P P L I C A T I O N streets, avenues and parks S O I L T Y P E all, soil not too limy W I N D R E S I S T A N C E moderate to good O R I G I N Huissen, the Netherlands, 1981 W I N T E R H A R D I N E S S Z O N E 6a CROWN

Selected from an old avenue in Huissen, the Netherlands. Distinguishable from the species by relatively narrow, oval crown shape that is slightly narrower than ‘Malburg’. The scaling bark, characteristic to plane trees is also found in ‘Huissen’. The broad palmately lobed leaf has 3 to 5 pointed, serrated lobes and has soft hair on the underside. In summer it is yellow-green turning brownish yellow in autumn. Fallen leaves do not rot easily. The spherical florescence hangs on long stalks on which the spiky fruits later appear. These remain on the tree until well into winter. Plane trees tolerate paving very well but the shallow roots may push paving upwards. Takes pruning very well, even in old wood. Saplings require a tree stake for support and young branches break easily.

CROWN

20 - 25 m wide ovoid

BARK AND BRANCHES

bark grey-green, scaling yellow-green palmately lobed, mid-green, 12 - 25 cm F L O W E R S spherical heads, yellow-green, May F R U I T S spherical, spiky, brown, usually in pairs A P P L I C A T I O N streets, avenues and parks S O I L T Y P E all, soil not too limy W I N D R E S I S T A N C E good O R I G I N Ton van den Oever Tree Nursery, Haaren, the Netherlands, before 2000 W I N T E R H A R D I N E S S Z O N E 6a LEAF

Was selected as seedling because of unusual growth and crown shape. When young, grows vigorously and forms a straight central leader. Good branching creates a quite dense but regular crown which will eventually become broad ovoid. Thanks to somewhat compact growth, ‘Louisa Lead’ remains fractionally shorter than the species. The other features are the same as the species. The summer leaf is mid-green, turning brownish yellow in autumn. Fallen leaves do not rot easily. The spherical florescence hangs in pairs on long stalks on which the spiky fruits later appear. These remain on the tree until well into winter. Plane trees tolerate paving very well but the shallow roots may push paving upwards. Takes pruning very well, even in old wood. ‘Louisa Lead’ shows good wind tolerance.

HEIGHT

20 - 30 m oval to broad oval B A R K A N D B R A N C H E S grey-green and yellow-green flaking bark L E A F palmate lobed, green, 12 - 25 cm F L O W E R S spherical flower heads, yellow-green, May F R U I T S spherical, spiky, brown, usually 2 together A P P L I C A T I O N street, avenue and park tree S O I L T Y P E all, soil not too calcareous W I N D R E S I S T A N C E moderate to good O R I G I N Huissen, Netherlands, 1981 W I N T E R H A R D I N E S S Z O N E 6a CROWN

A tree selected by the NAKB (now known as Naktuinbouw) from a 40-year-old avenue. It is distinguished from the species by its relatively small oval growth pattern. It is characterised by the bark that flakes off to reveal a light green to yellow-green underground and grey-green, dark green to brown loose flakes. The broad leaf has 3 - 5 sharply serrated lobes and is slightly hairy on the underside. In the autumn the leaves turn colour to a brownish yellow. Fallen leaves do not rot easily. The spherical flowers hang in pairs (1 - 3) on long stems, where spiky fruit appears later. These remain hanging on the tree until deep into the winter. Plane trees are very resistant to hard surfaces but surface roots can push the surrounding paving upwards. Takes pruning very well, even in old wood. Saplings require a tree stake for support. Young branches break relatively easily.

856

Ginkgo

857

Ginkgoaceae Maidenhair tree, Japanse notenboom, Ginkgo, Ginkgobaum, Fächerblattbaum The Ginkgo genus was much larger in prehistoric times and existed long before conifers first appeared. Of all of these Ginkgo species, only Ginkgo biloba has withstood the test of time. It has even survived the dinosaurs. The word ‘ginkgo’ was an old Chinese botanical term meaning ‘silver fruit’. The species name ‘biloba’ means two-lobed and refers to the leaf shape. This leaf shape, so peculiar to the maidenhair tree, is often compared to webbed ducks’ feet. The leaf’s veins radiate parallel to each other. Ginkgo occurs naturally in a small area of China where it is a symbol for fertility. It is frequently planted in gardens surrounding temples. Ginkgo has long been cultivated in Japan and Korea as well. It has been in Europe since the 18th century. Ginkgo is dioecious by nature, which is to say that it has separate male and female trees. However, male and female flowers can appear on the very same tree once it reaches maturity.

ORIGIN

China SPECIES

1 F E AT U R E S

specimen tree, autumn colour, leaf shape

858

Ginkgo Ginkgoaceae

859

Ginkgo biloba

Maidenhair tree, Japanse notenboom, Ginkgo, Arbre aux quarante écus, Ginkgobaum, Fächerblattbaum

HEIGHT

15 - 25 (35) m narrow pyramidal, later spreading B A R K A N D B R A N C H E S greyish brown, old trunk has deep grooves, twigs greyish brown L E A F fan-shaped, parallel veins, in bundles of 3 - 5, 7 - 10 cm ♀ 5 - 8 cm F L O W E R S unremarkable, ♀ single or in pairs, ♂ in 3 - 5 cm long catkins F R U I T S round, Ø 2 - 3 cm, pale yellow to orange A P P L I C A T I O N park, street, and avenue tree S O I L T Y P E all W I N D R E S I S T A N C E good O R I G I N China W I N T E R H A R D I N E S S Z O N E 5a CROWN

A deciduous tree that is narrow and pyramidal at first, but later spreads out as it grows. The trunk is greyish brown and later deeply grooved. Very mature trunks have characteristic bumps. The leaf and flowers are on short shoots. The fan-shaped leaves grow in bundles of 3 - 5 together and have an incised top. In the autumn the leaves turn a striking golden yellow. At the same time, fruit appears that has an unpleasant odour when ripe. The tree does not bear fruit until it is 20 - 50 years old. The tree is naturally dioecious, but mature trees may bear both male and female flowers. Ginkgo is very resistant to air pollution and requires a site with ample light. The tree occurred as long as 250 million years ago and has survived many epochs, including the dinosaur age. Ginkgo biloba can attain a considerable age. In Japan there are specimens of which it is said that they are more than 1000 years old.

Ginkgo biloba

876

Metasequoia glyptostroboides Goldrush (‘Ogon’)

Metasequoia glyptostroboides ‘Sheridan Spire’

HEIGHT

10 - 15 m narrow pyramidal B A R K A N D B R A N C H E S bark reddish brown and later grey, peeling in long strips L E A F needles, compound and opposed, yellow F L O W E R S inconspicuous ♂ catkins, 5 - 10 cm, ♀ yellowish green, 0.5 cm, May F R U I T S ovate to spherical cones, 2 - 2.5 cm, green to reddish brown A P P L I C A T I O N parks, avenues and streets S O I L T Y P E moist and well-drained W I N D R E S I S T A N C E good O R I G I N Kameyama Breeding Station, Kameyama, Japan, 1974 W I N T E R H A R D I N E S S Z O N E 5b S Y N O N Y M M. g. ‘Golden Oji’, M. g. ‘Goldrush’

HEIGHT

20 - 25 m narrow pyramidal B A R K A N D B R A N C H E S twigs brown, bark reddish brown, fibrous, scaling, later greyer L E A F needles, compound and opposed, bright green F L O W E R S inconspicuous ♂ catkins, 5 - 10 cm, ♀ yellowish green, 0.5 cm, May F R U I T S ovate to spherical cones, 2 - 2.5 cm, green to reddish brown A P P L I C A T I O N parks, avenues and streets S O I L T Y P E moist and well-drained W I N D R E S I S T A N C E good O R I G I N Sheridan Nurseries, Oakville, Ontario, Canada, 1968 W I N T E R H A R D I N E S S Z O N E 5b

Medium-size to large, deciduous conifer with a narrow pyramidal habit. ‘Ogon’ grows less vigorously than the species and will eventually remain slightly smaller. The tree has a straight, upright central leader with a regular branching pattern. The young foliage of this cultivar is deep golden yellow and turns greenish yellow later in the season. The compound needles stand on short and long shoots and are opposed, unlike Taxodium. Before they fall off in autumn, they turn dark yellow to orange-brown. For a long time the tree was bred and traded under the cultivar name, ‘Goldrush’. It later became obvious that it was ‘Ogon’. The fact that, in 1994, a U.S. Plant Patent was applied for under the name of ’Golden Oji’ does not affect this. Its deep rooting makes the tree very wind resistant and it tolerates a lot of moisture. Mainly grows on lighter soils.

A tree that, like the species, can easily reach over 20 m, but which has a distinctly narrower pyramidal crown. The bark is reddish brown and fibrous and peels off in long strips. The straight, vertical trunk has regular branching. Older branches are virtually horizontal and relatively short. The compound needles stand on short and long shoots and are opposed, unlike Taxodium. Metasequoia is a healthy tree which is reflected in the bright green foliage. In autumn it turns deep orange-brown before falling off with the short shoots. Its deep rooting makes the tree very wind resistant and it tolerates a lot of moisture. Mainly grows on lighter soils.

CROWN

877

CROWN

Metasequoia glyptostroboides

904

Pinus Pinaceae

Pinus sylvestris ‘Fastigiata’

Pinus sylvestris ‘Glauca’

HEIGHT

15 m

C R O W N columnar

Pinus sylvestris

905

12 m

C R O W N round

B A R K A N D B R A N C H E S twigs orange-brown, bark grey-brown, peeling in rough strips L E A F stiff needles, in twos, 3 - 6 cm, blue–green F L O W E R S ♂ in clusters by the young shoots, light lemon-yellow F R U I T S pendent cones, 1 - 5 together, 3 - 7 cm long, 2 - 3 cm wide A P P L I C A T I O N parks and avenues, solitary S O I L T Y P E well-drained, quite dry soils, lightly acidic W I N D R E S I S T A N C E good, also tolerates sea wind O R I G I N Before 1856 W I N T E R H A R D I N E S S Z O N E 2

B A R K A N D B R A N C H E S twigs orange-brown, bark grey-brown, peeling in rough strips L E A F stiff needles, slightly twisted, in twos, 4 - 6 cm, intense grey-blue F L O W E R S ♂ in clusters by the young shoots, light lemon-yellow F R U I T S pendent cones, 1 - 5 together, 3 - 7 cm long, 2 - 3 cm wide A P P L I C A T I O N parks, solitary S O I L T Y P E well-drained, quite dry soils, lightly acidic W I N D R E S I S T A N C E good, also tolerates sea wind O R I G I N Germany, circa 1990 W I N T E R H A R D I N E S S Z O N E 2

The almost vertically growing twigs and branches create a very slender, columnar tree. When young, its growth can be somewhat slow but afterwards the tree can grow relatively quickly to a height of 15 m. The twigs are strikingly orange-brown. The mature bark is grey-brown and peels off in rough strips. The stiff, rather short needles have a slight twist and are 3 - 6 cm long. They are in twos and blue-green. The grey-brown cones hang alone or in clusters of 2 to 5. This Pinus even grows in extreme conditions although it prefers well-drained, lightly acidic, quite dry soils. An unusually hardy tree. Very resistant to (sea) wind and not sensitive to air pollution. The cultivar name ‘Fastigiata’ was given to every columnar P. sylvestris in the 19th century. This means there is a range of clones around that differ slightly from each other.

Spherical tree which may grow rather slowly when young but can eventually reach around 12 m. The twigs are strikingly orange-brown. The mature bark is grey-brown and peels off in rough strips. The stiff, rather short needles have a slight twist and are 4 to 6 cm long. They are in twos and intense grey-blue. The grey-brown cones hang alone or in clusters of 2 to 5. This Pinus even grows in extreme conditions although it prefers well-drained, lightly acidic, quite dry soils. Very resistant to (sea) wind and not sensitive to air pollution. The cultivar name, ‘Glauca’ was given to it after 1 January 1959 and is not valid according to the nomenclature rules. This takes nothing away from the fact that it is a fine tree.

916

Sequoia sempervirens

917

Unloading large trees ‘the root ball acts like a lever’ Unloading larger trees is a meticulous job. A tree with root ball acts like a lever because in almost every case it is here where the greatest weight is situated. In order to prevent the bark being stripped off under the weight of the root ball and, in the worst case, being irreparably damaged, it is crucial that the tree is unloaded correctly. In the case of larger trees the root ball must always be supported to minimise the pressure on the trunk. There are various ways of doing so and the type of lifting gear used depends on the size and species of tree, the time of planting and the course of the planting season. Guidelines on the use of lifting gear can be found in the adjacent table, but remember that a tree is a living product. These guidelines therefore only apply to the average tree, when it is dormant, i.e. in winter. In spring, trees are more vulnerable because the moment temperatures start to rise, the sap starts to flow again and the bark is more likely to come off. It is not possible to pinpoint the exact moment that this becomes an issue as the seasons do not end at the same time every year nor in all areas; neither does every species of tree have the same ‘timetable’. In some cases the sap flows start earlier than in others and there are also species, such as Pinus, whose bark falls off more easily and therefore run greater risks. All these factors together often make the unloading of each large tree unique. As a rule, the more vulnerable a tree is, the heavier the equipment needed to unload it.

How you attach the hoist to the tree is also important. The position of the sling or holster and the length of the chain or hoisting strap determine how the weight is distributed and the amount of pressure put on the trunk or root ball. It also determines the position in which the tree will be suspended under the crane. When the tree has to be unloaded straight into the planting hole, it will have to be lifted more or less vertically from the trailer. In such a case, it is better to use a hoisting strap than chains. It is crucial that the weight of the tree is supported by the strap, therefore pull the hoisting strap through the sling and attach it to the lifting hook. If the tree is to be laid flat, chains may be used and the sling or holster can be placed higher up the trunk so that the tree remains in a horizontal position. In order to then plant the tree, a hoisting strap is used. It requires experience to estimate where the unloading gear has to be attached and what lengths need to be used. If you do not have this experience, you are advised to use specialist hauliers who are equipped with the right unloading gear.

GUIDELINES FOR UNLOADING TREES S TEM GIRTH 18-20 CM TO 25-30 CM

Fully dormant trees can be unloaded using a 3-ton sling in combination with a chain and root hooks. Push the hooks firmly into the root ball. In spring, wrap the trunk in hessian before putting the sling into position. Give vulnerable trees extra protection with hessian. STEM GIRTH UP TO 45-50 CM

Fully dormant trees can be unloaded using a 5-ton sling in combination with a chain and root hooks. Hammer the hooks firmly into the root ball. Various lengths of chains can be used. The longer the chain, the more vertical the tree will be lifted but this will increase pressure on the bark. Later in the planting season, a sling can be used in combination with a hoisting strap.

The same applies to vulnerable trees. Always wrap hessian around the trunk. STEM GIRTH FROM 50-60 CM

Fully dormant trees can be unloaded using an 8-ton sling in combination with a hoisting strap. A hoisting strap provides more support for the root ball than a chain and puts less pressure on the trunk. The tree will also hang more vertically which makes unloading it directly into the planting hole easier. When the tree has to lie flat until it is planted, it is better to use chains for unloading. Using the correct chain length the tree can be moved horizontally. Use hessian to protect the trunk and a holster for heavy and vulnerable trees.

E X C E P T I O N A L LY H E AV Y T R E E S

For unloading large trees with extremely heavy root balls you can use a Newman frame. During the harvesting process, it is fitted to the tree and goes with it to the planting site. Only when the tree has been planted is it removed.

Hol ster with chain

Chain with sling

Placing tree in planting hole using hoisting band and sling

Hoisting band with sling

Newman frame

Hoisting band ex tended with chain and sling

Deciduous trees searching system

998

999

winter hardiness zone

Juglans nigra Juglans regia Juglans regia 'Broadview' Juglans regia 'Buccaneer' Juglans regia 'Coenen' Juglans regia 'Franquette' Juglans regia 'Guillot' Juglans regia 'Laciniata' Juglans regia 'Purpurea' Koelreuteria paniculata Koelreuteria paniculata 'Coral Sun' Koelreuteria paniculata 'Fastigiata' Koelreuteria paniculata 'September' +Laburnocytisus adamii Laburnum anagyroides Laburnum ×watereri ‘Vossii’ Lagerstroemia indica Liquidambar formosana Liquidambar formosana var. monticola Liquidambar orientalis Liquidambar styraciflua Liquidambar styraciflua 'Andrew Hewson' Liquidambar styraciflua 'Aurea' Liquidambar styraciflua 'Burgundy' Liquidambar styraciflua 'Festival' Liquidambar styraciflua 'Gum Ball' Liquidambar styraciflua 'Lane Roberts' Liquidambar styraciflua 'Moraine' Liquidambar styraciflua 'Paarl' Liquidambar styraciflua 'Palo Alto' Liquidambar styraciflua 'Parasol' Liquidambar styraciflua 'Pendula' Liquidambar styraciflua 'Silver King' Liquidambar styraciflua 'Slender Silhouette' Liquidambar styraciflua 'Stared' Liquidambar styraciflua 'Worplesdon' Liriodendron chinense Liriodendron tulipifera Liriodendron tulipifera 'Aureomarginatum' Liriodendron tulipifera 'Fastigiatum' Maackia amurensis Maclura pomifera Magnolia acuminata Magnolia ×brooklynensis 'Woodsman' Magnolia ×brooklynensis 'Yellow Bird' Magnolia 'Butterflies' Magnolia denudata Magnolia denudata Yellow River ('Fei Huang') Magnolia 'Elizabeth'

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