BOSCO VERTICALE
INTRODUCTION PROJECT NAME - BOSCO VERTICALE LOCATION - MILAN TOTAL NUMBER OF UNITS - 113 CLIMATE - SUBTROPICAL HUMID ARCHITECT- BOERI ARCHITECTS FLOOR AREA - 3,60,000 SQM
CO2 Absorption: 19.000 kg/year O2 Production: 18.980 kg/year 20.000 sqm of forest Costs: Average construction cost for sqm: 1.950 euro/sqm Average sell price for sqm: 9.500/10.000 euro/sqm Average expenses for maintenance: 63 euro/sqm/year, including heating, water irrigation, 24/7 reception, 24/7 security, green area maintenance, cleaning of facades, CCTV system, and air conditioning
INTRODUCTION Biodiversity Number of trees: 800 Number of shrubs: 5.000 Number of climbers and perennial plants: 15.000 Number of tree species: 23 Number of plant and herbs species: 94 Average greenery for each person living in the towers: Trees: 2 Shrubs: 8 Plants: 40 Number of inhabitants planned in both towers: 480 Number of bird species with nests in the towers: 20
Sustainability Gold LEED certified Geothermal heat pumps: 4 Energetic power of solar panels covering the building: 26kWp Contribution to the reduction of heat loss due to the micro-climate created by the plants: approx. 2 degrees Contribution to the reduction of air pollution: transformation of CO2 into O2: approx. 20,000 kg/year Total length of perimeter basins: 1,7 Km Depth of perimeter planting basins: 1 m Type of earth (growing media): as specified by the type of greenery CO2 Absorption: 30 ton /year O2 Production: 52 kg/day Surface of forest: 20.000 sqm
INTRODUCTION
Tower D Height: 116 m Number of floors: 27 Area: 18.717 sqm
INTRODUCTION
Tower E Height: 85 m Number of floors: 19 Area: 9.417 sqm
SITE CONTEXT It’s located in Porta Nuova, Milan as part of it’s new development phase. Torre Unicredit are located right next to BOSCO VERTICALE and are the highest skyscrapers in Milan. Torre A-C are located in Unicredit, hence Torre D and E are located in Bosco Verticale. Other than that Palazzo Lombardia and Torre Lombardia are also located near by.
SITE CONTEXT
SITE CONTEXT
SITE CONTEXT
SITE OPEN AND CLOSE SPACE RELATIONSHIP
CLIMATE CLIMATE TYPE - Subtropical Humid AVG TEMPERATURE- 11.6 C AVG. HUMIDITY - 73% WIND DIRECTION SIDE - North
SUN PATH
SITE
GREEN SPACES AND BUILT MASS
PAVEMENTS AND SOIL
DESIGN INSPIRATION From the project description by Boeri Studio A lot to get through, someone may say; an ambitious project aimed to reshape Le Corbusier’s Ville Radieuse on 21th-century paradigms.
DESIGN INSPIRATION
The design of Bosco Verticale was inspired by the traditional buildings in Italy that are covered with ivy.
The two residential towers of the project are 110m and 80m in height. They are spread over 27 storeys with a total built-up area of 40,000m².
This idea was multiplied to include buildings surrounded by plants.
Apartments of the buildings range from compact two-room apartments to penthouses and duplexes.
CONCEPT Bosco Verticale is an architectural concept which replaces traditional materials on urban surfaces using the changing polychromy of leaves for its walls. The project consists of two towers of 80m and 112m, planted with almost 17,000 trees, shrubs and plants.
Bosco Verticale is a model of vertical densification of nature within the city. This is an approach to metropolitan reforestation that contributes to the regeneration of the environment and urban biodiversity without expanding the territory of the city.
The project was designed as part of the rehabilitation of the historic district of Milan between Via De Castillia and Confalonieri in Porta Nuova, which is known to be the richest business district in Europe.
FORM AND FUNCTION
The basic form is derived from A cuboid.
FORM AND FUNCTION
Staggered green balconies are added to the facade and have a cantilever of at least 3 meters
FORM AND FUNCTION
This staggeration has been repeated along the whole facade
FORM AND FUNCTION
At each edge, an L shaped balcony is formed and the pattern of the balconies repeats after every 6 floors
ZONING
Residential
Offices
SITE PLAN
SITE ENTRY
SITE ENTRY PHOTOS
SITE ENTRY PHOTOS
SITE CIRCULATION VEHICULAR
SITE CIRCULATION PEDESTRIAN
SITE ACTIVITIES RECREATIONAL PUBLIC PARK
SITE ACTIVITIES
SITE ACTIVITIES PLAYGROUND
SITE ACTIVITIES
SITE ACTIVITIES OTHER COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS
SITE ACTIVITIES
SITE VIEWS
BASEMENT OUTLETS
DESIGN ASPECTS On a formal level, the towers are mainly characterized by large, staggered and overhanging balconies (each about three metres), designed to accommodate large external tubs for vegetation and to allow the growth of larger trees without hindrance, even over three floors of the building.
DESIGN ASPECTS On a formal level, the towers are mainly characterized by large, staggered and overhanging balconies (each about three metres), designed to accommodate large external tubs for vegetation and to allow the growth of larger trees without hindrance, even over three floors of the building. More than just surfaces, the façades can be viewed as three-dimensional spaces not only because of the denseness and function of the green curtain but also in aesthetic-temporal terms, due to the multi-coloured cyclical and morphological changes in the size of the plants.
DESIGN ASPECTS At the same time, the porcelain stoneware finish of the facades incorporates the typical brown colour of bark, evoking the image of a pair of gigantic trees in which to live and which are rich in literary and symbolic implications.
The contrast with a series of elements in white stoneware – the string courses of the balconies and some modules on the front of the windowsills – introduces rhythm in the composition
DESIGN ASPECTS
WEST FACADE
AUTUMN
WINTER
SPRING
SUMMER
The variations in colour and shapes of the plants produce a tremendous iridescent landmark in every season and it is highly recognizable even at a distance.
DESIGN ASPECTS
DESIGN ASPECTS
DESIGN ASPECTS The balconies of the buildings are 28cm-thick and extend outwards for 3.35m in an irregular manner.
DESIGN ASPECTS The balconies of the buildings are 28cm-thick and extend outwards for 3.35m in an irregular manner.
They are made of reinforced concrete and house 900 trees, 5,000 shrubs and 11,000 floral plants.
DESIGN ASPECTS The balconies of the buildings are 28cm-thick and extend outwards for 3.35m in an irregular manner.
They are made of reinforced concrete and house 900 trees, 5,000 shrubs and 11,000 floral plants.
The plant life is equal to 10,000m² of forest on flat land. Maintenance of the plants is entrusted to a centralised agency.
The heights of the plants range from 3m to 9m. The plants grow to a maximum height of 30ft.
DESIGN ASPECTS The buildings feature sophisticated security systems. Vehicle entrance and exit are controlled by number plate recognition cameras. A surveillance system is available in the lobby, which connects to a closed-circuit TV camera system.
DETAILED PLANS The profile of the terrace repeats after every 6 floors
DETAILED PLANS
DETAILED PLANS
DETAILED PLANS
PRIVACY ZONING
PRIVACY ZONING
PRIVACY ZONING
PRIVACY ZONING
PRIVACY ZONING
GENERAL OBSERVATIONS
1.
All the Rooms are located at the same corner of the house creating an entire private zone
2.
All dwellings have a vestibule that acts as a transitional space between all rooms
3.
Except the master bedroom, there is one common washroom in between all rooms.
4.
Washrooms
5.
There are two balconies, one common and one located in the master bedroom
6.
There is a also space for breakfast table in the kitchen
also
have
two
washbasins,
one
wc
and
one
bidet.
MATERIALS USED STONE CLADDING
AERATED
Thickness - 0.02m
Thickness - 0.20m
MINERAL AND WOOL INSULATION Thickness - 0.10m Air cavity of 3 cm between the stone cladding and insulation
CONCRETE Thickness - 0.7m
INTERIOR -
DETAILS
Bosco Verticale every apartment features large glass sliding doors providing a connection to the outside of the building. On a typical balcony sliding doors are of 3 m height and 2 m width. This is modeled as a double glazing unit of similar size. It consists of two float glass panels and an insulation layer. FLOAT GLASS Thickness - 0.01m
INTERIOR -
DETAILS
Bosco Verticale every apartment features large glass sliding doors providing a connection to the outside of the building. On a typical balcony sliding doors are of 3 m height and 2 m width. This is modeled as a double glazing unit of similar size. It consists of two float glass panels and an insulation layer. FLOAT GLASS Thickness - 0.01m
A typical balcony is 8m wide and 3m deep with a parapet of 1m high. Two trees are placed on opposite sides of the balcony. The construction material of the balcony platform and parapet are reinforced concrete.
INTERIORS
LIVING ROOM SPACE
INTERIORS
KITCHEN SPACE
BALCONY SPACE
INTERIORS
WASHROOM SPACE
BEDROOM SPACE
INTERIORS
BALCONY SPACE
BUILDING SERVICES
160 sqm Area 24% Floor area
SERVICE CORE
COLUMN SIZE 1 x 0.8 m NO OF COLUMNS 13
BUILDING SERVICES Using ground source heat pumps to access the aquifer. Hilson Moran, the original building services engineer on the project, specified two units, which can each provide 556 kW of cooling and 589 kW of heating.
They have the ability to simultaneously provide heat and cooling, so, for example, hot water for underfloor heating can be provided to heat north-facing rooms, at the same time as apartments in south-facing rooms are cooled via ducted fan coil units.
Rainwater
Solar Panels Offices
Geothermal Energy
The radiant floor is also cooled through a heat exchanger connected to the aquifer loop, which helps lower the overall cooling load. Air handling units are positioned at the top and bottom of the larger tower to balance air flows. When the unit provides cooling for overheating rooms, the heat rejected from the condenser can be used to bring room temperatures in other parts of the towers up to the desired setpoint. By recovering heat and cooling simultaneously, the units can balance the cooling and heating loads, and can improve the COP (coefficeint of performance) of the heat pump.
Solar energy For Hot water
Solar energy For Electricity
Ground energy For Heating Rainwater For Irrigation
Greywater For Irrigation
WATER SUPPLY The plants are watered by a dripline. The calculation of the irrigation requirements for the planting was based on the climatic conditions of the site and adjusted according to the exposure of the facades and the distribution of vegetation. The groundwater used for the heating and cooling systems is recycled to meet 100% of the irrigation requirements.
SUSTAINABLE While the foliage is fabulous, the intelligent design of the HVAC cannot be overestimated when considering the impact on carbon reduction at Bosco Verticale. Medeghini estimates the system offers at least 35% savings over a traditional building.formance) of the heat pump. Control and Diagnostics Internal Prunnings External Prunnings
STRUCTURE Arup adopted high-strength concrete and unbonded post-tension for the slabs. The building envelope is made of 20 cm aerated brick, 10 cm insulation and 2 cm stone cladding. Due to the peculiar layout of the terraces, cantilevering slabs have been poured on a self supported cantilevering scaffolding.
The thickness of the balcony platform is 30 cm and the thickness of the parapet 20 cm.
This solution allowed limited dimensions for the structural elements with significant loads and cantilevers (up to 3.5m for the terraces and a maximum span of the cantilever in the corners of approx. 7.5m).
STRUCTURE -
GEOTECHNICS
Buildings have been designed with a base-isolation system to mitigate ground-borne vibration from the metro trains. The system
has also been designed to provide additional seismic protection to the buildings.
STRUCTURE -
GEOTECHNICS
Base isolation systems involve floating the building structure on an array of resilient elements.
STRUCTURE -
ENGINEERING OF TREES
The structural stability of the trees has been designed through the botanical analysis of the species and their geometry. A detailed wind climate assessment and two different wind tunnel test campaigns. Following the results of the analyses and tests, three restraining devices have been designed:
STRUCTURE -
ENGINEERING OF TREES
All the trees have elastic temporary bands that connects the root bulb to a steel mesh embedded in the soil
STRUCTURE -
ENGINEERING OF TREES
All the trees have elastic temporary bands that connects the root bulb to a steel mesh embedded in the soil
All the medium and large trees have a safety cable to prevent the tree from falling in case the trunk breaks
STRUCTURE -
ENGINEERING OF TREES
All the trees have elastic temporary bands that connects the root bulb to a steel mesh embedded in the soil
All the medium and large trees have a safety cable to prevent the tree from falling in case the trunk breaks
The largest trees in those locations most exposed to wind have a safety steel cage that restraints the root-bulb and prevents it from overturning under major windstorms.
FACADE
MAINTENANCE Rather than just a simple architectural object therefore, the presence of the plant component means that the Vertical Forest is more akin to a set of processes – partly natural, partly man-managed – that accompany the life and growth of the inhabited organism over time. A specialized team of arborists-climbers descend from the roof of the buildings once a year to carry out pruning while checking the state of the plants in addition to their eventual removal or substitution. All the maintenance and greening operations are in fact managed at the condominium level in order to maintain control of the anthropic-vegetal balance.
MAINTENANCE Irrigation is also centralized: the needs of the plants are monitored by a digitally and remotely controlled installation while the necessary water is largely drawn from filtered effluent from the towers. The plants are watered by a complex centralized system divided into sub-sectors and equipped with compensated drippers that filter and reuses gray-water from the buildings and recycle the groundwater utilized by the geothermal heat-pump-based HVAC system of the complex. The maintenance of the vegetation is “facilitated” by two cranes installed on top of the towers, which allow the gardening staff to operate on the plants from the outside. In Milan, the towers’ vertical forest is a shared garden; therefore, its maintenance is managed by the condo administration and not by each resident individually.
MAINTENANCE 1. Terraces are accessed via apartments, possibly 3-6 times per year; 2. Terraces are accessed from the outside by a basket lift (moved By a telescopic arm placed on the roof of each tower) that will drop personnel from the top to carry out the pruning and other maintenance that cannot be done from the inside, possibly 1-2 times per year.
SUSTAINABILITY IN DETAIL Housing a total of 800 trees (480 first and second stage trees, 300 smaller ones, 15,000 perennials and/or ground covering plants and 5,000 shrubs.
SUSTAINABILITY IN DETAIL 30,000 square meter of woodland in 3,000 square meter of urban land Unlike “mineral” facades in glass or stone, the plant-based shield does not reflect or magnify the sun’s rays but filters them thereby creating a welcoming internal microclimate without harmful effects on the environment. At the same time, the green curtain “regulates” humidity, produces oxygen and absorbs CO2and microparticles,
SUSTAINABILITY IN DETAIL Benefits: Urban Scale
Benefits: Building Scale
Reduction of the Urban Heat Island Effect / Air Temperature Mitigation
Health Benefits
Improvement of Air Quality / Dust
Improvement of Building Energy Efficiency Internal Air Quality, Air Filtration and Oxygenation
Absorption Envelope Protection Sequestering of Carbon Noise Reduction Aesthetic Appeal Agricultural Benefits Providing Biodiversity and Creating
SUSTAINABILITY IN DETAIL As to the benefits to the internal environment of a building, the vegetation on the facade reduces the cooling load during the warm season, due to reducing solar gain through the envelope. This advantage is one of the most significant and depends essentially on three main factors and their interaction: 1. Plants acting as a sunscreen: The shielding capacity of the leaves (which is particularly efficient due to phototropism) reduces the absorption of solar radiation of the shaded layers, and therefore the heat transfer to the indoors
SUSTAINABILITY IN DETAIL 2. Plants acting as a windscreen: Although leaves are characterized by certain levels of wind permeability, they help to reduce convective heat transfer 3. Plants using solar energy for their transpiration and photosynthesis: These two processes are responsible for air temperature reduction, since the sensible heat is converted into latent heat, and lower external air temperatures imply less consumption of cooling energy in interiors. In recent years, numerous vertical greenery systems have been implemented, with increasing success.
SUSTAINABILITY - RESULT This amount of green vegetation brings with it a number of benefits: Pollution The greenery acts as a buffer between the city and the apartments by absorbing polluting particles, noise and sequestering carbon whilst also producing oxygen and improving air quality.
Biodiversity Hosting around 100 different plant species, the façade promotes biodiversity by providing a vertical urban oasis for nesting birds and wildlife.
Energy efficiency The green façade results in reduced energy consumption due to increased insulation against outside temperatures and shading. This keeps the building cooler during summer and warmer during winter,
Urban heat island The cooling benefit of the façade contributes to reduced temperatures in the vicinity of the building. This further reduces the need for cooling capacity.
SUSTAINABILITY - RESULT This amount of green vegetation brings with it a number of benefits: Internal comfort Shading from the green façade results in natural temperature control, light management and improved air quality. During summer months, some residents rely purely on natural ventilation to achieve comfortable internal temperatures. In extreme external temperatures, an underfloor passive-cooling system, fed by groundwater, further helps prevent overheating. Benefits of Green Walls : The benefits of green walls vary depending on many factors, such as geographic location and climate, building geometry, orientation, plant species, and green wall components and systems.
ANALYSIS MITIGATION The Vertical Forest helps to build a microclimate and to filter fine particles contained in the urban environment. The diversity of plants helps to develop the microclimate which produces humidity, absorbs CO2 and particles, produces oxygen, and protects against radiation and noise pollution. BIOLOGICAL HABITAT The Vertical Forest increases biodiversity. It promotes the formation of an urban ecosystem where various plant types create a separate vertical environment, but which works within the existing network, able to be inhabited by birds and insects (with an initial estimate of 1,600 specimens of birds and butterflies). In this way, it constitutes a spontaneous factor for repopulating the city’s flora and fauna.
ANALYSIS ANTI SPRAWL The Vertical Forest is an anti-sprawl method which helps to control and reduce urban expansion. In terms of urban density, each tower constitutes the equivalent of a peripheral area of single family houses and buildings of around 50,000 m2. TREES The choice of species and their distribution according to the orientation and height of façades is the result of three years of studies carried out alongside a group of botanists and ethologists. The plants which are used on the building were pre-cultivated in a nursery in order for them to become accustomed to similar conditions to those which they will find on the balconies.
ANALYSIS CHANGING FACADES The Vertical Forest is an ever-evolving landmark of the city, whose colours change depending on the season and the different natures of the plants used. This offers Milan’s population an ever-changing view of the city.
Offices Basement Basement Basement
