Architectural Design - Semester 2

Architectural Design Portfolio VA S U D HA CHA N N E

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FIRST YEAR, SECTION B SCHOOL OF PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE, NEW DELHI

Jodhpur Onsite Documentation VA SUD HA C HA N N E

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FIRST YEAR, SECTION B SCHOOL OF PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE, NEW DELHI

Street Section

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Dwelling Study

Following a traditional Jodhpuri layout, the dwelling had multiple courtyards which would contain most of the daily functions, becoming a social space throughout the day. Meanwhile, the surrounding rooms were used for either storage or short term functions.

There is also a continuous movement occurring through the dwelling along the central axis which connects the courtyards and inner spaces.

Ground Floor Plan

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First Floor Plan

Terrace Plan 3

Inside Dwelling Section

Outer Street Section

The dwelling boasted a continuous moving form adapted to the hill, where the inside spaces took the inhabitants to the top of the slope.

The design of Jodhpuri courtyard allows for ventilation to happen throughout all the floors of the haveli, but still doesn’t let direct sunshine enter, instead, only allowing diffused light to brighten up the house.

The courtyard acts as a link of communication between levels, which will be a method of observation in the centre, however this inner façade can also be beautified by a series of repeating jharokas and windows, as well as balconies connecting the separate forms.

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Ornamentation of traditional houses includes over-hanging jharokas, brackets in courtyards, arcades for easy access and more.

A mezzanine level is created as a means to utilize the vertical space by using it for storage. It also creates a means for movement towards the upper floors and travels up the slope.

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Instead of using shelfs, alaahs are used for storage in most rooms. These are niches created in the thick stone walls which can also be used for display or as a small mandir and more.

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Sketchup Model of Dwelling

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Miniature Painting Slightly deviating from the traditional style of Rajhasthani miniature paintings, this depicts the vernacular features of the studied dwelling.

Instead of depicting royal scenes, this shows elements such as arches, mezzanine floors, niches (alahs), and more elements that are unique to Jodhpur.

One of the most special things about this dwelling the stepped form going up the hill, which has been emphasized upon by the composition.

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Elements of Space Making VA SUD HA C HA N N E

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FIRST YEAR, SECTION B SCHOOL OF PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE, NEW DELHI

FLOOR AS AN INDICATOR OF SPACE Public spaces such as the courtyard or entry at a lower level than privates spaces like bedrooms. This shows a hierarchy of space, as well as movement walkways.

FLOOR AS MULTI-FUNCTIONAL Each building has a plinth providing a datum to the form. This plinth changes levels and sizes according to function and purpose; - Seating people for talking - Entrance into buildings - Advertising and display - Space for quick visits

COLUMNS FOR SPACE DIVISION The columns on the side act as a permeable wall between the corridor and courtyard. This efficiently divides the subspaces but doesn’t make a barrier between the two. This leads to a hierarchy of space being created, where important events happen in the middle while others happen in the small spaces behind the columns.

COLUMNS FOR ORDER The repetition and order of the columns modulates the facade and also creates a sense of order.

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WALLS FOR COMMUNICATION The walls are here used for communication, painted intricately with murals of Krishna or flowers, along with many mirrors. This also sets the environment in the minds of the users.

WALL FOR ORNAMENTATION The Jodhpuri culture observes a phenomenon of Purdah system where woman would view events from a zenana court through jalis which were carved into thin walls.

WALLS FOR STORAGE As in many houses of Jodhpur, there are small niches in the thick walls of the fort which are used for storage and display or for holding lamps throughout the night.

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DOOR AS GUIDE FOR MOVEMENT A path is created by the placement of doors throughout a space. This can seen at Mehrangarh Fort since the arrangement of doors creates an imaginary path. The entrance itself is a path through 7 gates.

DOOR AS IMAGE MAKER The gate sets the tone for the interiors of the fort. The decorations of the gate indicate the grandeur of the fort, while the spikes on the gates serve a protective purpose.

STAIRS AS MOVEMENT GUIDE They are the physical link between the offsetted layers and it assumes nodality as the meeting point of horizontal and vertical movements. The steps create a diagonally zigzag pattern of movement enabling the negotiation to reach the level of the water.

WINDOWS AS A COMMUNICATION LINK Prominent in Jodhpur, jharokas are a type of bay windows. Although they serve the primary purpose of shading the streets, they act as a communication link between the house and street.

WINDOWS FOR POROSITY For most houses, the first floor of the facade is filled with openings of windows.

With the courtyard, this allows for ventilation and light throughout the structure, as well as views of the street.

WINDOW FOR SPACE Due to the inviting look of these windows, they create node points, as well as divide the wall and the area of the space. It creates sub-spaces, according to its size and number in the room.

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STAIRS AS A SEAT The multilayered layout of the stepwell creates many sub spaces within each level.

These can be allocated for seating, walking, playing and many more. The steps not only serve as means to reach the water, rather also serve as a public space in the everyday life of the people.

ROOF AS CLIMATE RESPONSIVE The palace roofs are similar to those of the houses of Jodhpur, where flat roofs since they help to retain the little water that has been collected during rainfall.

ROOF FOR SPATIAL ENCLOSER The roof defines and limits interior space of this gazebo, with the concept of in and out. The roof also demarcates a space just by the existance of a structure.

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Case study – Mapungubwe Community Center VA SUD HA C HA N N E

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General Information Location - Limpopo, South Africa Architects – Peter Rich Architects Project Year – 2011 Total combined floor area: 1130 m² Total site area: 2750 m² Project The project was commissioned by the South African National Park authority (SANParks) under the name of Interpretation Centre, in order to celebrate the ancient local civilization of Mapungubwe, linked to the Great Zimbabwe.

In the natural landscape, Peter Rich designed a visitors’ centre which includes spaces to tell the stories of the place and house artifacts, along with tourist facilities and SANParks offices. The complex is a collection of stone cladded vaults balancing on the sloped site, against the backdrop of Sandstone formations and mopane woodlands. The complex landscape was both the inspiration for the design and the source of most of the materials for its construction.

Climate zone Intense sun Breezy winds Home to immensely rich flora and fauna It is located at 29°23’E and 22°19’S; the site is in a semi-arid climate. Maximum temperatures average between 25°C (June) and 32°C (January). Peaks occur in summer(45°C). Minimum temperatures average between 9°C (June) and 21°C (January).

Annual rainfall is around 400 millimetres and there are approximately 10 rainy days a year. At the time of the visit, there had been flooding after heavy rainfalls, occurring after a two-year period of draught.

Site There are no inhabitants close to this area; this huge reserve is totally free of any human presence. After flourishing for centuries, the area has been long abandoned. The vegetation is that of a dry area with mopane and baobab trees, and could easily be likened to a “hilly” savannah.

In addition, the ambition was to also integrate local unskilled labour into a poverty relief program by training them to produce the over 200,000 tiles necessary in the construction of the domes.

Purpose -Spaces to tell local stories -Spaces to house artifacts -Tourists facilities -Park offices -Secure spaces protected from the elements -Spaces that speak of the history and setting VASUDHA CHANNE - ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN PORTFOLIO

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The structure is created by using a combination of vernacular and modern materials to represent a minimalistic looking artefact kind of structure.

The design creates a movement pattern that takes them through each function and then leads them to the view

They use local materials and passive cooling techniques like evaporative cooling and heat insulating materials VASUDHA CHANNE - ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN PORTFOLIO

They use windows with multiple veiling devices like a wooden screen, or coloured panes to ventilate and bring light into the space

The form and the architectural identity of the centre are derived from the culture and vernacular building methods. The design is adapted by responding to the culture

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Local Knowledge Centre at Toorji ka Jhalra, Jodhpur VA SUD HA C HA N N E

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FIRST YEAR, SECTION B SCHOOL OF PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE, NEW DELHI

Site Introduction – Toorji Ka Jhalra The site is next to an open community space that can lend to promoting the centre as well as provide a space for community events. Due to the stepwell’s location, the centre will get high exposure towards tourists since there are many hotels, shopping centres and more. The locals also pass by this area often due to the school and the cool waters of the stepwell.

A repository must be built to preserve the local knowledge of Jodhpur since culture is a part of a place’s identity. Many places around the world have lost their uniqueness due to a homogenized culture but it is evident that in Jodhpur, tradition is passed down many generations such as occupations, beliefs and more. To ensure and protect this knowledge, the centre will provide an experience a day in traditional Jodhpur. This traditional approach will also be emphasized upon due to the history surrounding the stepwell beside itself.

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Project Introduction

Vision

A local knowledge centre allows visitors to experience the traditional values of Jodhpur by covering knowledge about daily lifestyle like fashion, food, practices, occupations, beliefs and entertainment. The activities conducted make a more dynamic environment which can enrich the experience since these cultural manifestations take people back in time.

A local knowledge centre at Toorji Ka Jhalra would be a community space open for locals, tourists, and people of all ages to experience and explore Jodhpur’s traditions. The knowledge will be compiled by locals and scholars alike, which is necessary since these traditions can be easily lost. They can be preserved and experienced in an interactive and dynamic environment through workshops, performances and exhibits at a historical place such as the Toorji stepwell.

The centre would consist of an auditorium for theatre performances or film screening; a library and videotheque; computer hall; halls for academic activities or workshops; language laboratory; galleries and sometimes, memorials or permanent exhibits.

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Program and Users Space

Quality

User/s

Activities

Area

Exhibit

Clean, Neat, Organized, Spacious and Open

• 10-15 Visitors • 1-2 Curators

Jooti making and other processes, History walkthroughs, Fashion and clothing, Food – open kitchens or cafeterias

30 m2

Souvenir Shop

Secure, Interactive, Organized, Well lit

• 3-4 Customers • 1 Shop keeper

Purchases, Discussion, Storage

15 m2

Library

Well lit, Silent Clean, Organized

• 4-5 Visitors • 1 Guard

Books and illustrations, Books about jodhpur history, Vernacular traditions, Food, Accounts, Videos

40 m2

Researcher’s Space

Quiet, Focused, Covered, Private

• 2 Researchers

Research, Documentation, Surveying, Sitting, Studying

20 m2

Workshop

Natural light, Interactive, Flexible, Spacious

• 15-20 Visitors • 2 Workshop Hosts

Puppet making and performing, Musical instruments, Pottery, Handicrafts, Cooking, Bandani, Leather embroidery, Laddoo making, Block Printing, Screen Printing, Tie and Dye, Lac Bangles, Miniature Paintings, Marwadi

40 m2

Open Air Theatre

Clean, Well lit, Covered, Ventilated

• 6-10 Performers • 50 Viewers

Bhopa and other dance performances, Puppet shows, Storytelling

20 m2

Café and Kitchen

Spacious, Clean, Cool temperature, Seating

• 2-3 Cooks • 16-20 Customers

Viewing kitchen, Cooking, Storage, Display

25 m2

Admin Office

Security, Organized, Quiet, Focused

• 2 Workers • 1 Manager

Laptop work, Managing, Discussion on records and daily events

20 m2

Reception

Spacious, Organized, Interactive

• 2 Receptionists • 4-5 Visitors

Billing, Filing, Directory, Receiving calls, Giving information

10 m2

Toilets

Closed, Covered, Private, Ventilated

• 1 Cleaner • Visitors, Employees

Defecation, Washing hands

10 m2

Changing Rooms

Closed, Covered, Private, Ventilated

• 6-10 Performers

Changing for performances, preparation and storage of props

10 m2

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Time Circle 12 AM

6 PM

6 AM

12 PM

• • • •

Tourists Locals Children Researchers and Scholars

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Spatial Planning L1 – Exhibit, OAT, Changing Room w/ WC L2 – Entrance, Café, Kitchen L3 – Admin, Library, Research Space L4 – Workshop, Spill-out L5 – Terrace Garden

Bubble Diagram Hierarchy of public spaces to private spaces in terms of access to general visitors Legend • Public access • Semi-private access • Private access

Zoning • •

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Functions surrounding the courtyard Hierarchy of functions in terms of accessibility to a visitor to that of a worker

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Site Context Analysis

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Permeable Facades The hot season lasts from from April to July, with an average daily high temperature above 37°C. The cool season lasts from December to February, with an average daily high temperature below 27°F. Jodhpur also experiences common winds are from the SW direction. Throughout the year, the strongest winds are observed during the months of May to July where wind speeds can reach up to 30 km/hr.

Installed jaalis at the top of windows to allow easy ventilation in the spaces.

These are lockable by the windows in case of sand storms.

Slidable jaali screens which can be used to diffuse sunlight or be opened to provide views towards Toorji ka Jhalra and Mehrangarh Fort.

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Planted Waterfall Creating a waterfall, creates a microclimate that helps in shading the courtyards, cooling all the spaces, and creates an overall built expression.

There are trees and shrubs on site which can be uprooted and relocated for landscaping purposes in the project.

There are also small waterfalls added on the roof and ground floor to utilize evaporative cooling.

This is also designed to represent the stepped style of Jodhpur houses.

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Multiple Courtyards The site is blocked on the north and south side by two other buildings and they can be used to create multiple courtyards with good shading.

The design of Jodhpuri courtyard allows for ventilation to happen throughout all the floors of the haveli, but still doesn’t let direct sunshine enter, instead, only allowing diffused light to brighten up the house. By having variable open spaces, there will be efficient ventilation and lighting throughout the each floors.

Creating multiple courtyards at different levels gives the opportunity to have many semicovered spaces with flexible usage; from viewing balconies, work spaces in the winter, to storage in the summer when footfall is low. By using the walls of neighbouring sites, it is easy to create these negative spaces in the mass.

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Courtyard 4 Courtyard 1

Courtyard 3

Courtyard 2

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Stepped Functions Design The general façade of Jodhpuri houses comes from their blueness, as well as their stackedupon look onto the hills around the fort. They also usually use mezzanine floors for multiple purposes as seen in our dwelling. This can be represented by using a stepped elevation where floors are placed at alternative heights.

Usually in the dwellings, spaces are configured as to accessibility. With one or two central courtyards where the main functions of the household took place, and the rooms around would be only used for storage or sleeping. A similar plan can be used with the open-air theatre in the centre, and the other functions surrounding it to create a focus. This can be used by implementing the hierarchy of functions into the alternating design.

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Contemporary Interpretation Traditional Jodhpuri elements will be reimagined and implemented in the design; • Ornamentation of traditional houses would always include over-hanging jharokas, brackets in courtyards, series of gates to the central courtyard, balcony corridors, panel doors and more.

Original

• Plinth seating for causal seating and chatting for conversation, This could be implemented in the open spaces, which will be a relaxing space, just for some freshness. This space will grow plants and trees native to Rajasthan, since these will grow easily in the weather with minimal effort.

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Interpreted

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Front Views

3D Views VASUDHA CHANNE - ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN PORTFOLIO

Back View

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Residence Residence Via Jodhpur Shop

Raas Hotel Complex Toorji Ka Jhalra Stepwell

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Space

Floor

Area

Exhibit

Ground

30 m2

Souvenir Shop

Ground

15 m2

Library

First

40 m2

Researcher’s Space

First

20 m2

Workshop

First

40 m2

Open Air Theatre

Ground

20 m2

Café and Kitchen

Ground

25 m2

Admin Office

First

20 m2

Reception

Ground

10 m2

Toilets

Ground

10 m2

Changing Rooms

Ground

10 m2

Café is in easy access to the open-air theatre on the ground floor, as to get refreshments to the entertainment and performance space without much difficulty.

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Multiple courtyards in different corners of the site for a variety of experiences

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Internal facades continue the jaali theme and allow for further shading in private spaces

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Stairs connecting the roof and small courtyard spillout; hence connecting the 2 green spaces

Jaalis acting as a curtain wall over glass openings to diffuse light from West Sun

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Jaalis used to diffuse light coming in from the East Sun

Greenery “spilling” over into the OAT below

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Door Details 15 MM weather stop to prevent debris

Metal frame with glass and wood panels

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Window Details 15 MM weather stop to prevent debris

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Stairs Detail

Metal posts with glass panels and the jaali pattern carved onto it

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Column Detail

Metal sheets placed onto a 300x300mm frame work with beams going from ground to ceiling

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Roof Detail

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Materials Main Building

Sandstone

Black metal

Wood

Glass

To reduce heat flow

Floorings

Ceramic Tiling – Roof To reduce heat intake

Wood Flooring - Workshop

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Stone Tiling - Regular

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