09ARC81: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN PROJECT 2016-2017
A NEW WAY OF LIVING A methodology for Sustainable Way of Life
A project report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of BACHELOR OF ARCHITECTURE
by VENKATESH K 1RV13AT114
R V COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
(Affiliated to the Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum)
Bangalore 560 062
09ARC81: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN PROJECT 2016-2017
A NEW WAY OF LIVING A methodology for Sustainable Way of Life
A project report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of BACHELOR OF ARCHITECTURE
by VENKATESH K 1RV13AT114
R V COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
(Affiliated to the Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum)
Bangalore 560 062 January - May 2017
R V COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
(Affiliated to the Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum)
Bangalore 560 062
CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the thesis project entitled “A New Way of Living , A Methodology For Sustainable Way of Life ” is a bonafide work carried out by Venkatesh K 1RV13AT114 towards partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Architecture May 2017.
Guides
Principal
Ar. Anil Dube Ar. Nandita Ar. Ravi Ramachandran Ar. Vagish Naganur
Dr. O.P BAWANE Principal R.V College of Architecture
EXAMINERS: Signature Date
INTERNAL
EXTERNAL 1
EXTERNAL 2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am deeply indebted to my guides Ar.Anil Dube, Ar.Ravi Ramachandran, Ar.Nandita, Ar.Vagish Nagnur for their invaluable guidance and constructive criticism rendered during the course of the project. I wish to express my gratitude to Prof Dr.O.P.Bawane, Principal, R.V College of Architecture, under whose encouragement all possible facilities were provided for the successful completion of the project. My sincere thanks to Prof Nandita, Co-ordinator of Thesis Studio of R.V College of Architecture for the valuable support and guidance offered to me during the course of the project. Many thanks to Mr.Vasu (Cruthi Consultants) for their encouragement, guidance and suggestions at different stages through the execution of the project. I would also like to express my warm appreciation to the members of the faculty of the College for their kind co-operation during the course of my work. Several people have directly or indirectly contributed to the success of this project and writing of this report. It is my pleasure acknowledging the help of these people.
Venkatesh K
1RV13AT114
i
Dedicated to
Mr .Anil Dube , Parents and Friends.
ii
Table of Contents 1. Abstract
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2. Introduction 2.1 Concern
3
3. Background Study & Literature Review 3.1 Data Collection
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3.1.1. Farming 3.1.2. Hydroponics 3.1.3 Solar Energy 3.2 Literature Study
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3.2.1 The Vertical Farm 3.2.2 The Aspicious Trees 3.3.3 Sulinght or Solar for Plants 4. Analysis 4.1 Case Study
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4.2 Site Issues
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4.3 Conclusion And Design Intervention
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4.4 Site Details
18
5. Design 5.1 Form Exploration
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5.2 Sunpath Analysis
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5.3 Housing Typology
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5.4 Design Drawings
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6. References
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1.
ABSTRACT
Sustainable way of life People migrate from villages to urban for better environment and employment. 50% of the world population is urbanized now and will be 80% by 2050 . Hence farming has to be incorporated in tight urban environment for food production. A stand taken to discover a new method of living that doesn’t affect the nature and also that provides a better state of mind for living. Hence farming is incorporated with housing which supports food production and also acts as the recreational place in the urban land. Sunlight is the next generation energy source . Solar Energy is a non polluting energy source and at the same time the availability of it is infinite. So it is a very reliable energy source for future. So the idea was to use the entire solar energy incident on a building surface efficiently.The design intends to make sure that all the farms get about 6 hours of direct sunlight.The efficiency is a key factor in sustainability as the entire solar energy incident on a building is utilized for cultivation and for electrical energy(by means of solar panels), it reduces heat gain in the earths atmosphere. This thesis is an Exploration of a new built form which allows for 6 hours of direct sunlight for farmlands in all months . The energy dependency of the building relies completely on solar energy and food production on farmlands,hence making it completely sustainable.
1
2.
INTRODUCTION
Hypothesis A stand taken to discover a new method of living that doesn’t affect the nature and also that provides a better state of mind for living. Generate and uses its own energy and not to depend on energy sources from outside. Incorporates production of solar energy,production of food and the building is sustainable.
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2.1
THE CONCERN
Current Scenario City Vill age
Town
Migration Year 2016 2030 2050
World Urban Population 50% 60% 80%
Future Development
Recreational
Work
Hydroponics
Work
Hydroponics
Living Living
NEW METHODOLOGY FOR FUTURE DEVELOPMENT • Better State Of Mind
Living Food
• Farm with each house acts as the rcreational space itself
Work
Work / Farm / Living 3
3.
BACKGROUND STUDY & LITERATURE REVIEW
4
3.1
DATA COLLECTION
3.1.1
Farming
Plants generally need certain hours of direct sunlight throughout the day to produce good vegetables .it is generally 6 to 8 hours of direct sunlight .Minimum required is 6 hours
Root bearing plants by soil growth whereas other crops are by either hydroponics or soil growth
“What vegetables can I grow in partial sun/ partial shade?” But what if tall trees, fences or permanent structures keep your yard shady all day? Or your balcony container garden receives little to no sunlight? “What vegetables can I plant in shady areas?” is the number one gardening question customers ask me at the farmer’s market. Here’s a list of edibles that tolerate partial sun/partial shade: • Asparagus • Loose leaf lettuce • Garlic • Walking onions • Violets, edible flowers • Swiss chard • Kale • Beans • Blackberries • Radishes • Mushrooms 5
Vitamin d The two main ways to get vitamin D are by exposing your bare skin to sunlight and by taking vitamin D supplements. You can’t get the right amount of vitamin D your body needs from food. The most natural way to get vitamin D is by exposing your bare skin to sunlight (ultraviolet B rays). This can happen very quickly, particularly in the summer. You don’t need to tan or burn your skin to get vitamin D. You only need to expose your skin for around half the time it takes for your skin to turn pink and begin to burn. How much vitamin D is produced from sunlight depends on the time of day, where you live in the world and the color of your skin. The more skin you expose the more vitamin D is produced. 3.1.2
Hydroponics
Plants per square foot
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3.1.3
Solar Energy
Bangalore (12oN,77.5oE) Summer Equinox Winter
100.5 o 77.1 o 64.2 o
June 21 (Summer)
The Entire Incident Energy is Being Utilized By Solar panels and Farm
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3.2
3.2.1
LITERATURE STUDY
The Vertical Farm: Does It Make Sense? (Book Review)
Lloyd Alter (@lloydalter) Living / Culture October 25, 2010 Dr. Dickson Despommier’s concept of the vertical farm has spawned a flood of interesting architectural ideas that have filled pages of TreeHugger, and now fill the new book “The Vertical Farm.” The concept has been controversial, to say the least; I had hoped that a book about it might help resolve the controversy by making a solid case for the vertical farm that expands on Despommier’s original essay on the topic. Alas, it does not. The basic concept of the vertical farm revolves around creating a closed loop, where food is produced in the sealed vertical farm, gray water is purified through condensing transpired water, energy is produced by burning the waste in plasma arc incinerators, everything is used and the only thing that leaves the building is the food itself. “Waste will be replaced with the recovery of unrealized energy.” Despommier wonders why we have learned how to take care of ourselves and protect ourselves from the vagaries of the weather, but for some reason we still leave our plants carelessly outside. “For the majority, we humans are protected against the elements, yet we subject our food-bearing plants to the rigors of the great outdoors and can do no more than hope for a good weather year.” Fix Our Horizontal Farms Before We Go Vertical The vertical farm will change all that, creating perfect growing conditions and wasting nothing. The advantages: •
Year round production
•
no weather related crop failures
•
no agricultural runoff
•
allowance for ecosystem restoration
•
no use of pesticides, herbicides or fertilizers
•
use of 70-95 % less water 8
•
greatly reduced food miles
•
more control of food safety and security
•
new employment opportunities
•
purification of grey water to drinking water
•
animal feed from postharvest plant material
Despommier calls outdoor farming “an open-ended no-holds barred battle to the death between the crops we plant and those things that would consume them before they reach our plate.” He would solve this by growing plants the way Intel grows semiconductors: Designing double-lock entry doorways will allow for an additional level of protection against insects and microbes. Requiring all personnel to change into sterilized, disposable safety uniforms, shoe and hair coverings, and to shower before changing clothes, will minimize the risk of crop loss due to “hitchhikers” on items such as shoes.
3.2.2
Auspicious Plants and Trees
Vastu Sastra There are certain plants and trees which are auspicious for planting in the house compound. 1 Banana, champa, chameli, patal and other flower plants with pleasant smell. 2 Banyan tree in east, Gular in south, Pipal in west and Pakad in north. 3 Basil anywhere in the compound. LINK: http://eventsconstruction.com/vaastu_important_rules.asp
3.3.3
SUNLIGHT OR SOLAR FOR PLANTS?
1. Plants do not absorb 100% of the light that hits them. In fact, they have an extremely low light intake efficiency, about 3% (although most crops range anywhere from around 1-4%). Solar panels are more efficient in light absorption, but still far from complete. The best available photo voltaic cells have about a 20% efficiency (A paper has been recently published in a peer reviewed journal that says they obtained 44%, so hopefully that improves soon). So, a properly designed vertical farm that utilizes natural light in the exact same manner as a greenhouse (We have been building skyscrapers that are solid glass facades for decades now, this is more than possible even in cold climate regions like the one I live in here in Canada), or by simple means of an open concept in warm regions, we can easily utilize natural light, as well as solar power, and still not even come close to harnessing half the energy from the sun. Efficiency is all about how much we can harness in one space, not in what single method works best with our current limitations. 2. We don’t have enough farmland, and shipping produce thousands of miles by the use of thousands of gallons of fossil fuels that crank out greenhouse emissions is not a viable solution to refuse to innovate new methods of improving sustainability. 9
The current carbon tax laws that are being implemented here in Canada within a year will surely make it more sustainable, economically, to grow produce locally, and avoid this extremely wasteful shipping process. Of course, this doesn’t even begin to account for the massive loss of produce that occurs over the shipping time, as well as the extremely well documented destruction caused by monocular farming that produces this internationally shipped produce. 3. Crop ranges are only limited by our current abilities, and refusing to innovate and develop new technologies is not the answer to get us out of our current problems. As it stands, there are many viable crops that can be generated in vertical gardens, from leafy greens, to vines, to fruit bearing pants. In fact, the only real limit, as it stands, is the production of root vegetables due to the soil less methods used in most vertical farms. This isn’t to say that we can never grow these in soil less or vertical conditions....but we definitely won’t be able to by doing nothing. The current production from these vertical farms tends to be limited, not by the physical possibilities of what can be grown, but by the economic value of it. The production time for crops like lettuce, spinach, kale, etc. is insanely low with these methods, and as a result, that is where the greatest profit margins are. Even still, were we to build such vertical gardens for their growth, that would alleviate any crops producing these, and thus give us more farmland to utilize for the crops that can’t be grown vertically, or that have limited economic value as of yet. Over time, the sustainability and economic value of other crops will make them worth growing as well. The bottom line, by shutting off your mind to potential ideas from others, rather than work together to find reasonable solutions, is hardly the right way to move forward in the world. Innovation is what will bring about the changes needed to feed the insanely fast growing population of Earth. There will be billions more mouths to feed within some of our lifetimes, and that is a real problem with our current wasteful practice. Changes are necessary....and if you live in a region like I do that sees the temperature below freezing for 6 months of the year, then you really need to consider alternatives to traditional agriculture on land plots if you plan to feed yourself and your family once carbon taxes start making it non viable to ship produce in from unsustainable monculture farms.
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4.
ANALYSIS
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4.1
CASE STUDY
Case 1: Agora Garden by Vincent Callebaut, Taiwan
Agora Garden by Vincent Callebaut (here the program is the housing with farming but the amount of sunlight which falls on the farm throughout the year is not so efficient.It is only 3hours of direct sumlight)
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Case 2: Proposal by Christian Coop
Shadow-free skyscrapers would redirect the sun’s rays to public plazas A concept for "shadowless" skyscrapers that redirect sunlight to public spaces could work for tall buildings anywhere in the world, say the London designers behind the proposal. Architecture firm NBBJ developed proposals for two twisting towers on a side in North Greenwich, London, that bounce light between them down to a public space that would otherwise be in their shadow.
Led by design director Christian Coop, NBBJ's head of computational design David Kosdruy, and architectural assistant James Pinkerton, the team created the design as part of a research project to see if they could make "shadowless" skyscrapers. "We like to push the boundaries of what is achievable with design computation by developing new applications like the No Shadow Tower," the designers told Dezeen. "The algorithm design for the tower is based on the law of reflection. Our facade has varying angles of panels that distribute light over a certain area at multiple times during the day." The reflective panels on the twin skyscrapers could reduce the amount of shadow they cast by up to 50 per cent, according to the team. Light would be reflected from the individual panels that form the skin of the building, down into a public space at the base of the towers. 13
Case 3: The Suite Vollard, Brazil
Luxirious Housing •
To Rotate,It has a node which has kitchen and toilet.
• 30 years rotating Durability.
The Suite Vollard, located in the Ecoville District in Curitiba, Brazil, is the world’s first rotating building. There have been a handful of predecessors who have attempted to design rotating living environments, but it required the architectural genius of Bruno de Franco for this vision to come to fruition. The Suite Vollard, located in the Ecoville District in Curitiba, Brazil, is the world’s first rotating building. There have been a handful of predecessors who have attempted to design rotating living environments, but it required the architectural genius of Bruno de Franco for this vision to come to fruition.The Suite Vollard was named in homage to Pablo Picasso’s collection of etchings, the Vollard Suite, which was held on display when the building was inaugurated. There are 15 floors, 11 of which are apartments. 14
Case 4: Mithun Centre For Urban Farming This building reveals the ecological process in a way that allows residents and people passing by to understand the interconnected structure Conceived as a “living building� which draws resources from its immediate environment to become self-sufficient, the proposal for the Center for Urban Agriculture features gray and rain water collection systems, photovoltaic cells, vegetable gardens, greenhouses and a chicken farm. The 318 apartments in the building are retrofitted shipping containers which are built into the vertical structure.
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4.2
SITE ISSUES
Issue 1: Parking banned on M.G. Road Parking of vehicles are banned on M.G. Road from Queens Circle to Trinity Church Circle, Queens Road, from Queens Circle to C.T.O, Brigade Road, from Cauvery Arts & Crafts junction to Church Street junction, Church Street, from its junction with Brigade Road on the East towards Museum Road junction on the West, Museum Road, from Empire Hotel to M G Road Junction, Kamaraja Road, from Cauvery Art & Crafts junction to Cubbon Road junction, Central Street, from its junction with Anil Kumble circle on the South towards Shivajinagar Bus Stand on the North, Cubbon Road, from its junction with C.T.O. Circle on West towards Manipal Centre on the East, Infantry Road, from its junction with Traffic Head Quarters on East towards Main Guard Cross Road on the West, Main Guard Cross Road, from its junction with Infantry Road on the North towards Cubbon Road on South. Parking spaces alloted Parking spaces have been arranged at B.R.V. Ground, second floor of BW.M.T.C. Bus Stand, Shivajinagar, Kamaraja road (Infront of Army Public School), opposite to Safina Plaza and R.B.N.M.S. School ground. The public are requested to use the Metro train or public transport service to avoid congestion. (Source:THE HINDU NEWSPAPER)*
Issue 2: Parking: Not many shop on Brigade, MG Road anymore By Athira Nair, ET Bureau | Updated: Jun 03, 2015, 10.05 AM IST BENGALURU: Once the city's ultimate shopping havens, MG Road and Brigade Road are now losing their charisma, what with an acute shortage of parking space and high rentals. Business in the area has dropped significantly in the past few years, pushing many domestic and international brands away . Brigade Road, despite having a metered parking facility , has not given shop-owners a reason to smile. "Many outlets including that of Levi's have closed down.Another is closing next month.Planet M has decided to stay only after its rent was reduced by half.Outlets of Spykar, Arrow and UniverCell have been vacant for ages. Real estate rates on Brigade Road have dipped about 40% in the past five years: from `500sqft in 2010 to `250-300 in 2015," said Suhail Yusuff, secretary of the Brigade Shops and Establishments Association (BSEA). MG Road, which was most sought after for office space, has lost favour as most buildings provide parking space only for two or four cars at best. Shabeer Sait, executive head of operations at Irshads Property Matters, said: "CBD areas are full of old structures with no basements.Nobody anticipated this kind of growth in Bengaluru, and parking never seemed an issue then.Even if infrastructure is redeveloped by demolishing and rebuilding these structures, the rentals may not match up." Gautam Chand, managing director, Navrathan Jewellers on MG Road, said: "Customers naturally prefer jewellery shops with their own parking space. We are losing business - by about 5-10% decline in customer footfall every year." "I park my car in Bangalore Club and walk to MG Road as even auto-rickshaws get stuck in traffic jams," says Darius Taraporewallah, who has been living in the city for 16
45 years. He added that the traffic problem in the city has worsened in the past 15 years. Experts believe that the decline of these premier roads will continue since retailers have more options now: Whitefield is turning into a city in itself, bettering the best of the shopping centres of central Bengaluru; Indiranagar, which is connected by the metro to MG Road, Kalyan Nagar in the east and Koramangala have been countermagnets. (SOURCE: TIMES OF INDIA)* 4.3. CONCLUSION AND DESIGN INTERVENTION
Existing Vehicular Movement
ENTRY & EXIT
ENTRY
Proposed Parking Entry And Exit to the Site Exit is only on cubbon Road , So that the Traffic Congestion In Mg Road Is Eased Out.
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4.4
SITE DETAILS
Population Growth (Bangalore) Population of Bangalore in 2016 Population in 2015 Population of Bangalore in 2014 Population of Bangalore in 2013 Population of Bangalore in 2011
11,556,907 10,839,725 10,178,146 9,556,945 8,425,970 The design is placed at the Centre of bangalore Where the poplation is most concentrated Hence the idea of sustainable design in the centre of city acts as an Exhibit For Future Sustainable Development.
The Site sits at Edge of the Green Belt Coherent With the Idea Of Sustainabilty intended in the Design.
The current Landuse Around Mg road Is mostly Commercial. Introducing A residential Landuse Creates A LIve Work Situation .Thus Reducing The pollution By Everyday Transportation.
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The site chosen is in the centre of Bangalore (Near Mg road ) which is 6.5 acres . The site is chosen in the heart of city so as it will stand as a exhibit for sustainable buildings in future. Plant growth is throughout the year in places of moderate climate like Bangalore.
There is lack of parking space and public node space in mg road. So, providing a space supports the public necessity in lower floors.
The site is placed at the core of bangalore metro route .Hence promoting the use of public transport thus having a positive environmental impact on the city.
Conceptual sketch of tower,public facility and the road
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High Public movement at Mg road hence the design proposal acts a good exhibit.
Traffic congestion at Mg road Hence only entry for parking Through Mg Road
Existing Military Housing Near the Site Huge Rain trees Throughout The site.
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5.
DESIGN
21
5.1
1
FORM EXPLORATION
2
3
Exploration of VArious For to Get 6 Hours of Direct Sunlight THroughout the Year 4
5
22
6
Service through the building
7 Arrival of the Final Built Form Which Gets 6 hours OF Direct Sunlight Throughout the Year
Weather Analysis Analysis Done to understand the heat gain of the building during the course of the day.
The design Strategy aims to respond to climate in such a way that during winter the sunlight penetrates the building to provide the necessary heat gain but during summer the heat gain is cut off by lesser light penetration
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5.2
SUNPATH ANALYSIS
The spacing between the towers is 35 meters to ensure that one tower doesnt cast shadow on another at any point of time as evident with the following images.
10 AM
12:30 PM D E C E M B E R 2 1 st Winter solistics
S E P T E M B E R 2 1 st Equinox
J U N E 2 1 st Summer solistics
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4:30 PM
5.3
HOUSING TYPOLOGY
The Number of Houses in a row
1.
Two units Depending on One Farm
2.
Single unit Depending on a Farm
As 130m2 of Farm Can Support Only One househould Througout the year for Food Production
Conceptual Ideas
Water Movement to the Core
Air Movement fig 1
fig 2
Core Light & ventilation
Fig 2 helps in a better interaction between the units . Hence common space for every two floors 25
5.4
DESIGN DRAWINGS
Master Plan PROGRAM DETAILS Program is housing with open spaces for growing their own crops. Those open spaces will act as the recreational space.Public Eateries , Gathering Space which Is a lack in mg road and seminar halls for awareness about sustainability and outlets for farm related utilitiesPublic parking facility is a need in mg road. Amneties
House Parking Mall
area
200m2 3200m2 1600m2
2towers
2x24 2x3 2x2
area
9600m2 19200m2 6400m2
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Total Built Up 35000m2
27
28
29
30
31
32
The Towers are are placed in such a way that one tower doesn’t cast shadow on another at any point of time .
View At the Entry Level. Double Height Public Space (Podium) at the Base and Housing Cantilevered from the Core.
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Each and Every Unit is Cantilevered from the core seperately.The cantilever is about 23 m from the core. The Individual Unit is Radiated in such a way that the centre of Gravity Acts At the Centre.
34
Staggering Housing Units With Farmlands
Daylight Entering on Both sides Due To Linear form 35
SINGLE HOUSE UNIT
36
DESIGN DETAIL
Sandwich Wall Detail
Light weight Walls Like puf Walls and Dry walls Are used to reduce the Weight on Cantilever Steel and Concrete are the major Debris Across the World And Steel Can be Recycled Any Number of Times with the energy necassity to recycle is much less than the energy require to manufacture it. The building is with concrete (40%) and steel (60%)
37
Design detail Drawings
Sectional Detail
Plan
Prtal Frame instead of Bracing
Elevation 38
Cantilever Fixing to the Core.
Fixing Oof Comfloor to the BoxSection
HEAT ON THE EXPOSED WALL
Air Movement and Ventilation 39
Structure From Mg Road Light inside house at various months
From Inside
September
Double Height Space in Core
June
The Figures In The Left indicates the amount of sunlight entering the individual unit at various Months The Suttle Colour of Greenary ,Grey and Wood provides a better calm mindset to the user
View of Sitout December
40
s months
From Metro
From Mg Road
From Metro
From Mg Road
various months
er
er
Day light in in Interior Interior Day light
Double Height Space in Core Double Height Space in Core
View of Sitout
View of Sitout
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6.
REFERENCES
https://www.dezeen.com/2013/04/05/agora-garden-by-vincent-callebaut/ http://www.livestrong.com/article/427355-are-hydroponic-vegetables-healthy/ http://www.psychology4all.com/environmentalpsychology.html *http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/vehicle-restrictions-for-open-streeton-mg-road/article8261861.ece *http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/no-parking-not-many-shop-on-brigade-mg-road-anymore/articleshow/47523062.cms http://www.treehugger.com/green-architecture/vertical-farms-wrong-so-many-levels. html http://www.thehealthyhomeeconomist.com/organic-hydroponic-produce-not-for-me/ http://www.google.com. http://www.naturalnews.com/021632_Aerogrow_Aerogarden.html http://aeroponicsdiy.com/aeroponic-nutrient-solution/ http://builtconstructions.in/onlinemagazine/Bangalore/Pages/Rapid-Affordable-Mass-Housing-Using-364.aspx http://suncalc.net/#/12.9606,77.6143,6/2017.01.10/12:42 https://www.theartofdoingstuff.com/vegetable-garden-planshow-much-room-will-getyou-how-many-vegetables/
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