Two Men of Mourne

Two men of Mourne

Photographs by Pat Hudson and Cecil Newman Karen Logan and M Lesley Simpson

Down Survey 2013 Yearbook of Down County Museum

Two men of Mourne

Photographs by Pat Hudson and Cecil Newman

Karen Logan and M Lesley Simpson

Down Survey 2013 Yearbook of Down County Museum

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner and publisher of this book.

Text © Down County Museum and authors Images © The Hudson and Newman families and Down County Museum unless otherwise stated

ISBN

Down Survey is a benefit of the membership of the Friends of Down County Museum. Membership information is available from the museum at:

The Mall, Downpatrick, County Down BT30 6AH

Telephone: 028 4461 5218 Fax: 028 4461 5590 E-mail: museum@downdc.gov.uk

Photographs copied and prepared for publication by Allen Thompson and Peadar Curran Designed by April Sky Design, www.aprilsky.co.uk

Printed by GPS Colour Graphics Ltd, Belfast Published by Down County Museum

Front cover: Resting Roadmen, Jim Canavan and Matt Rooney, photographed by Pat Hudson, August 1943. (H-192) Back cover: Attical, photographed by Cecil Newman, 29 May 1966. (N-198)

Research supported by

The Northern Ireland Museums Council

Publication supported by The Friends of Down County Museum

CoNTeNTs

Page Map 4 Foreword 5

Part 1: Pat Hudson

1. Introduction 9

2. The landscape 13 3. Town and country 23 4. People 33 5. Farming the land 47 6. The sea 57

Part 2: Cecil Newman

1. Introduction 75 2. Landscape and land use 79 3. Planning and development 91 4. Towns and villages 111 5. Archaeological and historic sites 141 6. Leisure 157

THe MoURNes

Base: Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 scale map reduced to 1:200,000.

NEWRY

Rathfriland

Hilltown

Mayobridge

Warrenpoint

Carlingford Mountain

Lough Islandreavy

Pigeon Rock Slievemoughanmore

Eagle Mountain Shanlieve Finlieve

Rostrevor

CarlingfordLough

Deers Meadow

Slieve Meelmore

Castlewellan

Bryansford Newcastle Kilcoo

Slieve Muck

Castlewellan Castle Maghera Church Tollymore

Dundrum Castle Hilltown Motte

Slieve Donard Slieve Bearnagh

Ben Crom

Silent Valley

Chimney Rock

Slieve Binnian Slievenagloch

Slievenagore

Annalong Attical

Aughrim Hill Knockchree

Kilkeel Cran eld

THE photographic archive in Down County Museum is an especially important part of the collection. We have already published two volumes of photographs in the Down Survey series, representing the work of D J McNeill and Thomas Gribben. This latest volume is but a further stage in making the archive more accessible.

The most important acknowledgement must go to the two photographers whose work is included here. The photographs which they took of the Mournes and south Down date from different decades and were taken for different purposes but both men were brilliant photographers and deserve wider recognition. While the selection in this book is only a sample of their life’s work, it demonstrates the high technical and aesthetic quality as well as the historical significance of the images.

Thank you also to the families for their generosity in allowing the Museum to use the photographs. I first came across Pat Hudson’s photographs through his sister, Catherine, who has been closely involved with groups recording the history of Kilkeel. Pat left Ireland in 1949 but maintained close links with his family back home. I would like to record my thanks to Catherine for liaising between us. As a result, Pat very kindly lent negatives to the Museum for copying, in 1993-94. From these, we selected 197 images of south Down; some of these have been used in exhibitions, firstly in Kilkeel itself in 1995, and later in the Museum and other venues. A few images have also been published in previous yearbooks. Most of these photographs were taken in the late 1930s and 1940s. They capture not only the people of those decades and what life was like for them, but also emphasise the strong sense of place and identity of this part of County Down. In 1997, Pat provided photographs for an exhibition, Sense of Place, at the Ulster New Zealand Trust’s headquarters at The Ballance House, Glenavy, Co Antrim. John Ballance, who was born in a cottage next to this house, went on to become Premier of New Zealand, 1891-93. The collaborative exhibition, between Down County Museum and the Ulster New Zealand Trust, included photographs of Pat’s former and current homes – Down and New Zealand.

It was with great sadness that I heard of Pat’s death in 2011. I had been intending to publish a book of his photographs for some time and I am sorry that he is no longer with us to see this finally completed. I am very grateful to Catherine Hudson for keeping in contact with the Museum and for lending more of Pat’s photographs for copying, especially those of the family and Pat himself. Over a thousand of Cecil Newman’s photographs, mostly relating to County Down, were given to the Museum by Professor Ronald Buchanan, in 1992-1993. Photographs from other parts of Northern Ireland were at the same time deposited with the Ulster Museum. An outstanding feature of these photographs is that almost all are accompanied, not only by dates, but also by an Ordnance Survey map grid reference. Thanks are due to Ronnie, Noel Mitchel and Ernie Cromie, who were close friends of Cecil Newman, for their help with biographical information and putting us in contact with his family. Between the images which National Museums Northern Ireland now have on their website, and this book, we hope that Cecil Newman’s son, Michael and daughter, Pat, will feel that their father’s work has been properly recognised. Research and documentation on these photographs began in Down County Museum in 2011, following the offer of grant aid from the Northern Ireland Museums Council. Karen Logan was appointed to carry out the initial work. I am very grateful that Karen has been able to continue the work through to the final stages, to ensure publication, and the whole of the text and captions for this section of the book was prepared by her.

I must also thank three other photographers – former Museum Photographer, Allen Thompson, was responsible for originally copying the negatives sent from New Zealand by Pat Hudson. The entire Hudson collection was digitised by Peadar Curran, as one of his first projects after being appointed as Museum Photographer in December 2010. Peadar then went on to digitise the Newman Collection. This was part of the Museum’s planned digitisation programme, with the aim of making a greater range of images available, for exhibitions, books and other publications, the website and for individuals, whether

students, scholars or for general interest. Bryan Rutledge, formerly photographer at the Ulster Museum but now working independently, also assisted the Museum when we needed extra help.

As usual, this book is the result of several years’ work –from collection, through documentation and research, to final publication. It was the former Down County Museum Director, Dr Brian Turner, who first helped me to understand how important photographs are for a social history museum. Other members of staff, including Madeleine McAllister, Assistant Keeper of Collections and Linda McKenna, Education Manager, have contributed with advice, information and practical assistance. Paula McAnulty, volunteer at the Museum for the last five years, has done an incredible amount of work, transferring negatives and prints into archival storage and typing information into spreadsheets. I particularly appreciate the support of Mike King, Museum Curator, in recognising the significance of the Museum’s photographic archive, and ensuring that projects such as this continue to be at the core of the museum’s work. Colleagues at National Museums Northern Ireland, in particular William Blair, Clifford

Harkness and Moira Concannon, have been extremely helpful, especially with the Newman Collection. Thank you to all those other friends and colleagues who helped to identify buildings or people in the photographs and supplied lots of background information. Financial assistance from the Northern Ireland Museums Council, through the invaluable research grant aid programme, enabled us to plan the whole project, culminating in this book. The Friends of the Museum have assisted as usual with their financial support. No major projects can be achieved without this kind of team collaboration and I am grateful to all those concerned.

I hope that this book will act as a tribute to the memory of both ‘Men of Mourne’ and the quality of their work revealed to a wider audience. Whether landscapes, townscapes, buildings or the working people of south Down, all are shown with great feeling and often humour too.

M Lesley s impson Keeper of Collections 2013

change

These two photographs reveal the sense of humour of both men – while their work was of an incredibly high standard and provides such a significant resource, they clearly enjoyed what they did. Here, Pat’s reference to the cinema in the 1930s/1940s, and Cecil’s to a television programme in the 1960s, emphasise this.

Part 1

Part 1 Photographs by Pat Hudson (1920-2011) ??????

Photographs by Pat Hudson (1920-2011)

1.1. The Hudson family in 1970. Left to right: Mary, Brigid, Gerard, Catherine, Josephine, Teresa, Mother and Father (Brigid and John E), Dympna and Patrick. (H-193)

Part 1 Photographs by Pat Hudson (1920-2011)

1.2. This photograph may have been taken in the 1920s by Pat Hudson’s father, who worked at O’Hagan and O’Hare’s chemist’s shop, in Newry. (H-082)

1. Introduction

PATRICK John Hudson was born on the 7th August 1920 in Newry, Co Down. His father, John E Hudson, was manager of O’Hagan and O’Hare’s chemist’s shop in Newry. In 1925, the family moved to nearby Kilkeel, where John opened his own business. At that time, John and his wife Brigid had four children – Pat and three girls. Another three girls and a boy were born in Kilkeel. The family lived in a house on Newry Street, with a large, overgrown wilderness, which

was transformed over the years by Pat’s father into a lovely garden. With well-established trees and old outhouses, the garden became a haven for the children, not least for Pat, whose vivid imagination and adventurous spirit were evident in early essays and other schoolwork, where he told stories of marauding lions or plundering pirates. With little effort, anything in the garden could be adapted for whatever ‘prop’ was required.

At an early age, with the help of his father and

1.5.

1.3. The Hudson’s shop in Kilkeel. (H-038)

1.4. This view is of Newry Street, Kilkeel, from St Colman’s Church tower, looking west towards Newry, 1948. (H-052)

Pat as a small boy, 1927 (H-195)

Part 1 Photographs by Pat Hudson (1920-2011)

1.6 Chaffinch on the handle of a graipe – one of Pat’s early nature study photographs. (H-198)

a box Brownie camera, Pat began a lifelong love affair with photography and nature study. He constructed a makeshift ‘hide’, from which he was able to photograph birds in the garden, and, as he progressed it became clear that the artist in him was manifesting itself in the composition of his subjects.

Pat attended St Colman’s Elementary School near to his home. It was situated on a hill, overlooking the rolling countryside, with a magnificent backdrop of the Mountains of Mourne. He was a bright pupil and had the advantage of a teacher with an MA, who, at that time, was really overqualified to teach in a primary school, but was able to give advanced tuition. There was no secondary or grammar school for boys in the area so this help, along with some private tuition, enabled Pat to pass the Matriculation examination. He was then able to enrol at Belfast College of Technology, where, after serving his time at the same chemist’s shop in Newry where his father had worked, Pat qualified as a pharmaceutical chemist.

Time spent doing ‘locums’ around the county let Pat get to know other locations. He was a keen hill walker and formed a rambling club, tramping the Mournes with his friends and his camera. He also had a great love for classical music and often had musical evenings with his friends, using gramophone records.

Pat worked at his father’s pharmacy and used Kilkeel as a base to further explore Ireland and then Europe, always, of course, with his camera. However, this did not satisfy his inquisitive and adventurous spirit and in 1949 he went to work in an East African pharmacy combined with a photographic department Here, the climate, animals and scenery, especially the mountains, gave him many happy years. He climbed Mount Kenya and Kilimanjaro on several occasions. He was also a keen tennis player.

He spent a short time in Jersey before deciding on new horizons and emigrated to Australia. After a few years, he returned and lived in the south of England until, in 1974, he, his wife and children

Pat Hudson (1920-2011) Introduction

1.7. Pat in a chemistry laboratory, 19xx. (H-197)

1.8. Catherine Hudson thinks this is probably Pat himself, stopping during a walk to look at the view. Undated. (H-101)

left for New Zealand. They lived in various locations, on both South and North Islands, but finally settled in 1988, in the beautiful Algies Bay

While there were threats to cease taking any more photographs, the temptation of a certain sunrise, a flowering shrub, an exotic parrot, boats in the bay or a nesting blackbird,

not to mention family photographs, proved too difficult to overcome. As a result, a camera, a book and some classical music were in evidence to the end of his life.

Catherine Hudson 2013

1.9 to1.11. Pat’s images of life in New Zealand continued to reflect his major interests in the landscape – mountains and sea – and people. (H-248, H-247 and H-246)

1.12. Pat in New Zealand, 19xx. (H-200)

Pat said that he hadn’t known anyone else use this particular name and wondered where he got it from. He never saw the ‘new’ dam behind the Silent Valley but thought it could be his ‘Luregan Valley’. In the valley between the peaks is probably the Annalong River.

(H-010)

2.11 Luregan Valley, Mournes, 1948

2. The Landscape

The Mourne landscape is characterised by high peaks, cultivated lowlands and coastal margins. This contrast, ‘Where the Mountains o’ Mourne sweep down to the sea’, as the Percy French song so memorably describes it, is surely part of their appeal. The Mourne Mountain range is not vast in extent but manages to be both remote

and challenging, yet familiar and accessible at the same time. The area has long attracted photographers and artists as well as walkers and climbers. These photographs of the landscape, at all seasons, clearly show Pat Hudson’s love of the land.

2.1 to

2.6

The Mournes

Pat took these six photographs so they could be joined together to give a panoramic view of the Mournes.

(Photograph published in Kilkeel Urban District Council handbook, 1940s)

(H-102 to H107)

Part 1 Photographs by Pat Hudson (1920-2011) The Landscape

1

2.7 – 2.8 Winter in the Mournes series, 1947

These are just two of many different views taken by Pat in February 1947. The photograph above was taken from Tullyree, with the Trassey Bridge and Shimna River in the foreground. In the background are Slieve Bearnagh, Spellack and Slieve Meelmore. This image was published by E Estyn Evans in his book, Mourne Country. You can see a similar view, taken by Cecil Newman, later in this book (Part 2, Chapter 2, N-903). (H-119 and H-008)

Part

Photographs by Pat Hudson (1920-2011) The Landscape

1 Photographs by Pat Hudson (1920-2011) The Landscape

Part 1 Photographs by Pat Hudson (1920-2011) The Landscape

2.9 Mournes under snow series, 1947

The image on the right had also been published in E Estyn Evans’ Mourne Country. (H-121 and H-122)

1 Photographs by Pat Hudson (1920-2011) The Landscape

2.12 View from Binnian, 1938. (H-006)

Part 1 Photographs by

(1920-2011) The Landscape

2.13 The Mournes from the sea This is probably looking across Mill Bay, towards the Mournes. (H-133)

Pat Hudson

2.14 Whitewater at Mourne Park

This scene was photographed at Ballyrogan, Mourne Park Td, Lisnacree, 1940. The estate at Mourne Park, near Kilkeel, had been granted to Nicholas Bagenal in the sixteenth century. The house was re-built in 1806 by Francis Needham, later first earl of Kilmorey, but destroyed by fire in May 2013.

(H-076)

Photographs by Pat Hudson (1920-2011) The Landscape

3.1 Kilkeel, 1949

The name of the town derives from the Irish Cil Chaoil, meaning ‘narrow church’. Kilkeel is still the main fishing port on the County Down coast, although much decimated compared with earlier times. It was also once an important centre for boatbuilding (see photograph by Pat in Chapter 6, H-030).

(H-048)

3. Town and Country

Pat was primarily recording the places he lived in or loved, for his own interest, and also using photography as an art form. As a result, many of his photographs are quite different in character from others in the Museum collection. They

provide striking images of town and country in the mid twentieth century. In addition to photographs of Kilkeel and Newry there are views of farms and other buildings in and around the Mournes.

1 Photographs by Pat Hudson (1920-2011)

3.2 Circus (probably duffy’s), on the Manse Road, Kilkeel, July 1946

Pat photographed Duffy’s Circus caravans on the Manse Road Kilkeel. The use of horses for transport and in farming was still commonplace in the 1940s. This is one of the most obvious changes you can see when comparing Pat’s with Cecil’s photographs.

(H-057)

Photographs by Pat Hudson (1920-2011) Town and Country

3.3 Greencastle, Cranfield, 1947

This royal castle was built by the Normans in the mid-thirteenth century, to defend the northern shore of Carlingford Lough. It had an eventful military history, altered and added to in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. The site was excavated in 1951.

(H-020)

3.4 Margaret s quare, Newry

Compare this with Cecil Newman’s photograph of the same view, taken about twenty years later. The type and number of cars in the picture are the most obvious differences. The Green Clock, seen on the right is said to have been powered by gas. Check the time shown on the clock in Cecil’s photograph – did time stand still for twenty years?

(H-086)

Photographs by Pat Hudson (1920-2011) Town and Country

3.5 Reflections, on the Newry Canal, 1938 Photographed across the canal in Newry is the Riverside Reformed Presbyterian Church, designed by William J Barre in a Lombardo-Venetian style. This was quite unusual for a dissenting church. (H-079)

3.6 High Church, Newry

Known as the High Church because of its elevated position, St Patrick’s Church was built in 1578 for Protestant worship. It was the first church in Ireland to be built for this purpose rather than being converted from an earlier church. Much of the slum housing seen here in the foreground was derelict and in the process of demolition when Cecil was photographing the same area twenty years later.

(H-080)

Photographs by Pat Hudson (1920-2011) Town and Country

3.7 The s avoy Cinema, Newry, 1940

The poster outside is advertising A girl must live, starring Margaret Lockwood. Going to the cinema was an important part of many people’s social lives in the 1930s and 1940s, before television took over. Even quite small towns had purpose-built cinemas and their art-deco architectural style is usually still recognisable, even when the building’s function has changed, as has happened with this building.

(H-084)

3.8 ‘Reflections’, February 1944

This is probably a lock-keeper’s house on the Newry canal but hasn’t yet been identified. (H-166)

Part 1 Photographs by Pat Hudson (1920-2011) Town and Country

3.9 and 3.10

Traditional houses

There were still many thatched houses in the Mournes until the second half of the twentieth century. However, even when Pat was photographing the area, traditional houses were being abandoned, as people expected better living conditions or moved to towns for work.

Pat photographed the thatched cottage during a visit home in 1956.

(H-181 and H-164)

Part 1 Photographs by Pat Hudson (1920-2011) Town and Country

(H-008)

Photographs by Pat Hudson (1920-2011)

4.1 Photograph from a series, Winter in the Mournes, February 1947 Jim McVeigh is standing by what looks like road-building machinery, probably in the Silent Valley.

4. The People

Pat’s gift for capturing the character of the people of south Down, workers and walkers, children, friends and neighbours, was remarkable. These photographs show a very different world from

that photographed by Cecil Newman only twenty years later, while the contrast with today is hard to comprehend.

4.2 Along Brandy Pad, January 1946

A sign of the times is that all of the women are wearing skirts, not trousers.

(H-110)

4.3 surveying the view

It is interesting to note that these two men are dressed in their ordinary clothes, not the special walking gear that we would now expect to see.

(H-116)

4.4 – 4.5 Two stonemasons, 1956

On the right is Cecil Cousins. We haven’t been able to identify the man on the right. (H-180) (left) (H-182) (right)

Photographs by Pat Hudson (1920-2011) The People

Hudson (1920-2011) The People

4.6 Caption old thatched forge, Glenloughan, Lisnacree, 1945 While horses were still in common use, blacksmiths were needed in most towns and villages. Note all the old horse shoes piled in a corner on the left of the photograph and the tool box shaped like an anvil.

(H-072)

4.8

1 Photographs by Pat Hudson (1920-2011) The People

4.7 The Village Blacksmith 1942. (H-183)

Barney s loan, July 1943 A particularly striking portrait. (H-179)

4.9 Auction at J Curran’s, 1948

Pat took this photograph of an auction, probably for letting or selling land or property, outside Joe Curran’s house at 36 Newry Street, Kilkeel (opposite the Hudson family home). The auctioneer, Joe Curran, is standing centre back with solicitor, John Haughey. (H-005)

4.10 McCarthy Fish and Fruit Importers’ lorry

This lorry from Cootehill in Co Armagh was photographed on Newry Street, Kilkeel, 1940. It was probably on the way to the harbour to collect fresh fish. ? The man sitting on the lorry was called McCarthy.

(H-056)

Part 1 Photographs by Pat Hudson (1920-2011) The People

4.11 YMCA workers, s eptember 1945

This canteen was probably established during the war, primarily to cater for military personnel. The YMCA (Young Men’s Christian Association) was founded in England in 1844. A major voluntary sector provider, it now supports young people, in a variety of ways, throughout the world.

Left to right: Uriah Graham, Jim Graham, Norma Hanna, Anna Chambers, May Edgar, Fanny Chambers, Marjorie McKee, Alex Girvan. (H-135)

Part 1 Photographs by Pat Hudson (1920-2011) The People

4.12 GI brides and friends, April 1946

The First Armored Division of the US Army arrived in County Down in 1942, prior to duty in Europe. Their headquarters was Castlewellan Castle but there were bases elsewhere, including the Old Gaol in Downpatrick (now the Museum). This photograph was taken at a farewell dinner in the Royal Hotel, Kilkeel, reminds us of one of the many ways local society was affected. From left to right around the table are Florrie Scott, Etta Cole, Patricia Donnan, Bridie Hogg, Mary Kearney, Sybil Kearney, Mary Catherine Cole, Mary and Josie Rodgers, ?, Madge Graham, Peggy Gorman, Frances Kearney, Eileen McKibbin, Ellie Donnan, Laura Rossi and Annie Marks. (H-068)

Part 1 Photographs by Pat Hudson (1920-2011) The People

4.14 This is an unusual and therefore particularly interesting school photograph, taken inside the classroom, rather than with children outside in formal rows.

Back row: Arthur Doran (the Principal), Leo Cunningham, Justin Phillips, Phil Higgins, Vera (Quinn) Cunningham, Willie Phillips, John Phillips.

2nd row: Annie Morgan, Maureen Rooney, Mary McKibben, Marie (Quinn) Leary.

3rd row: Tommy Cunningham, Thomas Rooney, Tom Higgins, John Quinn.

4th row: Kathleen (McCartan) Rooney, Josephine (Phillips) Brown, Maureen (Dick) Shields.

5th row: Edmund Phillips, Nicky Sloan, Tommy Sloan, James Quinn.

6th row: Helen Cunningham, Bridie (Phillips) Smyth, Rose (Quinn) Crawford, Una (Quinn) Rice.

Front row: Joe Rooney, Henry Phillips, Bertille Phillips, Jim Dick. (H-012)

Part 1 Photographs by

(1920-2011) The People

4.13 Brackney school, March 1945

This school building, located off the road to the Silent Valley, is typical of many rural primary schools of the time. The building later became the Irish Mountaineering Club hut. (H-014)

4.15 Brackney school

A group of younger children at the school. (H-016)

Pat Hudson

4.17 Dog cart, April 1947

The young boy being pulled in the cart was a member of the Doyle family.

(H-184)

Part 1 Photographs by Pat Hudson (1920-2011) The People

5.1 Farm yard with hens

The wooden plough in the right foreground is typical of those used in the Mournes, well into the twentieth century. A plough like this in the Museum’s collection came from Dunavil, Kilkeel.

(H-187)

5. Farming the Land

The physical landscape is a limiting factor in how farms have developed in south Down. The quality of the soil, aspect and slope elevation all contribute to this. The main crops are potatoes, oats and hay, but much of the land is only suitable as pasture for livestock. Sheep grazing and afforestation have

enabled farmers to make greater use of the land and hill farming has been actively encouraged. Although we tend to associate sheep farming with the Mournes, these photographs illustrate some of the other aspects of farming life, especially in the valleys and coastal areas.

5.2 and 5.3 Two ploughing scenes

These two photographs were probably both taken at Killowen or Ballyedmond, Lisnacree. Above: With Carlingford Lough in the background, 1942.

Right: Ploughing silhouette, 1945

This photograph shows details of the wheel plough very clearly – the harness, traces, swingletrees, and even the spanner used to adjust the wheels. Although some farmers in County Down were able to invest in tractors from the 1930s, horses were still much in evidence. The Technical College in Downpatrick continued to teach agricultural students how to plough with horses in the 1950s.

(H-078) (left) (H-074) (right)

Photographs by Pat Hudson (1920-2011) Farming the Land

5.4 The Unknown Scythesman

Several names have been suggested for him but it is probably Willie Flood of Leitrim. He is sharpening the blade with a hone or whetstone.

(H-090)

5.5 The Scythesman, 1943

This is probably Barney Sloane, at Glenloughan. He is mowing grain with a scythe – this is a rare illustration of a simple ‘cradle’ fixed to the back of the scythe, to catch the harvested grain neatly as it fell.

(H-069)

Photographs by Pat Hudson (1920-2011) Farming the Land

5.7 Harvest on Carey’s Hill, 1940 (H-092)

1 Photographs by Pat Hudson (1920-2011) Farming the Land

5.8 Binnian and Stooks, s eptember 1947 This was Pat Hudson’s favourite shot of the mountain. (H-019)

Part 1 Photographs by

(1920-2011) Farming the Land

5.9 The hay cart Probably John and James Girvan. (H-089)

Pat Hudson

5.10

A portable threshing machine could be powered by a belt attached to the fly-wheel on a tractor, as seen here.

(H-066)

Threshing, probably on the Manse Road, Kilkeel

Part 1 Photographs by Pat Hudson (1920-2011) Farming the Land

Pat Hudson

spare page

6.1 Boatbuilding, Kilkeel, 1946

William Paynter came to Kilkeel from St Ives in Cornwall and established what became a thriving industry, building superior boats for local fishermen. One of the last of the boatbuilders was Bill Quinn, who passed on much valuable information to the Museum.

Jimmy Crawford, of Poyntspass, is shown in the background of this photograph. The boats are the John and Maud Chambers. The Maud Chambers was later photographed in the harbour at Kilkeel by Cecil Newman (see Part 2, Chapter 4, N-255).

(H-030)

6. The sea

Pat’s photographs of the fishing industry are amongst the most important of his work from an historic point of view, recording, as they do, jobs which have changed so dramatically in the second half of the twentieth century. These photographs

record not just the busy harbour but boatbuilding and associated activities. However, some of the most dramatic images were captured when Pat accompanied fishermen out to sea.

(H-031)

6.2 Kilkeel harbour, october 1947 ( Fishy Business series)

McKee’s Cooperage can be seen on the far left. This can still be seen twenty years later, when Cecil Newman photographed the harbour reconstruction. Coopers made the barrels for transporting fish.

1 Photographs by Pat Hudson (1920-2011) The s ea 6.3 Inner harbour, Kilkeel, 1936 (H-045)

1 Photographs by Pat Hudson (1920-2011) The s ea

6.5 Skiffs drawn up, Kilkeel, March 1947 N271, Morning Star was owned by Charlie Campbell, N159, Amy by Cecil Trimble and N253 Golden Hope by Bertie Annett (H-027)

6.11

(H-022)

Fishing boats heading out to sea N124 is in the foreground.

6.12

N-255). (H-132 and H-134)

and 6.13 N19, Boy Alex and N58, Bonnie Roy Look out for the Bonnie Roy in one of Cecil Newman’s photographs of Kilkeel harbour (Part 2, Chapter 4

Pat Hudson (1920-2011) The

6.14 Men on board the s t Patrick From Ring Fishing series, March 1945 These are part of a series taken by Pat Hudson when he went out with the fishing boats from Kilkeel. (H-157)

1 Photographs by Pat Hudson (1920-2011) The s ea

6.16 Lifting the nets – Pat Joe Campbell, Paddy Donnan, Paddy Cunningham and Willie Ballance. (H-140)

6.17 Sorting and cleaning fish on board. (H-148)

Photographs by Pat Hudson (1920-2011) The

6.6 Fishing Folk, 1940

From left to right are A Mulholland, Mick Bradley, Harry Bradley, F Greenan and Jim Pat McVeigh. (H-042)

1 Photographs by Pat Hudson (1920-2011) The s ea

6.7 Fishy Business, october 1947 Here you can see salt being added to preserve the fish. (H-041)

This

Clockwise:

(H-036)

Pat Hudson

6.8 Cleaning fish, Donnan’s, october 1947 ( Fishy Business series)

was photographed in Donnan’s yard, Newry Street, Kilkeel.

from left to right are ?, John Cunningham, ?, Mary Donnan, ?, ?, Grace Donnan, Josephine Flood, Peter Kearney, Josie Cole, ?, ? The girl looking on is Noreen Donnan.

Hudson

6.9 Collecting fish from the harbour, october 1947 ( Fishy Business series) (H-033)

Photographs by Pat Hudson (1920-2011) The s ea

6.10 Friday morning

John Donnan is selling fish from his donkey cart in Kilkeel, 1940s. (H-064)

1

2.

Part

Photographs by Pat Hudson (1920-2011) ?????? Part

Photographs by Cecil Newman (1914-1984)

Cecil about to take off in a Sioux helicopter, 12 August 1975 (NMNI Collection, BELUM.Yn.6178.0)

Part 2 Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984)

Part 2 Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984)

1. Introduction

CECIL Newman was born in Lisburn in 1914, the son of a RIC policeman (Royal Irish Cnstabulary) whose family had come from a farming background in West Cork. He grew up in Sydenham, Belfast; as a young man he enjoyed hiking and youth hostelling and was an active member of the 10th Belfast Scout group. In 1931 he was awarded the ‘Scout of the Year’ cup and in 1935 went on to become Cubmaster. In the same year, Cecil led a group to a jamboree on the Swedish Island of Ingarö. He kept a travel log on the trip, from which excerpts are published in Andrew Totten’s book The Tenth: A Century of Scouting at the 10th Belfast. These document the group’s progress through the Kiel Canal in Germany to the Baltic Sea and describe some of the people they met along the way. They included groups of young Nazis and Deutscher Pfadfinderbund (the German Scout Federation). Cecil was told that anyone caught photographing the canal would have his camera confiscated. However, he also refers to a young Austrian boy who was keen to have his portrait taken, a copy of which has been attached to a page in the log.

Someone has later added “became S.S. killed aged 18 at Dunkirk”. In 1936 and again in 1938, Cecil went skiing and climbing in Tirol but by this time his friend had joined the Hitler Youth. Cecil was now a part-time engineering student and had joined Queen’s University Officers Corps. His experiences in Germany were probably a factor in Cecil’s decision to enlist as a Royal Engineer in 1940. By the end of the Second World War he had achieved the rank of Major. Cecil remained in Berlin for two more years where he helped to instigate the processes of reconstruction and the re-establishment of the water supply. Just as Cecil had been conscious of the atmosphere that had existed in Germany before the war, he was also acutely aware of the human and structural cost of the aftermath. Some of the photographs he took in Berlin were later given to the Stadtmuseum, Berlin (Berlin City Museum).

On his return to Belfast, Cecil returned to his job, which he had started shortly before enlisting, with the surveyors’ department at Belfast City Council. His work with the Royal Engineers, and in

1.1 Young Cecil with his group of scouts. Cecil is on the 2nd row from the back, far right. Karen Logan’s great uncle, Robert Clemitson, is in the same row, 6th from left.

(Photo: 10th Belfast Scouts) (47-01-02-95)

1.2 Homecoming to Berlin, 1945. This is perhaps the most poignant photograph in the Newman collection – it shows a lone wounded soldier making his way through a ravaged street in the centre of Berlin. (N-950)

the reconstruction of Berlin, was useful experience for his career in town planning. He qualified as a planning officer in 1957, subsequently joined the Northern Ireland Civil Service and became a Superintendent Planning Officer in the Ministry of Development. As a result, Cecil became closely involved with high profile planning policies and publications, including the Matthew Plan. This was a regional development plan for Belfast published in 1963. He was the author of the first Newry Area Plan as well as the Mourne Study and provided photographs to illustrate both publications. Cecil was interested in rural as well as urban development and was a leading member of the Ulster Society for the Preservation of the

Countryside, the oldest voluntary conservation body in Northern Ireland. A former colleague, Ernie Cromie, described him as “one of the old school”, and a conservationist rather than a mere protectionist. During the 1970s Cecil concentrated particularly on aerial photography. He was able to use his army connections to travel as a passenger on training flights on training flights over Northern Ireland in Sioux helicopters – an opportunity not afforded to many. This was a great asset to him in professional terms as a means of monitoring landscape and townscape changes. At that time, town planning was still in its infancy in Northern Ireland, despite major developments

1.3, 1.4 Two aerial photographs taken

Cecil Newman: Divis flats, 1980 and Belfast City Centre. Note how meticulous Cecil was in annotating and then checking and correcting his photographs. (N-952 and N-951)

Photographs by Cecil Newman

by

1.6 Slievenaman Valley, in the Mournes, where the Newman family often stayed. (N-112)

taking place. Quarries, for instance, were being established faster than the Ordnance Survey could produce field sheets, leaving planners with limited resources with which to work. Cecil’s aerial photographs did much to inform the development of the policy for the control of quarry development throughout the province. In 1973, the value of his contribution was acknowledged when he was awarded the OBE.

Cecil had married Mollie Baird in 1942. At first the family lived in a war-requisitioned flat on the Lisburn Road but in 1962 he, Mollie and their three children, Pat, John and Michael, moved to 12 Station Road in Sydenham, a house that had previously belonged to Gustav Wolff of Harland and Wolff. Cecil’s keen interest in the countryside wasn’t limited to his professional life. The family enjoyed walking in the Mournes where they had a holiday cottage at the head of the Slievenaman Valley. Indeed, Cecil helped in this area. Although he retired from public service in 1976, Cecil remained very involved in community and development issues through organisations such as the Ulster Society for the Preservation of the Countryside. He was Secretary of the Mournes Advisory Council and championed the designation of the Mournes as a National Park, an issue that is still the subject of debate today. He gave talks about areas of Northern Ireland illustrated with his photographs and slides and continued to take photographs until a year before his death, in 1984. In 1987, the Ulster Society for the Preservation of the Countryside erected a memorial in his honour at Trassey car park in the Mourne Mountains. The plaque on a large granite boulder reads Friend of Mourne – a fitting tribute to his legacy.

A keen photographer from an early age, Cecil had been an Associate of the Royal Photographic Society since the 1940s. His interest in the rapidly changing urban and rural landscape is evident from the photographs now in the Down County Museum and National Museums Northern Ireland collections. Those selected to illustrate this book represent his wide-ranging interests in the Mournes, from archaeological sites to modern buildings, and rubbish dumps to mountain climbing. What makes the collection unique, especially for its time, is that Cecil was meticulous in his record keeping – most of his photographs have a title, date, map reference and information about the camera settings used when the picture was taken. Using high quality equipment, Cecil enjoyed the technical challenge of producing good results. The quality of the images, together with the detailed information associated with each one, makes this an invaluable resource for future research.

Warmly described by friends and colleagues as a patient and resourceful man who inspired tremendous loyalty, Cecil Newman used his expertise and experience to great effect to produce what Professor Ronald Buchanan has called “a unique view of Northern Ireland in the mid-twentieth century”.

Logan July 2013

Karen

1.9 Memorial at Trassey. Note Cecil’s date of birth was erroneously inscribed as 1917

2.1 Mourne Mountains, 8.64

This photograph shows the range from (N-097)

2. Landscape and Land Use

While Cecil Newman photographed the natural beauty of the Mournes, as seen in the images here, he was particularly interested in how the landscape has been used, and often abused, especially in recent times.

The quality of granite in the Mournes was recognised from early times and dressed stone was being exported in the early nineteenth century. As towns and cities grew throughout the United Kingdom, the demand for stone increased and the granite industry developed to meet this. Around the time of the famine this was an important source of income for many smallholders. Small-scale operations declined at the turn of the twentieth century and from the 1940s were increasingly replaced by industrial scale activities. Stones, sand and gravel were all quarried for use in construction and this largely unregulated expansion concerned Cecil.

Manufacturing throughout Mourne has traditionally been based on towns such as Warrenpoint, Newcastle and Kilkeel mainly focused

on the textile industry. In more recent times this extended to aircraft furnishings in Kilkeel and paper cases and castors in Warrenpoint.However, after World War II tourism grew in importance as car ownership increased and mountain walking became more popular. The establishment of forest parks and other visitor attractions, along with increased accommodation and catering facilities, helped to expand this industry. This form of expansion and regeneration is as much a subject of debate for planners today as it was in Cecil’s time in the Ministry of Development. The difficulty is in balancing visitor access whilst maintaining the scenic rural landscape. At the same time there was, and still is, a real need to improve infrastructure and increase the standard of living in an area characterised by traditional small farms. Cecil and his colleagues believed that development should be sympathetic to the heritage in the Mournes.

2.2

Bearnagh – snow

At 739 m, Slieve Bearnagh is one of the highest peaks in the Mournes. Crowned by distinctive granite tors, it was described by Estyn Evans as one of the most picturesque summits. This is a similar view to one photographed by Pat Hudson (see Part 1, Chapter 2, H-119). (N-903)

Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Landscape and Land Use

2.3 Newry Gap & Carlingford Lough

This location marks the passage of a large glacier through into the Carlingford Lough area and from this position offers a stunning view across the natural landscape. Cecil took the photograph from the southern shore of the lough, in Co Louth, looking north to Down, with Newry at the top left of the picture. (N-815)

2 Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Landscape and Land Use

Part 2 Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Landscape and Land Use

2.4 Hare’s Gap Snow Aug 67

This beautiful snow scene reminds us of the way in which Hare’s Gap itself was shaped and deepened by the passage of ice between two summits. (N-110)

2.5

Mournes

from Windy Gap, 29.5.66

Windy Gap, between Eagle Mountain and Slievemoughanmore, is so called because of the effects of converging wind currents in creating powerful gusts through the gap. The small boy on the right is Cecil’s youngest son, Michael. (N-012)

Part 2 Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Landscape and Land Use

Part 2 Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Landscape and Land Use

2.7 Moneydarragh

This traditional thatched cottage, set against the backdrop of the Mourne Mountains, typifies rural heritage in the Mourne region. (N-313)

2.8 Stone walling Aug ’68

The spread of stones across the field on the left reflects the hard work and skill involved in clearing land in the Mournes and making the drystone walls for which the region is well known.

(N-338)

Part 2 Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Landscape and Land Use

Part 2 Photographs by

Newman (1918-1984) Landscape and Land Use

2.9

This

(N-342)

Binnian & Farm Aug ’67

photograph shows a typical cluster of small farmhouse and outbuildings on the slopes of the mountain.

Cecil

2.10 Bloody Bridge Nissen Hut & River 22.3.66

Nissen huts were invented during the First World War as a means of providing accommodation for troops. Based around a metal frame with a semi-circular corrugated iron roof, the huts were prefabricated making them quick and easy to assemble. In the Second World War they were again used as shelters and stores. This one was used as a summer house for the Corbett family from Fedany, Banbridge, in the early 1950s. The bridge in the background is the original Bloody Bridge. The main road between Newcastle and Kilkeel crosses a new bridge to the left of this picture.

(N-376)

2.11 Kinnahalla Nissen Cottage

This Nissen hut, east of Hilltown, has been converted into a cottage with chimneys. Since the photograph was taken the cottage has been developed further into a more typical bungalow with vertical walls and a pitched roof.

(N-170)

Part 2 Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Landscape and Land Use

Above left:

2.12 Cranfield Concrete Products Works

Underlying glacial deposits provide Cranfield and Kilkeel with sand and gravel reserves. This natural resource, coupled with the finer aggregate produced by local quarries, enabled the development of concrete production works such as this one in Cranfield. (N-209)

Above right:

2.13 Kilkeel – Aircraft Furnishings Ltd May ’68

Aircraft Furnishing Limited had been manufacturing aircraft seats for over 40 years when, in the mid 1990s, it was taken over by B/E Aerospace. The factory continues to produce seats and furnishings for some of the best-known airlines today. (N-262)

Right:

2.14 Kilkeel – Mourne Hatcheries, Kilkeel May 1968

Mourne Hatcheries operated close to the Aircraft Furnishing premises, on what is now the site of Kilkeel Business Park, on the corner of Moor Road and Newcastle Road. It was owned by a Mr Hughes. (N-248)

2.15 Tollymore Forest

Tollymore was the first forest park to be established in Northern Ireland, and opened to the public in 1955. The estate had belonged to the Earls of Roden until 1941, when it was sold to the Northern Ireland government. The house was demolished in 1952 but the park is popular with local people and visitors alike.

(N-898)

Part 2 Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Landscape and Land Use

3.3 Modern and traditional houses

This photograph demonstrates Cecil’s concern for unregulated development in the Mournes. Older houses were being abandoned or replaced by modern houses, often in a ‘suburban’ style. Despite stricter regulation in recent times, the debate continues on what is ‘appropriate’ development.

(N-375)

3. Planning and development

A survey of the Mourne area was produced by technical officers of the Ministry of Development, under the direction of Cecil Newman, in 1970. Illustrated by Cecil’s photographs, the survey reveals much of his thinking in terms of planning and development in the Mournes. Challenged by the need to increase living standards whilst maintaining the attraction of an area of unspoilt natural beauty, his main concern was that development should be carefully managed in consultation with relevant experts. He believed that successful improvements relied on the proficiency and integrity of the parties involved. While many of the proposals put forward under Cecil’s guidance seek to be sympathetic to this heritage, he made no attempt to preserve its entirety; his advocacy was for change, providing that change was not incongruous.

The distinction between rural and urban development is made clear in the work of Cecil and his team. While suggesting that existing rural buildings could be converted for modern use, they recommended that further housing development should focus on existing towns and villages and not be located in isolated or ribbon developments within the countryside. The plan for Newry resulted in major changes to the city, through road construction and improved housing. Improving the quality of water for the people

of Northern Ireland had been a major concern since the early twentieth century. The Silent Valley reservoir was opened in 1933, followed by Spelga and Ben Crom in the 1950s. A perhaps unexpected result was the increase in visitor numbers to see them.

Cecil’s concern for the environment is an example of his foresight at a time when there was limited environmental protection or awareness. He photographed numerous rubbish dumps and car dumps, recommending screening both to improve the look of the sites and to prevent wind blown litter. In the survey he completed with his technical officers, he also referred to the importance of reducing infestations, smells and seepage, from which the environmental consequences can be long lasting. Cecil applied similar principles to the growth of the mineral extraction industry, which he monitored closely and supported as long as the operations were well managed, efficient and tidy.

The extensive documentation, and especially Cecil’s photographs, which made all his points so clearly, can be seen as a benchmark for planners even today. These images of the built and natural environment are as relevant in the twenty first century as they were over forty years ago, when they were first used in the Mourne and Newry Area Plans.

3.1 Head Road Roofing Styles Sept ’68

The Head Road runs inland from the coast, leading to the Silent Valley. These two cottages in the foothills of the Mournes have a view across the flat land towards Annalong. One has a traditional thatched roof, in contrast to the corrugated iron of its neighbour. (N-336)

3.2

Arcon near Leitrim and farm dwelling

The ‘Arcon’ is a pre-fabricated house, a type being erected during and immediately after World War II, to provide emergency housing. They were more commonly used in towns, rather than rural areas (N-876)

3.4 Danes Bridge Road EBNI and PO Poles

This photograph shows the introduction of electricity and telephone wires along a rural road. Cecil was concerned about overhead wiring being put up without due consideration, particularly where the Post Office and Electricity Board worked independently. He often described such scenes as ‘wirescapes’ (N-390)

Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Planning and d evelopment

3.5 & 3.6 Ben Crom Dam Spillway 29.5.66

These two photographs of Ben Crom dam were taken almost a decade after it was built. It was designed to support a storage reservoir in the Upper Silent Valley that can hold up to 1,700 million litres of water. In the image above, Cecil has used a perspective resembling his later aerial photography to capture the dam’s spillway. (N-361 and N-359)

Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Planning and d evelopment

Part 2 Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Planning and d evelopment

The skilful manipulation of stone is inherent in the history and culture of the Mournes. However, an increase in demand for granite in the 1940s, driven in part by post-war reconstruction, necessitated the opening of larger industrial quarries, which was of particular concern to Cecil. The granite for a memorial stone to St Patrick was excavated from this quarry and placed near Down Cathedral in 1900. (N-064)

3.7 Slievenalargy Hill Farm & Quarry 17.7.65

Part 2 Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Planning and d evelopment

3.8 Sandpit, Attical

Cecil believed that abandoned sand and gravel pits could be successfully redeveloped with little effort. This photograph shows the sandpit at Attical shortly before it was converted to a Gaelic football pitch. A colleague with a sense of humour has written Thunderbird 1 along the side of his car. The car, an Austin A55 Cambridge 55IL, was provided for him when he was working on the Matthew Plan and appears in many of his photographs. (N-206)

A colleague with a sense of humour has written Thunderbird 1

Part 2 Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Planning and d evelopment

3.10 Kilkeel Rd Rubbish Dump 13.4.66

This open rubbish dump is in stark contrast to the civic amenity sites provided today, where materials are segregated and appropriately contained. The kind of dump shown here was clearly a risk to the natural environment as well as an eye-sore. (N-222)

3.11 Car dump

Not only was household rubbish dumped in open tips but there were scrap heaps of old cars and other disused vehicles. This graveyard of old cars wasn’t the only one recorded by Cecil. His photographs provided a strong case for the introduction of protective legislation. (N-784)

Originally a nineteenth-century

(N-091)

the

mills at Annsborough once employed over 2000 people but by 1970 that figure had declined to less than 200. Aware of the need for housing improvement in the area, Cecil kept a record of developments such as these.

2 Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Planning and d evelopment

3.12 Annsborough – Northern Ireland Housing Trust Development

industrial settlement,

textile

3.13 Foffanybane R. D. Cottages

These cottages, part of a rural development scheme, have been designed in sympathy with the surrounding landscape and do not detract from it.

(N-119)

Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Planning and d evelopment

3.14 Kilkeel Council Offices April ’67

A typical example of 1960s architecture, the Kilkeel council office building on Newry Street has since been remodelled to some extent. The original architect was Major G W Reside, whose extensive historic archive is now in the Newry and Mourne Museum Collection. The building is now occupied by the Jobs and Benefits Office next to what was the Vogue Cinema. The district council was abolished as part of local government re-organisation in the 1970s. (N-221)

Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Planning and d evelopment

3.15 Kilkeel – Greencastle Street

The central building in this photograph is now the Kilkeel Campus of the Southern Regional College, the car park for which currently takes the place of this thatched cottage. However, the other thatched buildings forming part of that original site remain at the junction with Manse Road. Therefore the contrast between old and new that Cecil captured here still remains.

(N-236)

Part 2 Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Planning and d evelopment

3.16 Newry - Georgian & UTA architecture Oct ’67

The juxtaposition of late eighteenth / early nineteenth century and modern buildings – in this case the Ulster Transport Authority office on the Mall, Newry. – makes a clear point about appropriate and inappropriate ways of filling gaps in a street.

(N-548)

Part 2 Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Planning and d evelopment

3.17 & 3.18 Kilkeel Harbour –reconstruction NE and N

In the nineteenth century Kilkeel became an important centre for fishing and since then the harbour infrastructure has struggled to keep pace with the demands placed on it. There have been numerous redevelopment schemes including these major improvement works to ease congestion in the inner basin. The building used by McKee’s Cooperage can still be seen in the image above –compare this photograph with Pat Hudson’s views of the harbour twenty years earlier (see Part 1, Chapter 6) (N-325 and N-323)

Part 2 Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Planning and d evelopment

3.19 Whitewater Bridges Old & New

These two bridges cross the Whitewater, where the Drummanmore Road meets the A2 Newry Road. The old bridge is intersected by the A2 and is no longer passable.

(N-920)

Part 2 Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Planning and d evelopment

3.21 and 3.20 Newry through-pass construction Here, Cecil has recorded some of the extensive work carried out over the years to develop bypasses and arterial routes in Newry. The photograph above shows an area cleared of old buildings. The few remaining buildings in the centre are all that was left of North Street (see next chapter, N-519 and N-520). Below, the work is almost completed, for Abbey Way, which was designed to bring traffic through the city. (N-600 and N-602)

3.22 & 3.23 Old Bignian School 22.3.66 and New Bignian School, late 1960s

Cecil documented both old and new schools at Binnian (Bignian) in the 1960s. Since then the building has changed hands a number of times; once used as accommodation for groups participating in outdoor activities, it later returned to use as a primary school, Bunscoil na mBeann. (N-369 and N-370)

Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Planning and d evelopment

3.24 and 3.25

Newry Plan – Urban Area Plan and Launching

by minister As Superintendent Planning Officer in the Ministry of Development, Cecil had direct involvement with the Newry Area Plan. These photographs were taken at the launch of the Plan, by the Minister, Roy Bradford. Cecil’s photographs can be seen on the exhibition panels in the background.

(N-635 and N-639)

Part 2 Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Planning and d evelopment

Part 2 Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Planning and d evelopment

4.1 Annalong Harbour 17.7.66

Cecil and his colleagues were concerned about the ribbon development taking place in Annalong and advocated a more clearly defined centre to the town and greater promotion of its traditional features. For instance they proposed that the corn mill and water wheel, the harbour, and the local expertise in stonework could be used to develop tourism. This image shows the harbour, with the corn mill in the background; the children in the foreground are Cecil’s daughter Pat and eldest son, John. The nineteenth-century corn mill was one of Northern Ireland’s last working watermills, still in use until the 1960s. It was acquired in 1983 by Newry and Mourne District Council, restored and re-opened in 1985.

(N-301)

4. Towns and Villages

Many of the towns and villages in the Mourne region have long histories, with links to early churches, Norman castles and family estates.

Castlewellan, Hilltown and Rathfriland were developed in the mid-eighteenth century during expansion in the linen industry. Extensive linen bleaching took place in Castlewellan from 1749 and a mill was erected in 1829, the first mill in Ireland capable of spinning fine yarns. The first Earl of Downshire established Hilltown in 1766 as another centre for the linen industry but it soon lost importance in competition with nearby Rathfriland. All three towns were important market centres and were used by local farmers to sell livestock and produce and to host fairs. Smaller villages such as Kilcoo, Attical and Leitrim provided support to their local communities.

The waters off Dundrum Bay provided particularly good fishing grounds and numerous small fishing villages, such as Annalong, developed along the coastline. Dundrum’s trade was centred on the import of coal and export of wood. However, the south and south-east winds have always created hazardous sailing conditions in the Dundrum area and as trade increased the

larger boats found more suitable ports. Kilkeel became the main fishing port and remains so to this day. The harbour has undergone a series of developments, which was of interest to Cecil Newman who thought that the presence of a working fishing fleet could be used as an attraction, as well as a source of employment and economic benefit to the wider community.

The setting of Newcastle, located between mountains and sea, has long been appreciated for its beauty. With a reputation for good bathing waters, hotels and spas were established here from the early nineteenth century. Cranfield is a good example of how smaller resorts developed in the 1950s. In addition to its fine beach, its wartime airfield provided a perfect foundation for a large caravan and camping area.

The larger towns of Newry and Warrenpoint have benefited most from industrial development and port facilities. In the case of Warrenpoint, this was combined with its early development of a flourishing tourist industry. Cecil’s photographs Cecil’s photographs reflect all these differing, and changing, aspects of towns in and around the Mournes.

4.4 Attical

Like many small settlements, Attical served the local rural population and provided essential amenities. Its setting within the rural landscape, at the foothill of the Mournes, is beautifully illustrated by the photograph on the back cover of this book. The garage shown here has been replaced since the photograph was taken.

(N-201)

Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Towns and Villages

4.5 Bryansford Petrol Filling Station 17.5.66

Bryansford, which is thought to be have been named after Bryan Magennis, was developed in association with the Tollymore Estate and housed many of its workers. At the time this photograph was taken the small village consisted of two churches, a shop and this filling station, for many years owned by the Douglas family. (N-153)

Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Towns and Villages

4.6 Castlewellan – Upper Square

A town plan for Castlewellan was commissioned by the Annesley family in the mid eighteenth-century and originally consisted of the upper and lower squares connected by a wide street. The Upper Square was designed to be the market square with a market house, now occupied by the public library, in the style of a church.

(N-089)

Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Towns and Villages

4.7 Castlewellan – Lower Square

Cecil and his colleagues considered Castlewellan to be a good example of town planning and effective as a market and service centre. He was particularly fond of the Lower Square, lined with chestnut trees, which he thought created an attractive impression that should be maintained.

(N-085)

2 Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Towns and Villages

4.8 Cranfield

Cranfield has long been popular with holidaymakers and their caravans, drawn to it by the superb beaches at the mouth of Carlingford Lough. Cecil and his team of technical officers recommended that there should be comprehensive recreational development here to include caravans, camping, car parking and picnicking. (N-211)

Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Towns and Villages

4.9 Dundrum Harbour

Historically, Dundrum Harbour was an important port until it closed to commercial activities in 1984. The East Downshire Steamship Company was based here, exporting wood and importing coal. Occasionally a passenger vessel called in, such as the Isle of Lewis shown here. In the foreground are Cecil’s three children, Michael, Pat and John. (N-021)

Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Towns and Villages

and Villages

4.11 Hilltown Hotel

Wills Hill, Marquess of Downshire, established Hilltown in 1776, during the development of the linen industry. The original Downshire Arms on the left, and the old market house, with the clock tower, have been developed into self catering accommodation, along with a popular bar and restaurant. Built in 1828, the market house’s architect was Thomas Duff who was also responsible for the court house in Newry. (N-889)

Part 2 Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Towns

Part 2 Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Towns and Villages

4.12 Kilcoo Nov ’67

Kilcoo is one of the many small villages Cecil studied with a view to planning its future development. At the time of his 1970 survey it is described as having a church, school, shop and a few houses.

(N-157)

4.13 Kilkeel Square, April ’67

Cecil was particularly concerned about increases in traffic volume within the Mourne area. In his survey in 1970 he proposed that options for the relief of traffic from Kilkeel’s Lower Square be explored sooner rather than later, since the nature of its ribbon development and incised river beds would limit available alternatives. Shown here on the left is the Stella Maris Café, owned by the Morgan family, now occupied by Fisher & Fisher, solicitors. The building on the right was Murphy’s Grocery Stores, now closed and unoccupied. The road between the two buildings is the Mountain Road.

(N-220)

Part 2 Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Towns and Villages

4.14 Kilkeel – Nets & Fishing Fleet Feb 68 (N-242)

4.15 Fish boats Kilkeel Aug ’67 (N-260)

Part 2 Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Towns and Villages

4.16 Kilkeel Fishing Fleet May ’68 (N-254)

4.17 Fishing boats & bows Feb ’68 (N-255)

Kilkeel has had a long association with the fishing industry that has proved not only an economic asset but also an attraction for visitors. However, largescale offshore fishing is comparatively recent. The inner harbour was built in the mid-nineteenth century and extended in 1916.

Above: The Greenisle shown here was one of the first of a series of modern boats, designed and built in Buckie, Scotland, for the Chambers family of Annalong. The boat next to it could be the Green Hill. The third boat, Green Pastures, was sold to New Zealand in 1965. These images can be compared with Pat Hudson’s – for instance.

Below: The Bonnie Roy and Maud Chambers both appear in his photographs (Part 1, Chapter 6). (N-242, N-254, N-255 and N-260)

Part 2 Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Towns and Villages

4.18 Leitrim 29.5.66

This image, taken from the Backaderry Road, shows the bridge over the Leitrim River and in the background the spire of the Church of the Immaculate Conception, which was completed in 1874.

(N-013)

Part 2 Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Towns and Villages

4.19

These two views of Main Street show this popular resort as it was in the 1960s – the promenade has since been attractively developed but traffic congestion continues to be a problem, especially in the summer months.

(N-406 and N-402)

& 4.20 Newcastle – Main Street North and Main Street South March ’68

Part 2 Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Towns and Villages

Part 2 Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Towns and Villages

4.21 Newry Canal & old houses June ’67

Newry Canal was the first summit level canal (one connecting two separate river valleys) in the British Isles. Completed in 1742, it played a very important role in developing trade and industry in the town. Mills and warehouses were established on its banks, as can be seen on the left side of this photograph. Wealthy merchants traded in linen, coal, salt and other commodities. (N-578)

Part 2 Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Towns and Villages

4.22 Newry, Albert Basin

The Albert Basin was established in the mid-nineteenth century and improved the port of Newry, enabling larger ships to gain access. This benefited the linen industry in the town and enabled many merchants to trade in coal and other goods, with their own ships. This area is now the location of the Quays Shopping Centre.

(N-581)

Part 2 Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Towns and Villages

4.23 Newry Town Hall and river Oct ’67

Newry town hall was designed by William Batt and built in 1893 in Classical style. It sits on the picturesque bridge across the Clanrye River, which is the historic boundary between the counties of Armagh and Down. The posters along the river include advertisements for beer, Oxfam and a career in the Army.

(N-509)

Part 2 Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Towns and Villages

4.24 Newry – Linenhall Square Open Space June ’67

The name of this square refers back to the importance of the linen industry in Newry in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The area was also known locally as ‘the Barracks’ since the houses had been converted from military quarters. The community was changing again when this photograph was taken, as many families were being re-housed on new estates. The square was then completely demolished. (N-554)

Part 2 Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Towns and Villages

4.25 and 426 Newry – Lower North Street 6 ’Oct 67 and Lower North Street 4 Oct ’67

Cecil took a series of photographs of Lower North Street in October 1967, showing rows of derelict shops, which have since been demolished. These were some of the oldest houses in Newry and the area once the thriving hub of the original town.

Right: Note the poster, declaring it a ‘Heinz Souperday’ (N-519 and N-520)

Part 2 Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Towns and Villages

Part 2 Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Towns and Villages

4.27 Newry, Margaret Square

Compare this photograph with the one taken about twenty years earlier by Pat Hudson (Part 1, Chapter 4, H-86). While F Moore & Co still occupies the corner site, you get a sense of the pace of life getting faster, the range of cars increasing and signage and adverts becoming bolder. Check the time on the clock with Pat Hudson’s photograph! The clock was later removed but one of its faces is now in the Newry and Mourne Museum Collection. (N-928)

Part 2 Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Towns and Villages

4.28 Newry – Merchant’s Quay – traffic jam June ’67

Until the middle of the twentieth century, cargoes of timber, sugar, grain and spirits were transported along Newry Canal and unloaded here. Cecil has illustrated the level of traffic congestion on Merchant’s Quay, which runs from Buttercrane Quay to Sugar Island. At this time it was the main road through Newry from Dublin to Belfast. (N-571)

Part 2 Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Towns and Villages

Part 2 Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Towns and Villages

4.29 & 4.30 Rathfriland

With a history dating back to the seventeenth century, Rathfriland is typical of a Plantation-period settlement and has been an important market town for the surrounding area. Above: This view on the left is of Market Square, with the market house behind the war memorial. The substantial building on the centre right is the former Northern Bank building, currently for sale. Right: This photograph shows Main Street. Stewart and Gibson’s hardware shop is still in business but Gamble’s and Watson’s have closed since the photograph was taken. (N-879 and N-882)

Part 2 Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Towns and Villages

4.31 Rostrevor – Kilbroney River Feb ’68

This view of Water Street, taken from Bridge Street, shows the Kilbroney River on its approach to Carlingford Lough. The river is a designated Area of Special Scientific Interest (ASSI) due to the importance of its underlying geology.

(N-864)

Part 2 Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Towns and Villages

4.32 Rostrevor – Textile Factory Aug ’68

The textile industry in Rostrevor dates back to the early nineteenth century. Traditional small-scale production has continued alongside the development of these larger factories. Cecil and his team encouraged the promotion of local products for the tourist market.

(N-859)

Part 2 Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Towns and Villages

Part 2 Photographs by

Newman (1918-1984) Towns and Villages

4.33 Warrenpoint Square – Sunday

While Warrenpoint was a relatively quiet town during the week, on Sundays it was quite different as you can see here from all the cars parked in the Square. People flocked from Newry and the surrounding area to enjoy the beach and have ice cream and teas. (N-816)

Cecil

4.34 Warrenpoint – Omeath ferry

Despite proposing numerous developments in Warrenpoint, including the introduction of a car ferry terminal, Cecil and his team recognised a place for small leisure boats and the tradition associated with the Omeath ferry. Fortunately, others must have agreed because a small passenger ferry still operates between Warrenpoint and Omeath, on the Carlingford Peninsula, in the summer months.

(N-842)

Part 2 Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Towns and Villages

5.1 Longstone & Binnian

Standing 2.4 metres high and composed of granite, the now solitary Long Stone at Moneydarraghmore may once have stood alongside three other stones to form a chambered grave (Evans, 2005). Three other standing stones in Co Down are also known as ‘The Long Stone’. (N-328)

5. Archaeological and historic sites

Our earliest evidence for people living in the Mourne region is in the Neolithic period, from about 3,500 BC. However, most of the evidence comes from burial rather than settlement sites. During that time large stone monuments were erected to mark graves and sites of ritual significance. Many of these can still be seen today, particularly standing stones and dolmens.

During Early Christian times the rising population in small groups in defended farmsteads. These are known as raths or ringforts where the surrounding bank was constructed from earth, or cashels where stones were used. The coming of Christianity can be seen from the establishment of churches and monasteries.

The coastal fringe of Mourne attracted early settlers, but it also provided good defensive sites. The Norman invasion led by John de Courcy in 1171 has left us the remains of motte and bailey sites as well as more complex castles. The coast was, until relatively recently, a major routeway, for both traders and invaders. It was only in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries that a more accessible road network penetrated the hinterland, especially through upland areas.

Several important landowning families held estates in and around the Mournes. While some of their houses have survived, others are now derelict or even been demolished. For these, photographs are especially significant.

Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Towns and Villages

5.2 Slidderyford – Standing Stone Nov ’67

Usually referred to as the Ballyloughlin Stones, there are two surviving granite stones now incorporated in the roadside bank. They may be the remains of a court tomb. The photograph includes the back view of Cecil walking up the road. (N-040)

2 Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Archaeological and historic sites

5.3 Slidderyford Dolmen May 1968

This dolmen, in Wateresk townland consists of a 2.4 metre high granite capstone rests on two uprights, one granite and one shale, with a further shale slab below. Although there is currently no evidence of a cairn, an early nineteenth-century illustration by Dubourdieu shows an additional upright and piles of stones at the site (Chart, 1940). (N-050)

2 Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Archaeological and historic sites

5.4 Goward Dolmen Nov ’67

This portal dolmen has several local names – Cloughmore Cromlech, Pat Kearney’s Big Stone and even ‘Finn’s Fingerstones’. Legend has it that the giant Finn McCool cast the Goward stone from Spelga. Standing 4.3 metres tall, the huge (1.5 metres) capstone has slipped from its original position, and stones at the east end suggest a curving façade more typical of court cairns. A cremation urn and arrowhead were found within the chamber in the early nineteenth century.

(N-152)

5.6 Kilkeel Dolmen, April ’67

A smaller dolmen, made from granite, this was also referred to as the Crawtree Stone. It stands over 2 metres high with a 2.5 metres long capstone resting on four supports. There is no end stone on this dolmen, which has since become part of the field bank along the side of a lane in Kilkeel.

(N-247)

Part 2 Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Archaeological and historic sites

5.5 Kilfegan Dolmen (front) Apr ’68

Kilfeaghan is another portal dolmen with an even bigger granite capstone, 3.4 metres long, 2.4 metres wide and 1.5 metres deep. It is estimated to weigh between 35 and 40 tonnes. It was probably part of a long cairn. Bones, pottery and flint were found at the site in the early twentieth century. Cecil can be seen here, standing at the right. (N-322)

Part 2 Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Archaeological and historic sites

5.7 Drumena Cashel

Also known as Walsh’s Fort, the dry-stone wall of this cashel is 2.7 – 3.6 metres thick and was largely rebuilt in 1925-1926 during excavation work by Col R G Berry (Berry, 1928). The cashel is oval shaped and covers an area of 40 x 33 metres. A souterrain is present in the corner of the site, roofed with stone lintels up to a height of 2.1 metres. An area of stones may be the remains of house foundations. (N-143)

Part 2 Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Archaeological and historic sites

5.8 Maghera Old Church

The remains of a round tower mark the site of an Early Christian monastery, founded by St Domongart in the sixth century. This saint gave his name to Donard, the highest peak in the Mournes. Shown here, within the graveyard of the parish church are the ruins of a medieval, probably thirteenth-century, church. (Chart, 1940; Maxwell, 2010). (N-055)

Part 2 Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Archaeological and historic sites

Part 2 Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Archaeological and historic sites

5.9 Hilltown Motte June ’68

Typical of a Norman motte and bailey site, Hilltown motte occupies a strategic location in the foothills of the mountains. It was probably established by John de Courcy in the late twelfth century to defend the route from Newry to Downpatrick (Evans, 2005). The mound stands 7.5 metres above the surrounding ditch. The bailey would have been linked to the motte by a bridge and wooden buildings defended by a palisade. (N-109)

5.10 Newry – Crown Mound & Bridge

The Crown Mound, outside Newry, is another Norman motte and bailey castle. There must have been an earlier settlement near the motte: a Bronze Age razor in the British Museum’s collection was originally found here. It is now on display in Down County Museum. (N-873)

Part 2 Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Archaeological and historic sites

Part 2 Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Archaeological and historic sites

5.11 & 5.12 Dundrum Castle from Slidderyford, ?.3.66 and Dundrum Castle

Above: Dundrum Castle began as a motte and bailey built by John de Courcy in the late 1170s. Cecil photographed it from Slidderyford with the Twelve Arches Bridge in the foreground, to emphasise the defensive location on top of the hill above Dundrum Bay. Right: The castle was later built in stone, with a round keep added by Hugh de Lacy at the beginning of the thirteenth century (Maxwell, 2010). In 1652 the castle was dismantled by Cromwellian troops. In the right foreground are the remains of a once grand, 17th-century house.

(N-060 and N-030)

Part 2 Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Archaeological and historic sites

Part 2 Photographs by

5.13 & 5.14 Hanna’s Close Clachan 8.8.65

Hanna’s Close dates from the beginning of the seventeenth century when the Hanna family left Scotland and built their cottages on the site. The term close is interchangeable with clachan in this context and is thought to be of Scottish origin.

This is one of very few clachans that remain intact. It consists of eight houses clustered together and as the photograph illustrates they were all designed to open onto the central area for defensive purposes. The cottages have now been listed and renovated for use as holiday accommodation. (N-266 and N-270)

Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Archaeological and historic sites

Part 2 Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Archaeological and historic sites

5.15 Castlewellan Castle May ’68

The former home of the Annesley family, Castlewellan Castle was built in 1751 in Scottish baronial style using locally sourced granite. The castle is now used for conferences while the estate, Castlewellan Forest Park, and especially the lake, is a popular visitor attraction (Maxwell, 2010).

(N-075)

5.16 Tollymore Park Folly C

The ornate structures found at Tollymore Forest Park are examples of eighteenthcentury demesne architecture. This photograph shows one of ‘Lord Limerick’s Follies’, a series of posts on the edge of the estate. They date to about 1777. (N-144)

Part 2 Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Archaeological and historic sites

5.17 Mount Panther, May, 1968

Not long after this photograph was taken Mount Panther fell into disrepair. Once an elegant Georgian mansion, the building is now a roofless, fire-damaged shell and the estate which covers 170 acres has been put up for sale. Built in 1770, the main house was famed for its ballroom and plasterwork and was host to distinguished guests, from Mrs Delaney in the eighteenth century to Princess Margaret who called at the house briefly in 1963.

(N-057)

Part 2 Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Archaeological and historic sites

6.1 Lough Islandrevy, Aug ’67

Lough Island Reavy was a natural lake, converted to a dam in the nineteenth century. This regulated the level of the River Bann for the supply of water to the linen industry. Now controlled by the Belfast Angling Association, it is a popular fly-fishing spot for brown trout, pike and perch.

(N-063)

6. Leisure

Like Pat Hudson, and indeed many other young people growing up in the 1930s, Cecil enjoyed hiking and youth hostelling. However, Cecil took his interests and professional knowledge further by helping to establish the hostels at Kinnahalla, Slievenaman, Bloody Bridge, Silent Valley and Aughnaloopy. He and his friends actually built some of these. During his late thirties he rented a climber’s cottage at the head of Slievenaman Valley, which he enjoyed as an escape from his Belfast flat. As a result, in his professional career, Cecil understood the need for preserving a place of retreat, a ‘wilderness’ that should remain undeveloped and offer the opportunity to become active and engage with the natural environment.

Whilst the Mournes offered Cecil the opportunity to ‘get away from it all’ and experience solitude, many of his photographs include friends and family and demonstrate the benefits of spending time together enjoying the scenic landscape. He photographed numerous outdoor pursuits including climbing and water-skiing and his memorial stone at Trassey Bridge ensures that he is still remembered by hill-walkers today.

The photographs in this chapter capture these periods of quiet reflection and friendship as well as more adventurous pursuits.

Cecil Newman (1918-1984)

6.2 Dundrum Dunes

The dunes at Murlough are an important ecological environment, and as with other sensitive areas, it is important to balance protection with accessibility for visitors. This photograph was probably taken during a Summer School for planners. (N-041)

6.3 Crocknafeola Picnic Tables Aug ’67

Cecil and his colleagues advocated the inclusion of picnic tables in Mourne car parks and he invariably travelled with a packed lunch. The group in this photograph seem to be enjoying numerous home comforts including freshly-made tea or coffee thanks to their tilley stove.

(N-192)

2 Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Leisure

6.4 Kinnahalla Youth Hostel

Kinnahalla Youth Hostel was one of several that Cecil helped to establish in the area. Able to accommodate up to 44 people, it was purpose-built in 1959 following a grant received from the King George VI Memorial Fund (Northern Ireland Ministry of Development, 1970). In the 1990s it was converted into an Outward Bound Centre to accommodate up to 14 children for the Richmond Fellowship. (N-169)

Part 2 Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Leisure

6.5 Silent Valley – Binnian, June ’68

This atmospheric image gives an idea of the perspective offered by the Mournes. Cecil was an experienced hill walker and understood the importance of being prepared for sudden changes in weather conditions such as the mist that has descended on this particular view. However, he was conscious that the increasing numbers of inexperienced visitors would not have the same understanding and recommended that routes be clearly marked with signposts and information boards.

(N-146)

6.6 and 6.7 Traffic jam Silent Valley 29.5.66 and Silent Valley SS Bus Sept ’67 Cecil took this photograph on the left to demonstrate the issue of congestion during holiday periods and the pressure being put on the narrow road networks, but at the same time it illustrates the popularity of Silent Valley as a visitor attraction.

Right: This photograph was taken on the occasion of an organised tour of the Mourne area and the northern part of County Armagh, as part of the Royal Town Planning Institute Summer School, which was held in Belfast in 1967.

(N-358 and N-362)

Part 2 Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Leisure

6.9 Mountain Centre Tollymore

Tollymore Forest Park was, and remains, another popular site for recreation. When it opened in 1955 it was the first forest park in Northern Ireland and by 1966 there were up to 160,000 visitors a year (Evans, 2005). The site has been extensively developed since this photograph was taken, to provide facilities for the increasing number of visitors. (N-890)

Part 2 Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Leisure

6.11

Newcastle – power boats Sept ’67

As well as the parks and mountains, the sea provided great opportunities for recreation. Here a group have gathered at the harbour to watch the powerboats and someone who appears to be a very proficient water-skier. How long he remained upright after the photograph was taken is anyone’s guess.

(N-417)

6.12

Newcastle Boat Pool Aug ’68

This pool was established where the Tollymore River ponds before joining the sea at Newcastle and is still very popular with small children.

(N-410)

Part 2 Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Leisure

6.13 Dinneywater and Bridge, 29.5.66

This idyllic photograph shows the simple pleasure to be gained in exploring the natural environment and the importance of escape and adventure for children as well as adults.

(N-333)

Part 2 Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Leisure

6.14 & Hen Mountain CCPR Climbing Instruction, Jan ’67 and 6.15 CCPR Mountaineering Course

The Tollymore National Outdoor Centre began as a mountain centre (see previous image in this chapter) managed by the Central Council for Physical Recreation (CCPR). It provided accommodation and mountaineering training for brave enthusiasts such as these. (N-182 and N-185)

Part 2 Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Leisure

Part 2 Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Leisure

6.16 Bloody Bridge Car Park Aug ’68

Forty years ago it was quite common for families to stop and park their caravans at the side of roads rather than in serviced parks. The lack of facilities didn’t seem to spoil their holidays but as visitor numbers increased, some control became necessary.

(N-382)

Part 2 Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Leisure

6.17 Tyrella Beach Shop, 22.3.66

This has long been a popular destination for families who wanted a quieter place than the bustle of Newcastle, but still with the magnificent backdrop of the Mournes.

(N-432)

Part 2 Photographs by Cecil Newman (1918-1984) Leisure

References

Archaeological Survey of Northern Ireland, 1966. Archaeological Survey of County Down. HMSO: Belfast.

Berry, R.G. 1928. “Report on the work carried out at Drumena with Note to Plan of Drumena Cashel by A. Robinson”. Report and proceedings of the Belfast Natural History and Philosophical Society 46-55.

Brett, C.E.B. 1973. Historic Buildings, Groups of Buildings, Areas of Architectural Importance in the Towns and Villages of East Down including Ardglass, Killough, Dundrum, Clough, Seaforde, Loughinisland, Killyleagh, Killinchy and Crossgar. Ulster Architectural Heritage Society: Belfast.

Chart, D.A. (Ed.) 1940. A Preliminary Survey of the Ancient Monuments of Northern Ireland. HMSO: Belfast.

Evans, E.E. 2005. Centenary Edition of Mourne Country: Landscape and Life in South Down. Dundalgan Press (W. Tempest) Ltd.: Dundalk.

Harris, W. 1977. The Antient and Present State of the County of Down. Davidson Books: Ballynahinch.

King, Mike, editor, Twentieth Century Down, Down Survey 2003.

Maxwell, I. 2010. Down: History and Guide. The History Press Ireland: Dublin. Monuments Advisory Council For Northern Ireland. HMSO: Belfast.

Moore, S. 2012. The Archaeology of Slieve Donard: A Cultural Biography of Ulster’s Highest Mountain, Down Survey 2012.

Northern Ireland Ministry of Development, 1970. Mourne: A Study by Technical Officers of the Ministry of Development. HMSO: Belfast.

Rankin, P.J. 2010. Tollymore Park: The Gothick Revival of Thomas Wright & Lord Limerick. The Follies Trust: Belfast.

Simpson, M Lesley, editor, Down on the farm, Down Survey 2009.

Totten, A. 2009. The Tenth: A Century of Scouting at the 10th Belfast. 10th Belfast Scout Group: Belfast.

Down County Museum’s collection includes many other photographs and objects associated with the Mournes. There are, for instance, photographs taken by D J McNeill, as well as archive material, paintings and engravings. If you would like to see any of these items please contact the Museum.

D J McNeill, Cutting granite (DJ-05-02-08-02)

Photograph: D J McNeill, Pipeline construction, (DJ-05-75-33-01)

Photograph: D J McNeill, Work on the Ben Crom Reservoir, 1950s (DJ-36-01-01) Caption to come

Two men of Mourne

(DB543 1992-71)

National Museum Northern Ireland has an extensive collection of photographs of Northern Ireland taken by Cecil Newman, the most important of which are his aerial views. Some of these can be viewed on line at http://www.nmni.com/Home/Online-Collections then search the Photographs section. Contact the museum through the website or at 028 90428428, to find out more.

Oil painting: Tom Carr, Mixed farm, Slievenaman

Watercolour, Jim Manley, Silent Valley (DB405 1992-49)

Print, R Creswell Boak, Where the mountains of Mourne sweep down to the sea, (DB42 1985-102/5)

Engraving: Detail from The Mourne Mountains – a new field for tourists, The Graphic, 1877 Wooden plough (DB88 1988-3)