AAG Boston 2008
The Incidence of the Morphology of the City of Valparaiso on the Quality of Life of the Elderly People
VALPARAÍSO • Urban Structure • Main Elements
METHODOLOGY RESULTS CONCLUSIONS
FONDECYT Research Project N° 1061179 - 2006 Reseacher Giulietta Fadda
The Incidence of the Morphology of the City of Valparaiso on the Quality of Life of the Elderly People Giulietta Fadda1, Alejandra Cortés2 and Alessandra Olivi3 1 Facultad de Arquitectura, Universidad de Valparaíso, Chile. 2 Carrera de Arquitectura, Universidad Federico Santa María, Chile. 3 Centro de Investigación Sociológica, Universidad de Valparaíso, Chile
AAG Boston 2008
The Incidence of the Morphology of the City of Valparaiso on the Quality of Life of the Elderly People
VALPARAISO as a Case Study Valparaiso is an especially interesting case: Because it has the highest aging rate among the 3 major Chilean cities.
VALPARAÍSO • Urban Structure • Main Elements
PACIFIC OCEAN
METHODOLOGY RESULTS
VALPARAISO
According to 2002 Census:
SANTIAGO CONCEPCION
CONCLUSIONS
FONDECYT Research Project N° 1061179 - 2006 Reseacher Giulietta Fadda
3 Major Chilean Cities
% Senior Citizens
N° Senior Citizens
Valparaiso District
13.94
38.481
Concepcion District
11.71
25.297
Santiago Metropolitan Region
11.05
669.543
Chile
11.4
1.717.478
PACIF IC OCEAN
PACIFIC OCEAN
AAG Boston 2008
PORT BOARDER
PLAIN AREA
AV. BRASIL
• Urban Structure • Main Elements
METHODOLOGY RESULTS CONCLUSIONS
FONDECYT Research Project N° 1061179 - 2006 Reseacher Giulietta Fadda
Seashore - Plain area – Metropolitan Equipment Delimited by a set of hills - Neighborhood Equipment
A
TIN GEN
Source: PRDUV, 2006
VALPARAÍSO
. AR AV
The Incidence of the Morphology of the City of Valparaiso on the Quality of Life of the Elderly People
Connected to the sea by a system of routes from every hill, constituting independent units. This total area forms the urban network
AAG Boston 2008
The Incidence of the Morphology of the City of Valparaiso on the Quality of Life of the Elderly People
MAIN ELEMENTS OF THE URBAN STRUCTURE A PUBLIC SPACE SYSTEM IN THREE DIFFERENT LEVELS
VALPARAÍSO • Urban Structure • Main Elements
SQUARES & METROPOLITAN EQUIPMENT
METHODOLOGY RESULTS CONCLUSIONS
FONDECYT Research Project N° 1061179 - 2006 Reseacher Giulietta Fadda
3
HILLS
2
MEDIUM
1
CONNECTING ELEMENTS
SIGHTSEEING-POINTS
+200
50 m Height PLAIN AREA
Sea level = 0.0
Schematic Sectional view Source: PRDUV, 2006
Connecting elements: ASCENSORES (cable car elevators) AAG Boston 2008
The Incidence of the Morphology of the City of Valparaiso on the Quality of Life of the Elderly People
VALPARAÍSO • Urban Structure • Main Elements
METHODOLOGY RESULTS CONCLUSIONS
FONDECYT Research Project N° 1061179 - 2006 Reseacher Giulietta Fadda
.
OR MA T IO N
NF Y
FONDECYT Research Project N° 1061179 - 2006 Reseacher Giulietta Fadda
CARACTERISTIC More Vulnerable
Plain Area
Less Vulnerable
Hills
More Vulnerable Less Vulnerable
RO
E RV SU
CONCLUSIONS
SG
I PH
RESULTS
127 GIS Maps by blocks and census districts
SOCIOECONOMIC
HILLS
• 2 in the Hills • 2 in the Plain Area
L DE
METHODOLOGY
232 Thematic maps accounting for current neighborhoods conditions
DOWN-TOWN
4 Focus Groups:
CU
PS
• Main Elements
FO
ATION V R E S B O FIELD
A
• Urban Structure
WS
M
VALPARAÍSO
Sample of 480 elderly people
EY V R SU
ER VIE
32 Interviews and videos to senior citizens
National & International Bibliography
UP
S
Survey to 12 experts on the topic. Information source for Survey & Focus Groups
Ecological Zones
INT
IS
The Incidence of the Morphology of the City of Valparaiso on the Quality of Life of the Elderly People
G
AAG Boston 2008
Due to the complexity of studying QoL, a triangulation approach was used: i.e., a combination of several quantitative and qualitative instruments for data collection and for the theoretical and methodological analysis
BIBLIOG SE CO ND AR YI
EVIEW R L A C I RAPH
METHODOLOGY
FIELDS HUMAN AAG Boston 2008
The Incidence of the Morphology of the City of Valparaiso on the Quality of Life of the Elderly People
DEFINITION
QoL INDICATORS
Skills and Capacities.
Social Problems
Socio-cultural, educational, ideological and psychological knowledge.
Perception
Real and perceived health conditions (mental and physical) of the elderly to reach different levels of self-efficiency and autonomy in the urban habitat
Use of leisure time
Aging Health (physical and mental) Health service quality Training Activities Affectivity
VALPARAÍSO
SOCIO CULTURAL
• Urban Structure • Main Elements
METHODOLOGY
NATURAL RESULTS
Elements and resources that create social networks (formal and informal).
Social Networks
Capacities for action, mobilization and participation in community associations.
Urban Safety
Roots and identity of the Elderly with the urban habitat
Perception of local authorities
Resources and characteristics of the natural environment where the Elderly lives and moves
Quality of Air
Heritage City and Culture Recreation and Leisure Empowerment
Environmental Hygiene Noise Levels Topographical Vulnerability
CONCLUSIONS
PHYSICAL
Equipment and infrastructure for the Elderly selfsufficiency in services: transport, housing, energy and telecommunications
Accessibility Equipment Housing quality Infrastructure
FONDECYT Research Project N° 1061179 - 2006 Reseacher Giulietta Fadda
Quality of the Utilities Privacy
ECONOMIC
Economic and financial resources; social protection systems for the elderly.
Retirement Poverty Family budget and administration
TRIANGULATION FOR FINAL RESULTS
SURVEY
*
* * * * * * *
FINAL RESULTS / FIELD
H/R
SC/R
DELPHY SURVEY VALPARAÍSO • Urban Structure
FOCUS GROUPS
• Main Elements
METHODOLOGY RESULTS CONCLUSIONS
* *
GIS MAPS SECONDARY INFORMATION INTERVIEWS
* *
FIELD OBSERVATION
FONDECYT Research Project N° 1061179 - 2006 Reseacher Giulietta Fadda
ECONOMIC
PHYSICAL
INSTRUMENTS
NATURAL
FIELDS
SOCIO CULTURAL
The Incidence of the Morphology of the City of Valparaiso on the Quality of Life of the Elderly People
From the collection of information, results by field and by instrument were obtained. The triangulation of these results leads to a final synthesis
HUMAN
AAG Boston 2008
FINAL RESULTS / INSTRUMENTS Natural Field
* * * *
* * * * * * * * *
* * * * * *
S/R
N/R
E/R
FINAL SYNTHESIS
P/R
Human Field
DS/R FG/R
SocioCultural Field
Physical Field Economic Field
GM/R SI/R I/R FO/R
Quality of Life Indeces
AAG Boston 2008
The Incidence of the Morphology of the City of Valparaiso on the Quality of Life of the Elderly People
VALPARAÍSO • Urban Structure • Main Elements
RESULTS
• One of the purposes of this presentation is to analyze the form in which the peculiar geography of the City of Valparaiso affects the quality of life of the senior citizen.
METHODOLOGY RESULTS CONCLUSIONS
FONDECYT Research Project N° 1061179 - 2006 Reseacher Giulietta Fadda
• Results are presented with the help of GIS maps, Focus Groups and Survey. They reflect some of the differences perceived by the senior citizens living either in the hills or in the plain area of Valparaiso.
Valparaiso:The 800 blocks with the most senior inhabitants AAG Boston 2008
The Incidence of the Morphology of the City of Valparaiso on the Quality of Life of the Elderly People
VALPARAÍSO • Urban Structure
+ Valparaiso: % of precarious housing as per the total # of dwellings per block
• Main Elements
Selection of 4 Focus Group Zones
METHODOLOGY RESULTS CONCLUSIONS
Valparaiso: Overlapping the 800 blocks with the highest concentration of the elderly and precarious housing
FONDECYT Research Project N° 1061179 - 2006 Reseacher Giulietta Fadda
Selection of Survey Zones
SURVEY RESULTS AAG Boston 2008
The Incidence of the Morphology of the City of Valparaiso on the Quality of Life of the Elderly People
Results of the survey on the perception that the senior citizen have of their quality of life. Indeces scale between 0 and 1
Very Good
VALPARAÍSO • Urban Structure • Main Elements
METHODOLOGY RESULTS CONCLUSIONS
FONDECYT Research Project N° 1061179 - 2006 Reseacher Giulietta Fadda
Very Bad
AAG Boston 2008
The Incidence of the Morphology of the City of Valparaiso on the Quality of Life of the Elderly People Very Good
VALPARAÍSO • Urban Structure • Main Elements
METHODOLOGY RESULTS CONCLUSIONS
FONDECYT Research Project N° 1061179 - 2006 Reseacher Giulietta Fadda
Very Bad
AAG Boston 2008
The Incidence of the Morphology of the City of Valparaiso on the Quality of Life of the Elderly People
Very Good
VALPARAÍSO • Urban Structure • Main Elements
METHODOLOGY RESULTS CONCLUSIONS
FONDECYT Research Project N° 1061179 - 2006 Reseacher Giulietta Fadda
Very Bad
AAG Boston 2008
The Incidence of the Morphology of the City of Valparaiso on the Quality of Life of the Elderly People Very Good
VALPARAÍSO • Urban Structure • Main Elements
METHODOLOGY Very Bad
RESULTS CONCLUSIONS
FONDECYT Research Project N° 1061179 - 2006 Reseacher Giulietta Fadda
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION REGARDING THE ELDERLY CONSIDERING THEIR NEIGHBORHOOD AS SAFE / U
AAG Boston 2008
The Incidence of the Morphology of the City of Valparaiso on the Quality of Life of the Elderly People
The other thing is the spirit of solidarity which the people have here on the hill, that is something important; I think that people settle here, there are lots of people with families, they feel more secure, too. (Textual quote in Focus Groups).
66,500% Porcentaje
Safety in the neighborhood
57,375% 48,250% 39,125% 30,000% SAFE
UNSAFE
Opinion about the neighborhood
VALPARAÍSO • Urban Structure • Main Elements
Police Covered Area
METHODOLOGY RESULTS CONCLUSIONS
Fire Fighters
FONDECYT Research Project N° 1061179 - 2006 Reseacher Giulietta Fadda
Areas where “pick-pocketing” most often happens
Hill Plain
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION OF ELDER PEOPLE COMMUTING BETWEEN THE PLAIN AREA AND THE HILLS ACCORDING TO THE LOCATION THEY LIVE IN
Plain - Hills Transit AAG Boston 2008
VALPARAÍSO • Urban Structure • Main Elements
METHODOLOGY
100% 80% Porcentaje
The Incidence of the Morphology of the City of Valparaiso on the Quality of Life of the Elderly People
“…the streets are so difficult to walk on, they are hard to climb, but that is the attraction, that’s why it is pretty …so I think that it’s difficult to change, because Valparaiso would lose all its charm; if you changed the streets, if you modernized them, you would change the whole structure, and Valparaiso is like that, it’s beautiful just as it is, even if it´s difficult going up and down the hills sometimes, but that is what people notice, what they like.” (Textual quote in Focus Groups).
60% Hills
40%
Plain
20% 0% Yes
Commuting between Plain Areas and Hills
RESULTS CONCLUSIONS
FONDECYT Research Project N° 1061179 - 2006 Reseacher Giulietta Fadda
Public Transport Covering Frequency of Public Transport
No
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION RELATIVE TO THE OPINION OF THE ELDERLY IN TERMS OF STREETS MAINTAINANCE SERVICES ACCORDING TO THE LOCATION THEY LIVE IN
Street Maintenance AAG Boston 2008
100% 80%
“We’re aging and the town is becoming more and more deteriorated, the roads, you just have to walk and you stumble… you just stumble” (Textual quote in Focus Groups)
Porcentaje
The Incidence of the Morphology of the City of Valparaiso on the Quality of Life of the Elderly People
60%
Hill
40%
Plain
20% 0% Very bad
Good
Very Good
Quality of the Service
VALPARAÍSO • Urban Structure • Main Elements
METHODOLOGY RESULTS CONCLUSIONS
FONDECYT Research Project N° 1061179 - 2006 Reseacher Giulietta Fadda
Bad
Sidewalks Condition
No Answer
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION OF THE ELDERLY CONSIDERING THEIR NEIGHBORHOOD AS IDEAL / NOT IDEAL TO LIVE ACCORDING TO THE LOCATION THEY LIVE IN
Ideal and not Ideal Neighborhood
The Incidence of the Morphology of the City of Valparaiso on the Quality of Life of the Elderly People
VALPARAÍSO
“For example I arrived in this hill when I was 22… There’s a house that’s broken, damaged by earthquakes and everything, but if I'd have to leave it I’d die, just imagine, it’s been more than 60 years in there. Living in the same neighborhood, in the same hill, I adore that, doesn't matter that houses are not as pretty anymore, because you get used to it” (Textual quote in Focus Groups)
100% 80% Porcentaje
AAG Boston 2008
Hill
60%
Plain 40% 20% 0% Ideal to ilive in
No Answer
Opinion of the neighborhood
• Urban Structure • Main Elements
METHODOLOGY RESULTS CONCLUSIONS
FONDECYT Research Project N° 1061179 - 2006 Reseacher Giulietta Fadda
Not ideal to live in
Condition of the Façades
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION OF ELDER PEOPLE CONSIDERING THAT THE CITY OF VALPARAISO IS FRIENDLY TO THE ELDERLY ACCORDING TO THE LOCATION THEY LIVE IN
Friendly / not friendly city
The Incidence of the Morphology of the City of Valparaiso on the Quality of Life of the Elderly People
VALPARAÍSO • Urban Structure • Main Elements
METHODOLOGY RESULTS CONCLUSIONS
FONDECYT Research Project N° 1061179 - 2006 Reseacher Giulietta Fadda
“What’s positive about living in the hills are the views, there’s not as much noise or smog as in downtown, because in downtown you can hardly communicate because of so many vehicles as there are there... especially if you’re a bit hard of hearing” (Textual quote in Focus Groups).
100% 80% Porcentaje
AAG Boston 2008
60%
Hill Plain
40% 20% 0% Yes
No The City is Friendly
No Answer
Quality of Life AAG Boston 2008
The Incidence of the Morphology of the City of Valparaiso on the Quality of Life of the Elderly People
I lost my mother at age two. At eleven I lost my father, I never married, never had children, I’m alone but I have plenty of people around me, friendships, I love life deeply. I love life deeply and don’t want to die under any circumstances. You know why? Because I find that it’s beautiful to be alive. (Textual quote in Focus Groups). I feel so good in my life, I want to live…I want to live and live. It’s lovely, yes, the winter is nice because it’s cold; summer is nice because it’s dry. (Textual quote in Focus Groups). PERCENT DISTRIBUTION RELATIVE TO THE OPINION OF THE ELDERLY IN TERMS OF THE QUALITY OF LIFE IN VALPARAISO CITY ACCORDING TO THE LOCATION THEY LIVE IN
VALPARAÍSO • Urban Structure • Main Elements
METHODOLOGY
100% 80%
CONCLUSIONS
Porcentaje
RESULTS
60%
Hill Plain
40% 20% 0%
FONDECYT Research Project N° 1061179 - 2006 Reseacher Giulietta Fadda
Bad
Regular
Good Quality of Life
Very Good
No Answer
CONCLUSIONS AAG Boston 2008
The Incidence of the Morphology of the City of Valparaiso on the Quality of Life of the Elderly People
Elder People of Valparaiso City perceive that: -
There are many urban deficiencies that are dangerous for their physical security: - It’s an unsafe place, causing a sensation of insecurity, fragility, and lack of protection;
-
While being physically difficult for them, the hills have plenty of other positive meanings, such as:
VALPARAÍSO • Urban Structure • Main Elements
METHODOLOGY
•
RESULTS CONCLUSIONS
• •
FONDECYT Research Project N° 1061179 - 2006 Reseacher Giulietta Fadda
Hosting neighborhoods that are filled with community ties and create bonds of friendship and solidarity among neighbors, Hosting a network of human relationships that are an essential support for the life of senior citizens, and Being a healthier and more fulfilling place than downtown.
CONCLUSIONS AAG Boston 2008
The Incidence of the Morphology of the City of Valparaiso on the Quality of Life of the Elderly People
VALPARAÍSO • Urban Structure • Main Elements
METHODOLOGY RESULTS CONCLUSIONS
FONDECYT Research Project N° 1061179 - 2006 Reseacher Giulietta Fadda
On the other hand, downtown does not provide the same rich community life; therefore, the quality conditions detected in the hills should be stimulated, and the urban conditions particularly impacting senior citizens should be improved.
CONCLUSIONS AAG Boston 2008
The Incidence of the Morphology of the City of Valparaiso on the Quality of Life of the Elderly People
- As a heritage city, Valparaiso is full of positive attributes and picturesque aspects in its urban structure. However, this is not a relevant aspect for the quality of life of elder people.
VALPARAÍSO • Urban Structure • Main Elements
METHODOLOGY RESULTS CONCLUSIONS
FONDECYT Research Project N° 1061179 - 2006 Reseacher Giulietta Fadda
- Social networks are wide and heterogeneous, provide emotional support, and allow them to stay active. Finally, it can be concluded that the irregular topography of Valparaiso which could be considered as something negative for the quality of life of senior citizens - turns out to be an advantage for achieving a friendlier and more sustainable city. This is attributed both to a rich community life and to the habitat provided by the hills, which meet most of the requirements for being considered a real “neighborhood”.
AAG Boston 2008
The Incidence of the Morphology of the City of Valparaiso on the Quality of Life of the Elderly People
VALPARAÍSO • Urban Structure • Main Elements
METHODOLOGY RESULTS CONCLUSIONS
FONDECYT Research Project N° 1061179 - 2006 Reseacher Giulietta Fadda