Third Sector Leaders Kirklees
CONTENTS 1/ INTRODUCTION 1.1
Foreword................................................................................................................... Pg 3
1.2
Acknowledgements.................................................................................................... Pg 4
1.3
Introduction................................................................................................................ Pg 5-6
1.4
Socio-Economic issues In Kirklees............................................................................... Pg 6-7
2/ KEY FINDINGS 2.1
Summary of key findings..............................................................................................Pg 8-9
2.2
Distribution of organisations and geographic variances..............................................Pg 10-19
2.3
Income data, expenditure, assets................................................................................ Pg 20-23
2.4
The Economic Environment......................................................................................... Pg 23
2.5
Financial Ratios – income, reserves and sustainability............................................... Pg 24- 25
2.6
Staffing and volunteers............................................................................................... Pg 26-27
2.7
Volunteering.................................................................................................................Pg 28-30
3/ CONCLUSIONS 3.1
Future expectations..................................................................................................... Pg 31-33
3.2
Quantifying Cuts...........................................................................................................Pg 34
3.3
Conclusion....................................................................................................................Pg 35-38
4/ APPENDIX 4.1
Appendix 1 Activities of Third Sector Organisations.....................................................Pg 39
4.2
Appendix 2 Legal structures ........................................................................................Pg 40
4.3
Sources for data and relevant analysis......................................................................... Pg 41-42
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PART 1 - INTRODUCTION 1.1 Foreword by Tom Taylor, Chair of Third Sector Leaders Kirklees Third Sector Leaders Kirklees speaks on behalf of not for profit and charity organisations which support individuals and communities across Kirklees. Third Sector Leaders Kirklees commissioned this report for three reasons: To better understand the economic scale and role of the third sector in Kirklees To provide a baseline against which we can track change in the third sector To enable us to compare the Kirklees third sector to other areas This report is clear that the third sector makes a significant contribution to economic life in Kirklees, employing thousands of people and providing opportunities for many more volunteers. The third sector contributes around £200,000,000 a year to the Kirklees economy through employment alone. Hundreds of small third sector organisations are working in our most disadvantaged communities, strengthening relationships and enabling vulnerable and excluded people to deal with difficult times. Third sector organisations bring new income to Kirklees from national sources, including central government and national grant giving bodies. They also generate income from local people and organisations by trading, sponsorship and donations. Income from local government in the form of commissioning or grants is still important to voluntary organisations, making up around 37% of their income. It’s not yet clear what the expected cuts in public spending will mean for the third sector. Will the third sector be delivering more public services? What will happen to other income sources? Will the trend of increasing trading income fill the gap? Future ‘state of the third sector’ reports for Kirklees will help Thjrd Sector Leaders Kirklees understand the sectors impact and our contribution to a sustainable local economy as the economic environment changes. This report provides a baseline which will help us identify trends and opportunities and give an indication of how local and national policy making impacts on the local voluntary and community sector. Tom Taylor, February 2013 Third Sector Leaders Kirklees, c/o Voluntary Action Kirklees, 15 Lord Street, Huddersfield HD1 1QB. Visit www.thirdsectorleaderskirklees.org. Follow @tslkirklees on Twitter
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1.2 Acknowledgements The data in this report is based on research work published in 2010 and 2011 as a result of two major research projects undertaken in Yorkshire and Humber led by Involve Yorkshire and Humber. The first is the Northern Rock Foundation Third Sector Trends Study which is the first substantive region-wide research into the size, composition and scope of the Third Sector in Yorkshire and Humber. This research was supported by Local Development Agencies across the region. This research was published by Involve Yorkshire & Humber and is the most recent robust research available about the size, income, activities and employment in the third sector across Yorkshire and the Humber. This data was commissioned from Southampton University and the research team at the National Council for Voluntary Organisations and undertaken as part of the Northern Rock Foundation Third Sector Trends Study. This survey draws the big picture of the third sector as a whole: social enterprise is a close up of part of that big picture. The data which forms the basis of this report is based on the actual numbers of organisations and on the information contained in their returns to the Charity Commission, Companies House or other regulatory body. This data was captured at the level of individual local authorities and in North Yorkshire at the level of individual district councils. Where actual figures are not available we have used the data to help provide reliable estimates drawn from other government data sources. The second piece of work was an Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) Third Sector Research Fellowship hosted by the Centre for Regional and Economic Social Research at Sheffield Hallam University and delivered by them and Mark Crowe at Involve. This research sets out the data from the Northern Rock Foundation in the context of the policy developments surrounding Big Society.
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1.3 Introduction The third sector includes a wide range of organisations including social enterprises (companies limited by guarantee, co-operatives and community interest companies), registered charities; faith groups and smaller unregistered groups. Activities of these organisations range from selfhelp and support, community action, delivery of services, campaigning and managing buildings. They are often small businesses - employing staff and training them, they often trade and generate income through enterprising activity. In particular the third sector has a vital role to play in those localities that have suffered from repeated cycles of market failure and are now facing a reduction in public sector employment and the gradual withdrawal of public services. The value of the third sector to the Kirklees area falls into two categories. The quantifiable aspects of the sector: Number of organisations Income and assets of organisations and their economic potential Employment and volunteering created by the sector The impact the sector has on citizens’ lives through: Locally owned and accountable service delivery to beneficiaries Joining up delivery of different service user needs and different public agencies’ agendas Savings to public service commissioners across service delivery areas Active participation in organisations contributing to a broader civil society agenda This report focuses on quantifying the third sector whilst acknowledging that although the principles of impact of the sector are commonly understood and agreed their measurement across Kirklees District would need to be the subject of a further piece of research. The third sector comprises a spectrum of organisations in terms of income, numbers of staff and employees, types of activities and industrial sectors of activity. Third sector organisations derive their income from a range of sources: donations, grant funding, trading, assets and interest as well as running to some extent on the time given by volunteers. Nearly all organisations that have the minimum income to require registration and complete a return (currently £10,000) rely on a blend of all these to deliver their mission. Organisations that are registered with the Charity Commission, Companies House, the CIC regulator or the Financial Services Authority figure in the numbers of businesses recorded in the Inter-Departmental Business Register (IDBR) and as such can be described as “trading entities”, whatever their sources of income and most are also employers as well.
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Organisations that are not registered are also an important part of the equation. Some are new organisations that will grow into registered bodies, others play an important role in local communities or among specific communities of interest. In many cases they will be affiliated to, or members of, the registered bodies identified providing access to specific groups of service users. It is also important to note that organisations registered outside the Kirklees area may well operate within it. The Mapping Report undertaken as part of the Third Sector Trends Study (Mohan and Kane, 2011) identifies a further £775million that comes into Yorkshire and Humber from charities registered elsewhere in England. Whilst there is no comparable research conducted at local authority level, a search for charities on the Charities Aid Foundation website operating in Kirklees identifies a significant number that are not registered in Kirklees (i.e. they are based elsewhere but include Kirklees in their “area of benefit”). The findings in this report are significant for the Third Sector Leaders in Kirklees as they show the significant contribution to the economy by the third sector and the employment created by the sector. Also highlighted are elements of the third sector where there is potential to grow and where the current economic conditions are likely to have an adverse impact. 1.4 Socio-Economic Issues in Kirklees The Third Sector in Kirklees is placed in a local economy which is fragile with over reliance on sectors that are declining, nationally. There has been little jobs growth in recent years and a fall in the number of private sector jobs. The public sector is a major employer and some staff have transferred into the third sector as a result of cuts to the public sector (e.g. Kirklees Active Leisure and Locala CIC). • Unemployment in Kirklees disproportionately affects particular groups – particularly ethnic minorities and young people. • A large workless population of 35,135 represents an opportunity cost to Kirklees – with a loss in economic productivity of up to £840 million (2010 figures) to the Kirklees economy. Economic and demographic changes in Kirklees are likely to lead to a change in the occupational profile of the district – with the expansion of Health, Culture/Media and Sport and Customer Service jobs over the next 15 years. • Large disparities exist in income levels in Kirklees – a difference in household income of around £31,000 between the most affluent and poorer areas. Also, up to 30% of households in the district live below an acceptable standard of living. Population growth in Kirklees means that the number of people living in the district will increase from 403,000 to 480,600 by 2033 (+19%). • Young people make up around a fifth of the population currently and as they reach working age and enter the labour market they will add significant pressure to the demand for jobs. 6
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• The number of older people (aged over 65), is projected to grow by 58% in next two decades – putting pressure on social and health care service demand. • With one of the highest proportions of BME residents (16.2%) and with the 11th largest Pakistani community in England, Kirklees has an increasing diverse population with residents of south Asian origin set to make up one fifth of the local population by 2031. • Kirklees is the 75th most deprived local authority (out of 354) in England and amongst the 50 most deprived areas based on income and employment. • Over 50,000 Kirklees residents (12.5% of the population) suffer from some sort of disability – 40% of which do not have a job. Unemployment amongst the disabled is twice the average. • A high degree of correlation exists between areas with high concentrations of claimants for disability allowances and deprived areas • 23% of children in Kirklees are affected by child poverty i.e. around 21,800 in August 2007 (the national equivalent was 21.6%). • Priorities for Kirklees residents varied, according to the Place Survey (2008). Economic factors (such as job prospects) appear to be particularly important for the young and BME residents. Source: Kirklees Council Economic Assessment Summary 2010/11
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PART 2 – KEY FINDINGS 2.1 Summary of Key Findings There are over 1,089 registered third sector organisations and nearly 1,128 unregistered organisations in Kirklees. This is just over 8% of all third sector organisations in Yorkshire and Humber and a higher proportion than across the city region. Total income for the sector in Kirklees is in the order of £171million per annum and the sector has assets of £127.6million valuing the sector at just under £350million. The third sector employs 4,220 staff (fte) in Kirklees. This equates to 2.5% of the total workforce in Kirklees. There are two major social enterprise organisations in Kirklees: Locala (supplying communitybased healthcare services for the NHS) and Kirklees Active Leisure which delivers leisure and sports facilities on behalf of Kirklees Council. Information relating to KAL is included in the above figures. Locala was established in 2010 and therefore doesn’t appear in these figures. Locala’s turnover is £47million and Locala employs 1,240 people. Taking Locala into account the headline figures for Kirklees are income for the sector of £218 million and employment of 5,459 staff or 3.6% of the Kirklees workforce. Based on the Gross Value Added figures used by Kirklees Council (£36,758 per employee) the third sector in Kirklees contributes something over £200million in productivity into the Kirklees economy. There are nearly 25,000 volunteers in registered organisations alone, or at least a quarter of the population giving “unpaid help” once a month or more. This is worth £10.9million at minimum wage rates. Some data is not available at the local authority level – what follows are trends that can be reliably established from sub-regional or regional level data.
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The activities of organisations in the whole of the third sector which are most prevalent across Yorkshire and Humber are: culture and recreation, social services and development. The activities that have the highest proportions of organisations that are not charities (i.e. those that are companies limited by guarantee, CICs and IPSs) are housing (34%), culture and recreation (41%) and employment and training (51%). In numeric terms the highest numbers of organisations that are not charities are in the fields of housing, development and culture and recreation. An average of 35% of all third sector organisations in the Leeds City Region LEP area receives some funding from their local authority in the form of contract or grant. This is very often the keystone of an individual organisation’s “blend” of funding. Based on the information from the Treasury at the time of the 2010 Comprehensive Spending Review cuts in local authority expenditure if passed straight through to the third sector would put at risk over a third (16,500) of all jobs in the sector in the Leeds City Region LEP area. The trend for charities is for an increase in trading activity as “earned income” rose from 55% (£855million) in 2006/7 to 68% (£1.08billion) in 2007/8 across all registered charities in Yorkshire and Humber.
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2.2 Distribution of organisations and geographic variances The Leeds City Region LEP area contains 17,773 third sector organisations of the 28,594 in Yorkshire and Humber. This is comprised of half the unregistered organisations and over a third of all registered organisations (registered charities and other not for profit companies) in Yorkshire and Humber. Over half the not for profit organisations (as opposed to registered charities) in Yorkshire and Humber, including nearly three quarters of all housing associations are located in the Leeds City Region LEP area. The chart below shows the percentages of each category of organisations in the Leeds City Region LEP area.
Third sector organisations in the Leeds LEP area (%)
General charities, 32.23
Unregistered TSOs, 56.10 Housing associations, 0.45
General charities Housing associations Companies limited by guarantee Industrial and provident societies Community interest companies Faith groups Unregistered TSOs
Companies limited by guarantee, 4.30 Industrial and provident societies, 3.36 Community interest companies, 0.48 Faith groups, 2.15
Figure 1 Source: GuideStar Data Services/ Northern Rock Foundation Third Sector Trends study
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The distribution of organisations by type in Kirklees is shown in the diagram below. In terms of comparison with the rest of the City Region, Kirklees has a higher proportion of registered organisations and also a higher proportion of “social enterprise� type organisations located in the area. Third Sector Organisations in Kirklees
General charities, 739, 38%
No legal form, 956, 49%
Housing associations, 4, 0%
General charities Housing associations Companies limited by guarantee Industrial and provident societies Community interest companies Faith groups No legal form
Companies limited by guarantee, 104, 5%
Faith groups, 41, 2%
Industrial and provident societies, 102, 5% Community interest companies, 11, 1%
Figure 2 - Source: GuideStar Data Services/ Northern Rock Foundation Third Sector Trends study
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The distribution of registered TSOs shows that large urban areas tend to have fewer organisations per head of population but a higher proportion of these are medium and large. As to be reasonably expected, the greatest number of organisations is located in Kirklees, Bradford and Leeds as the main centres of population. Craven and Harrogate have high proportions of registered organisations. Areas of greater disadvantage have higher proportions of unregistered organisations in general, reflecting less formal mutual support networks. Registered TSOs in the Leeds City Region LEP area by local authority
Barnsley 6%
York 10% Wakefield 7%
Bradford 15%
Selby 4%
Calderdale 8%
Craven 5%
Leeds 21%
Harrogate 11% Kirklees 13%
Figure 3 Source: GuideStar Data Services/ Northern Rock Foundation Third Sector Trends study
Kirklees has a higher than the Yorkshire and Humber average (and the Leeds City Region LEP area) of not for profit companies (i.e. companies limited by guarantee, industrial and provident societies and community interest companies). Along with these organisations, registered charities with an income of over ÂŁ10,000 tend to have a strong trading element to their work. The same is also true of a number of faith organisations, some with a high profile, but also included in this category are places of worship and institutions within the church establishment so it is impossible to separate them without further research. Micro-charities and unregistered organisations are unlikely to trade or employ staff but a proportion of these may grow into larger entities over time.
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Number of organisations by category in the Leeds City Region LEP area
Housing associati ons
Compa nies limited by guarant ee
Industrial and provident societies
Commu nity interest compan ies
Faith groups
Total Registe red TSOs
Unregister ed TSOs
Total third sector
10,914
114
1,462
895
141
692
14,218
14376
28,594
Leeds City Region LEP area
5892
80
765
597
86
382
7802
9971
17,773
Barnsley
338
1
48
70
5
30
492
663
1,155
Bradford
814
16
187
76
11
67
1,171
2234
3,405
Calderdale
453
6
68
55
2
23
607
956
1,563
Craven
334
5
17
17
6
14
393
95
488
Harrogate
733
5
32
23
2
27
822
168
990
Kirklees
739
4
104
102
11
41
1,001
1128
2,129
Leeds
1,170
34
199
128
33
103
1,667
3627
5,294
Selby
273
0
14
8
2
8
305
95
400
Wakefield
383
1
56
89
5
33
567
742
1,309
York
655
8
40
29
9
36
777
263
1,040
General charities
Yorkshire and the Humber
Table 1 - Source: GuideStar Data Services/ Northern Rock Foundation Third Sector Trends study
By showing the number as well as the proportion of organisations by type in each local authority area both the scale and relative importance of organisation type is identifiable and the differences in the composition in each district become apparent. Numerically, registered organisations that are not registered charities (and are easiest to class as “social enterprises�) make up around 8% of the total number of organisations.
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Organisations by type as a proportion of all TSOs by local authority area (%)
All Register ed charities
Housin g associa tions
Comp anies limited by guara ntee
Industrial and provident societies
Commu nity interest compa nies
Yorkshire and the Humber
38.17
0.40
5.11
3.13
Leeds City Region LEP area
33.15
0.45
4.30
Barnsley
29.26
0.09
Bradford
23.91
Calderdale
Faith groups
Total Regis tered TSOs
Unregist ered TSOs as a % of all TSOs
0.49
2.42
49.72
50.28
3.36
0.48
2.15
43.90
56.10
4.16
6.06
0.43
2.60
42.60
57.40
0.47
5.49
2.23
0.32
1.97
34.39
65.61
28.98
0.38
4.35
3.52
0.13
1.47
38.84
61.16
Craven
68.44
1.02
3.48
3.48
1.23
2.87
80.53
19.47
Harrogate
74.04
0.51
3.23
2.32
0.20
2.73
83.03
16.97
Kirklees
34.71
0.19
4.88
4.79
0.52
1.93
47.02
52.98
Leeds
22.10
0.64
3.76
2.42
0.62
1.95
31.49
68.51
Table 2 Source: GuideStar Data Services/ Northern Rock Foundation Third Sector Trends study
Looking at the composition of each category of third sector organisation we can see that 76.25 Selby 68.25 societies 0.00 figure 3.50 prominently 2.00 23.75 industrial and provident in0.50 Kirklees2.00 and Wakefield, as well as Leeds whereas community interest companies currently make a small contribution in Harrogate and Wakefield 29.26 0.08 4.28 6.80 0.38 2.52 43.32 56.68 Selby York
62.98
0.77
3.85
2.79
14
0.87
3.46
74.71
25.29
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Contribution to the composition of the Third Sector in the Leeds City Region LEP area by each local authority
All Registered charities
Leeds City Region LEP area (number)
Housing associations
Companies limited by guarantee
Industrial and provident societies
Community interest companies
Faith groups
5892
80
765
597
86
382
Barnsley
5.74%
1.25%
6.27%
11.73%
5.81%
7.85%
Bradford
13.82%
20.00%
24.44%
12.73%
12.79%
17.54%
Calderdale
7.69%
7.50%
8.89%
9.21%
2.33%
6.02%
Craven
5.67%
6.25%
2.22%
2.85%
6.98%
3.66%
Harrogate
12.44%
6.25%
4.18%
3.85%
2.33%
7.07%
Kirklees
12.54%
5.00%
13.59%
17.09%
12.79%
10.73%
Leeds
19.86%
42.50%
26.01%
21.44%
38.37%
26.96%
Selby
4.63%
0.00%
1.83%
1.34%
2.33%
2.09%
Wakefield
6.50%
1.25%
7.32%
14.91%
5.81%
8.64%
11.12%
10.00%
5.23%
4.86%
10.47%
9.42%
York
Table 3 - Source: GuideStar Data Services/ Northern Rock Foundation Third Sector Trends study
Showing aggregated data is helpful but from a Kirklees point of view looking at one type of organisation in more detail helps to identify the organisations of most interest. There is more detailed data available for registered charities than for other types of organisation. As this is also the largest category of organisations trading and employing people it may help model some of the other categories of organisation.
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Proportion of registered Charities in the Leeds LEP area by income as a % of all TSOs
Large £1million- £10 million, 0.73
Major over £10 million, 0.04
Medium £100k - £1 million, 3.84
Micro - under £10k Small £10k-100k Medium £100k - £1 million Large £1million- £10 million Major over £10 million
Micro - under £10k, 17.35 Small £10k-100k, 10.27
Figure 4 - Source: GuideStar Data Services/ Northern Rock Foundation Third Sector Trends study
Number of registered charities by income band as a % of all TSOs in Kirklees
Micro under £10k
Small £10k100k
Medium £100k £1 million
Large £1million - £10 million
Major over £10 million
Yorkshire and the Humber
20.36
11.69
4.43
0.75
0.06
Leeds City Region LEP area
17.35
10.27
3.84
0.73
0.4
Kirklees
18.88
10.90
3.15
0.47
0
Table 4 - Source: GuideStar Data Services/ Northern Rock Foundation Third Sector Trends study
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Number of registered charities by income band as a % of all TSOs in Kirklees
Large £1million- £10 million, 0.47 Major over £10 million, 0 Medium £100k - £1 million, 3.15
Micro - under £10k, 18.88
Small £10k-100k, 10.9
Micro - under £10k Small £10k-100k Medium £100k - £1 million Large £1million- £10 million Major over £10 million
Figure 5 - Source: Source: NCVO, Southampton University, Northern Rock Foundation, GuideStar Data Services
The make-up of the registered charity element of the third sector in each district varies considerably. Less than half of all charities (small, medium, large and major) in Kirklees are likely to be trading or employers. The weighting of employment is highest in medium and large charities which are proportionally under-represented in Kirklees. Although the proportion of employment in charities is likely to be lower in Kirklees because of this, the rate of employment in third sector organisations in Kirklees seems to be solidly average. The income of these organisations in Kirklees is as follows: Micro - £0.8million; Small £8.0million; Medium - £22.7million; Large - £35.5million; Major - nil. The distribution of income is discussed in more detail in the next section. However as the tables below show the distribution of organisations in relation to the population of each authority and the income of the sector in relation to the population of each authority resists following simple rules. The highest value organisations are in York, Harrogate and Leeds but from a support point of view Craven and Calderdale are the areas where the highest proportions of organisations per capita are located. The high proportion of micro organisations in Craven and Harrogate may well be an indicator that people in even the smallest groups see some value in making the commitment to set up small organisations formally in less disadvantaged areas. Of the metropolitan districts, Kirklees has one of the lowest levels of registered charity income per head of population.
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Geographic Distribution of TSOs and Income Based on Population All TSO's per 10,000 populatio n
Registered TSO's per 10,000 population
Total income of registered charities £million)
Income of registered charities per head of population
Yorkshire and Humber
54.85
27.27
£1,599
£306.70
Leeds City Region LEP area
60.86
26.71
£771
£264.13
Barnsley
51.13
21.78
£40
£174.86
Bradford
67.87
23.34
£96
£190.35
Calderdale
77.45
30.08
£47
£233.89
Craven
86.83
69.93
£10
£179.72
Harrogate
61.68
51.21
£59
£365.11
Kirklees
52.71
24.78
£70
£173.31
Leeds
68.68
21.63
£268
£347.30
Selby
48.78
37.20
£10
£119.51
Wakefield
40.61
17.59
£44
£135.59
York
53.22
39.76
£129
£661.72
Table 5 - Source: GuideStar Data Services/ Northern Rock Foundation Third Sector Trends study
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Proportions of TSOs per 10,000 population ranked by local authority All TSO's per 10,000 population
Registered TSO's per 10,000 population
Not for profit companies per 10,000 population
Craven
86.83
Craven
69.93
Craven
Calderdale
77.45
Harrogate
51.21
Calderdale
7.63
Leeds
68.68
York
39.76
Bradford
7.12
Bradford
67.87
Selby
37.20
Barnsley
6.82
30.08
Leeds City Region LEP area
6.54
60.86
Yorkshire and the Humber
27.27
Kirklees
6.49
54.85
Leeds City Region LEP area
26.71
Leeds
6.45
6.34
Harrogate Leeds City Region LEP area Yorkshire and the Humber
61.68
Calderdale
10.50
York
53.22
Kirklees
24.78
Yorkshire and the Humber
Kirklees
52.71
Bradford
23.34
York
6.24
Barnsley
51.13
Barnsley
21.78
Wakefield
5.71
Selby
48.78
Leeds
21.63
Harrogate
5.55
Wakefield
40.61
Wakefield
17.59
Selby
3.90
Table 6 - Source: GuideStar Data Services/ Northern Rock Foundation Third Sector Trends study
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2.3 Income data, expenditure, assets The most robust analysis of income comes from Mohan et al Mapping the Third Sector in Yorkshire and Humber (2011), This estimates the income of the sector in Yorkshire and Humber at £2.75billion with assets of £2.71billion making the whole sector worth around £5.5billion. The third sector in the Leeds City Region LEP area accounts for well over half that amount with income of £1.6billion and assets of £1.2billion. The sector in Kirklees is worth £171 million. Registered charities make up the largest proportion of the income and assets of the third sector, over three times the value of the companies limited by guarantee, industrial and provident societies and community interest companies. Housing associations make a significant contribution although much of their value is tied in housing stock. Based on the Gross Value Added figures used by Kirklees Council (£36,758 per employee) the third sector in Kirklees contributes well over £200million in productivity into the Kirklees economy. The distribution of income by local authority and organisation type follows the patterns established by the numeric distribution of organisations. Typically the large number of micro organisations makes a very small contribution to the overall income figures. The bulk of charity income is generated by the much smaller numbers of medium to major organisations.
Income of organisations by type (£million)
General charities
Housing associati ons [1]
Companie s limited by guarantee [1]
Industrial and provident societies [1]
Community interest companies [1]
Faith groups
Total
Yorkshire and the Humber
1,599
522
423
42
7
156
2,749
Leeds City Region LEP area
863
366
221
28
4
86
1,569
Kirklees
108
18
30
5
1
9
171
Table 7 - Source: GuideStar Data Services/ Northern Rock Foundation Third Sector Trends study [1] For all third sector organisations (except faith groups and general charities) income, expenditure and assets represent only organisations in the sample identified by Mohan and Kane (2011). As the largest organisations are likely to be within the sample, it is not possible to extrapolate income and expenditure of sample organisations to the population. As such these results are likely to under-estimate the actual finances of these types of organisations.
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Income of registered charities by size (£million)
Micro under £10k
Small £10k100k
Medium £100k £1 million
Large £1milli on£10 millio n
Yorkshire and Humber
12.7
110.3
374.5
590.5
472.3
1,560.4
Leeds City Region LEP area
6
61
211
371
115
765
0.8
8.0
22.7
35.5
0.0
66.9
Kirklees
Major over £10 millio n
Total income £m of registered charities
Table 8 - Source: GuideStar Data Services/ Northern Rock Foundation Third Sector Trends study
Income of Registered Charities in Kirklees (£m) Major, 0.0, 0%
Micro, 0.8, 1%
Small, 8.0, 12%
Micro Small Medium Large Major
Large, 35.5, 53%
Medium, 22.7, 34%
Figure 6 - Source: GuideStar Data Services/ Northern Rock Foundation Third Sector Trends Study
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The income of the sector is derived from a range of sources. The table below (from Mohan and Kane 2011) shows the proportions of income into general charities across Yorkshire and Humber. Detailed figures are not available for local areas or the Leeds City Region LEP area but, based on the overall income of registered charities, a working estimate for Leeds City Region LEP area would be to halve the figures for Yorkshire and Humber. These figures already show a drop in grants from the statutory sector and an increase in contracts from them. Overall the percentage drop in voluntary income is compensated for by the rise in earned income (a total of 68%) showing that charities have already established themselves financially as trading entities. General Charities in Yorkshire and Humber Income Sources 2006/07 ÂŁmillion
2007/08 %
ÂŁmillion
%
Individuals(donations)
141.2
9%
98.3
6%
Statutory sources incl Lottery (grants)
320.4
21%
222.5
14%
Voluntary sector ( grants e.g. foundations)
79.7
5%
35.6
2%
Private sector (sponsorship)
34.3
2%
31.6
2%
575.5
37%
388
24%
30.6
2%
29.9
2%
268.8
17%
292.9
18%
Statutory sources (commissioning)
471
30%
584
37%
Voluntary sector
51.2
3%
118.9
7%
Private sector
64.1
4%
85.4
5%
Earned income
855.1
55%
1,081.20
68%
Investment income
66.1
4%
81.5
5%
Trading subsidiary
33
2%
18.2
1%
Total voluntary income Legacies Individuals (service provision)
Total income
1,560.40
1,598.90
Table 9 - Source: GuideStar Data Services/ Northern Rock Foundation Third Sector Trends study
Mohan and Kane (2011) highlight the importance of income from statutory agencies (c. ÂŁ806million) to charities in Yorkshire and Humber but point out that this is due to the difficulty in 22
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obtaining funds from other sources. Of the statutory funds over half comes from central government and the NHS. This area of funding although it had increased at a faster rate than income from local government up to 2010 is now set to decrease. 2.4 The Economic Environment Detailed reliable and comparable information on the impact of cuts is hard to come by without undertaking a large scale survey, even in a single authority area. What follows is taken from information drawn from national and regional sources showing the direction of travel at the moment. Data gathered by NCVO and other support organisations (including Involve) since January 2011 on the website http://www.vcscuts.org.uk shows that 50 organisations in the Leeds City Region LEP area have contributed information about cuts worth over £7million. Following the Local Government Settlement in the 2010 Comprehensive Spending Review, Voluntary Action Leeds has identified £2.3 million or 10% cuts to the third sector in terms of both contracts and grants combined In Leeds. According Kirklees Council’s Economic Assessment 2010/11 “Potential cuts of up to 25% in public expenditure will have a severe impact upon theKirklees economy, both directly (public sector employment) and also in terms of the private sector jobs and number of businesses. A 25% cut in local procurement would represent a fall of at least £35 million in GVA.” Clearly the reduction in local authority expenditure will impact on the sector further as the withdrawal of programmes such as West Yorkshire Grants shows. Other major grant-makers are also facing reductions in the grants they can offer, notably the National Lottery Distributors. Lottery funding makes up over 8% of registered charities income in Yorkshire and Humber – twice the national average – changes in the distribution as well as reduction of these funds will have a significant impact on the sector. The economic environment is also having an impact on individual giving with overall levels of giving to charities remaining static from 2009 to 2010 according to national research from the Charities Aid Foundation (December 2011). Although more people are giving to charity the amount they are giving has dipped slightly. Larger charities (£10million) seem to have been most affected by the change in giving which could be accounted for by the following hypotheses (Charities Aid Foundation, August 2011): Were people happy to continue putting money into collecting tins and sponsoring family and friends, but reining back on long-term commitments to charity? If so, this may well have affected larger charities the most. Are we seeing the importance of ‘local’ to people? Donors may feel they need to support smaller charities, particularly in hard financial times, as they are possibly perceived to need it more. For larger trusts and foundations reliant on investment income, low interest rates will have affected their grant budgets. Whatever the causes are in the changing nature of giving, for many charities the replacement of statutory sources of income by donations and philanthropy will take some time to materialise, if at all.
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2.5 Financial ratios – income, reserves and sustainability The resilience of all third sector organisations to the worsening financial climate and the projected increase in need for their services can be roughly calculated by the amount of running costs organisations hold in reserve. Reserves are required for organisations to at the very least meet their statutory obligations as employers and to creditors. At best reserves support organisations through times of change or allow them the freedom to innovate and develop new services. At the present time data has been extrapolated from samples of organisations making assessments of individual, smaller local authorities unreliable. Information has been presented here to explore the trends in Yorkshire and Humber and the Leeds City Region LEP area which we expect to be reflected in Kirklees. The tables below indicate the situation of registered charities as the economy entered the recession. Funds held by charities expressed as years of expenditure, Yorkshire and the Humber 2006/7
Figure 7 - Funds held by charities expressed as years of expenditure, Yorkshire and the Humber 2006/7 Source: GuideStar Data Services/ Northern Rock Foundation Third Sector Trends study (Wells et al A Big Society in Yorkshire and Humber? 2010)
As Wells et al (2010) point out “The figures provide a crude assessment of the vulnerability of charities in the region. The analysis does not include 'below the radar' organisations or the level of variation within particular places”. The chart below from Mohan and Kane (2011) shows that across Yorkshire and Humber for general (i.e. registered) charities almost 60% of organisations have less than one year’s running costs in reserve.
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Funds held as years of expenditure, Yorkshire and the Humber 2007/08 (% of general charities) Less than 1 year
0%
10%
20%
1 to 10 years
30%
40%
More than 10 years
50%
60%
70%
80%
90% 100%
Less than £10k
57%
33%
10%
£10k-£100k
58%
33%
9%
£100k-£1m
64%
£1m-£10m
63%
8%
33%
71%
Over £10m Total
27%
4% 29%
59%
32%
0% 9%
Figure 5 - Funds held as years of expenditure, Yorkshire and the Humber 2007/08 (% of general charities) Source: NCVO, Southampton University, Northern Rock Foundation, GuideStar Data Services.
Figures for the Leeds City Region LEP area suggest that the amount held in reserves averages about 18 months worth of expenditure across all registered charities. These estimates are based on returns to the Charity Commission for the financial year 2007/8 - before the recession began to bite and before the 2010 Comprehensive Spending Review. Anecdotal evidence received by Involve, NCVO and other support bodies suggests that a significant proportion of organisations are already using their reserves to continue their mission until new revenue streams can be established. This is confirmed by national data produced by the Charities Aid Foundation in May 2011 showing that the total reserve levels for all charities in England and Wales had fallen by over half from 2007 to 2009. This suggests a significant weakening of the sector including the loss of organisations. Those organisations that survive will face the double challenge of continuing to “do more with less” and to adapting to new ways of working, working with new client groups or developing and delivering new services. An average of 35% of all third sector organisations in the Leeds City Region LEP area receives some funding from their local authority in the form of contract or grant. This is very often the keystone of an individual organisation’s “blend” of funding. Based on the information from the Treasury at the time of the 2010 Comprehensive Spending Review cuts in local authority expenditure if passed straight through to the third sector would put at risk over a third (16,500) of all jobs in the sector in the Leeds City Region LEP area.
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2.6 Staffing and volunteers Number of staff in the third sector, by Local Authority Population (2008)
Employed by third sector
% Employed by third sector
Yorkshire and Humber Total
2,386,900
71,832
3.00%
Leeds City Region LEP area
1,499,800
49,284
3.28%
Kirklees (including Locala)
150,200
5,459
3.6%
Table 10 - Source: Northern Rock Foundation Third Sector Trends study: National Survey of Third Sector Organisations (2008), ONS
The data produced by Mohan, Rajme, and Kane (2011) Paid work and volunteering in the third sector in Yorkshire and the Humber, is the best estimate of employment in the sector available and forms the basis of the tables and charts below. Third sector organisations in the Leeds City Region LEP area account for almost 50,000 employees or 3.3% of all employees. In Kirklees this proportion is slightly higher att 3.6 % or 5,459 employees (including Locala). The National Council for Voluntary Organisations Workforce Almanac shows that nationally: The third sector workforce is highly qualified: 37% have a degree, 73% have A-levels, only 3% have no qualifications. 68% of the workforce are women. 32% are men 62% work full time, 38% work part time 56% have a training plan in place and 64% have a training budget in place
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Third sector employment as a proportion of total employment by local authority
0.0%
1.0%
2.0%
3.0%
4.0%
5.0%
North Yorkshire
4.7% 4.2%
York Doncaster
3.5%
Barnsley
3.5%
Calderdale
3.3%
Bradford
3.1%
Leeds
3.0% 2.9%
Kingston upon Hull, City of Sheffield
2.8%
Rotherham
2.6%
Kirklees
2.5%
Wakefield
1.9%
North East Lincolnshire
1.9%
East Riding of Yorkshire
1.9%
North Lincolnshire
Regional average: 3.0%
1.1%
Figure 5 Source: GuideStar Data Services/ Northern Rock Foundation Third Sector Trends study
Number of staff in third sector, by organisation type
Registe red Charitie s
Comm unity Interes t Comp any
Com pany Limit ed by Guar antee
Industri al and Provid ent Society
Total
Yorkshire and Humber Total
47,673
810
14,383
8,960
71,832
LEEDS LEP
33,081
278
9651
6271
49,284
2,320
1,253
1,689
197
5,459
Kirklees (inc Locala)
Table 11 - Source: National Survey of Third Sector Organisations (2008), ONS/ Northern Rock Foundation Third Sector Trends study
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2.7 Volunteering There are two main measures of volunteering: the Labour Force Survey (LFS) and the National Survey of Third Sector Organisations/ National Survey of Charities and Social Enterprises (NSTSO). The LFS asks individuals whether they have given unpaid help in the last month/ 12 months. The NSTSO asks organisations how many volunteers they use. Data from both surveys suggests that between 200,000 and 250,000 people volunteer in third sector organisations in the Leeds City Region LEP area. Taking an average of 6 hours volunteering per month per person (following Mohan, Raime and Kane, 2011) at a minimum wage rate of ÂŁ6.08 per hour this equates to around ÂŁ1billion of voluntary effort in the Leeds City Region LEP area. Using the same formula, in Kirklees there are around 25,000 people who volunteer, contributing ÂŁ11million to the local economy. This does not include the benefits to volunteers and communities of the value of the work undertaken or the value of volunteering as entry to employment. Much of the work of the smaller and unregistered organisations is done entirely on voluntary effort and highlights the value of those segments of the third sector to the Leeds City Region LEP area in a wider economic sense. Lower levels of volunteering prevail in areas of greater disadvantage and these are also the areas that have higher proportions of unregistered organisations. Bradford is the largest local authority to buck this trend but the positions of Wakefield and Barnsley tell the story of large numbers of relatively small organisations without the infrastructure to support large numbers of formal volunteers.
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% who have given unpaid help at least once per month over the last 12 months 0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
North Yorkshire
29.5
Bradford
27.1
Calderdale
26.4
Kirklees
25.6 24.0
East Riding of Yorkshire
23.0
York
22.3
Yorkshire and the Humber
21.1
Sheffield North Lincolnshire
20.7
Rotherham
20.0
Doncaster
19.6
Leeds
19.6 19.0
North East Lincolnshire Barnsley
18.3
Wakefield
18.1
Average for England: 23.2
14.0
Kingston upon Hull, City of
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Volunteering, by Local Authority % who have given unpaid help at least once per month over the last 12 months (Place Survey 2008)
Number of volunteers (National Survey of Third Sector Organisations 2008)
22.3
337,173
23.45
15,925
25.6
28,525
Yorkshire and Humber Total LEEDS LEP Kirklees
Table 12 - Source: Place Survey (2008), National Survey of Third Sector Organisations (2008) / Northern Rock Foundation Third Sector Trends study
% who have given unpaid help at least once per month over the last 12 months (Place Survey 2008)
Yorkshire and Humber LEEDS LEP Kirklees
Number of volunteers (National Survey of Third Sector Organisations 2008)
Value of volunteering (at an average of 6 hrs per month per person, using minimum wage rate of £6.08 p/ hour)
22.3
337,173
£98.4million
23.45
224,424
£65,5million
25.6
24,825
£10.87million
Table 10 - Source: Northern Rock Foundation Third Sector Trends study: National Survey of Third Sector Organisations (2008), Place Survey, 2008; ONS
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PART 3 - CONCLUSIONS 3.1 Future expectations Involve Yorkshire and Humber carries out a Quarterly Confidence Survey. 65% of respondents to Involve’s September 2011 are based/ work in the Leeds City Region LEP area. The survey covers financial, employment and the general situation of organisations. The table below summarises the responses from organisations based in the Leeds City Region LEP area. Over the next 12 months, do you think economic conditions within the voluntary sector will improve, remain stable or deteriorate?
Improve
0.0%
Remain stable
13.9%
Deteriorate
86.1%
Organisations that see the situation as remaining stable tend to be based in York or North Yorkshire. In other local authority districts the mood is more pessimistic. During the next 3 months, does your organisation Increase 29.0% have actual plans to increase or decrease the extent Decrease 20.3% of the services that it offers? No change
50.7%
Fewer organisations than in previous surveys plan to expand services. 5% more than 6 months ago intend to reduce services, these organisations are across all areas of the third sector activity and location. During the next 3 months, does your organisation Increase 18.6% have actual plans to increase or decrease paid staff Decrease 22.9% numbers? No change
58.6%
There has been a steady increase in the proportion of organisations that intend to increase their staffing over the last year. The last 6 months shows a smaller increase in the percentage of organisations that will reduce their staffing. Do you expect the FINANCIAL situation of your Improve 11.8% organisation to improve, remain stable or deteriorate Remain stable 42.6% over the next 12 months?
The proportions of organisations have held a generally steady state over the last year Do you think the GENERAL situation of your organisation will improve, remain stable or deteriorate over the next 12 months?
Deteriorate
45.6%
Improve
20.6%
Remain stable
48.5%
Deteriorate
30.9%
Health and care organisations are most likely to think their general situation will improve over the next year Do you expect your organisation to collaborate more More 68.1%
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or less with other organisations over the next 12 months?
Less
5.8%
No change
26.1%
The expectation of organisations to collaborate more remains high. How do you expect your local authority to influence Positive influence your organisation's success over the next 12 Negative influence months?
36.5% 23.8%
No influence
28.6%
Not applicable
11.1%
Organisations in York, North Yorkshire and Kirklees reported that their local authority was likely to have a positive influence on their success. The overall proportions remain static from the last survey.
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How do you expect your local PCT to influence your organisation's success over the next 12 months?
Positive influence
35.9%
Negative influence
15.6%
No influence
29.7%
Not applicable
18.8%
Almost all health and social care organisations across the Leeds City Region LEP area see their PCT as a positive influence. The overall proportions remain static from the last survey. How do you expect central government departments Positive influence 17.5% to influence your organisation's success over the Negative influence 36.5% next 12 months? No influence
34.9%
Not applicable
11.1%
Community, neighbourhood and regeneration/ development organisations in all authorities think that central government departments will have a negative impact on their organisation. Family and youth organisations see them as having a positive impact. Compact Voice has said 'half of all local authorities More than to other are making disproportionate cuts to the VCS' In services 24.5% relation to budget cuts for the financial year 2011-12, Less than to other is your local authority reducing resources to the services 18.4% voluntary sector by: It is not reducing resources at all
4.1%
Don't know
53.1%
Those organisations who think the cuts are disproportionate are from across the LEP area and from a variety of organisation types. Table 13 – Source: Involve Quarterly Confidence Survey September 2011
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3.2 Quantifying Cuts Predicting the impact of cuts on third sector organisations is extremely difficult as organisational factors also have a huge affect on whether any charity or social enterprise succeeds or not. If we look at the financial information alone 52% of charities’ expenditure is on staffing, with an average of £18,100 per employee. If we apply this average to the whole of the third sector in Leeds City Region LEP it means that the value of the total wages in the third sector is in the region of £350million. Using data from Leeds City Council on the impact of budget cuts in Leeds a 10% reduction in grants and contracts would represent a risk to over 1,200 jobs or take £1.15million out of the economy in lost wages. To take the example of Leeds further the £20 million in grants and contracts is roughly 7.5% of the income of registered charities in Leeds which should be seen as an investment that returns nearly 14 times its own value into the city’s economy. Extrapolated to the Leeds City Region LEP area this could be as many as 5,000 posts at risk or £3.5million out of the City Region’s economy. This is more than just about money or even jobs. The investment into the third sector provides services to people who wouldn’t otherwise receive them, it provides volunteering opportunities that lead people into active participation in the economy and it creates a civil society in areas where market failure and the withdrawal of the state has led to a culture of low aspiration and a steady cycle of decline.
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Conclusion The future prospects for the third sector in the Leeds City Region LEP area include some immediate challenges, in particular the different approaches taken by local authorities which are the largest purchaser of services from the third sector. The current situation is that local authorities are changing their grant and commissioning processes to cope with the reductions in the expenditure that they face. This is creating a hiatus for organisations planning over the next twelve months. Forecasting the future of the third sector in the Leeds City Region LEP area is a complex task – not least because of the differences in the state of the sector and its relationship within individual local authorities. Looking at national trends indicates the following issues face the sector: Giving and philanthropy From Karl Wilding’s blog (NCVO) http://www.ncvo-vol.org.uk/networkingdiscussions/blogs/209/11/08/08/seven-deadly-charity-myths Charitable giving fell during the recession, with donations from individuals falling by nearly £1 billion between 2008 and 2009.[1] Worryingly this has not yet recovered. It also comes at a time when demand for services has increased by over 17% [2]. [1] Wilding, K (2010) ‘Voluntary organisations and the recession’ Voluntary Sector Review 1,1 and NCVO (2009) Charity Forecast; [2] NCVO/CAF - UK Giving 2010 http://www.ncvo-vol.org.uk/giving Cathy Pharaoh (co-director of the ESRC Research Centre for Charitable Giving and Philanthropy (CGAP) at Cass Business School) in an article entitled Jam Tomorrow (http://www.charitiesdirect.com/caritas-magazine/jam-tomorrow-1061.html) identifies the following trends Real income values have fallen two years running Statutory funding has propped up overall funding levels Little protection if social enterprise initiatives don’t work New generation of donors needed In a twin-stranded policy context aimed simultaneously at an immediate government spending reduction and a longer-term rebalancing of sector income away from dependence on statutory funding, charity managers have never been under greater pressure to think short term but focus long term.[…] For the second year running, the aggregate income of the top 500 fundraising charities recorded a drop. Like last year’s list, this year’s top 500 showed an annual real fall of 1.1 per cent in fundraised income in 2009/10, and an average real drop in total income from all sources of 0.5 per cent. The figures show that as the lag effect of recession continued to be felt in various charity
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income streams, charities have been left in a position of running to try to stand still: before adjusting for inflation, fundraising income grew by just £74m to just over £6bn. With a scenario of reduced statutory funding for the long and short-term, the last few months have seen almost feverish sector interest in the scope for increasing income from donations and major philanthropy. So it is not a good sign that one of the major factors underlying this overall drop in the real value of income was that 2009/10 was another challenging year for general donations. There was a substantial fall in their overall value in 2009/10, a real drop of two per cent. This decline is directly related both to lower spending power amongst some sections of the donating public, as well as to a fall in trust and foundation grant making.
Employment: From NCVO’s website news: http://www.ncvo-vol.org.uk/news/civil-society/voluntary-sectoremployment-hit-economic-downturn Employment by headcount in the sector nationally fell by 5% in the year to September 2011. However, there was also an increase in part-time working as people traded off wages for organisational and job security. From Karl Wilding’s blog: http://www.ncvo-vol.org.uk/networkingdiscussions/blogs/209/11/09/20/future-work-voluntary-sector Implications: smaller organisations will shrink back to a core paid staff with a coordinating role; trustees will be expected to step-up in terms of contribution to strategy; professional services (HR etc) will be provided pro-bono as firms look for easy CSR opportunities; and maybe more circuit rider type employees. Leadership, and specifically where will the next generation of leaders come from? As the public sector downsizes, will the third sector just import the (hundreds of) thousands of ex-public sector managers? And if it does, what are the implications for culture and career progression in the sector? Skills: will the new skills the sector needs come from in the sector, despite pressure on training budgets, or will they come from outside the sector? And if we are short-circuiting a skills gap, what are the implications for Remuneration? Do these drag up employment costs across the sector, or will we mimic the differentials seen in other sectors?
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The Sectoral Impact of Commissioning and contracting Being part of the supply chain for private sector deliverers of public services is on the face of it a logical and potentially attractive proposition for charities. However, in practice there are a number of barriers to automatic success. Even if organisations succeed in being part of a tender for a bid to deliver public services they don’t always receive any work even if the bid is successful. If they do receive work the levels of support available to them in terms of administration, quality assurance and non-delivery aspects of the contract are variable. If they do receive work payment profiles may not support expenditure profiles causing cash-flow problems or difficulties recruiting and retaining staff. Payment by results (PBR) From Matthew Taylor’s blog (RSA) http://www.matthewtaylorsblog.com/uncategorized/a-results-driven-business/ It seems that in many areas where PBR is becoming the dominant form of contract (for example, rehabilitation and employment) third sector service providers face a dilemma. Because the results targets for PBR are set so punishingly high these organisations are having to bid for contract in which there is a high degree of risk that the services they provide will cost more than the fee the charity receives. In order to continue to provide a service, perhaps even to survive as an organisation, the charity has no choice but to use its charitable funds to subsidise projected losses on the contract. To an extent this can be disguised by charities crossing their fingers and hoping to perform exceptionally well, but while this might work for the lucky few many other providers know they are set to lose. This was, for example, the experience of many Citizens Advice Bureaux running Legal Servicers Commission contracts. The consequence of these changes at a sectoral level is likely to emphasise the distinction between the larger organisations delivering contracted public services to a public sector agenda and smaller organisations delivering to a geographic or community interest agenda but continuing to rely on grant aid and voluntary effort. Long-term historical analysis of the third sector shows that the sector is capable of weathering recessions and even growing as demand for its services increases.
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What this is likely to mean is that organisations will face in the short-term a funding gap which they will have to use their reserves to bridge. If organisations face the closure of services then reserves will be used to meet their statutory obligations as employers in terms of redundancy payments to staff. In the longer term we can see where some of the structural vulnerabilities lie in the sector – among organisations in the middle income bands relying on limited contracts with one authority or department. However, this part of the sector is the one that deals with beneficiaries that tend to have more complex needs or face multiple barriers to employment and inclusion. These needs are likely to rise. A laissez-faire approach to the sector as a whole may well have the unintended consequences of gaps in the supply chain for local authorities to fulfil their duties as well as unnecessary loss of employment, income and capacity in local economies.
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PART 4 - APPENDIX 4.1 Appendix 1 - Activities of Third Sector Organisations Classification of third sector organisations in Yorkshire and the Humber, 2007/08 (number of organisations) CIC
CLG
IPS
Faith
Total
Charities
16
402
709
0
1,127
1,596
Religion
0
40
0
692
732
675
Development
7
275
92
0
374
957
Housing
4
46
103
0
153
304
Employment and training
7
101
7
0
115
112
Environment
19
76
19
0
114
369
Social services
10
90
12
0
112
2,130
Health
3
43
2
0
48
392
Law and advocacy
5
36
6
0
47
247
Education
1
35
0
0
36
589
Playgroups and nurseries
1
34
1
0
36
584
Research
0
19
2
0
21
191
Umbrella bodies
0
7
0
0
7
92
Grant-making foundations
1
5
0
0
6
574
International
0
1
0
0
1
197
Other
0
0
0
0
0
1,905
No ICNPO classification
14
116
36
0
166
-
Not classified
53
156
0
0
209
-
141
1,482
989
692
3,304
10,914
Culture and recreation
Total
Table 14 - Source: NCVO, Southampton University, Northern Rock Foundation, GuideStar Data Services/ Northern Rock Foundation Third Sector Trends study
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4.2 Appendix 2 Legal Structures Legal Structures- Third sector organisations in Yorkshire and the Humber, 2007/08
Gener al chariti es
Housi ng associ ations
Compa nies limited by guarant ee
10,914
114
1,462
895
141
692
14,218
5892
80
765
597
86
382
7802
Barnsley
338
1
48
70
5
30
492
Calderdale
453
6
68
55
2
23
607
Kirklees
739
4
104
102
11
41
1,001
Wakefield
383
1
56
89
5
33
567
Bradford
814
16
187
76
11
67
1,171
1,170
34
199
128
33
103
1,667
York
655
8
40
29
9
36
777
Craven
334
5
17
17
6
14
393
Harrogate
733
5
32
23
2
27
822
Selby
273
0
14
8
2
8
305
Yorkshire and the Humber Leeds City Region LEP area
Leeds
Industri al and provide nt societie s
Commu nity interest compan ies
Faith group s
Total third sector
Table 15 - Source: NCVO, Southampton University, Northern Rock Foundation, GuideStar Data Services/ Northern Rock Foundation Third Sector Trends study
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State of the Third Sector Report 2013
Third Sector Leaders Kirklees
4.3 Sources for data and relevant analysis Regional Forum (2009, 2011) Third Sector Trends Study Summary for Yorkshire and the Humber, Involve Yorkshire & Humber Briefing Charities Aid Foundation (May 2011) Charity Surpluses Dropped https://www.cafonline.org/media-office/press-releases/2011/may-2011/charity-surplusesdropped.aspx Charities Aid Foundation (August 2011) The Bigger they Are‌ http://www.charitytrends.org/InsightFull.aspx Charities Aid Foundation (December 2011) Over a Million More Give to Charity https://www.cafonline.org/media-office/press-releases/2011/dec-2011/over-a-millionmore.aspx Crowe, M. (2009) Flows Through Government in Clark, Dobbs, Kane and Wilding (eds) The State and The Voluntary Sector, London, NCVO Crowe, M; Dayson, C and Wells, P (2010) Prospects for the Third Sector in People, Place & Policy Online vol 4/1, pp. 29-32 Crowe, M (2011) Local Authority Cuts, Involve Yorkshire & Humber Briefing Crowe, M (2011) Below the Radar? Unregistered Organisations in the Third Sector in Yorkshire and Humber, Involve Yorkshire & Humber Briefing Involve Yorkshire & Humber (2011) Quarterly Confidence Survey Kirklees Council Economic Assessment Summary 2010/11 http://www.kirklees.gov.uk/business/economicassessment/economicassessment.shtml Leeds City Council (2011) Third Sector Grants and Contracts 2010-11 to 2011-12 http://www.val.org.uk/_documents/Third%20Sector%20Grants%20%20Contracts%20%20Budget%20Impact%20Summary.pdf Mohan, John and Kane, David (NCVO) (Third Sector Research Centre, University of Southampton) 2011 Mapping registered Third Sector Organisations in Yorkshire and the Humber. Northern Rock Foundation, Third Sector Trends Study Mohan, John; Rajme, Frida Geyne (Third Sector Research Centre, University of Southampton) and Kane, David (NCVO) 2011 Paid work and volunteering in the third sector in Yorkshire and the Humber, Northern Rock Foundation Third Sector Trends Study
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State of the Third Sector Report 2013
Third Sector Leaders Kirklees
Mohan, John; Branson, Julia; Barnard; Steve (Third Sector Research Centre, University of Southampton) and Kane, David (NCVO) (2011) Entering the lists: what can be learned from local listings of third sector organisations? Results from a study of Northern England. Northern Rock Foundation, Third Sector Trends Study National Council for Voluntary Organisations (2011) The UK Voluntary Sector Workforce Almanac National Survey of Third Sector Organisations (2008) Office of the Third Sector (Cabinet Office) http://www.nscsesurvey.com/ National Survey of Civil Society and Social Enterprises (2010) Office of Civil Society (Cabinet Office) http://www.nscsesurvey.com/ Voluntary Sector Cuts website: www.vcscuts.org.uk Wells, P; Dayson, C; Wilson, I; and Hems, L (2009) Third Sector and Recession: an initial quantitative assessment: Research Report for Capacitybuilders Wells, P; Crowe, M; Gilbertson, J; Gore, T (2010) A Big Society in Yorkshire and the Humber? CRESR, Sheffield Hallam University/ Involve Yorkshire & Humber Wells, P; Crowe, M; Gilbertson, J; Gore, T (2011) A Big Society in Yorkshire and the Humber? In People, Place & Policy Online : vol. 5/2, pp. 89-106.
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State of the Third Sector Report 2013