Mobility & e-Learning Delivery Methods

January 13, 2011 @ IMACT, Muang Thong, Nonthaburi, Thailand

The International e-Learning Conference 2011 (IEC2011)

V. Duangchinda, Y. H. Kim, and K. Mekhabunchakij

Mobility and e-Learning Delivery Methods: Perspectives from Higher Education of Thailand @ The International e-Learning Conference 2011 (IEC2011) - January 13, 2011

Vorasuang Duangchinda (Michael) Information Science Institute, Sripatum University, Bangkok, Thailand; vduangchinda@gmail.com Prof. YoungHwan Kim, Ph.D. Department of Education, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea; younghkim@pusan.ac.kr Kittima Mekhabunchakij, Ph.D. Information Science Institute, Sripatum University, Bangkok, Thailand; kittima.me@spu.ac.th Duangchinda, Kim, and Mekhabunchakij (2011)

ISIS: Information Science Institute, Sripatum University, Bangkok, Thailand

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Mobility and e-Learning Delivery Methods: Perspectives from Higher Education of Thailand @ The International e-Learning Conference 2011 (IEC2011) - January 13, 2011

1) Holistic Systemic Approach for the Sustainable Development and Inclusive Growth of APEC Future Education: Higher Education: Policy, ICT & Systemic Change - Mobility and e-Learning Delivery Methods: Through the Perspectives of Thailand Cyber University Project (TCU), The 6th APEC Future Education Forum & The 8th International ALCoB Conference, 2010, pp. 131-142.

2) Mobility and e-Learning Delivery Methods: Through the Perspectives of Thailand Cyber University Project (TCU), Asia-Pacific Cybereducation Journal, vol. 6., no. 1 (2010), pp. 30-49.

Also available online at: http://acecjournal.org/2009/Journal_Data/Vol6No1/6-1-3.pdf

Duangchinda, Kim, and Mekhabunchakij (2011)

ISIS: Information Science Institute, Sripatum University, Bangkok, Thailand

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Mobility and e-Learning Delivery Methods: Perspectives from Higher Education of Thailand @ The International e-Learning Conference 2011 (IEC2011) - January 13, 2011

Duangchinda, Kim, and Mekhabunchakij (2011)

ISIS: Information Science Institute, Sripatum University, Bangkok, Thailand

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Mobility and e-Learning Delivery Methods: Perspectives from Higher Education of Thailand @ The International e-Learning Conference 2011 (IEC2011) - January 13, 2011

Glossary| Thailand Cyber University (TCU) • Founded in 2005 by Office of The Higher Education Commission, Ministry of Education, Thailand to be the central body of cooperative activities among universities to promote and support online distance education (e-Learning) in Thailand. • Honorable Mentions for the 2009 UNESCO King Hamad Bin Isa Al-Khalifa Prize for the Use of ICTs in Education as over 13,000 education professionals from 76 institutes have been trained.

Duangchinda, Kim, and Mekhabunchakij (2011)

ISIS: Information Science Institute, Sripatum University, Bangkok, Thailand

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Mobility and e-Learning Delivery Methods: Perspectives from Higher Education of Thailand @ The International e-Learning Conference 2011 (IEC2011) - January 13, 2011

Glossary| Mobility • Ability to access and participate in teaching and learning content while moving via wireless network. • Mobility in this research focuses on practical use of portable devices such as mobile phones (including smartphones), PDAs, and Portable media players such as MP3 and Mp4 players (including iPAD), while larger devices such as laptops or notebooks or tablet pcs are excluded for the Operational Definition of Mobility for this research.

Duangchinda, Kim, and Mekhabunchakij (2011)

ISIS: Information Science Institute, Sripatum University, Bangkok, Thailand

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Mobility and e-Learning Delivery Methods: Perspectives from Higher Education of Thailand @ The International e-Learning Conference 2011 (IEC2011) - January 13, 2011

Glossary| Integrative Delivery Method (IDM) • One of four Program Delivery Methods in Extension Education. IDM gives opportunities for learners to discuss, clarify, or to gain better understanding of the study content, and therefore effective learning can take place.

• IDM consists of a set of 22 Delivery Modes.

Duangchinda, Kim, and Mekhabunchakij (2011)

ISIS: Information Science Institute, Sripatum University, Bangkok, Thailand

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Program Delivery Methods in Extension Education - Integrative Methods Delivery Modes 1. Conference Meetings of small or large group of people within same interest for formal presentations to the entire group.

2. Convention Assembly of a large number of people with similar interests, which may be more than one group at a time.

3. Seminar Meetings of group with specific subject led by a recognized body.

7. Symposium 13. Brainstorming Assembly that small number of A turn-based discussion. experts making short presentation to audiences.

4. Panel Discussions within small group of knowledgeable members of exchange of ideas without formal presentation.

5. Forum Group discussion that allows members to participate during a period of time.

6. Meeting Group of people meet together for common purpose.

10. Institute Series of in-depth presentation for those who share common interest.

8. Colloquy Gathering of experts to discuss in front of audiences who may ask questions until the issue is resolved.

9. Dialogue Discussion of 2 persons in front of audiences.

11. Buzz group Discussion between 5-8 persons for topic raised by larger group assembly.

12. Discussion group Informal gathering for discussing a topic of mutual concern.

19. Computer network Linkage of 3 or more computers connected for members to share ideas or exchange information.

14. Audience reaction team 20. Satellite conferencing A group of 3 selected members to respond Teleconferencing via cable or to specific information. satellite.

15. Listening team A pre-presentation process where a few audiences are invited to preview the presentation and suggest how the presentation should be.

16. Interview Face to face meeting for exchanging facts.

17. Teleconference 3 or more persons at different locations engaged in audio or video discussion through electronic means.

18. Telephone conversation Voice Communication between two people who are at different places through

21. Personal visit Face to face exchange of information at least 2 persons usually at the location of persons receiving the information.

22. Office visit Face to face exchange of information at least 2 persons usually at the location of persons providing the information.

modified from Richardson, Jenkins, & Crickenberger, 1994

Mobility and e-Learning Delivery Methods: Perspectives from Higher Education of Thailand @ The International e-Learning Conference 2011 (IEC2011) - January 13, 2011

Motivation • There are many ways of delivering e-Learning content.

Impact of applying Mobility into the 22 modes of IDM based on a group of lecturers around Thailand at Higher Education level should be considered.

Duangchinda, Kim, and Mekhabunchakij (2011)

ISIS: Information Science Institute, Sripatum University, Bangkok, Thailand

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Mobility and e-Learning Delivery Methods: Perspectives from Higher Education of Thailand @ The International e-Learning Conference 2011 (IEC2011) - January 13, 2011

Endorsement and Survey Support| TCU • This study receives permission from TCU to survey their members who are lecturers at Higher Education level throughout Thailand.

• A web-based questionnaire was sent by TCU to all registered members at Higher Education level, and to the nine TCU regional hub Universities around the country; to capture expert’s choices and opinions in relation to the IDM and application of Mobility.

Duangchinda, Kim, and Mekhabunchakij (2011)

ISIS: Information Science Institute, Sripatum University, Bangkok, Thailand

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Mobility and e-Learning Delivery Methods: Perspectives from Higher Education of Thailand @ The International e-Learning Conference 2011 (IEC2011) - January 13, 2011

The Survey| 4 Parts 1. Demographic and general information.

2. Experience on each of the 22 IDM modes and believe in application of Mobility in each mode.

3. Confirmation of findings in previous study.

4. Confirmation of definition of the 22 IDM modes as influenced by Social Media.

Duangchinda, Kim, and Mekhabunchakij (2011)

ISIS: Information Science Institute, Sripatum University, Bangkok, Thailand

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Mobility and e-Learning Delivery Methods: Perspectives from Higher Education of Thailand @ The International e-Learning Conference 2011 (IEC2011) - January 13, 2011

• Part 1: 118 Participants Survey Responders: By Gender

60, 51%

58, 49%

Male

Duangchinda, Kim, and Mekhabunchakij (2011)

Female

Question Part 1

ISIS: Information Science Institute, Sripatum University, Bangkok, Thailand

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Survey Responders: Age Groups > 60yr

Question Part 1

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2

56yr - 60yr

Survey Responders: Level of Education

3

51yr - 55yr

15

46yr - 50yr

12

41yr - 45yr

16, 13%

15

36yr - 40yr

30

31yr - 35yr

Bachelor Degree

73, 62% 29, 25%

22

26yr - 30yr

Masters' Degree Doctorate

18

20yr - 25yr

1

< 20yr

0 0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Survey Responders: Years of experience in e-Learning 50

9

5 4 Year

3 Year

2 Year

1 Year

0 < 1 Year

15

7

6

8

4

5 3

3 3

3 2

22 10 Year

12

9 Year

10

16

8 Year

20

14

As Learner

7 Year

20

6 Year

20

As Educator

23

5 Year

30

7 > 10 Year

43

40

4

How Many Responders Have Used Each Mode of IDM in Traditional Education?*

How Many Responders Have Used Each Mode of IDM in e-Learning?*

8. Colloquy

8. Colloquy

20. Satellite…

20. Satellite…

14. Audience reaction…

14. Audience…

17. Teleconferencing

17. Teleconferencing

10. Institute

7. Symposium

15. Listening team

22. Office visit

9. Dialogue 7. Symposium 18. Telephone…

18. Telephone…

10. Institute 15. Listening team

11. Buzz group

4. Panel

2. Convention

2. Convention

22. Office visit

11. Buzz group

4. Panel

21. Personal visit

21. Personal visit

9. Dialogue

16. Interview

16. Interview

1. Conference

1. Conference

5. Forum

3. Seminar

13. Brainstorming

13. Brainstorming

12. Discussion Group

6. Meeting

3. Seminar

12. Discussion Group

19. Computer network

5. Forum

6. Meeting

* Display in Percentage

19. Computer…

Question Part 2

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Question Part 2 IDM Modes 1. Conference 2. Convention 3. Seminar 4. Panel 5. Forum 6. Meeting 7. Symposium 8. Colloquy 9. Dialogue 10. Institute 11. Buzz group 12. Discussion Group 13. Brainstorming 14. Audience reaction team 15. Listening team 16. Interview 17. Teleconferencing 18. Telephone conversation 19. Computer network 20. Satellite conferencing 21. Personal visit 22. Office visit

% of Responders and their Experience Traditional Education e-Learning Have Used Haven't Use Have Used Haven't Use 52.54 47.46 38.14 61.86 39.83 60.17 24.58 75.42 69.49 30.51 38.98 61.02 42.37 57.63 23.73 76.27 53.39 46.61 56.78 43.22 72.88 27.12 51.69 48.31 36.44 63.56 18.64 81.36 18.64 81.36 7.63 92.37 35.59 64.41 26.27 73.73 28.81 71.19 20.34 79.66 39.83 60.17 25.42 74.58 68.64 31.36 56.78 43.22 68.64 31.36 48.31 51.69 21.19 78.81 13.56 86.44 33.90 66.10 22.88 77.12 48.31 51.69 31.36 68.64 25.42 74.58 16.10 83.90 37.29 62.71 19.49 80.51 72.03 27.97 60.17 39.83 19.49 80.51 11.86 88.14 46.61 53.39 26.27 73.73 41.53 58.47 19.49 80.51

Mobility and e-Learning Delivery Methods: Perspectives from Higher Education of Thailand @ The International e-Learning Conference 2011 (IEC2011) - January 13, 2011

Question Part 2 Respondersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Experience with the Modes of IDM IDM Modes that responders have used most 1. Conference 3. Seminar 5. Forum 6. Meeting 12. Discussion Group 13. Brainstorming 19. Computer network

Duangchinda, Kim, and Mekhabunchakij (2011)

Traditional Education % have Rank used 52.54 6 69.49 3 53.39 5 72.88 1 68.64 4*tie 68.64 4*tie 72.03 2

e-Learning % have Rank used 38.14 6 38.98 5 56.78 2*tie 51.69 3 56.78 2*tie 48.31 4 60.17 1

ISIS: Information Science Institute, Sripatum University, Bangkok, Thailand

Gap 14.4 30.51 -3.39 21.19 11.86 20.33 11.86

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Mobility and e-Learning Delivery Methods: Perspectives from Higher Education of Thailand @ The International e-Learning Conference 2011 (IEC2011) - January 13, 2011

Comparison of the Five Modes of IDM that have been primarily used Top 5 Primary IDM Modes that the e-Pro Teachers have used Discussion group

% of the e-Pro teachers who have used the mode

% from 118 responders in this study

Gap

100

56.78

43.22

Brainstorming

86

48.31

37.69

Seminar

64

38.98

Telephone conversation

64

Conference

57

Top 5 Primary IDM Modes that the 118 responders have used Computer network

% of the 118 responders who have used the mode

% from e-Pro teachers

Gap

60.17

36

24.17

Forum

56.78

43

13.78

25.02

Discussion Group

56.78

100

-43.22

19.49

44.51

Meeting

51.69

43

8.69

38.4

18.6

Brainstorming

48.31

86

-37.69

Question Part 2 Duangchinda, Kim, and Mekhabunchakij (2011)

ISIS: Information Science Institute, Sripatum University, Bangkok, Thailand

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How Significance will the Application of Mobility improve Educational Opportunities in e-Learning?

1. Conference 22. Office visit

2. Convention

70

21. Personal visit

3. Seminar

60 50

20. Satellite conferencing

4. Panel

40

19. Computer network

5. Forum

30 20

18. Telephone conversation

6. Meeting

10 0

17. Teleconferencing

7. Symposium

16. Interview

8. Colloquy

15. Listening team

9. Dialogue

14. Audience reaction team

10. Institute

13. Brainstorming

11. Buzz group 12. Discussion Group

High Significance

Significance

Average

Some Significance

Question Part 2 Low Significance

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How Significance will the Application of Mobility Improve Educational Opportunities in e-Learning?: Five Most Significance IDM - High Significance VS. Average 19. Computer network 118 98 78

20. Satellite conferencing

6. Meeting

58 38

GAP

18

Computer Network 67-9 = 58

-2

Meeting 42-18 = 24 Teleconferencing 42-20 = 22

5. Forum

17. Teleconferencing

Brainstorming 41-17 = 24 Forum 40-28 = 12 Satellite Conferencing 40-23 = 17

13. Brainstorming Significance

Average

Question Part 2 19 of 26

Delivery Modes in order of significance for improving Educational Opportunities in e-Learning

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Question Part 3

60

50

48

48

40

37

36

35 30

26

26 23

24 23 22

23

22

18

20

16

10

25

27

26

14

12

9 10

16 17

7

0

Discussion Group 1st Rank

Forum 2nd Rank

Brain Storming 3rd Rank

4th Rank

Conference 5th Rank

Buzz Group Linear (1st Rank)

22 Modes of IDM 5. Forum 8. Colloquy 15. Listening team 10. Institute 11. Buzz group 21. Personal visit 22. Office visit 4. Panel 9. Dialogue 13. Brainstorming 14. Audience reaction team 17. Teleconferencing 19. Computer network 20. Satellite conferencing 12. Discussion Group 1. Conference 16. Interview 18. Telephone conversation 2. Convention 6. Meeting 7. Symposium 3. Seminar

Percentage of Approval for Current Definition of each Mode of IDM (Highest to Lowest) 97.46 97.46 97.46 96.61 96.61 96.61 96.61 95.76 95.76 95.76 95.76 95.76 95.76 95.76 94.92 94.07 94.07 94.07 Question 93.22 93.22 Part 4 93.22 21 of 26 91.53

Mobility and e-Learning Delivery Methods: Perspectives from Higher Education of Thailand @ The International e-Learning Conference 2011 (IEC2011) - January 13, 2011

Correlations| Pearson Chi-Square (significance level of a = .05) 1. Gender is significantly associated with application of Mobility to IDM. Value

df 60.622(a)

42

Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) 0.031

97 %

2. Age is significantly associated with application of Mobility to IDM. Value 415.255(a) Duangchinda, Kim, and Mekhabunchakij (2011)

df 336

Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) .002

ISIS: Information Science Institute, Sripatum University, Bangkok, Thailand

98 %

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Mobility and e-Learning Delivery Methods: Perspectives from Higher Education of Thailand @ The International e-Learning Conference 2011 (IEC2011) - January 13, 2011

Correlations| Pearson Chi-Square (significance level of a = .05)

3. Age is significantly associated with Approval of Current Definition of IDM. Value

df 95.323(a)

72

Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) .034

97 %

4. Experience in e-Learning as a Learner is significantly associated with Approval of Current Definition of IDM. 100 Value 164.073(a) Duangchinda, Kim, and Mekhabunchakij (2011)

df 99

Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) .000

ISIS: Information Science Institute, Sripatum University, Bangkok, Thailand

% 23 of 26

Mobility and e-Learning Delivery Methods: Perspectives from Higher Education of Thailand @ The International e-Learning Conference 2011 (IEC2011) - January 13, 2011

Correlations| Pearson Chi-Square (significance level of a = .05) 5. Experience in e-Learning as an Educator is significantly associated with Approval of Current Definition of IDM. 100 Value 195.084(a)

Duangchinda, Kim, and Mekhabunchakij (2011)

df 99

Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) .000

%

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Mobility and e-Learning Delivery Methods: Perspectives from Higher Education of Thailand @ The International e-Learning Conference 2011 (IEC2011) - January 13, 2011

1. Most of the lecturers believe in the benefits of integration of Mobility into the delivery method.

2. Gender, Age, and Experience of the lecturers strongly determine the application of the IDM in e-Learning.

3. Approval of current definitions for all 22 modes in IDM when taking Social Media into account.

4. The result is not of the same order as in previous studies.

Duangchinda, Kim, and Mekhabunchakij (2011)

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