CLBKTXLan11-ToaNhaDuc-GMP-TranCongDuc

Project report Project Name: Deutsches Haus HCM, Vietnam

P-Nr.: 080_00000

DRAFT

Shanghai, 14.03.2014

Deutsche Haus Ho Chi Minh Stadt, Vietnam Project report Nr. 1 Facade fact finding journey: Hong Kong, Beijing, Shanghai

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Seite 1

Project report Nr.1

Project: Deutsches Haus HCM, Vietnam

P-Nr.: 080_00000

DRAFT

PART A 1. Executive Summary

Owner: Architect: Project management: M+E design: Facade:

evaluation matrix

Deutsches Haus Ho Chi Min City (DH-HCM) gmp international (gmp) Mace WSP Drees&Sommer Engineering, Shanghai (D&S)

1.1 Project background The project 'Deutsches Haus Ho Chi Minh Stadt' from its bilateral project background constitutes a showcase of German design and engineering and a lighthouse project for quality standards and adequate energy efficiency with consideration of local climate, functionality. At the same time the development of the project is exposed to local market conditions and economic considerations for optimized value for money and efficient operation.

The architectural design by gmp international architects for realization of the project 'Deutsches Haus Ho Chi Minh Stadt' is designed with a fully glazed facade system with a glass surface as first exterior layer. No fixed or movable, horizontal or vertical sun shading devices in front of the outside glass surfaces are wanted. According to the architectural concept of the facade, sun shading is provided by adjustable louver blinds inside the cavity of a double skin facade with approx. 250mm-300mm total construction depth. Although the feasabilty of the proposed system is generally plausible, some technical and functional details require clarification and design deepening during the next planning phases.

Preliminary calculation of facade areas (by gmp): 1. office facades: 2. apartment facades: 3. glass gap: 4. roof parapet: 5. others:

11.958 sqm 2.498 sqm 2.188 sqm 839 sqm 318 sqm

TOTAL

17.800 sqm

1.2

Evaluation matrix

see inserted attachement

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1

CCF

2

C-DSF

Evaluation matrix facade types:

evaluation levels

CCF (closed cavity cacade) C-DSF (compact double skin) A-DSF (active double skin) SSF (single skin facade) B-SSF (benchmark single skin)

good fair, can be recommend poor, not recommend

Closed Cavity Facade

1 1.1

Double Skin Facade outwards ventilated

Long Term experience and system innovation Degree of difficulty for chain of procurement and production in HCM, Vietnam

1.2

Innovation and USP for Ho Chi Minh real estate market

Best facade worldwide

1.3

Long term system experience

Warranty by contractor necessary

Best facade in Vietnam

comprehensive subtotal 2

Appearance and architecture

2.1

Outside appearance acc. to original glass architecture intention

2.2

Street context / light pollution effect

Low reflection glass

Low reflection glass

comprehensive subtotal 3

Good work environment, comfort, IEQ

3.1

Noise protection of facade (with opening sash closed)

up to Rw=48 dB

up to Rw=42 dB

3.2

Natural ventilation through facade system (at nighttime)

Only with additional operable sash

Possible through facade

3.3

Inside surface temperature

Triple glazing

Over temperature in cavity

3.4

Daylighting of office and living spaces

Clear vision glass

Clear vision glass

3.5

View to outside / transparency with sun shading

2 glass surfaces (1 in outdoor air)

4 glass surfaces (3 in outdoor air)

Protected sun shading system

System in outdoor air

Ucw = ca.0,9

Ucw = ca.1,8

comprehensive subtotal 4

Cleaning & maintainance

4.1

Cleaning effort of glass

4.2

Cleaning effort of sun shading system

4.3

Maintainance of facade and system parts comprehensive subtotal

5

Sustainabilty / U-value / physical performance of facade

5.1

Sun protection capacity and U-value (W/m²K)

5.2

Durabilty / longevity sunshading system / glare protection comprehensive subtotal

6

Economic Feasability

6.1

Construction costs, investment costs facade (base facade element)

579 USD/m²

566 USD/m²

6.2

Lower energy demand for cooling from external loads

Energy reduction 44%

Energy reduction 46%

6.3

Operation costs (hardware, engines, pressurized air system, air extraction)

Pressurized air maintainance

Engines in outdoor air

6.4

Electricity demand pressurized air or air extraction

Low demand

No demand

6.5

Higher electricity demand for artificial lighting (from sun protection glazing) comprehensive subtotal

Recommendation Drees&Sommer / DS-Plan

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3

A-DSF

4

SSF

Evaluation matrix facade types:

evaluation levels

CCF (closed cavity cacade) C-DSF (compact double skin) A-DSF (active double skin) SSF (single skin facade) B-SSF (benchmark single skin)

good fair, can be recommend poor, not recommend

Active Double Skin Facade inwards ventilated

1

Single Skin Facade exterior metal roller blind

Long Term experience and system innovation

1.1

Degree of difficulty for chain of procurement and production in HCM, Vietnam

1.2

Innovation and USP for Ho Chi Minh real estate market

1.3

Long term system experience

No innovation

Best sun shading system in Vietnam

comprehensive subtotal 2

Appearance and architecture

2.1

Outside appearance acc. to original glass architecture intention

2.2

Street context / light pollution effect

Roller blind influences appearance Reflective solar protection glass

Low reflection glass

comprehensive subtotal 3

Good work environment, comfort, IEQ

3.1

Noise protection of facade (with opening sash closed)

up to Rw=40dB

up to Rw=36dB

3.2

Natural ventilation through facade system (at nighttime)

Only with additional operable sash

With operable sash

3.3

Inside surface temperature

Mechanical extraction necessary

3.4

Daylighting of office and living spaces

Small reduction of visible ligth

3.5

View to outside / transparency with sun shading

Small reduction of visible ligth Transparent sun protection system

comprehensive subtotal 4

Cleaning & maintainance

4.1

Cleaning effort of glass

4.2

Cleaning effort of sun shading system

4.3

Maintainance of facade and system parts

4 glass surfaces (3 in indoor air)

2 glass surfaces (1 in outdoor air)

Additional maintainance of airduct

System in outdoor air

Ucw = ca.1,7

Ucw = ca. 2,0

comprehensive subtotal 5

Sustainabilty / U-value / physical performance of facade

5.1

Sun protection capacity and U-value (W/m²K)

5.2

Durabilty / longevity sunshading system / glare protection comprehensive subtotal

6

Economic Feasability

6.1

Construction costs, investment costs facade (base facade element)

547 USD/m²

659 USD/m²

6.2

Lower energy demand for cooling from external loads

Energy reduction 9%

Energy reduction 50%

6.3

Operation costs (hardware, engines, pressurized air system, air extraction)

Air extraction system maintainance

6.4

Electricity demand pressurized air or air extraction

Air extraction additional fan power

6.5

Higher electricity demand for artificial lighting (from sun protection glazing)

No demand

comprehensive subtotal

Recommendation Drees&Sommer / DS-Plan

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5

SSF - BENCHMARK

Comments

Evaluation matrix facade types:

evaluation levels

CCF (closed cavity cacade) C-DSF (compact double skin) A-DSF (active double skin) SSF (single skin facade) B-SSF (benchmark single skin)

good fair, can be recommend poor, not recommend

Single Skin Facade interior sun protection blind

1

Long Term experience and system innovation

1.1

Degree of difficulty for chain of procurement and production in HCM, Vietnam

1.2

Innovation and USP for Ho Chi Minh real estate market

1.3

Long term system experience

Standard for HCM

comprehensive subtotal 2

Appearance and architecture

2.1

Outside appearance acc. to original glass architecture intention

Low transparency glass

2.2

Street context / light pollution effect

High reflective solar protection glass

comprehensive subtotal 3

Good work environment, comfort, IEQ

3.1

Noise protection of facade (with opening sash closed)

up to Rw=36dB

3.2

Natural ventilation through facade system (at nighttime)

With operable sash

3.3

Inside surface temperature

3.4

Daylighting of office and living spaces

3.5

View to outside / transparency with sun shading

Low visible light transmittance

comprehensive subtotal 4

Cleaning & maintainance

4.1

Cleaning effort of glass

4.2

Cleaning effort of sun shading system

4.3

Maintainance of facade and system parts

2 glass surfaces (1 in outdoor air)

System in indoor air

comprehensive subtotal 5

Sustainabilty / U-value / physical performance of facade

5.1

Sun protection capacity and U-value (W/m²K)

5.2

Durabilty / longevity sunshading system / glare protection

Ucw = ca. 2,0

comprehensive subtotal 6

Economic Feasability

6.1

Construction costs, investment costs facade (base facade element)

379 USD/m²

6.2

Lower energy demand for cooling from external loads

Energy reduction 0%

6.3

Operation costs (hardware, engines, pressurized air system, air extraction)

6.4

Electricity demand pressurized air or air extraction

6.5

Higher electricity demand for artificial lighting (from sun protection glazing)

No demand

comprehensive subtotal

Recommendation Drees&Sommer / DS-Plan

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ENERGY EVALUATION - COOLING date:

Facade Type Comparison

12.03.2014

project: Deutsches Haus HCM City

location:

Vietnam

1. GENERAL CONDITIONS 1.1 Climatic conditions Outside temperatur max Outside temperature mean Solar radiation max on W-facade Solar energy on W-facade total Room temperature design Cooling operation hours

input values [°C] [°C] [W/m²] [kWh/m²] [°C] [h]

1.2 Facade type

Facade area

35 30 for cooling operation hours / day 800 850 per yearly cooling period 26 1900 1

2

3

4

CCF

C-DSF

A-DSF

SSF

m²

5 Benchmark SSF

1

1

1

1

1

[-] [-] [-] [W/m²] [kWh/m²]

0,6 0,2 0,12 96 102

0,65 0,2 0,13 104 111

0,48 0,55 0,264 211 224

0,68 0,18 0,1224 98 104

0,35 0,85 0,2975 238 253

[W/m²K] [°C] [°C] [K] [K] [W/m²] [kWh/m²]

1,0 80 52 54 26 54 49

1,8 43 36 17 10 30,6 34

1,8 35 32 9 6 16,2 21

2,0 38 34 12 8 24 30

2,0 35 30 9 4 18 15

[W/m²] [kWh/m²]

150 151

135 145

227 245

122 134

256 268

2. HEAT TRANSFER FROM FACADE 2.1 Radiation g-value glazing Fc-value sunshading system g_total Heat gain by radiation

2 2 Transmission 2.2 Ucw_(inside layer for DSF) T_facade_outside_thermal layer_max T_facade_outside_thermal_layer_mean dT_max dT_mean Heat gain by transmission

2.3 Total Heat Gain /m² Facade 2.1 + 2.2 Cooling Energy demand from external loads

Cooling Energy Reduction from external loads

56%

54%

91%

50%

100%

44%

46%

9%

50%

0%

Facade Engineering Technical Design Report

Owner: Architect: Project management: M+E design: Structure design: Green Building:

Deutsches Haus Ho Chi Minh Stadt Limited gmp Mace WSP WSP ICE Vietnam

Facade:

Drees&Sommer Advanced Building Technologies Drees&Sommer Engineering, Shanghai (D&S)

Construction type:

Fully unitized element facade for standard floors Non unitized facade for ground floor and loggia recess

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Technical Design

A.

General

The purpose of this Technical Design Report is to describe the typical faรงade systems and to highlight their basic requirements. This document reflects the current stage of the design. It should be noted that the design is under review and development. The outcomes from this development will be reflected in the full performance specification and detail drawings to be issued in the tender stage.

Project picture by gmp international architects

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Technical Design

1.1

Project Description

The project 'Deutsches Haus Ho Chi Minh Stadt' from its bilateral project background constitutes a showcase of German design and engineering and a lighthouse project for quality standards and adequate energy efficiency with consideration of local climate, functionality. At the same time the development of the project is exposed to local market conditions and economic considerations for optimized value for money and efficient operation.

The architectural design by gmp international architects for realization of the project 'Deutsches Haus Ho Chi Minh Stadt' is designed with a fully glazed facade system with a glass surface as first exterior layer. No fixed or movable, horizontal or vertical sun shading devices in front of the outside glass surfaces are desired.

According to the architectural concept of the facade, sun shading is provided by adjustable louver blinds inside the cavity of a double skin facade with approx.

300mm total construction depth.

The facade cavity is constructed by an interior insulating glass unit (IGU) which represents the thermal envelope of the building and an exterior single glass pane which is merely a protection of the louver blind system from high wind speeds of a highrise construction.

Total building height 105,7m (+ 4m parapet) 1.1.1

Facade Types Type 100

Standard Double Skin Facade

14,084 m²

Type 200

Double height facade building vertical recess

1,647 m²

Type 300

Ground floor entrance and commercial facades 586 m²

Type 400

Metal panel cladding transition part

276 m²

Type 500

Roof parapet cantilever facade

885m²

Type 600

Recessed facade apartment to loggia

355 m²

Type 700

Loggia facade (open to outside air)

340 m²

Type 800

Rooftop plant area technical screen

55 m²

TOTAL facade area (calculation updated by gmp 2014-07-10):

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18,228 m²

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Technical Design

1.1.2

Facade Type Overview

Facade type index Â&#x2013; South-West elevation

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Facade type index Â&#x2013; South-East elevation

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Facade type index Â&#x2013; North-West elevation

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Facade type index Â&#x2013; North-East elevation

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Technical Design

1.2 Location and Climate The city has a tropical climate, specifically a tropical wet and dry climate, with an average humidity of 75%.

The year is divided into two distinct seasons. The rainy season, with an average rainfall of about 1,800 millimeters (71 in) annually (about 150 rainy days per year), usually begins in May and ends in late November. The dry season lasts from December to April. The average temperature is 28°C (82°F), the highest temperature sometimes reaches 39°C (102°F) around noon in late April, while the lowest may fall below 16°C (61 °F) in the early mornings of late December into early January.

(Source: Wikipedia)

1.2.1

Climatic Data Ho Chi Minh City (source: Drees&Sommer Meteonorm)

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Solar radiation total (per month depending on direction)

Solar radiation hourly values over one year depending on direction

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Solar radiation hourly values over one year depending on direction

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Technical Design

1.2.2

Solar loads and shading from surrounding buildings

A study about necessary thermal and daylighting facade performance of all different orientations of the project was performed in order to analyze the possibility of different facade types and facade performances towards different sides of the building.

The study was based on the site conditions with close neighboring high-rise buildings towards several directions of the project and the climatic and geographic conditions of Ho Chi Minh City.

Result: From the simulation study of energy levels on the different facade directions, no significant reduction of solar radiation over the course of one year at one facade direction can be derived from the models. This is mainly due to these factors: - The solar direction and incident of Ho Chi Minh City changes from the southern hemisphere to the northern hemisphere over the course of a year.

- Shading from adjacent buildings may lower the solar intake during some time of the year, however over the course of the entire year, every facade area needs to be able to perform at very similar levels of outdoor conditions for several months over the entire height of the building.

A low performing facade type with reduced solar shading capacity towards any direction will eventually lead to overheating of the rooms and a lower comfort level as well as higher energy consumption.

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<

Radiation level on facade: South-West

Radiation level on facade: North-East

Radiation level on facade: South-East Solar radiation levels yearly average in Wh/ sqm on different facade directions with consideration of shading from adjacent buildings

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Technical Design

2. Type 200:

Recess facade â&#x20AC;&#x201C; partially double floor height

2.1.

Construction description: Facade based on a fully unitized mullion-transom double skin facade system with highly transparent vision glazing, nominative total facade depth approx. 500mm.

Facade division at 1050mm (centres) horizontally and 4000mm (centres) vertically.

For installation of this facade type at double floor high spaces along the facade, the connection to the superstructure and load transfer of each facade element needs to be further clarified and developed with the building structure engineer.

2.2.

Nominative facade build up from outside to inside:

Same as type 100 except positions: P1 Exterior pressure capping flush with the laminated glass surface by milled recess at glass edge position or stepped triple laminated glass Mechanical fixing of glass pane on two vertical sides for fall protection, coating of pressure cap: stainless steel Allowance is made for lateral movements at the element joints P6 Interior thermal layer, primary mullion (split mullion), dimensions approx. 100mm x 125mm Thermally broken aluminium extrusion with channels to accommodate gaskets for waterproofing and air tightness Vertical element joint to make allowance for lateral movements between two facade elements The primary mullion is fixed by an adjustable bracket to a horizontal support beam between the superstructure columns (double floor height space) for transfer of vertical and horizontal loads.

2.3.

Preliminary physical values facade build up: See type 100 2.4.

Glass types: See type 100 2.5.

Sun protection devices See type 100

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System type 100: vertical section

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System type 100 Â&#x2013; partial elevation and horizontal section

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Project I nitiator D evelopment F inance O wner B uild O pperate T ransfer R ecycle

HANOI SA PA

DA NANG

HO CHI MINH CITY

Average Solar Radiation

Solar Radiation (W/m2)

Psychrometric Chart / Operation Period: 3026 h

18

19 Figl. 9: Solar Radiation on Facade and Flat Roof in Sa Pa

SOLAR RADIATION AND WIND Sa Pa has a higher direct than diffuse solar radiation. Due to the steep incident angle of the solar radiation on the south facade in summer, the tendency of overheating is the smallest on the south side. However, during winter the south facade has the highest solar radiation and gains.

These can be used for passive heating to warm the indoor air temperature. It is therefore advisable for large glazing areas to be oriented to the south. The north, east and west facade should be arranged more closed to minimize high solar gains in summer as well as thermal losses in winter.

Fig. 10: Wind Rose for Sa Pa

The main wind direction is north-south, with mainly wind speeds between 1-4 m/s. The maximum wind speed is between 6-7 m/s.

HANOI AN BINH RESORT 32

33

SA PA MOUNTAIN AREA SURROUNDED BY RICE TERRACES

10

11

source: http://samatravel.net/shared/images/MicroTravel/original/sapa-Sapa-1287414527.jpg

Operative Raumtemperatur während einer Augustwoche Operative Raumtemperatur während einer Augustwoche Operative Raumtemperatur während einer Augustwoche

36

32 32

32

28 28

28

24 24

24

20 20

20

16 16

16

12 12

12

8 8

8

4 4

4

0 05376 5376

Operative Operativetemperature temperature[°C] [°C]

Operative temperature [°C]

Operative Temperature (°C)

36 36

0 5376

5388 5388

5388

5400 5400

5400

5412

5412 5412 5424

5424 5424

5436 5448 5460 5472 5484 5496 5508 5520 5532 5436 5448 5460 5472 5484 5496 5508 5520 5532 hours of the year [h] hours of5460 the year [h] 5484 5496 5508 5520 5532 5436 5448 5472

hours of of thethe year (h)[h] hours year Tamp Tamp Tamp

Fig. 37: Climate concept illustration

58

Base_1: status quo Base_1: status quo

Operative Raumtemperatur während einer Februarwoche Version_2: best passive version passive + active version Base_1:Version_3: status quobest Operative Raumtemperatur während einer Februarwoche Version_2: best passive version Version_3: best passive + active version Operative Raumtemperatur während einer Februarwoche

Fig.version 38: Temperature curves of a summer week Version_3: best passive + active

Version_2: best passive version

Operative temperature [°C]

We fastly noticed, that passive measurements are not enough to ensure comfortable indoor conditions in a glass building in this climate zone. So we added active cooling, heating and dehumification. A thermal component activation in the floor is used to cool in summer and heat in winter. Natural ventilation is especially in spring and fall a good way to save energy.With these measurements a comfortable indoor climate and reasonable energy demand can be achieved.

In this climate zone, a comforrable indoor climate in a glass building can only be achieved with a large energy demand for heating, cooling and mechanical dehumidification. It is important to plan a suitable solar protection, appropriate glazing and as much thermal mass as possible.

Operative Temperature (°C)

SIMULATION RESULTS The first results showed that the lightweight building type as well as the climate resulted in very uncomfortable conditions inside.Due to the fully glazed building, a high amount of solar radiation comes into the building. Due to missing thermal mass, the indoor temperature increases very quickly. Additionally, the glazing surface temperature in combination with high air humidity can lead to condensation water. Therefore, the building can not use natural ventilation but must use mechanical ventilation and dehumidification.

We started with passive measurements: Firstly we located the building so that the surrounding buildings provide shade.

Then we double solar protection glazing with a g-value of 0.33. We also added outside shading systems on all sides.

32 28 24 20 16 12 8

Operative Operativetemperature temperature[°C] [°C]

36 36 36

32 32 28 28 24 24 20 20 16 16 12 12 8 8 4 4

4

0 0 840 0 840 840 852

852 852 864

864 864 876

876 876 888

888 888 900

900 912 924 936 900 912 924 936 hours of the year 912 924 936[h] 948 hours of the year [h] hours hoursofofthe theyear year(h) [h]

Tamp Tamp Tamp

Version_2: best passive version Version_2: best passive version Version_2: best passive version

948 948 960

960 960 972

972 972 984

984 984 996

996 1008 996 1008 1008

Base_1: status quo Base_1: status quo Base_1: status quo Version_3: best passive + active version Version_3: best passive + active version Version_3: best passive + active Fig. version 39: Temperature curves of a winter week

59

DA NANG 64

65

Operative Raumtemperatur während einer Augustwoche Operative Raumtemperatur während einer Augustwoche

Operative Operativetemperature temperature[°C] [°C]

Operative Temperature (°C)

36 36 32 32 28 28 24 24 20 20 16 16 12 12 8 8 4 4 0 05376 5376

5388 5388

5400 5400

5412 5412

5424 5424

5436 5448 5460 5472 5436 5448 5460 5472 hours of the year [h] hours of the year [h]

5484 5484

5496 5496

5508 5508

5520 5520

5532 5532

hours of the year (h) Tamp Tamp

Version_2: best passive version Version_2: best passive version

Fig. 31: Cimate concept illustration

Version_3: best passive + active version Version_3: best passive + active version

Fig. 32: Temperature curves of a summer week

SIMULATION RESULTS The charts on the previous page show the operative room temperature depending to the outside temperature. The red and blue lines mark the upper and under tolerance limits according to the European Code DIN EN 15251. The base case in figure 29 (grey) shows that there are many hours in which the temperature is too hot. This leads to a high cooling demand in summer. Also you can see that there are some hours in which the temperature is too cold. Different measurements were taken to improve the indoor climate and energy demand of the building.

First the glazing was lightly increased. This leads to more solar gains and higher indoor temperature in winter. In a second step insulation was installed on the ceiling and walls with a thickness of 0,04 m. This leads to a better thermal conductivity and reduce thermal wastes of the building. Finally a shading system, which is controlled by indoor temperature and solar radiation, was installed. Due to the shading system the high temperature were reduced.

These described measurements lead to the green temperatures (figure 29)..

At this point one has to define which standard of comfort one will reach for the building.

One the one hand there is the high standard according to the European style and codes an on the other hand there is a lower standard following with low energy demands.

Figure 30 shows the operative room temperature (green) by using an active heating and cooling system with dehumidification. In case of reaching high comfort standards, it is necessary to construct a close facade and to minimize the air change on a hygienic level. Obliviously heating, cooling and dehumidification lead to high energy demands.

Otherwise one can reach a satisfying comfort by using high air changes and wind flow inside the building. In this case the room temperature isn’t reduced but due to the wind flow persons will be satisfied. High air changes can be realized by big windows or fans.

Operative Operativetemperature temperature[°C] [°C]

36 36

Operative Temperature (°C)

54

Base_1: status quo

Base_1: status quo Operative Raumtemperatur Raumtemperatur während während einer Februarwoche Operative einer Februarwoche

32 32 28 28 24 24 20 20 16 16 12 12 8 8 4 4 0 0

840 840

852 852

864 864

876 876

888 888

900 912 924 936 900 912 924 936 hours of the year [h] hours of the year [h]

948 948

960 960

972 972

984 984

996 996

1008 1008

hours of the year (h) Tamp Tamp

Base_1: status quo Base_1: status quo

Version_2: best passive version Version_2: best passive version

Version_3: best passive + active version Version_3: best passive + active version

Fig. 33: Temperature curves of a winter week

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A big advantage is that the index in any climate, any time of year is valid. A small example: on November 23, 2015 in Cologne was measured 13 ° C, but there was only UTCI -1 ° C, because of the strong wind and a humidity of almost 75%.

Due to the hot humid climate in Da Nang, and within the park design, we have, with the help of UTCI, analyzes the comfort in the park. The default setting (Figure 1) shows that 54 % of the year, temperatures are sensed at 32 ° C.

Through the use of shading elements outdoors nobody feels more than 38 ° C, but still 33 % higher than 32 ° C.

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Next, the shading elements are to be curved, so as to convert the movement of air in a funnel effect. The result improves to 30 %.

The final step, the adiabatic cooling is designed to help improve the well-being outside of the park. This should be possible through small streams that cross the park. Through these measures, the uncomfortable felt temperatures can be reduced to 28 %.

As the hotel, the office is among of the two biggest building in the park. It consists of twelve floors with 50 persons each.

These persons generate internal loads, which heat up the rooms. Other internal loads include artifical lights or computers. Three facades of the building envelope are constructed in glass (the blue lines in floor plan; black one is concrete).

The major challenge for an acceptable room temperature is the heatgain caused by the solar radiation on the glass facade. There are 6.1 hours of sunshine each day. Because of the high solar radiation and the possible resulting glare, a daylight simulation is required.

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DA NANG KINDERGARTEN The kindergarten is designed as several interwoven ring-shaped buildings. It hosts 12 classrooms with each around 75m² beside the registry, a cafeteria and rooms for handicraft works and sports. Used between 8:00 am and 5:00 pm each classroom is used by around 25 kids. For the kids it is very important to get enough daylight. But a look at the application of energy shows, that it is very important to minimize the income of solar radiation as good as possible. A daylight simulation made it clear, that windows on both sides of the room bring a better evenness. The design from the architect provided vertical fixed shading elements. These elements could be realized in bamboo and should cover around 50% of the window area (see daylight simulation), to achieve perfect daylight for the kids and on the other hand minimize the energy income by solar radiation.

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VIETNAM HO CHI MINH CITY 93

Photography: Timmy Huynh

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Floor plan with the simulated area

Daylight HCMC Museum

DAYLIGHT_HCMC-MUSEUM The museum has a gross floor area of 1470 square meters and a medium height of 5,8 m. The greater of the two building parts is 470 square meters in size and the one that has been examined within a thermal simulation. Maximum 25 persons are assumed to be present the same time which cause internal loads of 75 W/m². Additionally 280 W equipment loads and 5 W/m² lightning loads are installed. The

supplied air volume per person amounts to 30 m³.

The sustainable museum is composed to teach children the effects of the global climate change, what causes the demands on the comfort not to be as strict as in an office or hotel. The internal operative temperature should not exceed 29 °C. Electricity is required and the humidity is reduced to be maximum 70 %.

Given demands of the museum

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3D model of the glasshouse

Daylight HCMC Glasshouse

GLASSHOUSE - CHILDREN‘S PLAYGROUND The glasshouse has a net floor area of 675m² and an averaged clear room height of 8,23m. As the highest personal occupancy 20 persons were assumed. What means in effect 3,5 W/m² internal loads. The ambient air is used as supply air without conditioning.

The glasshouse is a children’s playground with weather protection. Therefore the demands are not that tight. The room air temperature shouldn’t exceed the ambient air temperature. An important aim is to renounce systems engineering. demands of the glasshouse

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