Project report Project Name: Deutsches Haus HCM, Vietnam
P-Nr.: 080_00000
DRAFT
Shanghai, 14.03.2014
Deutsche Haus Ho Chi Minh Stadt, Vietnam Project report Nr. 1 Facade fact finding journey: Hong Kong, Beijing, Shanghai
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Seite 1
Project report Nr.1
Project: Deutsches Haus HCM, Vietnam
P-Nr.: 080_00000
DRAFT
PART A 1. Executive Summary
Owner: Architect: Project management: M+E design: Facade:
evaluation matrix
Deutsches Haus Ho Chi Min City (DH-HCM) gmp international (gmp) Mace WSP Drees&Sommer Engineering, Shanghai (D&S)
1.1 Project background The project 'Deutsches Haus Ho Chi Minh Stadt' from its bilateral project background constitutes a showcase of German design and engineering and a lighthouse project for quality standards and adequate energy efficiency with consideration of local climate, functionality. At the same time the development of the project is exposed to local market conditions and economic considerations for optimized value for money and efficient operation. The architectural design by gmp international architects for realization of the project 'Deutsches Haus Ho Chi Minh Stadt' is designed with a fully glazed facade system with a glass surface as first exterior layer. No fixed or movable, horizontal or vertical sun shading devices in front of the outside glass surfaces are wanted. According to the architectural concept of the facade, sun shading is provided by adjustable louver blinds inside the cavity of a double skin facade with approx. 250mm-300mm total construction depth. Although the feasabilty of the proposed system is generally plausible, some technical and functional details require clarification and design deepening during the next planning phases. Preliminary calculation of facade areas (by gmp): 1. office facades: 2. apartment facades: 3. glass gap: 4. roof parapet: 5. others:
11.958 sqm 2.498 sqm 2.188 sqm 839 sqm 318 sqm
TOTAL
17.800 sqm
1.2
Evaluation matrix
see inserted attachement
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1
CCF
2
C-DSF
Evaluation matrix facade types:
evaluation levels
CCF (closed cavity cacade) C-DSF (compact double skin) A-DSF (active double skin) SSF (single skin facade) B-SSF (benchmark single skin)
good fair, can be recommend poor, not recommend
Closed Cavity Facade
1 1.1
Double Skin Facade outwards ventilated
Long Term experience and system innovation Degree of difficulty for chain of procurement and production in HCM, Vietnam
1.2
Innovation and USP for Ho Chi Minh real estate market
Best facade worldwide
1.3
Long term system experience
Warranty by contractor necessary
Best facade in Vietnam
comprehensive subtotal 2
Appearance and architecture
2.1
Outside appearance acc. to original glass architecture intention
2.2
Street context / light pollution effect
Low reflection glass
Low reflection glass
comprehensive subtotal 3
Good work environment, comfort, IEQ
3.1
Noise protection of facade (with opening sash closed)
up to Rw=48 dB
up to Rw=42 dB
3.2
Natural ventilation through facade system (at nighttime)
Only with additional operable sash
Possible through facade
3.3
Inside surface temperature
Triple glazing
Over temperature in cavity
3.4
Daylighting of office and living spaces
Clear vision glass
Clear vision glass
3.5
View to outside / transparency with sun shading
2 glass surfaces (1 in outdoor air)
4 glass surfaces (3 in outdoor air)
Protected sun shading system
System in outdoor air
Ucw = ca.0,9
Ucw = ca.1,8
comprehensive subtotal 4
Cleaning & maintainance
4.1
Cleaning effort of glass
4.2
Cleaning effort of sun shading system
4.3
Maintainance of facade and system parts comprehensive subtotal
5
Sustainabilty / U-value / physical performance of facade
5.1
Sun protection capacity and U-value (W/m²K)
5.2
Durabilty / longevity sunshading system / glare protection comprehensive subtotal
6
Economic Feasability
6.1
Construction costs, investment costs facade (base facade element)
579 USD/m²
566 USD/m²
6.2
Lower energy demand for cooling from external loads
Energy reduction 44%
Energy reduction 46%
6.3
Operation costs (hardware, engines, pressurized air system, air extraction)
Pressurized air maintainance
Engines in outdoor air
6.4
Electricity demand pressurized air or air extraction
Low demand
No demand
6.5
Higher electricity demand for artificial lighting (from sun protection glazing) comprehensive subtotal
Recommendation Drees&Sommer / DS-Plan
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3
A-DSF
4
SSF
Evaluation matrix facade types:
evaluation levels
CCF (closed cavity cacade) C-DSF (compact double skin) A-DSF (active double skin) SSF (single skin facade) B-SSF (benchmark single skin)
good fair, can be recommend poor, not recommend
Active Double Skin Facade inwards ventilated
1
Single Skin Facade exterior metal roller blind
Long Term experience and system innovation
1.1
Degree of difficulty for chain of procurement and production in HCM, Vietnam
1.2
Innovation and USP for Ho Chi Minh real estate market
1.3
Long term system experience
No innovation
Best sun shading system in Vietnam
comprehensive subtotal 2
Appearance and architecture
2.1
Outside appearance acc. to original glass architecture intention
2.2
Street context / light pollution effect
Roller blind influences appearance Reflective solar protection glass
Low reflection glass
comprehensive subtotal 3
Good work environment, comfort, IEQ
3.1
Noise protection of facade (with opening sash closed)
up to Rw=40dB
up to Rw=36dB
3.2
Natural ventilation through facade system (at nighttime)
Only with additional operable sash
With operable sash
3.3
Inside surface temperature
Mechanical extraction necessary
3.4
Daylighting of office and living spaces
Small reduction of visible ligth
3.5
View to outside / transparency with sun shading
Small reduction of visible ligth Transparent sun protection system
comprehensive subtotal 4
Cleaning & maintainance
4.1
Cleaning effort of glass
4.2
Cleaning effort of sun shading system
4.3
Maintainance of facade and system parts
4 glass surfaces (3 in indoor air)
2 glass surfaces (1 in outdoor air)
Additional maintainance of airduct
System in outdoor air
Ucw = ca.1,7
Ucw = ca. 2,0
comprehensive subtotal 5
Sustainabilty / U-value / physical performance of facade
5.1
Sun protection capacity and U-value (W/m²K)
5.2
Durabilty / longevity sunshading system / glare protection comprehensive subtotal
6
Economic Feasability
6.1
Construction costs, investment costs facade (base facade element)
547 USD/m²
659 USD/m²
6.2
Lower energy demand for cooling from external loads
Energy reduction 9%
Energy reduction 50%
6.3
Operation costs (hardware, engines, pressurized air system, air extraction)
Air extraction system maintainance
6.4
Electricity demand pressurized air or air extraction
Air extraction additional fan power
6.5
Higher electricity demand for artificial lighting (from sun protection glazing)
No demand
comprehensive subtotal
Recommendation Drees&Sommer / DS-Plan
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5
SSF - BENCHMARK
Comments
Evaluation matrix facade types:
evaluation levels
CCF (closed cavity cacade) C-DSF (compact double skin) A-DSF (active double skin) SSF (single skin facade) B-SSF (benchmark single skin)
good fair, can be recommend poor, not recommend
Single Skin Facade interior sun protection blind
1
Long Term experience and system innovation
1.1
Degree of difficulty for chain of procurement and production in HCM, Vietnam
1.2
Innovation and USP for Ho Chi Minh real estate market
1.3
Long term system experience
Standard for HCM
comprehensive subtotal 2
Appearance and architecture
2.1
Outside appearance acc. to original glass architecture intention
Low transparency glass
2.2
Street context / light pollution effect
High reflective solar protection glass
comprehensive subtotal 3
Good work environment, comfort, IEQ
3.1
Noise protection of facade (with opening sash closed)
up to Rw=36dB
3.2
Natural ventilation through facade system (at nighttime)
With operable sash
3.3
Inside surface temperature
3.4
Daylighting of office and living spaces
3.5
View to outside / transparency with sun shading
Low visible light transmittance
comprehensive subtotal 4
Cleaning & maintainance
4.1
Cleaning effort of glass
4.2
Cleaning effort of sun shading system
4.3
Maintainance of facade and system parts
2 glass surfaces (1 in outdoor air)
System in indoor air
comprehensive subtotal 5
Sustainabilty / U-value / physical performance of facade
5.1
Sun protection capacity and U-value (W/m²K)
5.2
Durabilty / longevity sunshading system / glare protection
Ucw = ca. 2,0
comprehensive subtotal 6
Economic Feasability
6.1
Construction costs, investment costs facade (base facade element)
379 USD/m²
6.2
Lower energy demand for cooling from external loads
Energy reduction 0%
6.3
Operation costs (hardware, engines, pressurized air system, air extraction)
6.4
Electricity demand pressurized air or air extraction
6.5
Higher electricity demand for artificial lighting (from sun protection glazing)
No demand
comprehensive subtotal
Recommendation Drees&Sommer / DS-Plan
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ENERGY EVALUATION - COOLING date:
Facade Type Comparison
12.03.2014
project: Deutsches Haus HCM City
location:
Vietnam
1. GENERAL CONDITIONS 1.1 Climatic conditions Outside temperatur max Outside temperature mean Solar radiation max on W-facade Solar energy on W-facade total Room temperature design Cooling operation hours
input values [°C] [°C] [W/m²] [kWh/m²] [°C] [h]
1.2 Facade type
Facade area
35 30 for cooling operation hours / day 800 850 per yearly cooling period 26 1900 1
2
3
4
CCF
C-DSF
A-DSF
SSF
m²
5 Benchmark SSF
1
1
1
1
1
[-] [-] [-] [W/m²] [kWh/m²]
0,6 0,2 0,12 96 102
0,65 0,2 0,13 104 111
0,48 0,55 0,264 211 224
0,68 0,18 0,1224 98 104
0,35 0,85 0,2975 238 253
[W/m²K] [°C] [°C] [K] [K] [W/m²] [kWh/m²]
1,0 80 52 54 26 54 49
1,8 43 36 17 10 30,6 34
1,8 35 32 9 6 16,2 21
2,0 38 34 12 8 24 30
2,0 35 30 9 4 18 15
[W/m²] [kWh/m²]
150 151
135 145
227 245
122 134
256 268
2. HEAT TRANSFER FROM FACADE 2.1 Radiation g-value glazing Fc-value sunshading system g_total Heat gain by radiation
2 2 Transmission 2.2 Ucw_(inside layer for DSF) T_facade_outside_thermal layer_max T_facade_outside_thermal_layer_mean dT_max dT_mean Heat gain by transmission
2.3 Total Heat Gain /m² Facade 2.1 + 2.2 Cooling Energy demand from external loads
Cooling Energy Reduction from external loads
56%
54%
91%
50%
100%
44%
46%
9%
50%
0%
Facade Engineering Technical Design Report
Owner: Architect: Project management: M+E design: Structure design: Green Building:
Deutsches Haus Ho Chi Minh Stadt Limited gmp Mace WSP WSP ICE Vietnam
Facade:
Drees&Sommer Advanced Building Technologies Drees&Sommer Engineering, Shanghai (D&S)
Construction type:
Fully unitized element facade for standard floors Non unitized facade for ground floor and loggia recess
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Technical Design
A.
General
The purpose of this Technical Design Report is to describe the typical faรงade systems and to highlight their basic requirements. This document reflects the current stage of the design. It should be noted that the design is under review and development. The outcomes from this development will be reflected in the full performance specification and detail drawings to be issued in the tender stage.
Project picture by gmp international architects
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Technical Design
1.1
Project Description
The project 'Deutsches Haus Ho Chi Minh Stadt' from its bilateral project background constitutes a showcase of German design and engineering and a lighthouse project for quality standards and adequate energy efficiency with consideration of local climate, functionality. At the same time the development of the project is exposed to local market conditions and economic considerations for optimized value for money and efficient operation. The architectural design by gmp international architects for realization of the project 'Deutsches Haus Ho Chi Minh Stadt' is designed with a fully glazed facade system with a glass surface as first exterior layer. No fixed or movable, horizontal or vertical sun shading devices in front of the outside glass surfaces are desired. According to the architectural concept of the facade, sun shading is provided by adjustable louver blinds inside the cavity of a double skin facade with approx. 300mm total construction depth. The facade cavity is constructed by an interior insulating glass unit (IGU) which represents the thermal envelope of the building and an exterior single glass pane which is merely a protection of the louver blind system from high wind speeds of a highrise construction. Total building height 105,7m (+ 4m parapet) 1.1.1
Facade Types Type 100
Standard Double Skin Facade
14,084 m²
Type 200
Double height facade building vertical recess
1,647 m²
Type 300
Ground floor entrance and commercial facades 586 m²
Type 400
Metal panel cladding transition part
276 m²
Type 500
Roof parapet cantilever facade
885m²
Type 600
Recessed facade apartment to loggia
355 m²
Type 700
Loggia facade (open to outside air)
340 m²
Type 800
Rooftop plant area technical screen
55 m²
TOTAL facade area (calculation updated by gmp 2014-07-10):
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18,228 m²
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Technical Design
1.1.2
Facade Type Overview
Facade type index Â&#x2013; South-West elevation
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Facade type index Â&#x2013; South-East elevation
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Facade type index Â&#x2013; North-West elevation
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Facade type index Â&#x2013; North-East elevation
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Technical Design
1.2 Location and Climate The city has a tropical climate, specifically a tropical wet and dry climate, with an average humidity of 75%. The year is divided into two distinct seasons. The rainy season, with an average rainfall of about 1,800 millimeters (71 in) annually (about 150 rainy days per year), usually begins in May and ends in late November. The dry season lasts from December to April. The average temperature is 28°C (82°F), the highest temperature sometimes reaches 39°C (102°F) around noon in late April, while the lowest may fall below 16°C (61 °F) in the early mornings of late December into early January. (Source: Wikipedia)
1.2.1
Climatic Data Ho Chi Minh City (source: Drees&Sommer Meteonorm)
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Solar radiation total (per month depending on direction)
Solar radiation hourly values over one year depending on direction
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Solar radiation hourly values over one year depending on direction
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Technical Design
1.2.2
Solar loads and shading from surrounding buildings
A study about necessary thermal and daylighting facade performance of all different orientations of the project was performed in order to analyze the possibility of different facade types and facade performances towards different sides of the building. The study was based on the site conditions with close neighboring high-rise buildings towards several directions of the project and the climatic and geographic conditions of Ho Chi Minh City. Result: From the simulation study of energy levels on the different facade directions, no significant reduction of solar radiation over the course of one year at one facade direction can be derived from the models. This is mainly due to these factors: - The solar direction and incident of Ho Chi Minh City changes from the southern hemisphere to the northern hemisphere over the course of a year. - Shading from adjacent buildings may lower the solar intake during some time of the year, however over the course of the entire year, every facade area needs to be able to perform at very similar levels of outdoor conditions for several months over the entire height of the building. A low performing facade type with reduced solar shading capacity towards any direction will eventually lead to overheating of the rooms and a lower comfort level as well as higher energy consumption.
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Technical Design
<
Radiation level on facade: South-West
Radiation level on facade: North-East
Radiation level on facade: South-East Solar radiation levels yearly average in Wh/ sqm on different facade directions with consideration of shading from adjacent buildings
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Technical Design
2. Type 200:
Recess facade â&#x20AC;&#x201C; partially double floor height
2.1. Construction description: Facade based on a fully unitized mullion-transom double skin facade system with highly transparent vision glazing, nominative total facade depth approx. 500mm. Facade division at 1050mm (centres) horizontally and 4000mm (centres) vertically. For installation of this facade type at double floor high spaces along the facade, the connection to the superstructure and load transfer of each facade element needs to be further clarified and developed with the building structure engineer. 2.2.
Nominative facade build up from outside to inside:
Same as type 100 except positions: P1 Exterior pressure capping flush with the laminated glass surface by milled recess at glass edge position or stepped triple laminated glass Mechanical fixing of glass pane on two vertical sides for fall protection, coating of pressure cap: stainless steel Allowance is made for lateral movements at the element joints P6 Interior thermal layer, primary mullion (split mullion), dimensions approx. 100mm x 125mm Thermally broken aluminium extrusion with channels to accommodate gaskets for waterproofing and air tightness Vertical element joint to make allowance for lateral movements between two facade elements The primary mullion is fixed by an adjustable bracket to a horizontal support beam between the superstructure columns (double floor height space) for transfer of vertical and horizontal loads. 2.3. Preliminary physical values facade build up: See type 100 2.4. Glass types: See type 100 2.5. Sun protection devices See type 100
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System type 100: vertical section
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System type 100 Â&#x2013; partial elevation and horizontal section
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Project I nitiator D evelopment F inance O wner B uild O pperate T ransfer R ecycle
HANOI SA PA
DA NANG
HO CHI MINH CITY
Average Solar Radiation
Solar Radiation (W/m2)
Psychrometric Chart / Operation Period: 3026 h
18
19 Figl. 9: Solar Radiation on Facade and Flat Roof in Sa Pa
SOLAR RADIATION AND WIND Sa Pa has a higher direct than diffuse solar radiation. Due to the steep incident angle of the solar radiation on the south facade in summer, the tendency of overheating is the smallest on the south side. However, during winter the south facade has the highest solar radiation and gains.
These can be used for passive heating to warm the indoor air temperature. It is therefore advisable for large glazing areas to be oriented to the south. The north, east and west facade should be arranged more closed to minimize high solar gains in summer as well as thermal losses in winter.
Fig. 10: Wind Rose for Sa Pa
The main wind direction is north-south, with mainly wind speeds between 1-4 m/s. The maximum wind speed is between 6-7 m/s.
HANOI AN BINH RESORT 32
33
SA PA MOUNTAIN AREA SURROUNDED BY RICE TERRACES
10
11
source: http://samatravel.net/shared/images/MicroTravel/original/sapa-Sapa-1287414527.jpg
Operative Raumtemperatur während einer Augustwoche Operative Raumtemperatur während einer Augustwoche Operative Raumtemperatur während einer Augustwoche
36
32 32
32
28 28
28
24 24
24
20 20
20
16 16
16
12 12
12
8 8
8
4 4
4
0 05376 5376
Operative Operativetemperature temperature[°C] [°C]
Operative temperature [°C]
Operative Temperature (°C)
36 36
0 5376
5388 5388
5388
5400 5400
5400
5412
5412 5412 5424
5424 5424
5436 5448 5460 5472 5484 5496 5508 5520 5532 5436 5448 5460 5472 5484 5496 5508 5520 5532 hours of the year [h] hours of5460 the year [h] 5484 5496 5508 5520 5532 5436 5448 5472
hours of of thethe year (h)[h] hours year Tamp Tamp Tamp
Fig. 37: Climate concept illustration
58
Base_1: status quo Base_1: status quo
Operative Raumtemperatur während einer Februarwoche Version_2: best passive version passive + active version Base_1:Version_3: status quobest Operative Raumtemperatur während einer Februarwoche Version_2: best passive version Version_3: best passive + active version Operative Raumtemperatur während einer Februarwoche
Fig.version 38: Temperature curves of a summer week Version_3: best passive + active
Version_2: best passive version
Operative temperature [°C]
We fastly noticed, that passive measurements are not enough to ensure comfortable indoor conditions in a glass building in this climate zone. So we added active cooling, heating and dehumification. A thermal component activation in the floor is used to cool in summer and heat in winter. Natural ventilation is especially in spring and fall a good way to save energy.With these measurements a comfortable indoor climate and reasonable energy demand can be achieved. In this climate zone, a comforrable indoor climate in a glass building can only be achieved with a large energy demand for heating, cooling and mechanical dehumidification. It is important to plan a suitable solar protection, appropriate glazing and as much thermal mass as possible.
Operative Temperature (°C)
SIMULATION RESULTS The first results showed that the lightweight building type as well as the climate resulted in very uncomfortable conditions inside.Due to the fully glazed building, a high amount of solar radiation comes into the building. Due to missing thermal mass, the indoor temperature increases very quickly. Additionally, the glazing surface temperature in combination with high air humidity can lead to condensation water. Therefore, the building can not use natural ventilation but must use mechanical ventilation and dehumidification. We started with passive measurements: Firstly we located the building so that the surrounding buildings provide shade. Then we double solar protection glazing with a g-value of 0.33. We also added outside shading systems on all sides.
32 28 24 20 16 12 8
Operative Operativetemperature temperature[°C] [°C]
36 36 36
32 32 28 28 24 24 20 20 16 16 12 12 8 8 4 4
4
0 0 840 0 840 840 852
852 852 864
864 864 876
876 876 888
888 888 900
900 912 924 936 900 912 924 936 hours of the year 912 924 936[h] 948 hours of the year [h] hours hoursofofthe theyear year(h) [h]
Tamp Tamp Tamp
Version_2: best passive version Version_2: best passive version Version_2: best passive version
948 948 960
960 960 972
972 972 984
984 984 996
996 1008 996 1008 1008
Base_1: status quo Base_1: status quo Base_1: status quo Version_3: best passive + active version Version_3: best passive + active version Version_3: best passive + active Fig. version 39: Temperature curves of a winter week
59
DA NANG 64
65
Operative Raumtemperatur während einer Augustwoche Operative Raumtemperatur während einer Augustwoche
Operative Operativetemperature temperature[°C] [°C]
Operative Temperature (°C)
36 36 32 32 28 28 24 24 20 20 16 16 12 12 8 8 4 4 0 05376 5376
5388 5388
5400 5400
5412 5412
5424 5424
5436 5448 5460 5472 5436 5448 5460 5472 hours of the year [h] hours of the year [h]
5484 5484
5496 5496
5508 5508
5520 5520
5532 5532
hours of the year (h) Tamp Tamp
Version_2: best passive version Version_2: best passive version
Fig. 31: Cimate concept illustration
Version_3: best passive + active version Version_3: best passive + active version
Fig. 32: Temperature curves of a summer week
SIMULATION RESULTS The charts on the previous page show the operative room temperature depending to the outside temperature. The red and blue lines mark the upper and under tolerance limits according to the European Code DIN EN 15251. The base case in figure 29 (grey) shows that there are many hours in which the temperature is too hot. This leads to a high cooling demand in summer. Also you can see that there are some hours in which the temperature is too cold. Different measurements were taken to improve the indoor climate and energy demand of the building. First the glazing was lightly increased. This leads to more solar gains and higher indoor temperature in winter. In a second step insulation was installed on the ceiling and walls with a thickness of 0,04 m. This leads to a better thermal conductivity and reduce thermal wastes of the building. Finally a shading system, which is controlled by indoor temperature and solar radiation, was installed. Due to the shading system the high temperature were reduced.
These described measurements lead to the green temperatures (figure 29).. At this point one has to define which standard of comfort one will reach for the building. One the one hand there is the high standard according to the European style and codes an on the other hand there is a lower standard following with low energy demands. Figure 30 shows the operative room temperature (green) by using an active heating and cooling system with dehumidification. In case of reaching high comfort standards, it is necessary to construct a close facade and to minimize the air change on a hygienic level. Obliviously heating, cooling and dehumidification lead to high energy demands. Otherwise one can reach a satisfying comfort by using high air changes and wind flow inside the building. In this case the room temperature isn’t reduced but due to the wind flow persons will be satisfied. High air changes can be realized by big windows or fans.
Operative Operativetemperature temperature[°C] [°C]
36 36
Operative Temperature (°C)
54
Base_1: status quo
Base_1: status quo Operative Raumtemperatur Raumtemperatur während während einer Februarwoche Operative einer Februarwoche
32 32 28 28 24 24 20 20 16 16 12 12 8 8 4 4 0 0
840 840
852 852
864 864
876 876
888 888
900 912 924 936 900 912 924 936 hours of the year [h] hours of the year [h]
948 948
960 960
972 972
984 984
996 996
1008 1008
hours of the year (h) Tamp Tamp
Base_1: status quo Base_1: status quo
Version_2: best passive version Version_2: best passive version
Version_3: best passive + active version Version_3: best passive + active version
Fig. 33: Temperature curves of a winter week
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A big advantage is that the index in any climate, any time of year is valid. A small example: on November 23, 2015 in Cologne was measured 13 ° C, but there was only UTCI -1 ° C, because of the strong wind and a humidity of almost 75%. Due to the hot humid climate in Da Nang, and within the park design, we have, with the help of UTCI, analyzes the comfort in the park. The default setting (Figure 1) shows that 54 % of the year, temperatures are sensed at 32 ° C.
Through the use of shading elements outdoors nobody feels more than 38 ° C, but still 33 % higher than 32 ° C.
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Next, the shading elements are to be curved, so as to convert the movement of air in a funnel effect. The result improves to 30 %.
The final step, the adiabatic cooling is designed to help improve the well-being outside of the park. This should be possible through small streams that cross the park. Through these measures, the uncomfortable felt temperatures can be reduced to 28 %.
As the hotel, the office is among of the two biggest building in the park. It consists of twelve floors with 50 persons each. These persons generate internal loads, which heat up the rooms. Other internal loads include artifical lights or computers. Three facades of the building envelope are constructed in glass (the blue lines in floor plan; black one is concrete). The major challenge for an acceptable room temperature is the heatgain caused by the solar radiation on the glass facade. There are 6.1 hours of sunshine each day. Because of the high solar radiation and the possible resulting glare, a daylight simulation is required.
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DA NANG KINDERGARTEN The kindergarten is designed as several interwoven ring-shaped buildings. It hosts 12 classrooms with each around 75m² beside the registry, a cafeteria and rooms for handicraft works and sports. Used between 8:00 am and 5:00 pm each classroom is used by around 25 kids. For the kids it is very important to get enough daylight. But a look at the application of energy shows, that it is very important to minimize the income of solar radiation as good as possible. A daylight simulation made it clear, that windows on both sides of the room bring a better evenness. The design from the architect provided vertical fixed shading elements. These elements could be realized in bamboo and should cover around 50% of the window area (see daylight simulation), to achieve perfect daylight for the kids and on the other hand minimize the energy income by solar radiation.
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VIETNAM HO CHI MINH CITY 93
Photography: Timmy Huynh
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Floor plan with the simulated area
Daylight HCMC Museum
DAYLIGHT_HCMC-MUSEUM The museum has a gross floor area of 1470 square meters and a medium height of 5,8 m. The greater of the two building parts is 470 square meters in size and the one that has been examined within a thermal simulation. Maximum 25 persons are assumed to be present the same time which cause internal loads of 75 W/m². Additionally 280 W equipment loads and 5 W/m² lightning loads are installed. The
supplied air volume per person amounts to 30 m³. The sustainable museum is composed to teach children the effects of the global climate change, what causes the demands on the comfort not to be as strict as in an office or hotel. The internal operative temperature should not exceed 29 °C. Electricity is required and the humidity is reduced to be maximum 70 %. Given demands of the museum
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3D model of the glasshouse
Daylight HCMC Glasshouse
GLASSHOUSE - CHILDREN‘S PLAYGROUND The glasshouse has a net floor area of 675m² and an averaged clear room height of 8,23m. As the highest personal occupancy 20 persons were assumed. What means in effect 3,5 W/m² internal loads. The ambient air is used as supply air without conditioning.
The glasshouse is a children’s playground with weather protection. Therefore the demands are not that tight. The room air temperature shouldn’t exceed the ambient air temperature. An important aim is to renounce systems engineering. demands of the glasshouse
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