ARC761 Technology report .pdf by Joel Wallace Erabu

TECHNOLOGY REPORT BODY

ARC761

ARTS UNIVERSITY BOURNEMOUTH

Introduction

1-3

Project background Individual roles Technology aims

Technology Report

CONTENTS

5-31

Introduction Bamboo Studies Bamboo & Wood Comparison Vacuum Folding Joint Wooden Prototype joint 1-1 Prototype Interlocking Joint 1 Interlocking Joint 2 Exhibition Joint Exhibition Rehearsal Exhibition Reflection Future explorations

Sustainability

33-37

Introduction Timber transportation Waste management

Health and Safety

39-41

Introduction Relation to body

Reflective Comments

Conclusion

INTRODUCTION

‘Island’ – The British Pavilion

Project brief

For the 2018 Venice Architecture Biennale, ‘Island’ was selected as the winning proposal for the British Pavilion. Caruso St John Architects and artist Marcus Taylor responded to the given theme of ‘Freespace’, by constructing a public gathering space on the roof of the Pavilion. This involved covering the building with scaffolding, to support an elevated piazza for people to meet or relax amongst the tree-tops, with views out to the open sky and across the lagoon. .

Collaborating with MA Fine Art to create a workshop within the British Pavilion.

Throughout the Biennale, the British Pavilion hosted a programme of events, performances, installations and debates which responded to the theme of Freespace and ideas raised by Island. With the exception of these performances, the building was left empty, abandoned and untouched. It is within this context that the AUB Island project was hosted within the British Pavilion.

• Provide a ‘frame’ for the fine artists’ work • Incorporate work of BA Yr3 & MArch 2 • Encourage public interaction & engagement • Allow mutability of the intervention • Acquire & transport materials to Venice • Erect & dismantle structure within 1 hour

TECHNOLOGY AIMS Technical designers and co-ordinators: Jack Cooper, Liam Bailey and James Kilhams Analysis of junctions and joints explored throughout each stage of the process of the structural frame development for the Biennale. Exploration into materiality and understanding the critical importance of constraints to the project through the use of a project management triangle to demonstrate critical evaluation of the decision making and construction methods. Due to the briefs constraints the critical aspects of concern will be the time and costs throughout the project while trying to maintain the highest level of quality.

TECHNOLOGY REPORT

INTRODUCTION. This document covers assessment component LO4 and LO5 and demonstrates the design iterations at each stage of the joint development. The vigorous process showcases the trials and testing at each stage up until the final design used at the Biennale. The document draws influence from precedent studies at the relevant stages to aid design and reflects on critical aspects of design restraints: Time, cost and quality. It is apparent throughout the report that close communication with the other design team was done to catalyse the success the of the final joint. Stage 7 also presents a future joint possibility if their were no restraints.

ANALYSIS

STAGE 1: BAMBOO STUDIES

Time 100mm FIGURE OF 8 LASHING TECHNIQUE Time to tie: Anna: 1.08 seconds Alex: 1.04 Adam: 0.59 Cost

Figure of 8 tying technique

Quality

Time Management

180mm 1.2

SQUARE LASHING TECHNIQUE Time to tie:

0.9

0.6

Anna: 1.02

M.A.P Pavilion , 2015, Impromptu Projects. Traditional construction techniques were examined to understand the characteristics of the bamboo and how junctions can be tied. These examples show various methods in tying junctions and can be used to experiment with the bamboo to create strong, structural junctions in different ways. The raw material naturally has nots, meaning that there isnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t universality in the Bamboo, which is something that will need to be considered when tying pieces together; ensuring correct pieces fit together well, to create a better knot.

0 1 . 10 .2 0 1 8

0.3

Alex: 1.08 Adam: 1.20

Manufacturing time (minutes)

Assembly time (minutes)

COMMENTS The tying techniques focused on cost and speed. However through investigation each tying method was timely and would limit the amount we would be able to achieve within the 60 minutes. This would therefore restrict our design ambition. Additionally the material provided no consistency and lacked quality.

Pros Lightweight Simple construction method No additional equiptment required

Cons Time consuming Less orderly Not universal application

Pros One sheet material Ties in with folding theme Quick on- site assembly

Cons Lacked structural integrity Not applicable for 3 directional joints Lots of waste produced Time consuming to produce

Pros

Cons

BAMBOO AND TIMBER COMPARISON

Material Selection Graph

Neatnesss Control over accuracy Consistancy of material Skill set required to assemble

Travis Perkins were selected as our timber manufacturer primarily because of the timber sizes that they-could provide for us which was supported by the technology department at the University who uses Travis Perkins as their main timber provider. Other supporting reasons included:

Time to assemble Ease of manufacture

This symbol indicates the mark of responsible forestry where 97% of timber that is bought is certified and well managed.

- Distance from the University - Quality of the material - Good sustainable timber source

Manufacturing speed

Travis Perkins are one of the UKâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s leading timber sources and have the following credentials:

Transport Cost Poor

Timber

Good

Bamboo

Excellent

- Well managed timber certification - Forest stewardship council (FSC) - Programme for the endorsement of forest certification (PEFC) - Timber Full chain of custody (COC) certification

Travis Perkins also score 3 trees in WWF scorecard.

All Travis Perkins are also part of the grown in Birtain initiative- which focuses on a percentage of timber being sourced from British forests.

Between stage 1 and 2 as a group we started to question bamboo as a material and started to consider timber as a more universal and consistent material. The graph above shows the two compared as a matter of strengths and weaknesses to justify our choice.

0 1 . 10 .2 0 1 8 8

ANALYSIS

STAGE 2: VACUUM FOLDING JOINTS

Time

Cost

Quality

Time Management 5

3.75

2.5

1.25

Michelangelo Pistoletto + Cittadellarte , 2003, Antwerp.

The cultural association Love Difference , Artistic Movement for an Inter Mediterranean Policy, is created , which aims to activate a cooperation network between institutions, artists, architects and researchers of the individual countries. Italian Painter Michalangelo Pistoletto Cittadellarte Biella hosted an exhibition from this which Aims to recreate the bodyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s cells by splitting up into rooms. Cells split into categories such as society/ politics/ economy/ communication/ work/ production/ religion- all inside his exhibition the Ciltadellarte. Rooms connect with a door- leading from one category into the next and does this through the use of a simple timber frame is used with metal slot joints. The timber is left untreated creating a light feeling for visitors as they walk

through the space, juxtaposing this to the darker joints. For the Venice Bienalle experiments into colour difference between frame and joints should be done to gain a greater understanding of its construction. Also the used of the frame door way could be explored further to create interesting architectural moments for visitors as they transition from one area of the Bienalle to the next.

08.10.2018 10

Manufacturing time (minutes)

COMMENTS

Assembly time (minutes)

Plastic was examined as a material focusing on efficiency on mass producing the junctions. Limitations occurred when creating three directional junctions as the nature of the material would not allow Cons for this type of junction. Additionally Pros itLightweight produced a large amount of waste and the overall quality was reduced. Time consuming Simple construction method No additional equiptment required

Less orderly Not universal application

Pros One sheet material Ties in with folding theme Quick on- site assembly

Cons Lacked structural integrity Not applicable for 3 directional joints Lots of waste produced Time consuming to produce

Pros Flat packable Strong Moderate site build (2 people) Minimal waste Cheap to mass produce Quick accurate manufacturing (machine)

Cons Needed to be neater Components separate under stress Hand held in position to construct Requires lots of screws

ANALYSIS

STAGE 3: WOODEN PROTOTYPE JOINT

Time

Three point fixing x 10 screws

Cost

Three point fixing

Quality

Chart Title Time Management 10

7.5

2.5

Four point fixing x 8 screws Four point fixing

Straight fixing Straight connection fixing 10 . 1 0 . 2 0 1 8 12

Pros Lightweight 0 Manufacturing time (minutes) Simple construction method No additional equiptment required

Cons Time consuming Assembly time (minutes) Less orderly Not universal application

COMMENTS

This stage focused on creating a more universal fixing by making identical components as single planes which createCons individual junctions. However Pros human error became an issue as the junction needed physically One sheet material Lacked structural integrity holding in place, increased Ties in which with folding theme the chance of injury. Not applicable for 3 directional joints Quick on- site assembly

Lots of waste produced Time consuming to produce

Pros Flat packable Strong Moderate site build (2 people) Minimal waste Cheap to mass produce Quick accurate manufacturing (machine)

Cons Needed to be neater Components separate under stress Hand held in position to construct Requires lots of screws

Pros Strong Less lateral movement

Cons Requires lots of screws Less streamline- more bulky

x 4 screws

STAGE 3: 1-1 PROTOTYPE

10 . 1 0 . 2 0 1 8 14

ANALYSIS

STAGE 4: INTERLOCKING JOINT 1

Time

Corner junction fixing x 4 screws

Cost

Three point fixing

Title TimeChart Management

Pros Lightweight 1.5 construction method Simple No additional equiptment required

Quality

Cons Time consuming Less orderly Not universal application

Pros 0.5 sheet material One Ties in with folding theme Quick 0 on- site assembly

Tenon , 2010, Yota Kakuda. Mortise and Tenon joints: A study into Mortise and Tenon joints focused designing on improving the quality and strength of the joint. At this stage the focus was making easier built, easier handled joints to save time for erection on site. Therefore, this type of â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;cut and slotâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; joint can speed the time up for a user on site as the joint will be pre-made. This could be used as a way of making the angles more accurate and easier to build.

Manufacturing time (minutes)

COMMENTS

Four way fixing

Pros Cons This stage focused on creating an interlocking junction Flat packable Needed to be neater which increased strength error. This was achieved through Strong and reduced the element of human Components separate under stress the junction creating the correct angle instead of being held in position Moderate site build (2 people) Hand held in position to construct by a person. Minimal waste Requires lots of screws Cheap to mass produce Quick accurate manufacturing (machine)

T junction fixing x 4 screws 15.10.2018

Cons Lacked structural integrity Not applicable for 3 directional joints Lots of waste produced Assembly time (minutes) Time consuming to produce

Pros Strong Less lateral movement

Cons Requires lots of screws Less streamline- more bulky

Pros Prefabricated interlocking joints Less Screws Female/ Male parts for easily assembly Strong joints Easy site build for 1 person Minimal waste Cheap Quick to manufacture with accuracy

Cons Tolerances to small

STAGE 5: INTERLOCKING JOINT 2

90 degree sandwich fixing x8

Base fixing

Three point fixing x2

x 10

4 point fixing x8

Straight connection fixing x4

90 degree fixing x4

15.10.2018 18

ANALYSIS Time

Pros Lightweight Cost method Simple construction No additional equiptment required

Cons Time consuming Quality Less orderly Not universal application

TimeChart Management Title

1.4

Pros One sheet material 1.05 Ties in with folding theme Quick on- site assembly

Cons Lacked structural integrity Not applicable for 3 directional joints Lots of waste produced Time consuming to produce

0.7

0.35

Pros Cons Flat packable Needed to be neater 0 Strong Components separate under stress Manufacturing time (minutes) Assembly time (minutes) Moderate site build (2 people) Hand held in position to construct Minimal waste Requires lots of screws Cheap to mass produce This stage continued the interlocking system approach but aimed at reducing Quick accurate manufacturing (machine)

COMMENTS

the bulkiness from the previous stage as it was recognised that increasing the size didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t increase the strength. Treating the timber identified that the tolerances were to small and didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t consider paint thickness.

Laser cutting

Painting

Swelling

Pros Strong Less lateral movement

Cons Requires lots of screws Less streamline- more bulky

Pros Prefabricated interlocking joints Less Screws Female/ Male parts for easily assembly Strong joints Easy site build for 1 person Minimal waste Cheap Quick to manufacture with accuracy

Cons Tolerances to small

Pros Less screws (less time on site)

Cons

15.10.2018 20

ANALYSIS

STAGE 6: EXHIBITION JOINTS

Time

Pros Lightweight Cost method Simple construction No additional equiptment required 1.4

Cons Time consuming Quality Less orderly Not universal application Title

Chart Time Management

Pros One 1.05 sheet material Ties in with folding theme Quick on- site assembly

Cons Lacked structural integrity Not applicable for 3 directional joints Lots of waste produced Time consuming to produce

0.7

0.35 Pros Cons Flat packable Needed to be neater Strong Components separate under stress 0 Moderate siteManufacturing build (2 people) Hand held in position to construct time (minutes) Assembly time (minutes) Minimal waste Requires lots of screws Cheap to mass produce This stage focused on the treatment methods of the joints. Learning from the Quick accurate manufacturing (machine)

COMMENTS

previous stage the joints were now interlocked before painting to ensure that the tolerance of the slots allowed for painting. By adding the paint this way it also increased the strength, however once used, re-painting would have to Pros Cons be done to ensure that the quality is not lost. Strong Less lateral movement

Laser cutting

Slotting

Painting

20. 10. 2018 22

Pros Prefabricated interlocking joints Less Screws Female/ Male parts for easily assembly Strong joints Easy site build for 1 person Minimal waste Cheap Quick to manufacture with accuracy

Pros Less screws (less time on site)

Requires lots of screws Less streamline- more bulky

Cons

High level ofto maintenance Tolerances small Heavily reliant on fixings

Cons

STAGE 6: EXHIBITION REHEARSALS

ROOM 0

ROOM 1

ROOM 2

ROOM 3

ROOM 4

ROOM 5

20. 10. 2018 24

STAGE 6: EXHIBITION REFLECTION

Through the dismantling of the workshop it became apparent that the screws damaged the MDF joints and therefore means a large majority of the pieces couldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t be reused in the future. To prevent this, the use of wooden dowels could have been used for the creation of the workshop allowing assembly to be quicker but also allow the dismantling of the workshop to be less destructive. 20. 10. 2018 26

ANALYSIS

STAGE 7: FUTURE EXPLORATIONS

Time

Pros Lightweight Simple construction method Cost No additional equiptment required

Cons Time consuming Less orderly Quality Not universal application

TimeChart Management Title

Pros One sheet material Ties 12 in with folding theme Quick on- site assembly

Cons Lacked structural integrity Not applicable for 3 directional joints Lots of waste produced Time consuming to produce

Pros 4 Cons Flat packable Needed to be neater Strong Components separate under stress 0 Moderate site build (2 people)time (hours) Hand held in position construct Manufacturing Assembly time to (minutes) Minimal waste Requires lots of screws Cheap to mass produce This stage aimed at completely removing all screws to the joints. By 3D printing it Quick accurate manufacturing (machine) produced a very strong joint, however it took 15 hours to produce which is not efficient when comparing to other methods of creating joints were better. Also, by wrapping the timber sections with the 3D plastic, it means that the frame is raised by 6mm. SomePros Cons thing which we can try and avoid. Strong Requires lots of screws Less lateral movement Less streamline- more bulky

Design 3.0 Hybrid Production XXI T , 2016, Design Libero.

COMMENTS

Design 3.0 have produced a production of furniture and projects using a process consisting of 3D printed joints. Every object becomes easily assembled. On reflection the exhibition joints erection time could have been improved through the use of a 3D printed joint; linking to the idea of removing all screw fixings to hold the frame together. Additionally maintenance of the exhibition joints would require continuous monitoring to ensure they are not damaged. A 3D printed joint would allow us to speed up the erection time and maintenance would be reduced.

31. 10. 2018 28

Pros Prefabricated interlocking joints Less Screws Female/ Male parts for easily assembly Strong joints Easy site build for 1 person Minimal waste Cheap Quick to manufacture with accuracy

Cons Tolerances to small

Pros No screws require Cheap to make

Cons Timely to make Bulky design

ANALYSIS

STAGE 7: FUTURE EXPLORATIONS

Time Pros Lightweight Simple construction method No additional equiptment required

Cons Time consuming Less orderly Not universal application

Pros One sheet material Ties in with folding theme Quick on- site assembly

Cons Lacked structural integrity Not applicable for 3 directional joints Lots of waste produced Time consuming to produce

Pros Cost Flat packable Strong Moderate site build (2 people) 4 Minimal waste Cheap to mass produce 3 Quick accurate manufacturing (machine)

Cons Quality Needed to be neater Components separate under stress Hand held in position to construct Requires lots of screws

Title TimeChart Management

Pros Strong 1 Less lateral movement

Cons Requires lots of screws Less streamline- more bulky

Manufacturing time (hours) Pros Cons Assembly time (minutes) Prefabricated interlocking joints Tolerances to small Less Screws This joint sped up the time significantly from the last stage. By 3D printing there is no Female/ parts easily assembly need for Male screws andforthe strengths maintained. The design is elegant and any choice Strong joints of colour could be selected. However, for this to work- the time saved on printing the Easyissite build for 1 again personin cutting the timber so that it fits well in the slots of the joint. joint then gained Minimal A future waste joint would look at a combination of both future developments. Cheap Quick to manufacture with accuracy

COMMENTS

Pros No screws require Cheap to make Quick colour options Strong 1 person can make on site Minimal waste Universal

Cons Timely to make Bulky design Elevates the whole frame

31. 10. 2018 31

SUSTAINABILITY

INTRODUCTION. This section of the technology report focuses on the sustainability aspect of the joint development. The document presents which timber merchant was selected and why, the timbers journey to and from Venice and the waste generated at each stage of the report. Sustainable design is good practice for a young architect to consider when designing with wider aspects such as global warming and climate change at the forefront of socio-political issues. The design inside the Biennale aims to reflect issues directly affecting Brtain and create a discussion around them; therefore the sustainability element of the design is key to demonstrate how the workshop responded to these issues.

TIMBER TRANSPORTATION

Travis Perkins to AUB 34

Westbourne to AUB

AUB to Westbourne

Gatwick to Westbourne

Westbourne to Gatwick

Marco Polo to Gatwick

Gatwick to Marco Polo

Giudecca to Marco Polo

Marco Polo to Giudecca

Giardini to the Giudecca

Giudecca to the Giardini 35

MATERIAL % USED STAGE 1

ESTIMATED WASTE % GENERATED STAGE 2

STAGE 3

STAGE 4

STAGE 5

STAGE 6

STAGE 5

STAGE 7 FUTURE JOINT

STAGE 7

10%

20%

ESTIMATED WASTE % CHART Estimated Waste Percentage chart

30%

MDF

50%

Material

50%

70%

Plastic

Waste Total material

80% 90%

98%

100%

98%

Bamboo

PLASTIC.

BAMBOO.

MDF- PAINTED BLACK.

MDF- LARGER NOT PAINTED.

MDF- PAINTED WHITE.

MDF- FINAL. PAINTED WHITE.

FUTURE JOINT 0

TIME

100

Percentage

TIME

Study into the waste produced through material exploration at each stage. The chart can be used along side the material waste breakdown opposite to solidifying the decision to use timber sections over the other materials tested. The graph above indicates the overall waste per material choice. WASTE% LINE GRAPH AT EACH STAGE COST

QUALITY

COST

QUALITY COST

QUALITY

COST

QUALITY COST

Waste line graph per stage

QUALITY

COST

QUALITY

ANALYSIS: Bamboo produced limited waste as we did not cut it, therefore the only waste generated was from the selected tubes that had natural defect not suitable for use.

IMPROVEMENT Further testing could have been done to push the materials capabilities and understand different methods of construction which could have improved the quality of the construction.

ANALYSIS: Plastic produced a lot of waste due to the nature of the material. To generate good joints only single sheets of plastic could be used per joint. The plastic then needed to be cut and then cannot be re-used for making further joints resulting in the lack of quality. The process was also timely and wasteful for ÂŁ/ mm

IMPROVEMENT Experimentation into how the waste could have been re-used to strengthen the joint at a later stage could have been done. Further development of the moulds used could have pushed plastic further.

ANALYSIS:

The production of these joints were highly affective producing limited waste. But human error when treating the timber led to the joints needing to be remade and lots of waste was produced. Both with paint that was used and the joints that were made but never taken any further.

These joints produced limited waste and were ultimately taken to the Bienalle. The method in which they were painted led ultimately to the lack of waste (can be seen on pages).

By using a 3D printing method instead of laser cutting we produce minimal waste. The only waste produced is through printing structural supports when manufacturing the joints. The first iteration produced no waste as it was a solid form. The second iteration produced small waste in supporting the back column

Experimental stage of MDF there was a small amount of waste, but the production method as timely. Hand cutting the MDF lead to human error and a lack of unity between the joints. It was very wasteful with time and a better method of producing the joints should have been done.

Larger MDF Boards allowed for limited waste. Large Junctions meant that more material to be used per board however it did mean that there were more boards being used- which if pushed further could have generated more waste in the long term.

IMPROVEMENT

The waste in this stage was mainly produced by the inaccuracies in the human production method and the time in which it took to create these joints. A template system would of been a greater way of making more accurate joints.

Better exploration of the lazer cut template could have allowed for a better configuration of the pieces being cut and therefore less waste.

Tolerances could have been explored further to allow for the paint. Methods of painting could have been pushed and possibly looking into the cost of pre-painted white MDF boards.

Explore the available material market further in relation to the budget could have been done to understand if a white MDF board exists rather than painting. By doing so we may have saved money perhaps wasted earlier on painting the first joints that were ultimately superseded.

50 40

Above highlights the waste produced at stage 5 when a lack of communication occurred when treating the timber as the tolerances where minimal. Most junctions where unusable as a result of painting the individual joint components. This informed a new painting method in stage 6 that avoiding and creating a large amount of waste such as this at stage 5.

30 20 10 0 Bamboo

Plastic

Stage 1

Stage 2

MDF- Painted MDF- Larger MDF- Painted black not painted white Stage 3

Stage 4

Stage 5

MDF- Final paint Stage 6

The line graph indicates the percentage of waste generated at each stage in a linear fashion. This can be used to identify that during the making process waste was fluctuating but was always a concern throughout the designing. It also indicates how the limited waste that was produced in stage 1 was again achieved at the end of stage 6.

HEALTH AND SAFETY

INTRODUCTION. This section of the technology report looks into the Health and Safety aspects of the project in particular relationship to the body, looking at the decisions that were made throughout the process in order to create a safer assembly or transportation. Throughout the design process there were critical considerations to be thought about in regard to the limitations of the brief and aspects such as peoples ability to assemble the exhibition without the use of ladders or elevated platforms and reduce the risks of injury by simplifying the assembly process on site that also results in a more efficient assembly process.

RISK ASSESSMENT

HEALTH AND SAFETY IN RELATION TO BODY

PREDICTED HAZARDS Risk Assessment

Use of hand tools: check equipment before using.

Working at height: use adequate footstools and ladders. Maintain three points of contact at all times. Ensure ladders etc are secure. Do not overreach. Wear PPE wherever appropriate. No lone working.

The decision to make the joints with a cut and slot allowed to make the assembly less fiddly, making sure one person could work on one joint at a time without the need for another person holding it in place whilst another screwed it together, that jeopardised light quality, increased risk of injury and resulted in a longer assembly time, now one person could get on with one thing whilst the other assembles the joint on their own.

Slips, Trips and Falls: students and staff must keep floors and access/ fire exits clear. Be aware of the public walking around. Rooms 3, 4 and 5 have elements that rest on the floor- in these rooms there will always be a person present to advise the public. Installation/ Manual Handling: Students and staff must adhere to manual handling safety protocols. 2 persons must carry all heavy loads. Appropriate footwear to be warn.

Outside recommended optimum working area (the architects pocket book) but within a reasonable working height without causing discomfort or inability to stand balanced and safetly, just above shoulder height for the average male of 1.76m, meaning the use of ladder or elevated platform isnt required whilst also allowing visitors to safetly walk beneath any elevated structures that are created, mimicking the UK standard threshold of 2.1m.

ACTUAL HAZARDS 1

Narrow walkway formed due to the unforeseen position of the artist work.

Trip Harzard. Timber section that ran along the floor caused many people to trip up over it.

REFLECTIVE ANALYSIS: The necessary precautions were taken to ensure that the predicted hazards were controlled and prevented. Unexpectedly, a position change on the workshop day meant that an unforeseen hazard (1) occurred. Again this was overcome through careful monitoring of peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s movement to ensure no damage came to the work on the floor or people squeezing through the space. A design decision of using timber section again led to another Hazard (2)- one which was not predicted before leaving for Venice. On the day, members of the team were consistently re-positioning the timber once it had been kicked out of position. This could have been prevented simply through a sign letting people know there was a potential trip hazard. However, credit to the junctions as they withstood these forces and remained in tact for the duration of the day. 40

Beckett&Co solicitors (2019) Safe lifting weights, [Available from] https://www.beckettandco.co.uk/manual-handling-faq-weight/ [Accessed 21/11/2018]

Under the 10kg HSE maximum weight for carrying on shoulder when the load is split between four males and split into two loads allowing it to be safetly carried through Venice with consideration to the limitations of the body. 1.

JACK

LIAM

JAMES

One continuously monitored waste, as it acknowledged areas that required improvement. Between stage 5 and 6, the MDF junctions were developed for final use. However, a break-down in communication between the technical team and other team members resulted in costly amounts of waste and junctions needing remaking. The pressured nature of the project led to the joints being manufactured quickly and lots of design changes happened fast. Therefore, at this stage one did not make clear to the team that for structural improvement the tolerances were minimal. Meaning when treated by hand, they needed to be done with care. This was ones most significant mistake throughout the designing process as it was costly in terms of time, budget and quality all things one aimed to avoid. Since the Biennale, a new joint has been in production focusing on minimising screws further which helps to tackle speed and quality not taking into consideration budget. The joint follows the same form as stage 6 but aims to use less screws and has no need for paintingwhile keeping its structural integrity.

As a designer the Biennale offered an opportunity to both think and make, a role within architecture that has started to slowly slip away. From earlier explorations into bamboo construction to the vigorous development into timber construction, to then pursuing new technology in 3D printing, one could always reflect, think and therefore explore through making, understanding new ways moving forward. Through out the design it was essential to develop a simple and quick building method that would be simple to constructed. Allowing someone with little building knowledge to simply construct the exhibition. However upon reflection the building method could of been further developed to allow this to happen. Future joints such as the 3d printing allowed for this to happen, its the process of reflecting which has stood out to me through this unit. The importance of being critical but actually exploring both the space and building method has been crucial. The future joints allow for simple construction and the building method allows for architects to rethink how we construct and how as designers we could be apart of that phase.

A large part of my role within the project was making sure the technical decisions considered the limitations of peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s physical attributes regarding carrying and constructing, but also understanding their skill set and abilities to construct the work. Throughout the design it was pivotal to make sure the joining method required the minimum amount of people, was speedy to do and reduced the chance of human error where possible, this lead to: * An increased universality to the overall design * As light weight material as feasible * Minimal components + screws * An intuitive design, with guide holes and slots * Reducing the amount of people required to construct each element, minimising chance of injury by the reduced light levels or need for hands to be near the dangerous end of power tools. * No need for lifting platforms or any step ladders to construct the exhibition However, upon reflection parts were too high for some of the smaller people and so required a taller person to come over to finish the work. This issue could have been simply dealt with by positioning a taller person in each of the spaces that required one. Additionally, after further investigation we discovered we could have eradicated the need for screws completely, leading to an even more intuitive design and even less components and screws minimising skill set required, speed of assembly and chance for human error.

CONCLUSION

The technology report allowed us to work closely as a team and continue our collective interest in architectural detailing. The technology report demonstrates the critical understanding of project restraints and how these were overcome through the vigorous iteration testing in the joints development. The report touches on critical factors, such as sustainability and health and safety; which as young architects is good practice to design with these in the forefront of any proposal. Reflecting on each stage also allowed refined development; understanding areas of improvement at each stage meant that each joint went from strength to strength with particular focus on the project management triangle; that ultimately set out the guidelines of what we were designing towards.

BIBLIOGRAPHY M.A.P Pavilion , 2015, Impromptu Projects. Page 6 -

Zizu , Chan Hin lo, (2015) M.A.P. Pavilion / Impromptu Projects [online] Available from :https://www.archdaily.com/778712/mappavilion-impromptu-projects [10.11.2018]

Michelangelo Pistoletto + Cittadellarte , 2003, Antwerp. Page 10 -

Unknown. (2003) Collection M HKA, Antwerp. [online] Available from : http://ensembles.mhka. be/items/uffizi-porte [06.11.2018] Page 16 - Tenon

, 2010, Yota Kakuda.

Warmanan, C. (2009) Tenon by Yota Kakuda. [Online] Available from : https://www.dezeen. c o m / 2 0 1 0 / 11 / 0 9 / t e n o n - b y - y o t a - k a k u d a / [28.11.2018]

Design 3.0 Hybrid Production XXI T , 2016, Design Libero. Page

Design Libero. (2016) Design 3.0 Hybrid Production. [online] Available from : https://www. designlibero.com/portfolio/design-3-0-hybridproduction-xxi-t/ [20.11.2018]