INTRODUCTION TO DESIGN PRINCIPLES AI113
PORTFOLIO
EXETER'S LIBRARY
LEONG WAN YI 1002058284 Diploma in Interior Architecture
about
intro duction.
This portfolio compiled all my architecture case studies for approximately 4 months. It is about my understanding & analysis based on the building that I selected which is Phillips Exeter Academy Library, designed by the America's foremost living architect, Louis Kahn.
SELECTED BUILDING
PHILLIPS EXETER ACADEMY LIBRARY
CONTENT CONTENT 0 3
0 2
0 1
ANALYSING DESIGN ANALYSING DESIGN
DESIGN PRINCIPLES POINT & LINE PLANE &VOLUME
ORGANISING ARCHITECTURE FORM & ORGANISATION ORDERING PRINCIPLES QUALITY OF SPACE & CIRCULATION
Name of architect & origin Architect’s 3 other’s projects The location of the building Ideas behind the design Issues or concerns tackled Materials used What's interesting about the project • Understanding about architecture
: dessucsid eb ot scipoT
• • • • • • •
01
ANALYSING DESIGN ANALYSING DESIGN
Louis Kahn Country : Estonia (emigrated to United States when he was 5 years old)
Three other projects
01 National Assembly Building of Bangladesh
02 Yale Centre for British Art
03 Palazzo dei Congressi
Location: Exeter, New Hampshire, United States of America
Ideas behind the designs
Four corners of the building are like cut out, this made the building less bulky
A brick exterior to match the Georgian buildings of the school
Interior with the ideal environment for study by using natural light
Library with a square base so that visitors can easily understand the plan
1
Early designs were rejected Richard Day found designs by other architects to be unsatisfactory
Louis Kahn was chosen because of his sympathetic use of brick and his concern for natural light
2
Issues/concerns tackled
Insufficient budget Cost for the construction exceeded the initial budget of $2.5 million The top floor was supposed to be eliminated in the design It was restored by the funds raised by committee
Brick
> 700 0000 bricks are used
Teak
Exterior woodwork
Travertine Marble
Materials Used in This Project
White Oak
Poured Concrete
Used on the floor of the central hall & main entrance staircase
Interior millwork
The two large cross beams at the top of the central hall
02
What’s Interesting? Coexist of different materials
Reader is able to read the book by natural light
01
03
� Rejected bricks are used all over the building
8
What is Architecture?
1
When you want to give something presence, you have to consult nature
2
Knowing the nature of the materials and respecting that
3
An architectural space must reveal the evidence of its making by the space
Point Indicates a position in space. A point extended becomes a Line with properties of length, direction and position. An abstract using Point & Line are hand drawn to emphasize the internal spaces of the building.
02
DESIGN PRINCIPLES POINT & LINE
represents
two large concrete beams on top of the central hall
represents
circular openings around the central hall
2 different thickness represents
2 main materials used
shows
sympathetic used of light
02
DESIGN PRINCIPLES PLANE & VOLUME
Horizontal Elements Defining Space • Base Plane • Elevated Base Plane • Depressed Base Plane • Overhead Plane Vertical Elements Defining Space • Vertical Linear Elements • Single Vertical Plane • Four Planes: Closure
UMMARY
BASE PLANE
CUT-OUT PART
- SQUARE BASE RESEMBLE A TEMPLE
VISUAL CONTINUITY IS MAINTAINED SPATIAL CONTINUITY IS INTERRUPTED
MAIN ENTRANCE OF EXETER'S LIBRARY. ELEVATED PLANE
DEPRESSED
BASE
PLAN
BASEMENT 1. MICROFILM ROOM 2. EXHIBITION PREPARATION 3. RECEIVING ROOM 4. JANITOR'S ROOM 5. STORAGE 6. MACHINE ROOM
- CREATED FOR
EXTRA STORAGE
ELEVATION SECTIONAL
D A E H R E OV
CEILING :
E N A L P
ALLOWS THE NATURAL LIGHT TO COME INTO THE BUILDING
VERTICAL LINEAR
ELEMENT
COLUMN GRID
COLONNADE
BRICK COLUMNS GET NARROWER WHEN THEY GO UP SINCE THE LOAD THEY ARE CARRYING GETS LIGHTER
SINGLE
VERTICAL
PLANE
FREE STANDING ELEMENT = PARTITION
PROVIDE PRIVACY
PARALLEL PLANE
DEFINE A CIRCULATION
BEARING-WALL STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
WALLWAY OF EXETER'S LIBRARY
BUILDING IS ALMOST FULLY ENCLOSED
SKIN SYSTEM A FEELING OF SURROUNDED BY BOOKS.
FOUR PLANS : CLOSURE
03
ORGANISING ARCHITECTURE FORM & ORGANISATION
Shapes & Formal Collison of Geometry Dimensional & Subtractive Transformation Form Grouping • Interlocking volumes Spatial Relationship • Space Within A Space • Adjacent Space Organisation • Centralised
UMMARY
Shape PRIMARY SHAPE : SQUARE
ARCHITECTURAL COMPOSITION
PRIMARY VOLUME : CUBE
2 1
1 - OUTER AREA 2 - MIDDLE AREA 3 - INNER AREA
Formal Collision of Geometry
3
OUTER SPACE CAN RECEIVE THE ATRIUM TOTALLY WITHIN ITS VOLUME
24
33
33
DIMENSIONAL
ALMOST CUBICAL SHAPE
Transformation
DIMENSION : 33 X 33 X 24 M
SUBSTRACTIVE
CORNERS ARE CHAMFERED
INTERPENETRATE EACH OTHER
Form Grouping
OUTER AREA ATRIUM
INTERLOCKING VOLUME
THE "DOUGHNUTS"
ENVELOPING SPACE SERVE AS 3D FIELD FOR THE SMALLER PACE CONTAINED WITHIN IT
Spatial Relationship
SPACE WITHIN A SPACE
ADJACENT SPACE FIRST FLOOR GROUND FLOOR
SPATIAL CONTINUITY - INTERRUPTED VISUAL CONTINUITY - MAINTAINED
CENTRALIZED ORGANIZATION
ATRIUM
INCREASE CENTRALIZED FEEL SECONDARY SPACES
FIRST FLOOR
Organization
03
ORGANISING ARCHITECTURE ORDERING PRINCIPLES
Axis Symmetry Hierarcy Repetition / Rhythm Datum Abstract Composition
UMMARY
GETAWAY
OPEN OUTWARD TOWARD A VIEW
W A L K W A Y
ITS LINEAR CONDITION - INDUCES MOVEMENT - PROMOTES VIEWS LONG ITS PATH
AXIS
SYMMETRY
MULTIPLE SYMMETRIES
SYMMETRY OF BUILDING IS MAINTAINED
RADIAL SYMMETRY
H I E R A C H Y
INNER RING DIFFERENCE PLACED IN STRATEGIC LOCATION
IN SIZE ACHIEVE VISUAL EMPHASIS
OUTER AREA
REPETITION
CIRCULAR OPENINGS
FACADE COLUMN
CHARACTERIZED BY A PATTERNED RECURRENCE OF ELEMENTS AT REGULAR INTERVALS.
D A T U M
OUTER AREA COLLECTS THE PATTERN OF ELEMENTS WITHIN ITS BOUNDARIES & THE ELEMENTS ARE ORGANIZED ALONG THE PERIMETER OF THE INNER RING
IN VOLUMETRIC FORM
Abstract Composition
create strong sense of repetition
represents datum
represents hierachy
& create motion to shows there is repetition on every floor
2 different thickness
represents symmetry open outward toward a view
03
ORGANISING ARCHITECTURE QUALITY OF SPACE + CIRCULATION
Qualities of Space • Degree of enclosure - Openings within planes - Openings at corners - Openings between planes • View • Light
Circulation • Approach – Oblique • Entrance – Recessed • Configuration of the path – Composite • Path–space relationship – pass by spaces - pass through spaces • Form of the circulation space – open on one side + stairways
UMMARY
OPENINGS WITHIN PLANE
SKYLIGHT F A C A D E
- FORM A UNIFIED COMPOSITION
OPENINGS BETWEEN
PLANES
OPENINGS -
WEAKENED THE BOUNDARIES OF THE VOLUME
OPENINGS AT
CORNERS
- ILLUMINATE STAIRS
LIGHT
HIGH WINDOWS PROVIDE LIGHT FOR MEZZANINE & LARGE READING TABLES
SMALL WINDOWS FOR CARREL SPACE LARGE READING TABLE
SKYLIGHT LIGHT IS REFLECTED INTO BUILDING
LIGHTING ENVIRONMENT
CARREL DESK
FIREPLACE
v I E W
SKYLIGHT
VISUAL ATTENTION
DIFFERENT PATHS TO ENTER
OBLIQUE
APPROACH
HIDDEN BEHIND THE BRICK COLUMNS ENTRANCE
RIGHT
LEFT
RECESSED
RADIAL COMPOSITE
SPIRAL
LINEAR
PATH
PASS THROUGH SPACES PASS THROUGH THE WALKWAY AXIALLY ALONG ITS EDGE
PASS BY BOOK STACK SECTION TO REACH CARREL DESK
PASS BY SPACES
OPEN ON ONE SIDE VISITORS CAN ENTER AT ANY DIRECTION
FORM OF THE CIRCULATION SPACE
STAIRS ELEMENT IN THE INTERNAL CIRCULATION OF A BUILDING
SPIRAL
STRAIGHT-RUN STAIR
L-SHAPED STAIR
thank you. wan yi