Training on Poultry Vaccination and Desi Breed Farm Venue: Capacity Building, Centre, Malkangiri, Odisha Date: 16th - 17th, April 2015
Day 1 PARTICIPANTS: 15 Veterinary vaccinators including 3 Breed farm entrepreneurs, RRA Malkangiri team members 4, RRA Malkangiri Secretariat FACILITATORS: Dr A.V. Mohan Rao, Dr. M.L. Sanyasi Rao RESOURCE PERSON: Mr. Nigamananda Padhi, VAS Podia Block (for second half 16.4.2015)
Agenda o
Introduction of participants through game
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Participants’ programme
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Introduction to Desi Poultry situation in Malkangiri
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Pre- test (find attached in odia)
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Different indigenous and improved breeds in India with special emphasis on Odisha
o o
Group Exercise Diseases and vaccination of poultry
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Veterinary Vaccinators experiences
expectations
from
sharing
this
training
their
field
The day’s session began with a different way of introducing participants by adoption of a game where pairs were formed through distributing different shapes and varieties of leaves and each had to find their pair on the basis of who has a similar leaf with him/her. Then in these pairs each introduced the other by sharing some basic information on the partner’s whereabouts i.e. the village and panchayat they belonged to and the number of livestock population (if any) possessed by them.
Through this two purposes were fulfilled, one being that everyone got to know each other’s name and the fact that everyone present had some amount of livestock, including a substantial amount of poultry in their households. The participants were then asked to write down one or two things that they expected to learn from this two day training. These expectations after being collected and stuck on a chart for everyone to have a glance at, were broadly classified intobreed farm management practices, poultry disease and backyard poultry management practices, and thirdly vaccination. The maximum number of expectations was found to be under the vaccination category. This result was verified by asking the group present if they felt the relevance of poultry vaccination in their areas and their reasons for feeling so. All of those present shared the need for it since mortality in backyard poultry was very high and vaccination of birds is something which had never taken place in their villages. Through the use of pictures, many different breeds of indigenous and improved varieties of poultry in the country, with few special features of each, were shared. Through the pictures, the main differences between indigenous and improved varieties were depicted- such as the size and structure, the wings and feather design, the length of different body
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parts such as neck, legs etc. and the consequence of these physical differences on the bird itself.
In Malkangiri district of Odisha, three main varieties of indigenous birds were found to exist, namely, Vezeguda, Asil and Dhinki. Many in the group could immediately relate to these and pointed out the one most commonly seen in their respective villages. This was quite a change since until now in the training and otherwise, only the nomenclature of ‘desi’ was used extensively to describe the backyard birds of households. After this the participants were divided into three groups and each was given a single breed to work on. The main task was to draw the flow chart of the given breed depicting its yearlong cycle and the status of each clutch post six months of laying. While each group presented their own variety, the general trend was found to be similar, being that the indigenous bird gave 3-4 clutches of 10-12 eggs a year of which 8-10 hatched; after hatching another average of two were found to die per clutch and a remaining 6-8 survived; and after a period of six months an average of 5-7 survived. The main reasons of the mortality were stated as predation and disease, both being almost equally in play. Hence the general conclusion was found to be that almost a fifty percent of total eggs produced in a year by a single bird were not making it past six months- the only time after which households plan to sell them. This consequently resulted in a loss of minimum Rs 750 per female bird and the group was explained the larger consequence since every household possessed 5 female birds which resulted in a cumulated loss of Rs 3750 for each family every year. The scale of loss was further magnified by explaining to the group the consequences at village
level(assuming 50 HHs) as an annual loss of Rs 1,87,500 and at the panchayat level it was even larger. The primary purpose of engaging in this exercise was to make the group realise for themselves, and in turn create consciousness among the community, of the monetary loss incurred by individual households and villages due to poultry loss and the simple intervention through which this could be minimised.
The second session of the day was primarily conducted by Mr Nigamanda Padhi on the common diseases found to infect poultry and their preventive vaccinations. Mr Padhi was briefed about the composition of the group and what will their role be after receiving the training.
He covered the 2 main diseases that infect poultryranikhet (‘ghuma’) and fowl pox (‘basanta’) and explained the dosage and the time when it was to be administrated. Through an interactive session it was first discovered what were exactly the symptoms that the group noticed among poultry in their village and then the technical names of these two diseases were shared. The main point to be driven into the group was that vaccination was a preventive measure and hence once the bird was infected the only thing to be done was inform the local LI and VAS. Hence the difference between vaccination and medicine was made clear. Also few important points that should be kept in mind before and while vaccinating, were taught to the group; such as, to check manufacture date and expiry date on the bottle of the vaccine,
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the dosage and the administration method; apart from this they were asked to take care of maintaining the cold chain during vaccination, not vaccinating a bird if it looked sick etc. During the session there was a demands of Lasota vaccine from the participants to the VAS but it seemed to be unavailable in the department. The last part of the day’s session consisted of 5 veterinary vaccinators of the 15 present, sharing their experiences on conducting vaccination in their respective fields. The main purpose of doing so was to get a glimpse of the major problems that they faced during implementation of community managed vaccination system. In most of the cases where it had been possible for the veterinary vaccinators to carry out vaccination in their field it was due to the co-operation of local LI and some sort of support from the VAS as well. However, in these cases too it was found that there was no proper system for collection of indent and maintenance of records, also the collection of user fees remained informal and direct collection had not taken place by the veterinary vaccinator; the LI provided him with a small amount for his assistance. The last point was not discussed much since initially this was inevitable to happen, however, the other points were made note of and would be discussed the second day. Also the group was given home work to write down in brief their vaccination plans for the coming two months and they would be asked to share it the following day. The pre test questions which were shared at the beginning of the day were asked to be filled up by them and the answers would be discussed the next day. The group was also shown an odia movie on backyard poultry which depicted the potential of this livelihood in similar tribal regions such as Malkangiri.
Day 2 The group was also shown an odia movie on backyard poultry which depicted the potential of this livelihood in similar tribal regions such as Malkangiri.
Agenda o
Recap and reflection on field session
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Breed farm concept sharing
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Nutritional requirement for poultry
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Traditional treatment of poultry diseases
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Steps to be taken for establishing community managed vaccination system
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Test (find attached in odia)
The field visit was planned to fulfill two purposes, firstly to give the group hands on experience on vaccination of birds and secondly to show them the breed farm initiative taken up by Irma. Two vaccines were procured for practice purpose, Lasota and fowl pox. The group was first shown how to administer Lasota, and all of them picked it up quite fast since giving of drops seemed a simple enough affair, however when it came to the second one, they needed more guidance. They were first shown how to mix the powder in the dilutant and make the right proportion of vaccine to be administered. They were then shown how to hold the bird and where to administer it. It was ensured that everyone got a chance to try this and most gained confidence after doing it for 3-4 times. They also administere d Lasota to both Chicks and adults birds which will immune the adults birds for two months and there no need of administering RD vaccines to the adults. Also the group which had now turned into practitioners, were asked to maintain in their notebooks how many birds they were vaccinating and whom they belonged to, in order to develop the practice of keeping a written record. The second purpose of exposing the group to the Irma’s breed farm who has undertaken it as an entrepreneur, was also fulfilled. In the field they were asked to mainly observe the design and functioning of the breed farm and later back in the training hall a more detailed discussion took place. The group was then asked for their observations on the breed farm, the other two entrepreneurs, Ramo (kalimela block) and Anirudh (Mathili block) also present in the group were asked to share what was different in their respective breed farms, when compared to this one. The main feedback consisted of water and feed facilities which needed to be improved in the breed farm. The concept of breed farm was then explained to all and the purpose for establishing it: 1. Continuous supply of desi chicks throughout the year, something which was not otherwise available
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2. Proper Vaccination of birds as per the cycle would be ensured since monitoring and maintaining vaccination of day old chicks till they were one month old, would be difficult but within a breed farm it could be ensured 3. Increase in weight of the chicks in a planned and natural manner by keeping them enclosed within the fencing of the semi-intensive farm, thus promoting growth 4. Minimising mortality risks caused by predation and lastly the entire enterprise would provide a sustainable livelihood option for the breed farm entrepreneur and households/SHGs that would in turn procure and rear these birds as backyard poultry. The area and size of an ideal Breed farm also were discussed (5 sqr ft. for each bird). Few other key requirements which needed to be kept in mind while setting up a breed farm were also discussed with the group, as in proper ventilation, a ratio of 5 hens to one cock, forage area comprising of compost pit and/or other material available for the birds to scavenge on, shade, nests- which should be customised according to the weather, for instance in summer tamarind seeds could be added to the nest in order to lower the high temperature and thus ensure higher hatchability, feeder and waters, etc. Dr AV Mohan Rao and Dr. Sanyasi Rao also provided feed back to the group based on their observations of the group while they practiced vaccination in the field. Few crucial points came to light and the group was asked to take special note of it, such asexposure of the vaccine to direct sunlight for too long, proper measurement of the dosage and not exceeding the prescribed one(in this case 0.5 ml), prior preparation in the form of informing the livestock rearers and planning for de worming from a week in advance, etc.
understood by the group and many were found to be practised in Malkangiri local context as well. A session was also conducted on the nutritional requirement of poultry and from the existing types of food which are already consumed by the birds, the group was explained the classification of these food types into carbohydrates, vitamins and proteins. The necessity of each type was elaborated on how to incorporate each component in the bird’s daily diet was discussed. Participants also played a brainstorm game on Energy food, protein food and protective food( vitamins and Minerals) by naming locally available foods and its nutrition. The group was explained in general the difference between intensive livestock rearing and traditional practices and hence the need to strengthen the latter in rainfed contexts like Malkangiri since the latter did not promise lesser returns, but through few simple changes and modifications in existing practices, a large difference could be observed.
The answers to the pre-test which was shared the previous day were discussed and a fresh test based on the learnings of this one and a half day training was conducted. This test comprised of 8 questions and those who got the maximum right answers were awarded. The training was concluded by re visiting the expectations of the group and assessing how much could be covered. It was found that for an initial intervention into poultry vaccination and management most of the topics had been covered. Few in the group were asked to stand and share the plan they had formulated for themselves in order to implement all they had learned till now. After hearing them, a general schedule was shared with them, which was merely a modified version of their individual plans:
After a session on breed farm, a variety of ethnoveterinary practices for good management of backyard poultry, was shared through a power point presentation by Dr Sanyasi Rao. Readily available and inexpensive, these methods were easily
(1)
MEETING IN THE VILLAGE WITH o
Experienced Farmers (Community)
o
Local VAS / LI
o
Vaccinators
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(2)
ONCE CALENDAR IS PREPARED o
Estimate the no of animals/birds;
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Prepare indent depending on animals for the entire year; month wise requirements
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Consolidate all the indents
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Vaccination id to be done before one month of disease occurrence (as per calendar made)
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Submit all the indents to the local VAS through SHG/NGO/GP
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Enquire 15 days before the vaccination about the arrival of vaccine in the department
The organisers of the training ensured them that all support would be provided to put the above in place but primarily their commitment and time was most important. It was also decided that a refresher training for vaccination of large and small ruminants during May end would be organised.
ତାଲି ମ୍ ପୁର୍ଧ ପେୀକ୍ଷ (Pre-Training Test) ୧. ନାମ (Name) ୨. ଗ୍ରାମ (Village)
o
procure vaccine from the VAS and store it properly
୩. ରାଜୟ (State)
o
Fix the date of the vaccination with the villagers and inform the local LI
୫. ସି.ପି. ର ନାମ (Name of CP)
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Procure and keep ready all the equipment and sterilize them before the vaccination date
(3)
PROCURE ALL THE VACCINE ON THE SAME DAY AND MAINTAIN COLD CHAIN o
Conduct the vaccination to all the animals/ birds and keep a record of names of owners, Batch No. and expiry date of the vaccine Collect the money
o o
Return the remaining vaccine to the VAS Inform RRA ଗ୍ରାମପଂଚାୟତ (Panchayat)
୪. ଜିଲ୍ଲା (District ୬. ର ାନ୍ ନଂ (Phone No) ୭. ତୁ ମର ରମାଟ ଚାଷ ଜମି ର ପରିମାଣ ରେରତ? (ଏେର ରର) (Land owning particulars in acres) o ଓଦା ଜମି/ପାଣି ଜମି (wet land)
__________
o ସୁଖା ଜମି/ ଦଂଗରିଆ ଜମି (dry land)
__________
୮. ତୁ ମ ଘର େୁ ଗୀ େିମବା ଘର ଚାରିପାରଖ େିଛ ି ଜମି/ଜାଗା ଅଛି େି? (Do you have any space in and around your house?) ୯. ତୁ ମ ପାଖରର ଥିବ୍ା ପ୍ରାଣୀ ସଂଖୟା ନିନମ ରଟବ୍ୁ ଲ୍ ରର ପୁରଣ େର
o
ବ୍ଲକ୍ (Block)
Vaccination Breed Farmer BYP Rearers
o o o
ଗ୍ରାମ (Village)
SPECICES ଜାତି LOCALDISEASES NAME ରରାଗର ନାମ
(fill the table with no of livestock you have) ପ୍ରାଣୀ (Livestock)
ସଂଖ୍ୟା (No.)
ଗାଈରଗାରୁ(Cattle) ମଈସି (Buffalo) ରମଣ୍ଡI (Sheep) ରଛଲି(Goat) ଗଂଜା େୁ େୁଡା(Cock) ମାଈ େୁ େୁଡା(Hen)
SYMPTOMS
ଛୁ ଆଁ େୁ େୁଡା(Chicks)
କ୍ଷଣ
ଅନୟାନୟ(others)
MONTHS OF OCCURANCE
୧୦. ତୁ ମ ଗ୍ରାମ ରର ଥିବ୍ା େୁ େୁଡା ର ଜାତି ଜାଣ େି? ଯଦି
କେଉଁ ମାସକେ କୋଗ ହୁ ଏ DISEASE NAME CONFIRMED BY V.A.S ଡାେଟେ ଦ୍ବାୋ ନିର୍ଧାେିତ କୋଗ େ ନାମ TREATMENT GIVEN ଚିେସ ି ଛା କହଲା େି ନାହି The above format was shared for the purpose of preparing vaccination calendar.
ଜାଣ ରତରବ୍
ତାର ନାମ ରଖ (Do you know the poultry breeds of your area, if yes then write down their names) ୧୨. ବ୍ଜାର ରର ମିଲୁ ଥିବ୍ା ଅଣ୍ଡା ରୁ ୋହିେି ଛୁ ଆ ବ୍ାହାରର ନାହି? (Why the eggs purchased from bazaar will not hatch?) ୧୩. େୁ େୁଡ ର ରଯ ରେୌଣସି ରରାଗ ର ନାମ ଜାଣ େି? ଯଦି ଜାଣ – ରସମାନଂେ ନାମ ରଖ (Do you know names of any poultry diseases? If yes write down their names) ୧୪. ରେରବ୍ ପ୍ରାଣୀ ଡାେଟର ଖାନା ରଦଖିଛ େି? ଏହା େଉଠି ଅଛି?
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(Have you ever seen Veterinary Hospital? Where is it located?) ୧୫. େୁ େୁଡା େୁ ଟିୋ ରଦବ୍ାର ରଦଖିଛ େି?
(Have you Ever Seen Vaccinating a Poultry bird?)
୧୬. ଏହି ତାିମ୍ ରୁ େଣ ଆଶା େରୁଚ୍ଛ?
(What do you expect from this Training?)
୧୭. ତୁ ରମ ରେରବ୍ େୁ େୁଡା
ାମମ ରଦଖିଚ୍ଛ େି?
(Have you ever seen a Poultry Farm?)
୧୮. ଏହା ପୁବ୍ମରୁ ରେରବ୍ ତାିମ୍ ପାଈଛ େି?
(Have you ever attended training before this?)
୨୦. ଏହି ତାିମ୍ ପରର େଣ ସବ୍ୁ େରିବ୍ା େୁ ଚାହୁ ଚ୍ଛ? (What will you do after the training is over in your village?)
(Post - Training Test) 1. Write three indigenous breed of your area. 2. Write two poultry diseases and their symptoms. 3. Write the dosage of R2B and how to administer it. 4. What is the diluent for FOWL POX? 5. What should be available in the forage area for the birds to eat? 6. Write three food names of Carbohydrate. 7. Write three food names of Protein? 8. Write three food names of Vitamin?
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