November 2011

Page 1

Harnessing nature’s energy with solar-powered pumps, page 23

JOURNAL

November 2011

A PUBLICATION OF THE NATIONAL GROUND WATER ASSOCIATION

Geothermal Grouting in the Midwest Series on groundwater in the United States concludes with important topic, page 27

®

The Road to Economic Recovery starts here…. When you choose Baker Water Systems domestic products you are not only choosing products that have been manufactured here is the USA for over a century; but also products that meet the highest standards for safe and secure drinking water.

Choose Quality Choose American Made Choose Security for your Family

Quality Water System Products

Calling all Well Drillers and Contractors - Join Baker Water Systems at NGWA this year

where YOU could be the

WINNER

of

A 2010 Polaris Sportsman® 400 H.O. The 2010 Polaris Sportsman® 400 H.O. returns to the full-size chassis, with improved ride and handling. It’s ideal for trail riding and hunting, and is a great Utility ATV. NGWA 2010 Winner: Danny Flynn of Flynn Well Drilling in Troy, MO!

Booth #319

To be eligible, all you need to do is bring an invoice showing the purchase of any of our products during 2011. Order from us all the time? For every $500 in purchases on the invoice you will receive an additional entry! Haven’t bought anything yet? Visit your local distributor and buy now, all invoices dated Sept. 1 - Nov. 18 will receive DOUBLE ENTRIES!

It’s our way of saying THANK YOU for your continued business! Not attending the show? To enter, send invoice(s) to: Jennifer Becker, Marketing Manager fax: 608-882-6776 e-mail: jbecker@baker-mfg.com or snail mail:133 Enterprise St. Evansville, WI 53536 Sent entries must be received by 11/18/2011 to be eligible

Disclaimer: Winners will be drawn randomly during the show at the Baker Water Systems Booth #319; with the grand prize ATV to be drawn at 11:30 a.m. on Thursday December 1, 2011. Need not be present to win. Item will be shipped to winner at Baker’s expense within the continental US. Winner will be responsible for all taxes and registration fees and will receive a 1099 for the value of the prize package. Distributors, representatives, and employees of Baker Manufacturing Company are not eligible for this promotion. Circle card no. 3

In a world of look-alike, sound-alike pumps & manufacturers, one fact stands clear...

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JOURNAL

Vol. 65, No. 11 November 2011 www.waterwelljournal.com

A PUBLICATION OF THE NATIONAL GROUND WATER ASSOCIATION

FEATURED ARTICLES 23 Harnessing Nature’s Energy with Solar-Powered Pumps By Jennifer Strawn

Why this “hot” renewable resource is on the rise. 27 Groundwater Issues in the United States Part 4: Geothermal Grouting in the Midwest By Mike Price

When installing a geothermal heat pump system, proper loop well grouting is essential in the protection of groundwater. 33 Expo at a Glance Make sure you don‘t miss anything at the industry’s big event in Las Vegas, Nevada.

Page 23

IN EVERY ISSUE 6 Editor’s Note Do You Stand Out?

DEPARTMENTS Your Feedback In This Issue Industry Newsline The Log Web Notes Coming Events Newsmakers Featured Products Classified Marketplace Index of Advertisers Closing Time

19 WellGuard Kitchen Fires 60 WATER WELL JOURNAL Q & A Kevin Christensen, co-owner of Palmer Bit Co. ge 23

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About the cover Yoder Drilling & Geothermal of Sugarcreek, Ohio, drills a closed-loop geothermal system, 6-ton capacity, six-hole 4¼-inch with ¾-inch U-bend high density polyethylene pipe drilled to a total depth of 150 feet each in Ashland County, Ohio. Photo courtesy Yoder Drilling & Geothermal ®

Member of BPA Worldwide. The Water Well Journal (ISSN #0043-1443) is published monthly by the National Ground Water Association, 601 Dempsey Rd., Westerville, OH 43081. Printed and mailed at Beaver Dam, Wisconsin, and additional mailing offices. Postal acceptance: Periodical (requester subscription circulation) postage paid at Westerville, Ohio, and at additional mailing offices. Postmaster: Send address changes to Water Well Journal, 601 Dempsey Rd., Westerville, OH 43081. Canada Post/ Publications Mail Agreement #40739533. Return address: 4960-2 Walker Rd., Windsor, ON N9A 6J3.

Twitter @WaterWellJournl

Water Well Journal November 2011 3/

JOURNAL A PUBLICATION OF THE NATIONAL GROUND WATER ASSOCIATION

Advancing the expertise of groundwater professionals and furthering groundwater awareness. Executive Director Kevin McCray, CAE NGWA President Art Becker, MGWC

kmccray@ngwa.org

Director of Publications/Editor Thad Plumley tplumley@ngwa.org Associate Editor Mike Price

mprice@ngwa.org

Copyeditor Wayne Beatty

wbeatty@ngwa.org

Production and Design Janelle McClary jmcclary@ngwa.org Advertising Shelby Fleck Vickie Wiles

sfleck@ngwa.org vwiles@ngwa.org

Contributing Writers Ed Butts, PE, CPI; Donald W. Gregory; David T. Hanson; William J. Lynott; Michelle Nichols; Christine Reimer; Al Rickard, CAE; Jill Ross; Ron Slee; Stuart A. Smith, CGWP; Lana Straub; and Jennifer Strawn Publishing Oversight Committee Chairman Theodorosi Toskos Patricia Bobeck Richard Clarke Paul C. Johnson, Ph.D. David Larson Karen Madsen Brent Murray Deborah Post Michael Salvadore Frank Schwartz, Ph.D. Editorial, Advertising, & Publishing Offices 601 Dempsey Rd., Westerville, OH 43081 (800) 551-7379 Fax: (614) 898-7786 Selected content from Water Well Journal is indexed on Ground Water On-Line™ at www.ngwa.org/gwonline ©Copyright 2011 by the National Ground Water Association. All rights reserved.

Page 27

FEATURED COLUMNISTS 42 Engineering Your Business by Ed Butts, PE, CPI Groundwater Treatment Part 3(a): Disinfection—Chlorination

52 Safety Matters by Michael D. Larrañaga, Ph.D., PE, CIH, CSP Avoid an Aching Back or Worse Back injuries can become long-term disabling health problems.

54 People at Work by Alexandra Walsh Avoid Illegal Interview Questions An interviewer can use behavioral-based job interview questions to help select superior candidates.

56 The After Market by Ron Slee Customers and You: How’s It Going? How to develop a relationship that will stand the test of time.

Our circulation is audited, ask for a statement today.

An APEX award winner nine consecutive years with 21 total awards, most in the groundwater industry.

58 Savvy Selling by Michelle Nichols Nervous Before Your Sales Presentation? Join the club. There's a lot riding on your presentations, so take the following advice seriously. Then have fun!

The views expressed in the columns are the authors’ opinions based on their professional experience.

4/ November 2011 Water Well Journal

waterwelljournal.com

It has been said… IMITATION IS THE HIGHEST FORM OF FLATTERY

GO FOR THE ORIGINAL

FACTS YOU CAN’T FAKE #17 Grundfos has been manufacturing solar powered pumps since 1980.

SQFlex and CRFlex A revolution in remote water supply, featuring: Α Α Α Α Α

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EDITOR’S

NOTE

Do You Stand Out?

A

s I recently walked through one of my favorite areas— New Orleans’ French Quarter—I found fantastic food, great music, and tremendous shops all surrounded by breathtaking architecture that always reminds me why I think NOLA is America’s most European city. It was my first visit to the French Quarter since New Orleans hosted the Ground Water Expo in 2009 and it was great. I was excited to see several favorite establishments still doing what they do best. Unfortunately, there were a few occasions when my wife and I walked to a certain location and what we remembered being there no longer was. The business was gone, no doubt a victim of the down economy that has plagued the country the last few years. I spoke with one of the owners of a small business that has been in the French Quarter since 1997. In talking about surviving the economy—as well as the little wrench Hurricane Katrina threw into her firm’s plans—she knew what was going to help the company keep going into the future. Continuing to stand out. She said the economy today isn’t strong enough for dozens of people doing the same thing. No longer will there be competitors around every bend. Today, there simply aren’t the customers to go around. So she’s ensuring her business remains unique. And her words just don’t apply to the land of beignets and jazz. In fact, they should be trumpeted loudly throughout the groundwater industry. So what about you? Do you stand out?

Or could your company’s mission statement be slapped on the Web site of your competitor without a single change? If your firm has accumulated most of its business through the years doing domestic water well installation, you need to be working right now to stand out. Consider diversifying into geothermal. Ramp up your company’s well maintenance work. Offer maintenance agreements to lock in customers. Earn certification through NGWA’s voluntary certification program to show off your expertise. Any of these suggestions will help differentiate you from your competition. They will show potential customers that you are evolving with the times and, simply put, are the better choice for their business. Geothermal heating and cooling is continuing to grow in popularity and offers an opportunity to keep your rigs running. Well maintenance is a chance to help well owners get better production out of the wells already drilled. And maintenance agreements mean those owners won’t look online or in a phone book when a problem arises. They’ll call you, the original installer. Finally, certification shows off that you are an expert in your field, one who has taken time to be tested on your trade. You can stand out. Trust me. If it can be done near Bourbon Street, it can be done anywhere.

Thad Plumley is the editor of WWJ and director of publications at the National Ground Water Association. He can be reached at tplumley@ngwa.org and on Twitter @WaterWellJournl.

Advertise your products and services to the groundwater industry’s most influential readership. Call Shelby Fleck and Vickie Wiles in the NGWA sales department at (800) 551-7379. ● ● ● ●

Approximately 25,000 readers every month. More than 19,000 are groundwater contractors. Approximately 4000 reside in professions also allied to the field. Readers reside in every state, Canada, and other international locations. Circulation is audited by BPA Worldwide. Ask for a statement.

6/ November 2011 Water Well Journal

Shelby Fleck

Disclaimer Water Well Journal and the National Ground Water Association provide information for guidance and information purposes only. This publication is not intended to provide investment, tax, or legal advice. The information contained herein has been compiled from sources deemed reliable and it is accurate to the best of our knowledge and belief; however, Water Well Journal and the National Ground Water Association cannot guarantee as to its accuracy, completeness, and validity and cannot be held liable for any errors or omissions. All information contained herein should be independently verified and confirmed. Water Well Journal and the National Ground Water Association do not accept any liability for any loss or damage howsoever caused in reliance upon such information. Reader agrees to assume all risk resulting from the application of any of the information provided by Water Well Journal and the National Ground Water Association. Trademarks and copyrights mentioned within Water Well Journal are the ownership of their respective companies. The names of products and services presented are used only in an educational fashion and to the benefit of the trademark and copyright owner, with no intention of infringing on trademarks or copyrights. No endorsement of any third-party products or services is expressed or implied by any information, material, or content referred to in the Water Well Journal. Subscriptions/Back Issues For questions, changes or problems with your subscription call Sharren Diller. Subscriptions: Water well contractors and other qualified groundwater industry personnel in U.S. and Canada — free; others in U.S. — $105 per year; $15 per copy. Canada – $120 per year; $24 per copy. International: $140 per year; $35 per copy. Subscriptions available through NGWA offices only. We reserve the right to refuse subscriptions to anyone not directly engaged in the groundwater industry. Claims for missing issues must be made in writing within three months of publication and will be subject to the availability of back issues. Advertising Disclaimer Advertisers and advertising agencies assume liability for all content (including text, representation, and illustrations) of advertisements printed and also assume responsibility for any claims arising therefrom made against the publisher. The publisher reserves the right to reject any advertising that it believes is not in keeping with the publication's standards or is deemed unsuitable or misleading.

Vickie Wiles

waterwelljournal.com

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Circle card no. 56

YOUR

FEEDBACK

S E R IO U

S ABO UT

Ball Sta te Unive rsity is by having undergoin the nat g a monum ion’s lar heating ental tra gest gro and coo nsformati und sou ling sys on rce geo tem ins thermal talled on UNCIE, India na—Unde its cam gun metal ra pus. sky in late widesprea Septemd adoption ber, rain begin By Mike of mal techn up on the s to slowly Price ology withi geothersouth drill pick

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n the U.S. site at Ball could trans University State , making late into a already mess savings of $38 billio conditions n by 2030 y work even wors e. Ground broke . It doesn’t on May when U.S. three drilli seem to matter thoug ng Senator Rich 9 h Lugar from continue workcompanies from India as ard Indiana cerem na ing on phase ally drille university’ onione of the d the first s ambitious borehole. The plan carbon emis plans to slash calls sions and for nearly its boreholes overa energy cost. 4000 distributed To be comp ll long-term throughou two separ four years ate t , Ball State leted in the next closed-loo fields as part of a is boast the nation’s large expected to p system that wate geotherma st will circu r through ways to susta l heating and ground source late heat pump in then route cooling syste chillers and Ball State No coincidencitself. it into ’s conversio m. two distri hot water mal-based e then ct loops—a fore I was loop heating and n to a geothertaken on a that minutes berunning throu and a cold water supported cooling syste tour of the drill site, loop— by ghout the the south ment of Ener a United States Depa m is 660-acre camp The geoth was raised, subject of sustainabi ermal proje rtgy study that us. lity albeit in a to ct is expe cost abou suggests roundabou cted t $70 milli t way. ability to 䡲 efficiently on and have the Insid e a conference䡲 䡲 Mike Price heat and cool than 45 build is Lowe, PE, more room, Jame editor of Waterthe associate State’s four ings. It will replace director of s W. Well Ball operations engineerin coalJournal. He can be g and installed close fired boilers that at reached at the campus Ball State who overs were mprice@ng to 70 years main ees wa.org. This “gree ago. tenance, engin constructio eering, has boldly n” initiative that Ball n, undertake NGWA.org water plant and heat plant/chill State n comes at ed when this staff, is discu a time country is thermal proje ssing the searching geoct, pointing for new at diagrams BALL STATE/contin ues on page

Water Well

Ball State plans to begin work on the geothermal phase two conversion later this year.

24

Journal Novem ber 2009

23/

Staying on Pace Associate Editor Mike Price followed up on the feature he wrote back in the November 2009 WWJ issue, “Serous About Change,” which focused on Ball State University in Muncie, Indiana, converting its campus to what is expected to be the nation’s largest ground source geothermal heating and cooling system. Ground broke on the multi-year project on May 9, 2009, and calls for nearly

3600 boreholes distributed throughout two separate fields as part of a closedloop system that will circulate water through heat pump chillers and then route it into two district loops—a hot water loop and a cold water loop—running throughout the 660-acre campus. James W. Lowe, PE, director of engineering and operations at Ball State who oversees the campus maintenance, engineering, construction, and heat plant/ chilled water plant staff, provided an update on the project. As of mid-September, Ball State was on schedule for the start-up of the geo-

thermal phase one conversion planned for mid- to late October. The university plans to begin work on the geothermal phase two conversion later this year. Phase one included several construction projects that were under construction concurrently: ●

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James W. Lowe, PE, director of engineering and operations at Ball State University

Work is complete on the 1800 boreholes located on the north side of campus. This included more than 500 miles of geothermal pipe that connects the vertical closedloop boreholes to the heat pump chillers located in the District Energy Station North. The construction of a District Energy Station North is complete. This project included the construction of the building that houses the heat pump chillers and the system pumps. Two 2500-ton York heat pump chillers arrived in November of 2010 and start-up began in mid-September. These heat pump chillers will produce 150°F water for heating and 42°F water for cooling. Installation of more than six miles of new hot water and chilled water distribution piping is complete and will be placed into service early this month. Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning modification/interfaces needed in various buildings to connect heating and cooling equipment to the new distribution system is complete.

To view the feature article on Ball State, search “Serious About Change” on www.NGWA org. You will be directed to the article in NGWA’s online database, NGWA Archives.

Have Something to Say? Do you want to comment on an article that you read in WWJ or something happening in the groundwater industry? You can do so by sending your feedback to WWJ Editor Thad Plumley at tplumley@ngwa.org. waterwelljournal.com

WE ARE EXPANDING TO AN INNOVATIVE NEW PUMP COLUMN THREADING FACILITY L.B. Foster Threaded Products is relocating to a new manufacturing facility in Magnolia, Texas. This innovative plant uses advanced technology threading and conveyance equipment to meet precise customer specifications and expedite deliveries nationwide. The Magnolia facility expands our team’s ability to meet your agricultural, municipal and industrial water well needs with quality tubular products and exceptional service. The new threaded products plant is strategically located adjacent to L.B. Foster’s joint venture pipe coupling producer, LB Pipe & Coupling, LLC.

“ WE USE ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY TO ASSURE EXACTING SPECIFICATIONS ARE MET TO PROVIDE A PERFECT MAKE UP.” – Tm Chiasson - Operations Manager, L.B. Foster Tubular Products

ISO 9001:2000 Registered www.lbfoster.com 800.848.6249

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IN THIS

ISSUE

T

he November issue of Water Well Journal focuses on water conservation and green technology. It contains multiple feature stories and a Q&A on the subjects that are growing in popularity. Along with those stories, and the monthly columns and departments, the November issue also contains a section titled “Expo in Brief” on page 33. The section details some of the happenings that will take place at the Ground Water Expo, the industry’s biggest annual event, November 29 to December 2 in Las Vegas, Nevada. Freelance writer Jennifer Strawn covers the green technology of solar pumps in “Harnessing Nature’s Energy with Solar-Powered Pumps.” The article, which begins on page 23, details how pumps using solar power are on the rise not only because they use a renewable resource to generate power, but the long-term costs of running a system are sometimes lower than traditional pumps relying on alternating current (AC) power supplied by an electrical grid. Strawn highlights the advantages of the units, while also mentioning their limitations and discussing their applications and future. Associate Editor Mike Price concludes his four-part series on “Groundwater Issues in the United States” on a green topic

with the last installment titled “Geothermal Grouting in the Midwest” on page 27. The primary use of grout in a loop well is the protection of groundwater, but this becomes compromised when not done properly or without the correct grout. A secondary use is to transfer the heat between the loop tube and the earth. Mike Price The critical factor for the thermal grout is placement in the borehole, with the most effective method being to pump it from the bottom of the borehole to the top. Price explores this up-and-coming groundwater market segment by speaking with a handful of contractors who have made it a major part of their business. In an accompanying sidebar article, Price writes how the National Ground Water Association encourages the use of geothermal heat pumps as a diversification opportunity. Price also interviews Kevin Christensen, co-owner of Palmer Bit Co. in Williston, North Dakota, in the Water Well Journal Q&A on page 60. Palmer Bit fabricates a multitude of custom-built carbide insert drag bits and hole openers. A manufacturer of Red Devil bits, Palmer Bit sells a complete line of drag bits, Kevin Christensen rock bits, and other drilling bits for geothermal, water well, seismic and mining, and other drilling applications. The Diamond Devil polycrystalline diamond

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waterwelljournal.com

IN THIS

ISSUE

compact (PDC) bit is being used at the Ball State University project in Muncie, Indiana, which is converting its campus to what is expected to be the nation’s largest ground source geothermal heating and cooling system. Columnist Ed Butts, CPI, PE, continues to tackle a green topic in the latest installment of Engineering Your Business on page 42. As part of his series titled “Groundwater Treatment,” Butts covers the most common form of disinfection, chlorination. He details the history of chlorination, some of the controversy surrounding its use, how it works, and how it can rid wells of coliform bacteria and viruses, iron and man- Ed Butts, CPI, PE ganese scale, and hydrogen sulfide. The monthly installment of the Safety Matters column is by Michael D. Larrañaga, Ph.D., PE, CIH, CSP, and covers a subject nearly everyone has encountered. Titled “Avoid an Aching Back or Worse” and starting on page 52, Larrañaga discusses how back pain can impact workers and companies. About 450,000 workers a year lose at least one day of work due to a back injury, Michael D. and 20% of those injured workers—90,000 Larrañaga, —miss more than 31 days. The author then Ph.D., PE states what types of workers are at risk, how to lift properly and safely, and bad habits that must be broken to ensure no one suffers back pain or back injuries.

WATER LEVEL METER This newly designed Powers Well Sounder is a transistorized instrument built to easily and accurately test the static or standing water level in a well with the pump idle, drawdown with the pump running, and recovery with the pump off. Unit does not have to be laboriously held in one hand to lower and raise the cable in and out of the well as required by most open reel models. New features include Hot Foil Marking System with Cable Permanently Imprinted with a 4 digit sequential number, marked in 1 foot or 500 millimeter increments. On/Off toggle switch, audible beeper and test switch. The unit is portable, self-contained, and trouble-free. Any length of twoconductor cable is available to 2000 feet maximum. Heavy-gauge metal case with high gloss enamel finish. Inexpensive flexible brass beaded electrode. Prompt shipment from stock on all orders, including replacement parts and repairs. Assurance of quality and satisfaction guaranteed. Brochure and Price List available upon request.

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Twitter @WaterWellJournl

Water Well Journal November 2011 11/

INDUSTRY

NEWSLINE

New Home Sales Fell to Six-Month Low in August Transport Topics reports new home sales fell to a six-month low in August, the Commerce Department said on September 26. Sales fell 2.3% to an annual rate of 295,000, slightly above economists’ forecasts of a 293,000 rate, Bloomberg reported. The median price fell to $209,100 from $226,600 a year ago. Sales fell in three of four regions, led by a 14% drop in the Northeast. The Midwest posted the only gain. New home sales account for about 15% of residential real estate sales. Meanwhile, according to Reed Construction data on new residential housing, year-to-date U.S. home starts were down 3.5% vs. the first eight months of last year. The singles market, which is nearly three-quarters of the total, accounted for all of the decline. January to August single-family starts on average were

–13.8% vs. the same period last year. In the much smaller multi-family market, a significant year-to-date increase has been recorded (+40.3%). This is to satisfy living requirements from one of the few segments of the labor market that has been in rising demand: young well-educated individuals with high-tech skills. Regionally, the year-to-date percentage changes in home starts have not varied much. The Midwest is struggling the most (–8.1%), followed by the Northeast (–5.2%) and the South (–3.2%). The West recorded a tiny uptick (+0.3%).

NGWA President Attends UN Water Awareness Summit NGWA President Art Becker, MGWC, CPG, attended the United Nations Water Awareness Summit in conjunction with the opening of the 66th UN session in New York City on September 16. Integrated water issues such as cli-

mate change, drought, security, and sustainable development were all topics of discussion. The event was intended to be an early step toward a global campaign of water education. Among the dignitaries was past NGWA Scientists and Engineers Division Chair Mike Campana, Ph.D., who addressed the summit attendees on groundwater issues. Campana acknowledged Becker, NGWA, and his own NGWA membership in his brief remarks to the delegates.

Geothermal Projects on the Rise in the United States Alternative Power Construction reports a large number of projects in advanced or final stages of development promise exciting times in the geothermal industry in the next couple of years, but decisions from lawmakers will be crucial in ensuring market stability beyond current geothermal funding and program deadlines.

NEWS/continues on page 14

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s WWW .'7! ORG 0.7 s 12/ November 2011 Water Well Journal

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OUR QUALITY COMES THROUGH

years of geothermal development in the United States, the only new geothermal power plant to come on-line was the 15 MW Jersey Valley plant by Ormat Technologies. Total development, however, continued to rise, with 27 projects reaching advanced stages (drilling production and injection wells, signing power purchase agreements, securing project financing and permits, and initiating actual plant construction). Current work on advanced-stage geothermal projects will produce up to 772 MW in the next three or four years—showing that many projects have passed mile-

NEWS/from page 12 The number of geothermal projects in the United States has steadily increased since early 2006, with more than 5000 projects now under development. Even as the worldwide economic downturn made financing geothermal projects more difficult and expensive, in 2009 geothermal developers brought seven geothermal projects on-line, adding 176 megawatts (MW) of renewable energy capacity in five states. This rush of new capacity ebbed in 2010. As the industry celebrated 50

stones into advanced stages over the past year. To read more, visit http://altpower construction.com/index/webapp-storiesaction?id=556.

University of Pittsburgh Releases Supply Chain Study for a Marcellus Shale Well The results of a University of Pittsburgh study into the direct economic impact of operating a single Marcellus Shale well was released at the Washington County Energy Partners’ 2011 Energy Forum. The Pitt team worked with the energy company EQT to study an operational Marcellus Shale drilling site in Washington County. Undergraduate and graduate business students visited the well in March 2011 and then conducted subsequent research to quantify the value chain for the well’s life cycle. A key finding of the study was that a single EQT well had direct costs of more than $7.6 million, which is higher than the industry standard of $4 million to $5 million. The central costs were site preparation and reclamation— which accounted for nearly 40% of total cost—and mobilization of equipment and materials, which included drilling rigs, hydraulic fracking equipment, power generation, and steel and steel derivatives. “This study fills a critical information gap on the impact of gas drilling and extraction from Marcellus Shale deposits deep underground. Our goal is to provide a realistic picture of the direct costs of natural gas drilling,� said Shaun M. Seydor, director of Pitt’s PantherlabWorks program at the Institute for Entrepreneurial Excellence. The study—called “The Economic Impact of the Value Chain of a Marcellus Shale Well�— reviewed the direct effects of the supply chain. The project was broken into eight phases and comparisons were made between a vertically and horizontally integrated supply chain.

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Jobs Will Dictate 2012 Funding According to Senate Interior/ EPA Chairman

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Environment and Energy Daily reports the U.S. Senate chairman in Circle card no. 1

14/ November 2011 Water Well Journal

waterwelljournal.com

charge of funding the Interior Department and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency said on September 7 that job creation would dictate agency funding levels in 2012, an indication that infrastructure and construction will take top billing when a draft bill is released. Senator Jack Reed (D-Rhode Island), chairman of the Interior, Environment and Related Agencies Appropriations Subcommittee, said one of his top priorities will be revolving funds for states to finance new and improved water treatment facilities, a program he said creates immediate jobs. Reed said he expected to mark up a bill in the next several weeks and that the committee chairman would like to pass each appropriations bill under regular order. The House Appropriations Committee this summer proposed a $967 million cut in the Clean Water and Drinking Water State Revolving Fund below current funding levels, arguing that the programs received $6 billion from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, and that the cut would bring the accounts in line with fiscal 2008 levels. The House Interior/EPA funding bill would not come back to the floor in September, according to a GOP aide. A continuing resolution to keep the government running past September 30 was expected to give the House more time. On conservation, Reed said senators will have a difficult time making the case for land acquisition projects under the Land and Water Conservation Fund, a program the House slashed to about 10% of its authorized level. The move drew criticism from Interior Secretary Ken Salazar and conservationists, who argued the program is a critical investment that could lower land management costs and boost jobs in rural communities. The LWCF was funded at just under $100 million in the House bill when debate ended in late July. Senator Jon Tester (D-Montana), a member of Reed’s subcommittee, has proposed full $900 million funding for the bill—as requested by the Obama administration —and has been lobbied strongly by sportsmen and conservationists in his state. But Republicans, including subcommittee ranking member Senator Lisa Twitter @WaterWellJournl

Murkowski of Alaska, have raised perennial concerns about acquiring new lands at a time when Interior agencies face more than $20 billion in maintenance backlogs.

Construction Spending Fell for First Time in Four Months in July Transport Topics reports construction spending fell 1.3% in July, the most in six months, as spending on government projects declined, the U.S. Commerce

Department said on September 1. The downturn followed three straight gains, including June’s revised 1.6% increase that was well above the 0.2% gain originally reported. July’s decline was in contrast to economists’ median forecast of a 0.2% increase, Bloomberg reported. Public construction spending fell 2.1%, as state and local projects decreased by 1.9%. Private construction spending fell 0.9%.

NEWS/continues on page 16

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NEWS/from page 15 Homebuilding outlays fell 1.4%, reflecting a 2.4% decrease in home improvements, Bloomberg reported. Construction spending can boost demand for trucking services because spending increases the number of shipments of goods and building materials.

L.B. Foster Relocates Water System Tubular Products Site L.B. Foster Co. is relocating its threaded products unit from Houston, Texas, to a new manufacturing facility in Magnolia, Texas. This innovative plant will use advanced technology threading and conveyance equipment to increase production capacity and improve delivery scheduling. The Magnolia facility expands L.B. Foster’s ability to meet agricultural, municipal, and industrial water well needs with quality water system tubular products and services. The new plant will also extend operating hours to better service existing and new regional markets. The facility was designed from the ground up to incorporate robotic equipment in a single-flow manufacturing

line that fully expedites the movement of water system pipe through advanced threading processes. The use of new Okuma robotic threading equipment will assure the production of threaded pipe column that meets the most exacting client specifications. “Our new robotics uses advanced technology to assure exacting specs are met to provide perfect matchup,” said Tim Chiasson, general manager of plant operations for L.B. Foster Tubular Products. The new threaded products plant is strategically located adjacent to L.B. Foster’s joint venture operation, LB Pipe & Coupling Products LLC. The site also includes additional acreage for the storage and staging of prepurchased inventory to accommodate just-in-time delivery to job sites nationwide. The facility replaces L.B. Foster’s Langfield Road site in Houston, which began operations in 1963.

Connecticut Forms Geothermal Association The Connecticut Geothermal Association has been formed to help promote public awareness and the use of ground

source heat pump technology in the state. The association is comprised of accredited installers, well drillers, and other professionals in the geothermal industry and is dedicated to the promotion of efficient ground source energy in Connecticut buildings. New members are encouraged to join. Committees have been formed and a board of directors has been elected. Information can be obtained by visiting the association’s Web site at www.geothermalconnecticut.org.

Hydraulic Institute Releases Rotodynamic Pump Tests ANSI/HI 14.6–2011 The Hydraulic Institute (HI) announces that both the Centrifugal Pump Test Standard (ANSI/HI 1.6−2000) and the Vertical Pump Test Standard (ANSI/HI 2.6−2000) have been superseded by the newly released Standard for Rotodynamic Pumps for Hydraulic Performance Acceptance Tests (ANSI/HI 14.6−2011). The new test standard contains significant updates from the 2000 versions and is consid-

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ered the new global reference for testing centrifugal and vertical pumps. ANSI/HI 14.6−2011 includes six acceptance grades instead of two that were included in the 2000 versions. Tolerance bands have been developed that will be of interest to those concerned with energy efficiency. Acceptance grades with bilateral tolerances and acceptance grades with unilateral tolerances are defined. Default acceptance grades based on the purchaser’s application are available to guide the pump community (used when there is no specific test acceptance grade in the contract document). The standard contains tolerances for pumps with low horsepower input.

Atlas Copco Receives U.S. DOE Funding to Develop Geothermal Drilling Technology Atlas Copco Secoroc and Sandia National Laboratories have been awarded $3.4 million by the U.S. Department of Energy for a joint research project to significantly increase drilling of deep geothermal wells. In an announcement on October 12, Atlas Copco Secoroc and Sandia Na-

Circle card no. 4

tional Laboratories announced that the aim is to develop technology that would significantly increase the speed of drilling deep geothermal wells and reduce the cost of investment in this renewable energy source. During the three-year project Atlas

Copco Secoroc will design, develop, and test equipment. Sandia National Laboratories will provide computer models to evaluate hammer performance, materials, and components. Sandia will also develop a high-temperature test cell to evaluate hammer prototypes.

GeoVISION Borehole Cameras TM

By Marks Products Inc. www.geovision.org For a free DVD, call (800) 255-1353 or e-mail jeff@geovision.org

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●

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Some features of the GeoVISIONTM Deluxe System: ● Excellent video from places that no other systems will work. ● Five cable lengths for video inspection to 2000 feet underwater. ● Six interchangeable camera heads for use in bores from 1 inch to many feet in diameter. ● Motorized pan-tilt for use in mines and wells over 4 inches in diameter. Dual Scan micro camera for easy switching between down and side views All GeoVISIONTM systems come with excellent support, practical advice, and repair service.

Water Well Journal November 2011 17/

THE

LOG

NEWS FROM THE NATIONAL GROUND WATER ASSOCIATION

NGWA Recommends 2011 Amendments to its Code of Regulations Following input from members, discussion by the NGWA Board of Directors, and recommendations from a Governance Task Force, multiple changes to the NGWA Code of Regulations are being recommended by the board for adoption by the delegates participating at the 2011 annual meeting. One recommendation is to eliminate board titles of alternate, and to convert any position presently labeled as “alternate” to the status of director and the privileges associated with the position. Alternates were previously called “observers” until a previous amendment to the Code of Regulations adopted by the delegates. This change addresses a number of directors. The Contractors Division is proposed to retain nine directors, with each of the other three divisions—Manufacturers, Scientists and Engineers, and Suppliers—then having three directors each. Other changes also address who shall be officers of the board. Board officers are representatives of the whole Association and are eight of the 19 voting members of the board; the past president position is not an officer position. The proposed changes in the officers of the board include: ●

●

●

The secretary, treasurer, and president-elect may be elected from any division. Vice presidents shall be elected by the board. They are not automatically any individual who may be serving as chair of a divisional board. The past president shall not be considered part of a division.

The delegates will be asked to vote on proposed amendments in two parts— changes to Section 7.1 and changes to Section 8 (8.1, 8.3, and 8.4). The 2011 Delegates Meeting is scheduled for Thursday, December 1, at the NGWA Ground Water Expo and Annual Meeting in Las Vegas, Nevada.

18/ November 2011 Water Well Journal

Numerous Groups Embraced Protect Your Groundwater Day The second annual edition of NGWA’s Protect Your Groundwater Day (PYGD) was embraced coast to coast, as a Google search revealed nearly 200 Web sites and social media sites promoted the event on September 13. The core message of PYGD is that there is something every person can do to protect groundwater—whether through wise use of the resource or protecting it from contamination. While the number of mentions are too numerous to list, they ranged from federal agencies such as the U.S. Geological Survey, state governments, and water management districts to news media, associations, and extension services. A number of NGWA Affiliate States and individual members also promoted PYGD. “The strategy behind Protect Your Groundwater Day is that there are many potential partners across the country who share our goal of groundwater protection—and this event provides an opportunity for us to come together to really spotlight the issue,” says NGWA Public Awareness Director Cliff Treyens. “It’s working. This year alone, a combined total of more than 400 Web sites and social media sites promoted Protect Your Groundwater Day and National Groundwater Awareness Week. Perhaps more importantly, organizations are buying into these events as a recurring way to promote groundwater protection.” If you haven’t already, check out the NGWA PYGD Web page at www.ngwa.org/Events-Education/ groundwater-day/Pages/default.aspx.

NGWA Issues Contractor Certification Notices Those who are in good standing in the NGWA Voluntary Certification Program should have received their 2012 renewal invoices in September. These individuals have until December 31 to report their seven hours of con-

tinuing education, submit their signed affidavit, and pay their renewal fee. If you have any questions, contact NGWA Industry Practices Administrator/Certification Coordinator Jonathan Jenkins at jjenkins@ngwa.org or call (800) 551-7379, or (614) 898-7791 outside the United States, ext. 511.

NGWA Best Suggested Practices Need Your Voice NGWA will be kicking off three working sessions for new industry “best suggested practices” at the 2011 Ground Water Expo. Document introduction will start with face-to-face meetings that will be followed by review of documents and participation in bimonthly online Live Meetings. The three areas to be covered are: ● ● ●

Sustained yield in a hydrofractured well Safe handling of radioactive material from water treatment devices Characterizing needs of surface water/groundwater dependent ecosystems.

Anyone who is interested in taking part in these areas should contact NGWA Industry Practices Administrator Jonathan Jenkins at jjenkins@ngwa.org or by phoning (800) 551-7379 or (614) 898-7791, ext. 511. Upon completion of the best suggested practice, it is submitted to the NGWA Board of Directors for adoption consideration and, upon approval, made available for use in the industry.

NGWA to Host Brownbag Webinar on Recently Updated Pump Sizer Tool NGWA recently updated its Pump Sizer Tool and will host a brown bag Webinar on these updates on November 14. The new tool now utilizes integrated formulas for precise calculation at the job site. The tool is available for free to members in the “Member exclusive content” section of www.NGWA.org and can be purchased by nonmembers in NGWA’s Online Bookstore. waterwelljournal.com

WellGuard

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Kitchen Fires

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ore kitchen fires occur on Thanksgiving than on any other day of the year. This is followed closely by Christmas and other times when large meals are being prepared for family and visitors in the home. Preparing the special holiday meals combined with phone calls and visitors can divert the cook’s attention long enough for a fire to start. 40% of home fires and 36% of home fire injuries are from cooking fires. 55% of home fire injuries are incurred trying to fight a kitchen fire. Fires can occur in microwave ovens, but the biggest hazard from microwaves is serious scald and burn injuries when hot plates or boiling liquids are handled or spilled after microwaving. If frying, broiling, or grilling, the most important rule for preventing kitchen fires is never leave the kitchen or become distracted. Even one minute away from the kitchen is enough time for a fire to ignite and to start spreading rapidly. If boiling, simmering, baking, or roasting, a fire is possible, but smoke or a burning smell will normally give some advance warning. If you have to leave the kitchen, carry a timer to remind you to return at frequent intervals to check on the progress of the cooking.

M

Always turn all pot handles inward you will quickly spread the fire by blowtowards the back of the stove and keep all ing burning grease or oil over a large area. hot dishes, hot plates, and coffee makers Never throw water on burning grease. away from the edges of countertops and If the fire is in the oven, keep the door tabletops. This helps prevent small chiltightly closed and it should quickly burn dren from grabbing a handle and being itself out. Wait for the oven to cool before scalded by boiling liquid or hot food. opening the oven door or the fire may Keep all combustibles such as paper flash back when the door is opened. Call towels or pot holders away from the stove 911 and evacuate the house if your kitchen top and keep the stove top, burners, and fire is not put out immediately. Check for oven clean. When you’re cooking, wear burning grease behind, alongside, and close-fitting, short-sleeved clothes that under the stove to make sure the fire is will not snag pot handles or touch a burn- completely out. er and catch fire. If your clothing does To prepare for holiday cooking, make catch fire, remember to “stop, drop, and sure batteries in all smoke detectors were roll” to put out the fire unless you have a changed when the clocks were rolled back pressurized water spray head with pull-out from daylight saving to standard time. hose within arm’s reach at the kitchen When was the last time your kitchen fire sink. extinguisher was inspected? Does it still For their own safety, small children have full Does-.+ the powder -"+ ,- &) 0(.% ! /pressure? ' & '. "' -! -! should be kept out of the inside flop loosely when the extinguisher 0 kitchen, or at least well away from the stove and other is turned upside down to loosen or fluff cooking appliances. up the powder? If in doubt, buy a new If a fire starts on the stove top or in the kitchen fire extinguisher as a holiday gift oven—turn off the heat immediately and to your family. sound the alarm to start evacuating the The NGWA Safety Program Manual has more house. Use a long oven mitt or tongs to information on this and other important safety put a lid or cover on the burning pot or topics. Help protect yourself, your employees, frying pan to help smother the fire. Do not and your business today by contacting the use a fire extinguisher until you have NGWA Bookstore at 800 551.7379 to order removed the heat sourceT and contained the your copy. In addition, members can access fire. Use the fire extinguisher to put out dozens of other free safety tips by logging in any burning material that has spilled out to the Members Only section of the NGWA of the pot or pan. If you spray the extinWeb site, www.ngwa.org, and clicking on Safety Fact Sheets. guisher directly into the open pot or pan,

We understand how hard you’ve worked to build your ground water contracting business, and we want to help you protect it. That’s why we’ve developed a customized insurance program that meets the most important needs of your business. We offer specialized coverages, like downhole coverage, that are

designed exclusively for the ground water industry. Also, additional premium credits are available for NGWA-certified contractors. Endorsed by the National Ground Water Association, the program offers the financial stability of The Hartford and the flexibilityto use the local

independent insurance agent of your choice. To learn more, please contact Jeff Blumberger at Willis Programs (the program administrator) at 860 756.7333, or visit their Web site at www.wellguard.com.

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Water Well Journal November 2011 19/

4

WEB

NOTES

FIND IT ON THE NGWA WEB SITE, NGWA.ORG

2011 NGWA Ground Water Expo and Annual Meeting Offers 80 Hours of Continuing Education

Educational offerings for the 2011 NGWA Ground Water Expo and Annual Meeting, November 29 to December 2 in Las Vegas, Nevada, are now posted on the Expo Web site. The Expo will feature a variety of educational opportunities. In addition to the traditional classroom format, NGWA offers opportunities to earn certificates in properly drawing groundwater samples for various purposes. Several sessions also address business management and water quality and sustainability. Eight discussion forums will be offered Tuesday, November 29, on such topics as “I’m Considering Diversifying into Geothermal, But I Have These Concerns” and “After the Recession Ends: What Additional Changes Will You Make in Your Business?” There will also be a field trip and three half-day educational programs on Friday, December 2, which offer more in-depth information as well as the opportunity to earn certificates for attendance on federal transportation compliance matters such as drug and alcohol testing and cargo securement.

There are also offerings on project bidding and estimating, and avoiding a variety of foreseeable challenges on geothermal projects. Any registered Expo attendee may attend the Friday offerings at no additional charge—however, when registering for the Expo, please indicate the session you plan to attend to ensure NGWA has materials for you. To learn more about the NGWA Ground Water Expo and Annual Meeting, visit www.groundwaterexpo.com.

New Journal Web Site Offers Advertising Opportunities

Manufacturers and suppliers can supplement their print advertising in the leading industry resource, Water Well Journal, with a presence at its new online home at www.waterwelljournal .com. WWJ’s Web site includes all content from the print edition, buyers guides, and news updated daily. It is offering “homepage” banner ad opportunities: ●

Stay Connected with NGWA Follow the National Ground Water Association on . . . Twitter www.Twitter.com/NGWAtweets Facebook www.Facebook.com/NGWAFB

● ●

Masthead placement at $850 per month—one only (468 ⳯ 60 pixels) Skyscraper placement at $700 per month—one only (125 ⳯ 469 pixels) Side placement at $500 per month— limit of five (125 ⳯ 125 pixels)

For additional information, you can contact NGWA’s Shelby Fleck at sfleck@ngwa.org or call (800) 5517379 or (614) 898-7791 outside the United States, ext. 523, or Vickie Wiles at vwiles@ngwa.org or by phone at ext. 593.

NGWA’s First Phone App for iPhone Provides Valuable Information A glossary of groundwater and water well terms is available from NGWA as an iPhone application downloadable online in the App Store at www.apple.com/iphone/apps-for-iphone. The application for Apple’s iPhone is $4.99 and educational institutions can receive a discounted rate for multiple purchases. NGWA Executive Director Kevin McCray, CAE, says the Lexicon of Groundwater and Water Well System Terms contains more than 1900 terms useful to all professionals in the groundwater industry, and other professionals and students in the Earth sciences. “Here, in one place, the user can find reliable definitions for terms critical to professional work, research, and study dependent upon accuracy and precision,” McCray says. “This glossary represents a comprehensive listing of groundwater and water well terms reviewed exhaustively by a task force of 60 groundwater industry professionals.” NGWA’s Lexicon was selected by a task force of industry professionals and contains terms with the most relevancy to the various groundwater professions and to the use, protection, remediation, and management of groundwater. While there are often regional differences in the use of some terms, the document is certainly an ideal collection of the definitions that relate to groundwater and professionals who work with it. To learn more or to purchase this product, visit the NGWA Online Bookstore at www.NGWA.org, or call (800) 551-7379 or (614) 898-7791.

YouTube www.YouTube.com/user/NGWATUBE 20/ November 2011 Water Well Journal

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JOIN US AT THE Get a “Step Ahead� in your career, business, and profession at the Expo, where you can:

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s 'AIN KNOWLEDGE DURING PLUS hours of educational offerings s 6ISIT PLUS EXHIBITORS s (EAR -ARVIN & 'LOTFELTY 2' give the kickoff presentation of his .'72%& -C%LLHINEY ,ECTURE s (ELP SHAPE THE FUTURE OF THE INDUSTRY by participating in best suggested practice work group sessions s &ORGE PARTNERSHIPS ACROSS ALL SECTORS of the industry.

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Circle card no. 39

Harnessing Nature’s Energy with Solar-Powered Pumps Why this “hot” renewable resource is on the rise. By Jennifer Strawn

G

oing green won’t just help the environment—it’ll save your customers some green, too. “With energy costs rising, more and more people are investing in renewable energy,” says Dwight Patterson of GenPro Energy Solutions in Piedmont, South Dakota. That’s why solar pumps usage is on the rise. Not only do they use a renewable resource to generate power, but the long-term costs of running a system are sometimes lower than traditional pumps relying on alternating current (AC) power supplied by an electrical grid. Solar panels harness the power of the sun’s rays to economically create enough three-phase direct current (DC) power to run a pump’s motor. The panels create DC electricity, which is taken into a controller that communicates it to the motor, creating the power to make the motor rotate Jennifer Strawn was the associate editor of Water Well Journal from 2004 to 2007. She is currently in the internal communications department at Nationwide Insurance in Columbus, Ohio. She can be reached at strawnj2 @gmail.com.

Twitter @WaterWellJournl

Solar panels can create electricity as long as there is enough light to cast a shadow. much like an AC 4-inch pump, says Eric Macias of American West Windmill & Solar Co. in Amarillo, Texas. Solar panels can create electricity as long as there is enough light to cast a shadow. So, it’s not surprising that solar pumps are most popular in areas of the country like the South, where the sun is hotter and the days are longer. But given proper sizing, the systems can be used anywhere. In fact, Patterson says solar systems are most popular in Germany, which has a climate similar to Alaska and Canada, despite shorter days and gray winter months.

Advantages Solar pumps have distinct advantages in remote areas, Macias says. For one, it’s cheaper than running electrical lines. Compared to other DC-powered pumps, such as windmills, solar pumps are easier to install and maintain, Ma-

cias says. With a windmill, the oil needs to be changed yearly, downhole pumping equipment needs changed every five to 10 years, and the pipe in the well will need replaced every 12 years or less— depending on the water conditions. On the other hand, solar pumps can run on PVC pipe, reducing the wear on the pipe. After that, the pump functions just like any other groundwater pump, Macias says. “You can get as much as 10 to 15 years out of that pump without having to do any maintenance on it,” he says. The ease of installation and maintenance is why Jim Bob Neely of Neely Water Well in Riviera, Texas, chooses solar pumps. “You need only one hole in the ground to set your solar panel rack, whereas you need four holes to set a windmill,” Neely says. “One man can put a solar system in, but it takes three or four men to put a windmill up.” Plus, when you compare the new installation costs of a solar pump versus a windmill, solar pumps come out on top. “There’s a lot of steel in a windmill. You have to run steel pipe and you have to have a steel tower so you can put the

SOLAR/continues on page 24 Water Well Journal November 2011 23/

SOLAR/from page 23 windmill up high enough in the air so it catches adequate amounts of wind,� Macias says. “Those costs really add up when you’re doing a new installation. With new installations, solar pumps end up going in about 90 percent of the time.� Solar panels hold up better in severe weather in Neely’s opinion. “In my area, where you’re under a threat of hurricanes, the wind would just tear up a windmill,� he explains. “But, I’ve had solar systems that have survived two hurricanes.� It’s the lack of wind, though, that make solar panels an excellent choice for Mark Landgren of Landgren Well Drilling in Bartlett, Nebraska. “Solar pumps are good because we don’t have to rely on the wind for windmills,� Landgren says. “In the heat of the summer when the sun is hot and the wind doesn’t blow as much, it works much better.� DC-powered motors, like the motors in solar pumps, are also inherently more efficient than AC-powered motors, Patterson says. These motors take less en-

Get Product Information in Seconds! Visit WWJ ’s online searchable buyers guide at http://info.ngwa.org/wwjbg to get contact information for solar pump manufacturers and suppliers. It gives you product and company information at your fingertips in seconds.

ergy to do the same amount of work due to its higher efficiency than AC motors. Solar-powered pumps typically have a longer life span when compared to ACpowered pumps, Macias says. In his experience, the most common reason for failure in 4-inch and 6-inch ACpowered pumps is bad quality power coming from the power provider, which kills the motor. “With a solar pump, you don’t have to worry about that,� he says. “You have your own power plant and the controller is never going to send bad voltage to the motor. It’s never going to single phase it or send it over or under voltage.�

The pumps also have a soft start and stop, much like a variable speed drive. In a typical AC-powered system, the motor pulls 400% to 500% of inrush current when it starts. So, it creates a lot of heat in the motor that needs to be dissipated. A solar pump, like a pump with variable speed drive, doesn’t create heat when it starts, so you don’t need to worry about the number of starts.

Limitations While solar-powered pumps have many advantages, the systems do have their limitations. Landgren says his biggest complaint is the system’s performance on overcast days. “They just don’t work well when it’s cloudy,� he states. Macias says the performance of the system on cloudy days all comes back to the system’s sizing and design. Many believe there needs to be direct sun for a solar panel to work, but that’s not the case.

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“Now whether or not there’s enough power to start a motor or start that pump system, that all depends on how many solar panels you have on that system,” he adds. For example, if you have a lot of cloud cover or dust particles, you can size your solar system to be able to accommodate the pump in that application, Patterson says. “So, the pump may need 150 watts to run, so rather than put 150 watts of solar on it, I may put as much as 300 to 400 watts of solar on it so it will be able to provide the amount of power needed to run the system in almost all weather conditions. This always has to be balanced with total system costs,” he explains. Because the solar panels are the costliest part of the system, you can also run the pumps using backup power such as wind turbines, generators, or even batteries. The downside to battery systems are that they still need to be charged by a solar panel, wind turbine, or power grid. Although you can provide backup power, it’s still not ideal, Landgren says. “Yes, you can hook them up to a battery system or a generator, but then it just gets a little more costly,” he explains. Since they work best in direct sunlight, you really only get eight hours of pumping time a day, Neely says. However, if you put a tracker on your solar rack, that helps maximize the daylight hours by tracking the sun’s position in the sky. Neely’s other complaint is that if your static water level is too deep, it makes the cost of the water system quite a bit higher. Patterson says another limitation is the sizes of horsepower available on the DC motors. DC motors are generally only available up to 4.5 hp.

farmers and ranchers need wells in the middle of remote areas. Landgren uses the solar pumps in open discharge systems. This works well, Macias says, because solar pumps aren’t well suited to provide water on demand. Solar pumping systems need a tank or reservoir to pump the water into so there’s water available at night or on cloudy days. About 90% of the U.S. market for solar pumps is for livestock water, Patterson estimates, but that market is changing. Rising energy costs and decreasing prices on solar panels is fueling the demand for other applications, such as irrigation systems. “If you’re putting in a solar-powered irrigation system, you have a fixed energy cost over the system’s deployment time,” Patterson says. “Once you’ve paid for the system, you know what your energy cost is going to be.” Solar-powered pumping systems are least common when it comes to residential applications. If the home is off-the-grid and the homeowner is looking for city-like water pressure, a solar pump could be a good option. But, in most cases, if the home has access to an AC power source, it isn’t cost effective, Patterson says. About 40% to 70% of the cost of the system is the solar panels, so when you’re talking about high flow rates, the cost adds up really fast, Macias says. “We can do a solar pump that does 10 gallons per minute, not a problem. We can even do a pump that does 650

The Future of Solar Power Although Germany still ranks as the world’s top user of solar pumping systems, Patterson and Macias both expect its popularity to rise in the United States in the coming years. The cost of solar continues to decrease, making it an increasingly more affordable option for all climates. “The cost has come down so dramatically on solar itself. The cost has come down about 70 percent in the last 24 months alone,” Patterson says. “It has made solar systems much more affordable.” WWJ

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Even when you compensate for overcast conditions, solar-powered systems may still be more cost effective when you compare it to the cost of running electrical lines eight or 10 miles, Macias says. That’s why most contractors will choose solar pumping systems for livestock and wildlife applications, where

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gallons per minute. But just like an ACpowered pump, when you do that, the horsepower increases and you need more solar panels to run it.” And because the pumps are designed to provide water on demand, you would need a storage tank so that there would be water available at night and in lowlight conditions, he says. Also, to provide enough water pressure, you’d need a booster pump or an elevated storage tank that has a gravity feed. It’s important to find out what a homeowner’s water needs are and find out why they want a solar-powered system, Macias says. In his experience, homeowners want a solar pump because they’re concerned about having water in an extended power outage. “They’re not concerned about having water to take a shower,” he says. “In this case, they’re concerned about having water to drink in order to live.”

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Water Well Journal November 2011 25/

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(COVER STORY)

Photo courtesy Yoder Drilling & Geothermal

Groundwater Issues in the United States Part 4: Geothermal Grouting in the Midwest When installing a geothermal heat pump system, proper loop well grouting is essential in the protection of groundwater. By Mike Price he green wave of geothermal heat pump technology continues to rise in popularity across the Midwest. At the epicenter is Ball State University in Muncie, Indiana, 60 miles northeast of Indianapolis. The university is having the nation’s largest ground source geothermal heating and cooling system installed on its campus. This full-scale university-wide system will cut its carbon footprint roughly in half while heating and cooling more than 45 buildings and span the entire 731-acre campus. Once fully implemented, the project will save the university $2 million a year in operating costs and replace four aging coal-fired boilers. Even the Super Bowl Legacy Center in Indianapolis opted to have a geothermal system installed. The center is an $11 million facility that will house the National Football League’s youth edu-

T

Mike Price is the associate editor of Water Well Journal. In addition to his WWJ responsibilities, Price produces NGWA’s newsletters and contributes to the Association’s quarterly scientific publication. He can be reached at mprice@ngwa.org.

Twitter @WaterWellJournl

This concludes a four-part series on groundwater issues throughout the United States. This part focuses on the Midwest. cation town and be a hub for fitness, wellness, and cultural programs. Super Bowl XLVI will be held on February 5, 2012, in Indianapolis. “The PR (public relations) for geothermal is what you call ‘exploding,’ and so people are really looking into it,” says Bruce Moss, president and CEO of Moss Well Drilling Inc. in Galveston, Indiana, a third-generation family business that was part of both projects. Yet in the midst of this geothermal boom, drillers who lack proper loop well grouting training are still offering it as a service. In doing so, they are poten-

tially allowing downward migration of contamination from the surface into the groundwater aquifer. “A lot of mom and pop operations that have just been doing a few water wells are now trying to jump into the geothermal industry but don’t have an understanding of the principles and the way a geothermal system works,” says Jim Huddleston, senior project manager for Dedicated Geothermal LLC, a company based in Loretto, Minnesota, that specializes in geothermal drilling throughout the United States.

GEOTHERMAL GROUTING/continues on page 28 Water Well Journal November 2011 27/

GEOTHERMAL GROUTING/from page 27 “They certainly know how to drill a well, but it’s not just the amount of footage of pipe that you put in the ground. It’s important that we continue to educate our installers so that we get good systems put in. It doesn’t take many bad ones to create a bad name for the industry or for a particular company.” So it only stands to reason that as ground source geothermal heating and cooling systems become more common in the Midwest, the probability of groundwater contamination due to improper grouting increases, making it the final installment in a four-part series looking at groundwater issues in the United States.

Completing a loop well requires placing grout in the space between the loop tube and the borehole wall. The importance of proper loop well grouting is evident as Section 5 of the National Ground Water Association’s third edition of Guidelines for the Construction of Vertical Boreholes for Closed Loop Heat Pump Systems is devoted entirely to the subject. Grout is a high solids fluid mixture of cement or bentonite of a consistency that can be pumped through a pipe and placed as required. Various non-toxic additives may be included in the mixture to meet certain requirements. The reasons for grouting are: ●

●

●

Protection of the aquifer or aquifers, including limiting the potential for water movement between aquifers for purposes of maintaining quality or preserving the hydraulic response of the producing zones Provide thermal contact between the loop tube and the formation (borehole) wall Accomplishing the first two in an efficient and economical manner.

NGWA believes the grout and the loop tube are integral parts of the loop well and that qualified individuals, such as a Certified Vertical Closed Loop Driller (CVCLD), should be authorized to construct a loop well. Construction of a geothermal heat pump loop well includes, in continuous order, drilling of the vertical borehole into the earth, placement of the loop 28/ November 2011 Water Well Journal

NGWA will present a series of Webinars that will address “Aquifers of the United States” beginning on November 9. Visit www.NGWA.org for registration information. tube to the bottom of the vertical borehole with the grout tremie, and grouting of the vertical borehole from the bottom of the vertical borehole to the earth’s surface. When these three steps are completed, the vertical borehole may now be considered a loop well. Loop emplacement and grouting should be performed in a timely manner to guarantee successful loop tube placement, grout installation, and environmental protection.

“It’s important that we continue to educate our installers so that we get good geothermal systems put in.”

“When a loop well penetrates an aquifer, the professional vertical closed loop driller can adapt the construct of the loop well,” says John Pitz, CPI, president of N.L. Pitz Inc. in Batavia, Illinois, who helped write NGWA’s second Guidelines edition and edited its third edition. “Sealing the bottom and top of the aquifer isolates and protects the aquifer. Within the aquifer, the borehole can be filled with a saturated sand from the bottom seal to the top seal. “If the borehole is constructed in a consolidated-formation aquifer with moving water within the formation, the borehole doesn’t need filled. The professional vertical closed loop driller has the knowledge, skills, and experience to place the bottom and place the upper seal while allowing the borehole to stay open between the bottom and upper seals. The effectiveness of grout has to be evaluated within the context of the entire loop well.” While some Midwestern states either have requirements and permit regulations or are determining them for the construction of ground source geothermal heating and cooling systems, poor

application of grouting methods negates any requirement. The Michigan Department of Health has identified cases where improper grouting practices or lack of grouting in unconsolidated materials is suspected of causing leakage of contaminants downward along the well casing into lower potable aquifers. In addition, many cases have been documented in Michigan showing that a lack of grouting or improper grouting has contributed to the contamination of bedrock aquifers. Furthermore, in the Gateway Area Development District Water Well Study, the Kentucky Division of Water and the Kentucky Geological Survey report notes “that the majority of wells which appeared to be properly constructed and had proper wellhead seals did not have a bacterial contamination problem.” In Wisconsin, the state’s Department of Natural Resources requires the use of one of its approved high-solids bentonite grout products to be pumped in with a tremie pipe in order to seal the closed pipe loop within the borehole. It presently recommends but does not require the use of thermally-enhanced (silica sand-added) grouts. The Wisconsin DNR typically recommends the formula that was used in the Nebraska Grout Study for these types of grouts—that is, four parts sand to one part bentonite grout by weight. “Not only does the addition of sand significantly increase the thermal conductivity of the final grout envelope, but it also seems to provide a ‘matrix’ for the bentonite grout material to ‘gel around’ and thereby produce a lower permeability seal,” says Tom Riewe of the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources’ Water Supply Private Section, Bureau of Drinking Water and Groundwater. “This, of course, is assuming the grout material and the sand are properly apportioned, mixed, and pumped in.”

In these tight economic times, Tim Yoder has noticed more cases of improper grouting than when his company entered the market in 1990. “That initial upfront cost is a hindrance, of course, to the industry,” says the co-owner of Yoder Drilling & Geothermal, a third-generation family business in Sugarcreek, Ohio, “so when waterwelljournal.com

someone says I’ll just come in and drill a hole and we’ll figure out a way to cut the cost in half on the vertical loop side of things, you unfortunately are going to have some people jumping on that and then you have poor practices.” These grouting shortcuts can be seen in a variety of ways, such as using drill cuttings for grouting, not topping off the boreholes, or waiting a few days to save on the amount of bentonite grout needed. Improper grouting or failure to grout the void space between vertical closedloop piping and the borehole can cause aquifer contamination, commingling of water from different aquifers, or loss of natural artesian pressure. “We cross multiple aquifers when we’re drilling for the most part,” says Yoder, whose company is located in northeast Ohio and drills about 350 residential systems a year in Ohio and neighboring states Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Kentucky. “We need to protect the aquifers and keep from cross-contamination or surface water contamination. “Besides the worst-case scenario of improper grouting being cross-contamination, you can also get sinkholes when surface water can get down a borehole and it will take the dirt with it.” Depending on the type of formation, grouting can take longer to complete. Moss Well Drilling in Galveston, Indiana, 60 miles north of Indianapolis, has recently found that grouting a gravel formation can be a lengthy process. “Like at Ball State and where we’re drilling in Beavercreek, Ohio, we have to keep going back and the gravel formations keep taking the grout to seal up the formations,” says Frank Graves, vice president and CFO of Moss Well Drilling. “We have to go back like three times just to top the holes off. The formations, when you have lots of gravel and stuff, they keep taking some sand and grout until they’re plugged up. “Basically, most of the time your contractor on the job that you’re working for is inspecting this and making sure these holes are topped, which is a good thing and something we do anyway.” Drilling in karst and limestone formations, Yoder Drilling & Geothermal is finding it needs to seal boreholes in Twitter @WaterWellJournl

NGWA Encourages Use of Geothermal Heat Pumps, Providing Member Diversification Opportunity The National Ground Water Association met with Senator Orrin Hatch (RUtah) recently to discuss geothermal heat pumps and their importance to saving energy and providing jobs. Hatch is a ranking member of the Senate Finance Committee (tax writing), and taxes are expected to be a topic for the “supercommittee” that is looking at deficit reduction. NGWA is working to ensure the continuation of the geothermal heat pump tax credits. Overall, the “supercommittee” is charged with developing a report by November 23 that identifies $1.2 trillion in federal government savings over the next decade. Bill Simmons, NGWA Washington representative, and Cary Smith and Marc Eckels of Sound Geothermal Corp. met with Hatch in August and a follow-up briefing on geothermal heat pump technology was scheduled to take place at the senator’s office in Washington, D.C., in mid-October. Meanwhile, NGWA strongly supports a bill sponsored by Senator Jon Tester (D-Montana) that among other things would establish a geothermal heat pump (GHP) technology research and development program. Senate Bill 1142 seeks to amend the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007. It is cosponsored by Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid (D-Nevada) and Senator Lisa Murkowski (R-Alaska), ranking member of the Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee, which held a hearing on the bill July 12. “We applaud Senator Tester’s efforts and those of Senators Murkowski and Reid to ensure the United States maintains a leadership position in geothermal layers to fill the voids because there is so much fracture and cavernous limestone. “One of the best grouting practices calls for adapting the grouting process to facilitate filling voids,” Yoder says. Yoder is a member of a State Coordinating Committee on Ground Water workgroup that was tasked by the Ohio Water Resources Council to evaluate existing Ohio laws and rules and develop

heat pump technology,” says NGWA Executive Director Kevin McCray, CAE. “Thanks for recognizing that geothermal heat pump technology is smart, a great value, and outstanding stewardship of our natural resources.” The bill would direct the Secretary of Energy to establish a program of research, development, demonstration, and commercial application for GHP technology. The program would award project grants to state and local governments, higher education institutions, nonprofit organizations, utilities, and for-profit companies, including manufacturers. More specifically, the bill seeks to advance GHP technology in areas including: ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

Heat pumps Heat transfer fluids Thermal grouts Drilling methods Geothermal ground loop installation GHP system design Large-scale applications (districts, neighborhoods, communities, large commercial or public buildings, industrial and manufacturing facilities).

The bill would authorize appropriations for fiscal years 2012 through 2016 and require the energy secretary to solicit grant applications 180 days after enactment. NGWA continues to encourage the use of geothermal heat pumps, which provide a diversification opportunity for members especially during difficult economic times while concurrently providing leadership so that systems are properly installed and groundwater is protected. guidance and recommendations deemed necessary to ensure geothermal heating and cooling system installation is done in a manner that protects Ohio water resources. Not just in the Midwest but throughout the country geothermal heat pumps are being installed in increasing numbers due to their high energy efficiency and tax incentives.

GEOTHERMAL GROUTING/continues on page 30 Water Well Journal November 2011 29/

The U.S. Department of Energy states that geothermal heat pumps have the lowest operating costs of all conventional heating/cooling technologies. In 2009, NGWA reported that geothermal heat pump installations increased by more than 33% in each of the last two years reported by the federal government and encourages their use as a member diversification opportunity (see sidebar). Installing open-loop and closed-loop systems for more than 20 years, Moss Well Drilling counteracted the 2008 housing collapse by generating at least a 25% increase in revenue because of the boost in geothermal systems. The small family business that began in 1946 not only survived the down economy but has thrived these past five years, evident with the hiring of four new employees. The majority of its geothermal bids are schools like the middle school in Beavercreek, 10 miles east of Dayton, that calls for 432 boreholes at 250 feet. In a smart business move, before

30/ November 2011 Water Well Journal

Diversify Your Professional Experience, Become a Certified Vertical Closed Loop Driller Today Advances in ground source heat pump technology have emphasized ABILITY the need for a voluntary certification designation for ground source EXPERIENCE KNOWLEDGE heat pump drillers. That’s why NGWA is proud to offer its newest designation, the Certified Vertical Closed Loop Driller (CVCLD). CERTIFIED VERTICAL CLOSED LOOP DRILLER This new designation reflects an individual who has proven knowledge, skills, and experience in the construction of a closed loop well system for ground source heat pump applications. By becoming a CVCLD, you increase your professional expertise and your company’s marketability over your competition. Exams for the CVCLD designation can be scheduled by calling PSI LaserGrade at (800) 211-2754, or (360) 896-9111 outside the United States. The 75-question exam encompasses the skills and competencies reflected on the Geothermal Vertical Closed Loop Drilling Operations DACUM. For more information about the CVCLD certification, visit NGWA’s Web site at www.NGWA.org, scroll to the “Professional Resources” tab and click on “Certifications and exams.” CV CLD

GEOTHERMAL GROUTING/from page 29

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the Ball State project broke ground on May 9, 2009, Moss Well Drilling and two other Indiana drilling companies (Ortman Drilling & Water Services in Kokomo and Dilden Brothers Well Drilling in Lafayette) created a consortium called Triton Geothermal LLC. The consortium handles any projects that call for 10 or more boreholes.

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“We’re still very busy with well drilling, pumps, and water treatment,” Moss says of his company, “but this geothermal work has been a nice makeup with not having new construction. We’re just looking forward to what the future brings and how we’ll be able to stick around for a lot longer because of it.” WWJ

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Expo in Brief

Are You Ready?

T

he National Ground Water Association’s Ground water Expo will take place November 29-December 2 in Las Vegas, Nevada. The event will feature groundwater professionals from all sectors of the industry—water well contractors, scientists and engineers, manufacturers, and suppliers. There will be educational opportunities, networking events, and a packed exhibit hall. Here is a quick glance at some of the other Expo happenings. Register today if you have not already done so!

Get Connected: A Session for New Members, First-Time Attendees, and Volunteers Tuesday, November 29, time to be announced Will this be your first Expo? Are you new to the National Ground Water Association? If so, you’ll want to attend this welcome and orientation session to discover how to make the most of both your Expo experience and your NGWA membership.

The Gun Store Sharpshooter Competition Tuesday, November 29, 9 a.m.–1 p.m. How accurate is your shot? Find out when you shoot a fully automatic machine gun and your choice of handguns. Join your fellow groundwater professionals at The Gun Store and receive a complimentary T-shirt, VIP accommodations, private instruction, and complimentary (nonalcoholic) beverages. Before and after your time at the range, challenge your colleagues to a

game of pinball at the nearby Pinball Hall of Fame. You will have access to more than 200 vintage pinball machines—all of the quarters you put in the machines help support the Las Vegas Salvation Army. (Preregistration and ticket required. Cost is $125. The shuttle to and from The Gun Store and Pinball Hall of Fame begins at 8:30 a.m., departing from the Las Vegas Convention Center.)

Western Rubber & Mfg. is the official sponsor of The Gun Store Sharpshooter Competition.

The Life of Elvis at the Las Vegas Hilton— A Behind-the-Scenes Tour Tuesday, November 29, 1–4 p.m. More people saw Elvis perform at the Las Vegas Hilton than anywhere else in the world. Elvis performed his first show there in 1969 and went on to perform regular engagements at the property for seven years—a total of 837 consecutive sold-out performances in front of 2.5 million people. Enjoy a rare, behind-the-scenes tour of the life of Elvis at the Las Vegas Hilton, the Expo headquarters hotel located next to the convention center. Begin with a backstage tour of the Hilton Theatre, including the private lounge and dressing room that Elvis and his band used. You will continue on to see the industrialsized kitchens used to prepare Elvis’ meals and spontaneous parties, then head up to the top floor of the Hilton where you will explore one of the three Sky Villas, one of the largest suites in the world. Your tour wraps up with a private reception in the Bistro Lounge where you will have the opportunity to reconnect with old friends and make new ones. (Preregistration and ticket required. Cost is $40.)

NGWA Forums Tuesday, November 29, 5–5:45 p.m. These sessions provide those working in all aspects of the groundwater industry with the opportunity to share their knowledge, research, and opinions in a relaxed, roundtable-like format. ● How Can We Protect Groundwater in Developing Nations? ● What Impact Would Federal Infrastructure Spending Have for the Groundwater Industry? ● I’m Considering Diversifying into Geothermal, but I Have These Concerns ● Wouldn’t It Be Great if There Was a Product/Technology That Would…? ● After the Recession Ends: What Additional Changes Will You Make in Your Business? ● How Are You Addressing Water Supply Well Testing with Your Customers? ● High Capacity Pumps Interest Group Discussion ● Economics of Groundwater Interest Group Discussion

Attendee Welcome Party Tuesday, November 29, 6–7:30 p.m.

Open to all Expo attendees, the Attendee Welcome Party is a great way to meet up with old friends and colleagues, as well as make new acquaintances. It’s a great networking opportunity, so make sure to take part. (There is no charge to attend this event, but an Expo registration badge will be required for admission.)

Franklin Electric is the official sponsor of the Attendee Welcome Party.

EXPO AT A GLANCE/continues on page 34 Twitter @WaterWellJournl

Water Well Journal November 2011 33/

EXPO AT A GLANCE/from page 33 MGWCs Breakfast Wednesday, November 30, 7–8 a.m. The Master Ground Water Contractors Breakfast is still a great way for MGWCs to visit with old friends and greet the newest entrants to the ranks of the green jackets. (This is open only to MGWCs and their spouses. Ticket required. The per person cost is $55.)

Keynote Address Wednesday, November 30, 10 a.m.–12 p.m.

Hear Brian Shul, retired Air Force pilot, author, and photographer, as he relates his amazing story of perseverance and triumph over tragedy. His phenomenal comeback from lying near dead in the jungle of Southeast Asia to later flying the world’s fastest, highest flying jet is a remarkable one that has served as an inspiration to many. As a fighter pilot in Vietnam, Shul’s aircraft was shot down near the Cambodian border. Though unable to eject, he survived the crash but sustained serious burn injuries and was told he would never fly again. However, not only did Shul return to the Air Force where he taught at the TOPGUN school, but he was selected to fly the world’s fastest jet, the SR-71 spy plane, an assignment requiring astronaut status. After leaving the military, Shul pursued a career in writing and photography, authoring four popular books on aviation. Today he’s known for his nature photography and is the owner of Gallery One in Marysville, California. Shul’s rare aviation slides, dynamic story, and subtle wit all make for an unforgettable presentation.

Exhibit Hall The Exhibit Hall will be packed with the latest wares of the groundwater industry. The top manufacturers and suppliers will be on thousands of feet of exhibit space in the hall. Make sure you leave plenty of time to be in the Exhibit Hall during the 12 hours it is open. Exhibit Hall hours: Wednesday, November 30, 12–6 p.m. ● Thursday, December 1, 10 a.m.–4 p.m. Before you head to the hall, make sure you grab a program and have a bag for all of your take-home items. You can get both at the on-site registration area. Baroid Industrial Drilling Products is the official sponsor of the on-site registration area. ●

ITT Goulds Pumps is the official sponsor of the Expo on-site program.

2012 McEllhiney Lecture Kickoff Presentation Wednesday, November 30, 1:30–3 p.m. Marvin F. Glotfelty, RG, the cofounder and principal hydrogeologist with Clear Creek Associates, will kick off his 2012 lecture series with his talk, “Life-Cycle Economic Analysis of Water Wells—Considerations for Design and Construction.” Learn how seemingly more expensive initial water well costs may actually pay for themselves in the early life of the well, in addition to providing ongoing dividends in value and economics for many subsequent years. The McEllhiney Lecture Series is underwritten by Franklin Electric Co.

2011 Darcy Lecture Farewell Presentation Wednesday, November 30, 3:30–5 p.m.

Laibe Corp. is the official sponsor of the Keynote and Awards Ceremony. 34/ November 2011 Water Well Journal

Discover how collaboration among scientists and students from the United

States and Benin in Africa has allowed development of increasing insight into the hydrogeology of this important coastal aquifer system in the final Darcy Lecture presentation from Stephen E. Silliman, Ph.D., of the University of Notre Dame. The title of the presentation is “Characterization of a Complex, Sole-Source Aquifer System in Benin, West Africa.” Research efforts to be discussed include numerical modeling, hydraulic testing, water quality characterization, and electrical resistivity surveys.

NGWREF Fundraising Auction Wednesday, November 30, 6–7:30 p.m. There is a new time, location, and format! Taking place in the Exhibit Hall right after the exhibits close, this will still be your opportunity to make a difference! The National Ground Water Research and Educational Foundation’s fundraising auction helps support the groundwater industry, as proceeds benefit the Len Assante Scholarship Fund and the Developing Nations Fund of NGWREF, a charitable organization focused on conducting educational, research, and other activities related to a broader public understanding of groundwater.

General Membership Breakfast Meeting Thursday, December 1, 7–8:30 a.m.

Start your day by joining your fellow NGWA members for breakfast and hearing what this year’s national board candidates have to say, as well as honoring this year’s NGWA Divisional Award winners. (While this members-only event is free, preregistration is encouraged and appreciated.) WellGuard Willis Programs, administrators of the WellGuard property and waterwelljournal.com

headquarters on or before November 2. For more information on this certification and how to apply, contact NGWA Certification Coordinator Jonathan ABILITY EXPERIENCE KNOWLEDGE Jenkins at (800) 5517379 or CERTIFIED (614) 898-7791, ext. 511, or e-mail jjenkins@ngwa.org. (Please note that four hours are allocated for this combination essay and multiple-choice exam; please plan accordingly as you must complete the exam within this time period.) MG

WC

casualty insurance program, is the official sponsor of the General Membership Breakfast Meeting

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Las Vegas Architectural Tour Thursday, December 1, 9 a.m.–12 p.m. Las Vegas is known for eye-popping architecture, but few experience the treasures off the Strip. This tour includes some of those hidden gems and some well-know landmarks. Stops include the City Center, the Lou Ruvo Brain Clinic, and the historic Scotch 80’s development, an upscale neighborhood and home to Mayor Oscar Goodman, entertainer Jerry Lewis, and casino mogul Steve Wynn. (Preregistration and ticket required. Cost is $65. The shuttle departs from and returns to the Las Vegas Convention Center.)

Two-Year Aquifer Test of the Great Basin Aquifer Field Trip December 2, 8 a.m.–5 p.m.

If you’ve been chosen as a delegate, be sure to attend this meeting and let your voice be heard by casting your ballot for the NGWA Board of Directors candidate of your choice. Delegate registration Please note that you must register onsite at the Delegates Registration Desk and pick up the appropriate credentials at least 15 minutes prior to the start of the meeting. The desk will be open: ● Tuesday, November 29, 12–4 p.m. ● Wednesday, November 30, 12–5 p.m. ● Thursday, December 1, 8:30 a.m.–3:45 p.m.

MGWC Certification Exam Testing Friday, December 2, 7:30–11:30 a.m. To reserve a seat for this exam, eligible individuals must complete and submit an application for receipt at NGWA

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New Products Showcase Seeing the hottest new groundwater industry products, services, and technologies is easy to do at the New Products Showcase. The showcase will feature information and details about the newest items in the groundwater industry. Look for it in the pre-function area right outside of the Exhibit Hall. Tibban.com/Home of the MudPuppy is the official sponsor of the New Products Showcase.

Complimentary Shuttle Transportation

Delegates Meeting Thursday, December 1, 4–6 p.m.

cooled, released to the Muddy River, and then discharged to the Colorado River system and Lake Mead. Preregistration and ticket required— cost on or before October 28 is $75; thereafter $95. The field trip departs from and returns to the Las Vegas Hilton.

In the early 1980s, the U.S. Air Force drilled wells into rural areas of Nevada and Utah to locate water for the proposed intercontinental ballistic missile system. Some of these wells penetrated the Carbonate-Rock Aquifer System in the Great Basin. The Southern Nevada Water Authority (SNWA) acquired one of these wells, MX5, along with groundwater rights, to augment water resources for the Las Vegas area. The first stop of the field trip will be at the point of diversion, where the Las Vegas Valley Water District operates MX5, the treatment plant, and the pumping system. The trip will then track the groundwater through the conveyance system of Moapa Valley Water District. Along the way, you will explore the natural area of warm springs fed by the regional carbonate aquifer, creating the headwaters of the Muddy River and the exclusive home to the endangered Moapa dace. From the Moapa Valley National Wildlife Refuge, the tour will continue along the waters’ route to the Muddy Valley Irrigation Co.’s Bowman Reservoir, where the developed groundwater is naturally

For your added convenience, complimentary shuttle service between the conference hotel and the convention center will be available during Expo hours. Jet-Lube Inc. is the official sponsor of the 2011 NGWA Ground Water Expo shuttle service.

Early riser? No problem! Are you a morning person? That’s no problem at the Ground Water Expo. NGWA will be hosting an Early Riser Knowledge Café on Tuesday, November 29, from 5:30-7 a.m. in the Las Vegas Hilton. Network with other Expo attendees who are also ready to start the day before the Expo’s activities kick off. Coffee, tea, and juice as well as baked goods and fruit will be provided. Look in the Expo program for location details.

Water Well Journal November 2011 35/

2011 Ground Water Expo Exhibitors

H

ere is a listing of the companies that will be in the Exhibit Hall at the 2011 Ground Water Expo, November 29–December in Las Vegas, Nevada. The list is as of October 3, 2011. 101 Pipe & Casing Inc. AA Rotating Apparatus Aardvark Packers LLC ABSMaterials Inc. Acker Drill Co. AdEdge Technologies Inc. Advance E & I Systems Inc. Alloy Screen Works Alturnamats Inc. Amarillo Gear Co. American Granby Inc. American Ground Water Trust American Manufacturing Co. American West Windmill & Solar Co. American-Marsh Pumps Ametek US Gauge Amiad Filtration Systems Amistco Separation Products Inc. AMS Inc.

Amtrol Inc. Analytical Technology Inc. A.O. Smith Electrical Products A.O. Smith Water Systems Applied Research Associates Inc. Vertek Division Aquatel NZ Ltd Aries/CCV Engineering & Manufacturing Armored Textiles Inc. Armstrong Machine Co. Inc. Astec Underground Atlas Copco CMT USA A.Y. McDonald Manufacturing. Co.

Bit Brokers International/ Drilling-Gifts.com Bitco Inc. Black Dog Industries LLC Boshart Industries Inc. Bucks Geophysical Corp.

Baker Water Systems— Campbell, Monitor, and Monoflex Baroid Industrial Drilling Products Baski Inc. BAT Geosystems AB Bay Geophysical Inc. Bear Industrial Supply & Manufacturing Ben Meadows Better Water Industries Inc. Bigfoot Manufacturing Co.

Campbell Scientific Cardno ERI Carmeuse Industrial Sands Cascade Controls NW Centennial Plastics Center Rock Inc. Centerline Manufacturing Central Mine Equipment Co. CertainTeed Corp. Cerus Industrial Corp. CETCO Drilling Products Charger Water Treatment Products ChemGrout Inc. Clean Earth Technology Inc. ClimateMaster Inc. Coleman Cable Inc. Compression Leasing Services Inc. Cotey Chemical Corp. Cresline Plastic Pipe Co. Inc.

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Circle card no. 37

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C.R.I. Pumps (Pvt) Ltd. CSI Water Treatment Systems Cycle Stop Valves Danfoss VLT Drives Decagon Devices Inc. Delta Screen & Filtration Design Water Technologies Diedrich Drill Inc. Drill King International LP DrillingWorld Drillmax Inc. Drill-Safe.com Duramast Industries Inc. Dynamic Supply Ltd. Dynotek East West Machinery Exporting Eastern Drillers Manufacturing Co. Inc. ECT Manufacturing Inc. Ed Livingston Sales Co. Emco Wheaton Retail Corp. Enoscientific Environmental Manufacturing Inc. Environmental Service Products LLC ESP Environmental Service Products Flatwater Fleet Inc. Flexcon Industries

Flint & Walling Inc. Flomatic Corp. Flow Center Products Inc. Flow Sleeve Flowserve Pump Division Foremost Industries LP Forestry Suppliers Inc. Franklin Electric GEFCO GenPro Energy Solutions LLC Geo Air Industries.com Geo-Loop Inc. GeoPro Inc. Geoprobe Systems GeRocFor Geosierra Environmental Inc. Geotech Environmental Equipment Inc. Geothermal Supply Co. Getec Inc. Gicon Pumps & Equipment Givens International Drilling Supplies GP Fiberglass Graver Technologies—MetSorb Groundswell Technologies Inc. Group Transportation Services Inc. Grundfos Pumps Corp. Gus Pech Manufacturing Co. Inc.

H2Optimal Inc. Hach Hydromet Halco Rock Tools Hanna Instruments USA Happy Feet Hanson’s Water Treatment Heron Instruments Higgins Rig Co. Hitachi America Ltd. Hoeptner Perfected Products Hose Solutions Hydroflo Pumps USA Inc. Ideal Clamp Products Inc. Indar Maquinas Hidraulicas S.L. Industrial Test Systems Inc. Infinity Tool Mfg. Inflatable Packers International In-Situ Inc. Instrumentation Northwest Inc. International Pipe In-Well Technologies ISCO Industries ITT/Goulds Pumps/Red Jacket Jainson Insulation Pvt.Ltd. Jet-Lube Inc. Johnson Screens

EXHIBITORS/continues on page 38

Waterwell Camera Inspection Systems

• Portable, Truck or Trailer mounted. • Retrofit compatible with Laval and most geophysical logging winches. • Full repair service and spare parts for CCV, Boretech, Wellcam and Laval cameras and controllers. • Forward and 360 degree side wall viewing color cameras. • Depths to 5,000 feet.

Contact us for details 800-671-0383 • 559-291-0383 Fax: 559-291-0463 E-mail: jim.lozano@ariesccv.com On the web at www.ariesccv.com

CCV Engineering & Manufacturing An Aries Industries Company 5748 E. Shields Avenue, Fresno, CA 93727

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Circle card no. 6

Circle card no. 44

Water Well Journal November 2011 37/

EXHIBITORS/from page 37 Kalas Manufacturing Karlington Electric Inc. Keller America Inc. Kelly Pipe Co. Kemtron Technologies Inc. King Oil Tools K & K Supply Inc./ Custom Pipe & Coupling Korea Ground Water Association KPSI Transducers Pressure Systems kwik-ZIP Laibe Corp. Lakos Separators & Filtration Systems Laval Underground Surveys Layne Christensen Co. L.B. Foster Co. Legend Valve & Fitting Inc. Liberty Pumps Maass Midwest Manufacturing Inc. Marks Products Inc. Marl Technologies Inc. Maxidrill International Merrill Manufacturing Co. M-I Swaco Mid America Water Treatment Mid-America Pump & Supply

Midsun Speciality Products Inc. Mid-Western LLC Mills Machine Co. Milspec Industries Mincon Inc. Mitsubishi Materials USA Mobile Drill LLC Morris Industries Inc. Motor Controls Inc. Mount Sopris Instruments Mud Technology International Inc. Mudslayer Manufacturing Murphys Water Well Bits Nastec srl National Driller National Oilwell Varco National Pump Co. National Well Supplies Co. Inc. NGWA Publications North Houston Machine Inc. Northwest Flattanks Novatek/WaterGroup Numa

Penny Pockets Ltd. Pentair Water Phase Technologies LLC Precision Geothermal Inc. Pro Products LLC Probe-Lease Process Measurement & Controls Inc. Proheat/Teleflex Pullmaster Winch Corp. Pulsafeeder Inc. Pulstar Mfg Inc. QSP Packers LLC Quick Tanks Inc. Rauch Manufacturing Ravensgate Corp. Red Flint Sand & Gravel Regency Wire and Cable Rig Source Inc. Robbco Pumps Inc. Robertson Geologging Rockmore International Rock-Tech International LLC Roscoe Moss Manufacturing Co.

Orenco Controls Salvadore Auctions & Appraisals Inc. Schlumberger Water Services Schneider Electric

Paige Electric Co. LP Palmer Bit Co.

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Schramm Inc. Scorpion Oil Tools SEMCO Inc. Service Wire Co. Shakti Pumps India Ltd. Shin Sung Industry Sigmund Lindner GmbH Silver-Line Plastics SIMCO Drilling Equipment Simmons Manufacturing Co. Sinclair Well Products & Services SJE-Rhombus SMP Pumps SME USA Inc. Snyder Industries Inc. Solar Power and Pump Co. Solinst Canada Ltd. Sonic Drill Corp. Southwire Stairs Industrial Co. Ltd. Star Iron Works Inc. Stenner Pump Co. Sterling Water Treatment Stratex/Hyduke Machining Solutions Structural Composite Sulzer Pumps Sumoto Srl Swiss Pump Company AG

TAM International Inc. Technogenia TECO-Westinghouse Motor Co. Tesla srl Thompson International Inc. Tianjin Lilin Petroleum Machinery Co. Tibban Manufacturing Inc. Titan Industries Tube Technologies Inc. Unimin Corp. Unitra Inc. USExploration Equipment Co. U.S. Motors/Nidec Motor Corp. Vermeer Corp. V & H Inc. Trucks Victory Steel Products Water Quality Association Water-Right Inc. Water Systems Council WaterSoft Inc. Watts Water Quality Webtrol Pumps Weldco-Beales Manufacturing Welenco Water Well Technology Well Pumps s.a.

WellGuard Insurance Program WellMagic WellMate and American Plumber Well-Vu Cameras Western Rubber & Manufacturing Wilo USA LLC Windmill 702 LLC Winger Machine & Tool WLS Drilling Products Wolf Pumps Woodford Manufacturing World Hope International WorldWide Drilling Resource Wyo-Ben Inc. Xitech Instruments Inc. Yaskawa Electric America YSI Inc. Zilmet USA Zonge International Inc.

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Water Well Journal November 2011 39/

NGWA Ground Water Expo and Annual Meeting November 29-December 2, 2011 s Las Vegas, Nevada s USA COMPANY INFORMATION

On or before October 28

Beginning October 29

A. NGWA member/B. spouse (fee per person)

$145

$225

A. Nonmember/B. spouse (fee per person)

$250

$350

FEES/OPTIONS (U.S. FUNDS) Expo registration fees

Company name Mailing address City

State/Province

$35

$55

Country

Zip/Postal Code

D. Manufacturer (nonexhibiting) First registrant

$1,000

$1,000

Telephone

Fax

D. Manufacturer (nonexhibiting) Additional registrant

$250

$250

E. Child (17 and under)

Free

Free

C. Student—full-time (ID required)

PRIMARY MEMBERSHIP DIVISION

REGISTRANT 2

REGISTRANT 1

___ Water well contractor/ pump installer ___ Scientist/engineer/hydrologist ___ Supplier/distributor/wholesaler

(please mark one) ___ Manufacturer representative ___ Manufacturer (nonexhibiting) ___ Student (school name and ID#) _______________________

NGWA membership # NAME AS IT SHOULD APPEAR ON BADGE E-mail Circle registration option(s): A B C D E F G H I J K L M N

REGISTRANT 1 TOTAL FEES: _________________________________

NGWA membership # NAME AS IT SHOULD APPEAR ON BADGE

Friday workshops There are no additional fees for these offerings, but preregistration is strongly encouraged so the correct amount of course materials are available. F. Bidding and Estimating: Critical Tools for Effective Business Management

Free

Free

G. Understanding and Negotiating DOT Issues and Requirements for the Groundwater Industry

Free

Free

H. How Professionals Avoid Potential Pitfalls on Geothermal Projects

Free

Free

Optional events Preregistration is encouraged for all optional events, even if there is no charge, as seating is limited. I. Two-Year Aquifer Test of the Great Basin $75 $95 Carbonate Aquifer Field Trip

J. General Membership Breakfast Meeting (members only)

Free

Free

K. MGWCs breakfast (open only to MGWCs and guests) (fee per person)

$35

$55

L. The Gun Store Sharpshooter Competition

$95

$125

M. The Life of Elvis at the Las Vegas Hilton— A Behind-the-Scenes Tour

$30

$40

N. Las Vegas Architectural Tour

$50

$65

E-mail

Baroid Industrial Drilling Products is the official sponsor of the Expo on-site registration area.

Circle registration option(s): A B C D E F G H I J K L M N

REGISTRANT 2 TOTAL FEES: _________________________________

If you are registering more than two attendees, please make copies of this form.

Refund policy—a $25 cancellation fee per registrant applies to all refund requests made on or before November 4, 2011; no refunds will be issued on or after November 5, 2011.

Join NGWA today and save on the registration fees for Expo by calling 800 551.7379 (614 898.7791 outside the United States) Monday through Friday 8 a.m.-5 p.m. ET. By virtue of registering to attend this NGWA event, you grant NGWA full rights to use any photos/videos/recordings containing your likeness taken during the routine business course of the event, by NGWA or its official representatives, to be used in any future promotional endeavors of NGWA and its affiliates, without any further notification or expectation of compensation.

Phone/ Call with credit card, 800 551.7379 or 614 898.7791 Fax/ Send registration form to 614 898.7786 Online/ Fill out registration form online at www.NGWA.org/expo Mail-in deadline: November 4, 2011 Mail/ Send registration form to: National Ground Water Association Attn: Registrations PO Box 715435 Columbus OH 43271-5435

FEES: GRAND TOTAL (U.S. FUNDS) $ ___________________________ METHOD OF PAYMENT: Check or money order ❑ (payable to NGWA) Check # ______________________ Charge: ❑ MasterCard ❑ Visa ❑ American Express ❑ Discover Card #

Expiration date

Cardholder’s name Signature WWJ OCT 2011

40/ November 2011 Water Well Journal

waterwelljournal.com

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By Ed Butts, PE, CPI

Groundwater Treatment Part 3(a): Disinfection—Chlorination

D

isinfection is the process used to kill or otherwise deactivate harmful microorganisms, often referred to as pathogens, in water which have the potential of causing disease, the primary concern generally for human beings. As opposed to sterilization, which is used to destroy all microorganisms, disinfection is used strictly for the purpose of rendering pathogens incapable of causing disease, either through outright destruction of the pathogen itself or by deactivating the ability of the pathogen to reproduce and multiply. Disinfection can be accomplished using many different methods. However, all of the most common methods will typically fall into one of the three following types: 1. Disinfection using heat (boiling of water, distillation) 2. Disinfection using radiation (ultraviolet) 3. Disinfection using chemical methods (chlorination, ozone, iodine). As shown above, although there are many various forms and types of disinfection methods, the primary methods we are mainly concerned with are those that are used for groundwater supplies and are therefore the methods to which we will limit our discussion—namely chlorination, ultraviolet, and ozone. Ed Butts, PE, CPI, is the chief engineer at 4B Engineering & Consulting, Salem, Oregon. He has more than 35 years experience in the water well business, specializing in engineering and business management. He can be reached at epbpe@juno.com.

42/ November 2011 Water Well Journal

Because the use of chlorination involves so much detailed discussion, we will split the topic of disinfection into two parts. Chlorination will be discussed this month in Part 3(a) while ultraviolet and ozone will be discussed in Part 3(b) next month.

Chlorination Chlorination is by far the most common method used for disinfection of drinking water supplies. The controversy regarding the continued use of chlorine as a disinfecting agent for potable water systems has resulted in a strong, as well as divisive, argument over the past several decades. Historically, chlorine has been used as the primary means to disinfect potable water supplies since the early 1900s and is still the most common disinfectant used in water treatment. The current use of chlorine for water systems can basically be divided into two distinct purposes: 1. As a primary full-time disinfectant for potable and wastewater supplies 2. As a short-term disinfection agent for “shock” or temporary disinfection of wells, water lines, reservoirs, and other water facilities during or after construction, repair, or maintenance. The effectiveness of chlorination as a disinfecting agent is highly dependent on several factors—pH, water temperature, turbidity or cloudiness of the water, interfering agents such as iron or manganese, chlorine strength, and the contact time.

History of Chlorine as a Disinfectant Chlorine has been used as the primary means of disinfecting water supplies since the early part of the 20th century. The first permanent chlorination facility in the world was built in 1902 in Belgium. The first recorded major U.S. city to practice chlorination of its water supply was Jersey City, New Jersey, in 1908. The dramatic drop of incidents of typhoid and other waterborne diseases were quickly attributed to the extended use of chlorine as a disinfecting agent during this period. Chlorination continued to be used as the primary choice for water disinfection throughout the 20th century until the 1980s when concern regarding the resistance to chlorine by giardia and cryptosporidium, two common surface waterborne parasites, was revealed. In addition, in 1974 researchers discovered that trihalomethanes, a class of contaminants containing a suspected carcinogen (chloroform), were formed in drinking water as a result of chlorinating water that contained natural organic matter. Since most surface water supplies are known to often contain levels of natural organic matter, this created widespread concern, especially given the fact that most large cities in the United States had traditionally used surface water as their primary source of drinking water for decades.

Chlorine’s Advantages Even with these concerns, chlorine has remained to this day as the primary

ENGINEERING/continues on page 44 waterwelljournal.com

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ENGINEERING/from page 42 means of disinfecting potable water supplies due to its many advantages—solubility in water; overall effectiveness; ease of application; relative safety; its unique property of maintaining an active residual in water that can be verified, monitored, and controlled; and to many people, its primary advantage of low cost. Even with the recent and rapid advances in the use of ozone and ultraviolet light for water and wastewater treatment, chlorine remains one of the most effective methods in current use that can adequately and predictably destroy most waterborne pathogenic (harmful) bacteria and viruses. In addition to the use of chlorine as a disinfectant, chlorine is also a powerful oxidant that is often used to control algae, oxidize iron and manganese, destroy hydrogen sulfide, control biological growth, and remove many taste and odor problems. Chlorine is commercially available in three basic forms: an aqueous type (chlorine gas) and the two hypochlorites (sodium hypochlorite and calcium hypochlorite). Each of these forms has its own advantages and disadvantages

44/ November 2011 Water Well Journal

and the pros and cons associated with each type must be evaluated based on the proposed application and use.

Chlorine Gas Chlorine gas is most often used by larger municipalities, those that typically use more than 10-20 pounds per day of chlorine due to its relative higher risk in handling, injecting, and storing. It is available in full (100%) strength and is usually introduced into a system using a method of vacuum withdrawal with an arrangement in which chlorine gas is removed from a prefilled cylinder (containing 100 up to 2000 pounds of chlorine gas), followed by injection directly into the point of application. Chlorine gas is rarely used for the routine disinfection of wells and water lines, except in applications requiring large quantities of chlorine such as a large diameter well, a long pipeline, or deep/difficult well rehabilitation.

Sodium Hypochlorite Sodium hypochlorite is the most popular form of chlorine used for the disinfection of water and wastewater supplies. It is often referred to as bleach or liquid bleach, and is commercially

Circle card no. 52

available in strengths of 1%, 5.25%, 10%, 12.5%, 15%, and 30% as a chlorine product. This means that one gallon of a 12.5% sodium hypochlorite solution will typically contain close to the equivalent of one pound of chlorine. Commonly available liquid bleach, such as Clorox and Purex, is usually sold as 5.25% sodium hypochlorite. Sodium hypochlorite can also be generated on-site by using specialized equipment that produces a weak, but fairly stable, chlorine solution (0.8%) from salt or, in some cases, brine or seawater. In this process, liquid chlorine is created by exposing the salt or saline water to an electrolytic arc that results in a solution of sodium hypochlorite plus some off-gassing of a chlorine vapor. This equipment is currently becoming popular, is in use in many water systems throughout the country, and represents a viable alternative to the use of gaseous chlorine, especially in residential or populated areas where concerns over the potential accidental release of gaseous chlorine is always present. Commercially available sodium hypochlorite in the 5%-12% solution strength range has a very limited shelf life (often losing up to 50% of its

waterwelljournal.com

Figure 1. Effect of pH on chlorine.

strength in less than six months) and is prone to off-gassing and problems with controlling a stable mixture strength, especially in applications using “neat� or full strength solutions and in warmer weather climates. In most cases, for optimum control of sodium hypochlorite solutions, batch mixtures should be limited to a 7-10 day maximum cycle (turnover) and should be mixed within a range of a 5%-50% (5000-50,000 mg/L) solution strength.

Calcium Hypochlorite An alternative to the on-site generation of sodium hypochlorite is also available using calcium hypochlorite. This system uses pre-manufactured, compressed tablets consisting of 30%80% of chlorine as calcium hypochlorite with an inert binder. Water is allowed to flow through or over the tablets, causing a slow but predictable dissolving process which results in a weak, but fairly stable, solution of hypochlorite. Another method of introducing calcium hypochlorite involves the dropped introduction of chlorine pellets or small tablets directly into a well or basin. This type of system operates using a pre-programmed timer/motor which drives a rotating disc with openings just large enough to permit individual pellets to fall through the openings and down into the well. The operator can select the frequency and number of chlorine pellets to be dropped into a particular well, based on the adjustment of the disc slots and timer. This type of chlorinator system is generally used to help with the control of iron bacteria and hydrogen sulfide in water wells by maintaining an active chlorine residual in the well itself and not as a primary or reliable means of providing disinfection of a water system. Twitter @WaterWellJournl

Calcium hypochlorite, just as with sodium hypochlorite, has its own unique set of limitations and potential problems. Due to the calcium component within calcium hypochlorite, there is a much greater potential of plugging of the feed lines, pumps, and injection points occurring due to precipitation. This is especially prevalent in systems with higher pH levels (above 7.5) or water conditions conducive to calcium precipitation. In addition, calcium hypochlorite solutions must be constantly agitated and mixed to prevent calcium cycles of rebinding and precipitation. Both types of hypochlorite, when mixed with water to form a chlorine solution, can be adversely affected and weakened from many contaminants, such as iron or hardness, in the water supply. In many cases, a water softener or other form of pre-treatment must be used to create the solution feed water supply. All of these systems, however, represent a reasonable alternative to gas chlorine, especially in water systems with fairly low chlorine demands or where the use of chlorine gas represents an unacceptable safety risk. The most important factor when considering the use of chlorine for constant disinfection of a potable or wastewater system is to apply the proper form of chlorine for the dosage and volume needed, always considering all safety aspects (including the location of the facility), and the level of skill and experience of the individuals who will be operating and maintaining the system.

How Does Chlorine Do Its Job? When chlorine is added to water at pH values between 4-7, two compounds known as residual fractions are rapidly formed, hypochlorous acid and hydrochloric acid. Above a pH level of around 7.5, hypochlorous acid begins to break down to elemental hydrogen along with a hypochlorite ion. The distribution of each compound depends on the water’s pH, with hypochlorous acid predominant at pH levels below 7.5 and the hypochlorite ion predominant at pH levels higher than 7.5. With the possible exception of chlorine dioxide, hypochlorous acid is the most effective disinfecting agent of all

the chlorine compounds. The proportion of hypochlorous acid is commonly known in the water treatment field as free available chlorine residual, which is easily measured through use of a titration test where the level of free chlorine is determined via color comparison against a known standard. Although it is a relatively weak acid, the germicidal effectiveness of hypochlorous acid is due to the relative ease with which it can penetrate the cell walls of parasitic bacteria and viruses. Conversely, the hypochlorite ion is a relatively poor disinfectant; therefore, effective disinfection at levels above 7.5 diminishes rapidly and above a pH of 9.0 becomes very low. Chlorine is a unique and somewhat contradictory chemical when used for common water treatment, while the most efficient disinfection will generally occur at pH levels between 5.0-6.5, where hypochlorous acid is 90%-95% efficient. However, as a biocide agent the oxidative strength of chlorine occurs at higher pH values (Figure 1). Since maintaining a lower pH level just for effective disinfection is usually impractical due to concerns over possible corrosion issues, a compromise using higher levels of chlorine with adequate contact time must be employed. Also, while the use of chlorine gas can lower pH, solutions of chlorine, in the form of sodium and calcium hypochlorite, are alkaline chemicals that usually raise pH. For example, a 50 mg/L strength of chlorine, when mixed into water with a natural pH of 7.1, can elevate the pH to as much as 7.6, depending on the buffering capacity (alkalinity) of the water. This potential impact on pH must be considered when designing a chlorination system, as a higher pH level will dramatically lower the biocide effectiveness of chlorine, sometimes to the point of ineffective disinfection. Although there is still some disagreement as to exactly how chlorine works, it is believed that the mechanism of chlorine as a disinfecting agent is due to what chlorine does to a contaminant on a cellular level. As with most chemical disinfecting agents, chlorine appears to enter the cell wall of the contaminant and, depending on the specific organism, affects one or more of the enzyme

ENGINEERING/continues on page 46 Water Well Journal November 2011 45/

ENGINEERING/from page 45 systems within the contaminant, which then results in deactivation of the organism or an inability to reproduce. In the case of most bacteria, chlorine is believed to cause an adverse reaction to the respiratory, transport, and/or nucleic acid component of the bacteria strain, while with viruses, chlorine causes deactivation of the protein coat of the virus. In any event, for inactivation to occur, the disinfecting agent must have the proper dosage, adequate time, and the right chemical and environmental conditions for the disinfectant to be able to penetrate the organism’s cell wall, then seek out and disrupt the interior functions of the contaminant in order to work effectively. For chlorine, this relationship of time and the right environmental conditions is referred to as contact time, more commonly referred to as “CT” values. CT values vary depending on the specific organism, the temperature and pH of the water, and the chlorine dosage. The coliform group of bacteria generally requires less CT values than other organisms such as Giardia lamblia (giardia). For this reason, current water quality regulations in the United States require a disinfectant to provide a 99.9% (3-log) inactivation for giardia organisms and a 99.99% (4-log) inactivation for viruses. Because giardia requires longer CT values than bacteria or viruses with chlorine, a system with adequate effectiveness against giardia will almost certainly deactivate any bacteria and viruses also present. As an example, in order to deactivate greater than 99.6% of E. coli bacteria at a pH level of 7.0 will require a contact time of around 3 minutes, using a free available chlorine (FAC) level of .05 mg/L, while at a pH level of 8.5, this same level of FAC will require 20 minutes of contact time for the same level of deactivation. A full discussion of calculating CT values is beyond the scope of this article but, needless to say, it is vital for anyone associated with the disinfection of drinking water to understand the methods of calculating the correct CT value for the system in question. The stakes to health are simply too great to do otherwise. As opposed to many other systems, determining the actual contact time 46/ November 2011 Water Well Journal

within a pipeline is a relatively easy task and is accomplished by simply dividing the volume of the pipeline length by the flow rate; this is often referred to as “plug flow.” Calculating the actual contact time in a reservoir or basin, however, is more complicated due to the possible short-circuiting of water within the storage vessel caused by temperature differences, stratifications, and induced currents within the reservoir itself. Tracer studies using a dye or a specific inert chemical, such as fluoride or phosphates, are often used to determine the actual contact time in this type of structure. Calculating the appropriate CT value is simply a matter of multiplying the level of chlorine by the contact time with the water before delivery to the first customer. Another factor known to potentially hinder effective chlorination is the physical state of the treated water. Water with high levels of turbidity (cloudiness or dirtiness) or suspended material can have an adverse effect as the material could interfere with the disinfection process by either “hiding” the offending pathogens from the chlorine or impose an additional chemical demand on the chlorine, possibly resulting in insufficient remaining levels for disinfection. All natural waters have some type of accumulated need for chlorine, which is usually based on background levels of turbidity, iron, manganese, hydrogen sulfide, and other constituents that must be considered when applying chlorine for disinfection. The combined effect of these constituents is called the chlorine demand of the water, which must be calculated for each individual application. Finally, for optimum performance and disinfection, chlorine, regardless of type, should always be applied in direct proportion to the flow rate and adequate mixing should be employed just beyond the point of injection.

Chlorinating Water Wells In the previous section, I introduced the history and background of the use of chlorine for full-time injection and for use in potable and wastewater systems. In this section, we will explore the many ways chlorine, in its various forms, is used for water well disinfection and maintenance. Before we begin, however, I wish to

reiterate a warning I have used before. Working with any chemical, including chlorine, is a specialized and potentially hazardous task requiring the proper training and education. No individual should be allowed to work with or around any chemical in any way unless they have received the required training and are using the appropriate safety equipment. Application of chemicals in water wells or pipelines, especially any form of chlorine and acids, are known to liberate fumes and vapors, as well as generate possible explosive hazards, which can be very dangerous to health. Proper safeguards and ventilation must be used whenever working with chemicals in water wells or in any enclosed area. That said, for those of us in the water well business, there is perhaps no more important use of chlorine than when it is needed to disinfect or rehabilitate new or old wells. The previous discussion regarding the critical relationship between pH, temperature, and chlorine levels is just as important to consider when chlorinating a well as it is when using chlorine for full-time disinfection. In most well applications, we are attempting to rid the well of two separate, but often coincidental, problems: 1. Coliform bacteria and viruses 2. Iron and manganese scale, hydrogen sulfide.

Coliform Bacteria and Viruses Although this portion refers primarily to coliform bacteria and viruses, for basic reference I am also including any pathogenic (harmful) parasites, such as giardia, cryptosporidium (crypto), or any other parasites that may fall within this category. When present, parasites such as giardia are generally found in surface water sources, shallow wells under the influence of surface water, or wells with inferior seals with exposure to shallow water. Typically, their physical size and living environment will usually result in their removal long before they can reach deeper groundwater sources. However, they have been detected in deep wells where logic would have dictated they should not have been. Wells that are known to have inferior or shallow sanitary seals or those that

ENGINEERING/continues on page 48 waterwelljournal.com

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ENGINEERING/from page 46 extract water from shallow locally recharged sources, such as rivers or streams, are particularly vulnerable. The presence of any giardia, crypto, or other common surface water parasite in a properly constructed deep groundwater well should immediately cause the grout seal, well casing, or source of water to be suspect. In fact, the presence of these parasites in a groundwater well is so rare that routine examination for these contaminants is not usually performed. The ever continuing competition for water, however, is creating conditions in some areas where the possibility of someday encountering these contaminants will increase, especially in regions served by very shallow wells recharged by surface water in areas with heavy wildlife traffic. Unfortunately, there is currently no easy procedure for determining the presence of parasites, and testing is generally performed by using an expensive and time-consuming microscopic examination. Therefore, these tests are often not performed, even when the cause is suspect. Because the possibility of giardia or crypto contamination is fairly remote for most wells, for the purposes of this article we shall limit the majority of our discussion of pathogens to bacteria and viruses. The use of chlorine to deactivate or kill potentially harmful bacteria and viruses in water wells is well documented. Chlorine has been used as the primary chemical for routine well disinfection for decades and continues to be the chemical of choice for most routine well disinfection procedures. Chlorine is one of the most versatile and effective chemicals for the deactivation of coliform bacteria and viruses. When we examine a well for sanitary quality, we generally perform a test for the presence of coliform bacteria. The total coliform group of bacteria is the most common method used to determine the acceptability of a water source for several reasons. First of all, although coliform bacteria are numerous in nature, they are typically absent in uncontaminated, clean water supplies but are commonly found in large volumes in contaminated water supplies. Secondly, the coliform groups are relatively easy to identify and quantify by using common and widely ac48/ November 2011 Water Well Journal

Figure 2. Shock procedure for disinfecting drilled wells at 100 mg/L +.

cepted tests. Thirdly, total coliform is always present when the more serious pathogenic organisms are present. Even though most coliform bacteria are actually harmless to humans, their presence in water provides an “indication” that more serious and potentially harmful coliform group bacteria may also be present. This is the reason why coliform bacteria are often referred to as an “indicator bacteria.” Generally, there are three groups of coliform bacteria that are examined in water well work: total coliform, fecal coliform, and E. coli. The presence of total coliform, by itself, does not necessarily mean that the source is contaminated, but it does indicate that one or more of the more serious types of bacteria, such as fecal or E. coli bacteria, may be present. In most cases, when total coliform is detected, additional tests are performed to verify either the presence or absence of fecal or E. coli bacteria. As I previously indicated, I do not believe that continuous chlorination should be used as a permanent solution to a fecal or E. coli bacteria problem, unless there is no other alternative. Even then, additional precautions such as a chlorine residual monitor should be used as a secondary level of protection. At the most, chlorination should be used as an interim measure for the control of fecal or E. coli bacteria until a more reliable and permanent solution is found, such as well redrilling or replacement. The risk of illness is simply too great to depend totally on chlorine for the removal of fecal or E. coli bacteria. In addition, well systems that demonstrate a return of any coliform bacteria following a successful negative test

should be suspect and the cause thoroughly investigated. The coliform group of bacteria, as a type of bacteria commonly found in nature, will often be present in new wells and wells that recently received repair. Introduction of coliform bacteria can occur from tools, drilling fluids, drill pipe, pumps, drop pipe, wire, and the list goes on. Basically, anything exposed to the natural atmosphere that can come in contact with anything going down the well can cause the introduction of bacteria into the well. Essentially, there are two basic avenues that can result in the introduction of coliform bacteria into a well. One is original drilling and pump installation processes. The other is well or pump repair. While these may sound like the same process, in reality they are two completely different procedures. Original drilling processes include the activities related to the original construction of the well, including the original pump installation. This represents the first and usually most severe exposure of the well to bacterial contamination. Because there are so many variables and available ways to introduce bacteria into the system, the original well construction can often be the cause of an ongoing bacteria problem that can last for years. First of all, it is imperative that all water used in the drilling process be potable or, at the very least, free from any bacteria or viruses. Pre-chlorination should be done for all water used during drilling and before it is introduced into the well. Also, it is not enough to trust that water used for drilling obtained

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ENGINEERING/from page 48 from a neighboring well is free from bacteria. A proper dose of chlorine (at least 50 mg/L) should be applied to any water entering the well, regardless of the source. In addition, tools and equipment lying on the ground or the bed of a service truck also represent excellent paths for bacteria or viral contamination. This equipment should be kept as dry and clean as possible, covered until needed, and washed down with a chlorinated solution before placing into the well. This procedure, as laborious as it sounds, includes items such as drill rods, bits, and well casings. Although the original well construction represents the first and easiest path for well contamination, I personally believe that a well or pump repair is the most frequent cause for bacterial contamination of a well. This is due to the dirty working environment, opening of the well to the atmosphere and environment, the large amount of equipment usually placed on the ground during repair that is removed from and reinstalled in the well, and, most importantly, the fairly rapid and stressed environment present during this work. Usually, the drillers or pump men performing this work are under a time pressure to get the well operating again, applied from the homeowners and their own supervisors. This time pressure often results in skipping routine steps of disinfection

they may usually follow during a new installation. They may be apprehensive to introduce chlorine into the system that will prevent the homeowners from immediately using the water after the pump is installed, fearing complaints from the homeowners. The key is to enact and enforce a routine procedure for all employees that requires them to follow a procedure checklist, including the proper chlorination of all equipment installed in the well for all wells, new construction and repair. A minimum level of 50 mg/L of an active chlorine solution should be used with all drilling fluids and applied, using a wand sprayer or other device, to all tools and equipment. This level should also be used as the minimum concentration for routine disinfection of waterlines, reservoirs, and pressure tanks. Where significant levels of dirt, mud, or iron are present, they should be removed and the level of chlorine raised to 100 mg/L to ensure full deactivation of all bacteria and viruses. Finally, for the worst cases, a level of 200 mg/L is often warranted. All of these chlorine strengths can be easily determined from Figure 2. When performing chlorination of a finished well or pump installation, several important steps need to be initially observed. First of all, the well may need to be pumped to remove any residual drilling fluids or dirty water that could interfere with the chlorine. Second, the chlorine

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solution must be applied to all surfaces within the well. This can be helped by circulating the solution throughout the well by returning pumped water to the well and maintaining this circulation for up to 6 hours. Third, adequate contact time throughout all locations including the pressure tank, offset and drop pipe, and well casing must be provided to enable full disinfection (usually overnight or 12 hours is sufficient), and finally, full pumping of the well to provide complete removal of the chlorine followed by a period of one to two days before obtaining a negative bacteria test is recommended. Maintaining good work site housekeeping also goes a long way in avoiding contamination of a well. Keeping work sites as clean as possible; covering all unused equipment with a tarp or cover; keeping tools, drilling, and pumping equipment off the ground by using blocking; and wiping down and preventing an accumulation of dirt on tools, drill rods, bits, and other equipment will assist with preventing contamination.

Iron, Manganese, and Hydrogen Sulfide Although problems with bacteria or viruses represent a greater hazard, problems associated with the presence of iron, manganese, or hydrogen sulfide are usually more visible to the customer and therefore usually more of an immediate concern to the customer. This is due to the aesthetic and taste and odor effects these contaminants place on the water system. The use of chlorine in a water well for iron or manganese is generally performed to remove minor levels of the oxides and hydroxides deposited in the well. However, periodic use to control hydrogen sulfide gas is well documented and widely practiced. In many cases, pre-scrubbing of the wellbore or screen is preferred before the application of chlorine to lower the chlorine demand and provide greater access to the deposits, especially where significant amounts of slime or thick deposits are present. This is a case where the application of chlorine in very high strengths, applied with jetting or swabbing, may be necessary to effectively dissolve the deposits and oxidize any remaining iron or manganese. Special waterwelljournal.com

types of chemicals are available from various manufacturers that, when added to chlorine, enhance the disinfection and oxidizing strength. Often, the use of chlorine alone will not be adequate by itself and the additional use of other chemicals may also be warranted. Iron bacteria represents a contaminant with unique properties in that it can be easily transported from well to well on tools or other equipment, and once in there, is almost impossible to get back out. Although there is currently some controversy that iron bacteria can actually be transported between wells, customers who never had any problem with iron bacteria often report that the problem started just after their well or pump was serviced. Without becoming involved in the disagreement regarding the transport or origin of iron bacteria, my basic tenet is that it is better to be safe than sorry. Obviously, if iron bacteria is introduced into a well during repair, this can present a major risk to the well contractor, as well as the customer, and all necessary safeguards to prevent this occurrence should be observed, for simple good housekeeping reasons if nothing else. This includes, but is not limited to, wiping and washing down all tools and equipment with a chlorinated solution between jobs and fully disinfecting each well after construction or repair. Basically, if you practice good site housekeeping and chlorinate as necessary to prevent any bacterial contamination, you will generally also take care of the risk of transporting iron bacteria in the process, if that is actually how it gets there. Unfortunately, iron bacteria is typically resistant to shock chlorination and complete removal is not feasible. The key to iron bacteria—as well as iron, manganese, and hydrogen sulfide—is control rather than removal. Long-term control usually involves using specialized acids designed for water well work or continuous feeding of chlorine down the well. Iron bacteria is one contaminant that can often be controlled or prevented with just a little more common sense and care. A final word of caution should be made at this point. Once again, if at all possible, chlorination should not be used as a permanent method of controlling fecal or E. coli bacteria from Twitter @WaterWellJournl

groundwater supplies. Using a disinfectant to control these contaminants represents nothing more than a “band-aid” solution to a problem that deserves closer scrutiny. Elimination of the bacteria itself, through source reconstruction or replacement, will almost always provide a better and safer long-term solution. To summarize, the effectiveness of chlorine depends on five basic factors: 1. pH level 2. Temperature 3. Contact time

4. Concentration of chlorine 5. Interfering substances (turbidity, iron, manganese, hydrogen sulfide gas). I hope that this fundamental discussion about the basics and use of chlorine for water well applications has been helpful and informative. In next month’s issue we will wrap up this two-part series of disinfection by exploring the many uses of ozone and ultraviolet systems for water well work, including routine disinfection and rehabilitation. Until then, work safe and smart. WWJ

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Water Well Journal November 2011 51/

By Michael D. Larrañaga, Ph.D., PE, CIH, CSP

Avoid an Aching Back or Worse Back injuries can become long-term disabling health problems.

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ater well drilling can be hard labor and workers feel the results. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are caused by job activities and conditions such as:

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Improper or repetitive heavy lifting Lifting with an awkward posture Lifting in extreme cold Working in confined areas.

All of these can be part of well drilling work. The workplace-related injuries responsible for the most lost workdays involve the lower back. About 450,000 workers a year—that’s almost half a million!—lose at least one day of work due to a back injury. And 20% of those injured workers—that’s 90,000—miss more than 31 days, or more than a month, of work in a given year. Back injuries can become long-term disabling health problems that keep you from working and enjoying life. Not only do these injuries hurt workers and reduce their earnings, they also reduce company profits. Medical treatment for back injuries costs more than any other work-related injury. In addition, the frequency and economic impact of back injuries and disorders on the workforce are expected to increase over the next several decades as the average age of workers increases and medical costs go up. And by the same token, the seriousness of back injuries also increases with age. Michael D. Larrañaga is a professor and department head of the fire protection and safety technology program at Oklahoma State University.

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Medical treatment for back injuries costs more than any other work-related injury. Risk Factors The most prevalent cause of lower back strain is soft tissue injuries, followed by injuries to a spinal disc. Also common are injuries such as falls or being impacted by something, as well as sudden slips or exertions. According to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), workers have an increased risk of these injuries if they frequently do any of the following: ● ● ● ● ● ●

Carry heavy loads Work on their knees Twist their hands or wrists Stretch to work overhead Use certain types of tools Use vibrating tools or equipment.

Other contributing factors include poor footing, such as working outside in wet or muddy conditions, and poor physical condition as a result of age, lack of exercise, or unhealthy weight. Another contributing risk factor can be scheduling. Tight deadlines mean a fast pace, and pushing the pace increases risk even more.

Lifting Safely Safe lifting is essentially lifting by bending the legs and keeping the back straight—not keeping the legs straight and bending the back. Workers mistakenly believe they need to bend their

back and engage their back muscles to lift a heavy object, when in fact the back muscles are not designed to provide the force needed for heavy lifting. On the other hand, the leg muscles can take heavy lifting and are not nearly as easily strained as back muscles. In general, the force required to do the lifting depends on the distance between the lower back muscles and the object being lifted. When the leg muscles are used, the object being lifted is closer to the back and decreases the amount of force the back muscles will have to expend. If the worker can’t lift this way, they should get help from a worker or use a dolly. It is also important for workers to avoid lifting and rotating the object at the same time. Instead, remember to lift straight up and then move the feet in the direction where the object needs to go. If the worker does sustain an injury, it is crucial to seek medical treatment as soon as possible to minimize trauma and decrease inflammation in the lower back. The best way to reduce the risk of work-related back injuries is to use the principles of ergonomics. This means finding the best fit between the worker and the job conditions to come up with solutions to make sure workers are safe, comfortable, and productive. Simple changes can make a big difference. Using ergonomic ideas to improve tools, equipment, and work methods or the workplace itself reduces workers’ contact with those factors that can result in injury. When ergonomic changes are introduced in the workplace or job site, they should always be accompanied by training workers on how to use the new waterwelljournal.com

methods and equipment and how to work safely.

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Breaking Bad Habits How does one undo something that’s become a force of habit—like bending over to pick up heavy objects? Why not through an effective safety and ergonomic program and training? Safe lifting procedures should be incorporated into the company’s safety plan. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration issues citations for unsafe lifting practices as well as for not having a training plan in place. An effective ergonomic program to avoid back injury, according to NIOSH, requires the following elements: ● ●

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●

●

Employee commitment of time, personnel, and resources Someone in charge of the program who is authorized to make decisions and institute change Active employee involvement in identifying problems and finding solutions A clearly defined administrative structure such as a safety committee

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A system to identify and analyze risk factors A system to research, obtain, and implement solutions such as new equipment Worker and management training Medical care for injured workers Maintaining good injury records Regular evaluation of the program’s effectiveness.

Although back injuries account for no work-related deaths, they do account for a significant amount of human suffering, loss of productivity, and an economic burden on compensation systems. Sometimes a small change in tools, equipment, or materials can make a big difference in preventing injuries. Physical fitness can make a huge difference. I spent more than a decade of my life experiencing back pain as a result of not eating right, not exercising enough, poor posture, and not sitting correctly. And I’m a safety engineer who knows better! Three years ago, I decided I had to make a change in my lifestyle and I took up a number of physical activities that increased my

flexibility and my core strength. Today, I am pain-free. It doesn’t take much physical activity to achieve freedom from pain and an improved quality of life. And remember, all those good habits undertaken at work to protect your back from injury are equally important at home and at play. WWJ

Get Safety Resources Online You can never be too safe, so take advantage of safety resources online. Go to the Web site of the National Ground Water Association and check out the resources it has available at www.ngwa.org/ Professional-Resources/safety/pages. Also while you’re at the Web site, go to the Bookstore and check out NGWA Press’ Safety Meetings for the Groundwater Industry, a set of 52 sheets that provide information so companies can hold weekly safety meetings on topics specific to their industry.

Congratulations to the 2011 NGWA award winners! NGWA Awards of Excellence s Ross M. Oliver — Loyd Watson, MGWC s M. King Hubbert — Craig M. Bethke, Ph.D. s Robert Storm — Beverly L. Herzog, CGWP s Life Members — William Dauksza, James W. Goeke, Lee Orton, Bill C. Stoner, and Charlie Waller, CPI s Honorary Member — Lloyd Duplantis s Technology — Mark L. Kram, Ph.D. s Ground Water Protector — Senator Herb Kohl (D-Wisconsin) s Standard Bearer — David M. Kelly, CWD/PI

NGWA awards honor the best of the best and cover all sectors of the groundwater industry. ®

Outstanding Ground Water Project Awards s Ground Water Supply — Daniel B. Stephens & Associates Inc. s Ground Water Protection — Water Replenishment District of Southern California s Ground Water Remediation — AMEC

NGWA Divisional Awards s John Hem Award for Excellence in Science & Engineering — Jimmy Jiao, Ph.D. s Keith E. Anderson Award (scientists/engineers division) — Paul C. Johnson, Ph.D. s Manufacturers Division Special Recognition Award — Robert J. Stone Visit www.NGWA.org for more information on the NGWA awards program and winners.

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Water Well Journal November 2011 53/

By Alexandra Walsh

Avoid Illegal Interview Questions An interviewer can use behavioral-based job interview questions to help select superior candidates.

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variety of federal, state, and local laws regulate the questions a prospective employer can ask a job applicant. Failure to avoid illegal interview questions and interview practices could make your company the target of a U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission lawsuit. As a rule of thumb, an employer’s questions—on the job application, in the interview, or during the testing process—must be related to the job for which an applicant is applying. For the employer, the focus must be: “What do I need to know to decide whether or not this person can perform the functions of this job?” An interviewer can use behavioralbased job interview questions to help select superior candidates. In other words, interview questions can help identify whether the candidate has the behaviors, skills, and experience needed for the job being filled. To avoid asking the wrong questions, interviewers should use an interview form for each candidate. It will document that the interviewer asked each and every interviewee the exact same questions. Failing to do so may establish a pattern that could seem discriminatory. For example, if you ask only women about their willingness to travel, thinking that Alexandra Walsh is the vice president of Association Vision, a Washington, D.C.–area communications company. She has extensive experience in management positions with a range of organizations.

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The focus must be: “What do I need to know to decide whether or not this person can perform the functions of this job?” the responsibilities of child care would make them hesitate to go on business trips, you could establish a pattern of discrimination. Following are some of the more common illegal interview questions to ask. While many human resource and recruiting staff know these questions are illegal, many hiring managers don’t. This is not an exhaustive list, just a list of the most common questions to avoid.

Nationality Illegal: Are you a U.S. citizen? Where were you born? Where were your parents born? What is your native tongue? Where did you grow up? Legal: Are you authorized to work in the United States? What languages do you read, speak, or write fluently? (This question is legal as long as this ability is relevant to the performance of the job.)

Age Illegal: How old are you? When did you graduate from college? What is your birth date? How long do you plan to work before retiring? Legal: Are you over the age of 18?

you plan to have a family? How many kids do you have? What are your child care arrangements? Legal: Would you be willing to relocate if necessary? Travel is an important part of the job; would you be willing to travel as needed by the job? This job requires occasional overtime; would you be able and willing to work overtime as necessary? (It’s important to emphasize these questions are legal as long as all applicants for the job are asked them.)

Affiliations Illegal: What clubs or social organizations do you belong to? What religion do you observe? What church do you go to? Are there specific religious holidays you observe? Legal: Do you belong to any professional or trade groups or other organizations that you consider relevant to your ability to perform this job? Would you be able and willing to work weekends and holidays? (This question is legal as long as all applicants for the job are asked it and it’s a job requirement.)

Personal Illegal: How tall are you? How much do you weigh? Do you smoke? Do you drink alcohol? Legal: Are you able to lift a 50pound weight and carry it 100 yards, as that is part of the job? (Questions about height and weight are not acceptable unless minimum standards are essential to the safe performance of the job.)

Marital or Family Status Illegal: Are you married? Who do you live with? Are you pregnant? Do waterwelljournal.com

Overview of Federal Human Resource Laws Human resources must operate within a number of federal and state laws and regulations. Each federal civil rights law is designed to protect specified individuals from employment bias by specified employers. These laws include all the following: Age Discrimination in Employment Act Americans with Disabilities Act Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII) Civil Rights Act of 1991 Immigration Reform and Control Act Pregnancy Discrimination Act These prohibit discriminatory employment practices based on race, color, sex, religion, national origin.

Equal Pay Act

National Labor Relations Act

Fair Labor Standards Act

This forbids discrimination against those who are members of a union or who advocate such membership and protects planned activities of both union and non-union employees.

These set minimum wages and establish when overtime must be paid. Family and Medical Leave Act This requires employers with 50 or more employees within a 75-mile radius to grant unpaid medical leave upon birth or adoption of a child or serious medical condition of an employee or a family member. Uniformed Services Employment and Re-Employment Rights Act

This requires employers to notify employees when conducting background investigations and when they fail to hire or promote based on information in a retail credit report. Employee Polygraph Protection Act

This requires employers to re-hire those who left employment to enter the military and bars discrimination against them.

Disabilities

This regulates the use of lie detector tests for pre-employment purposes as well as in the investigation of employee dishonesty.

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Illegal: Do you have any disabilities or chronic illnesses? Legal: Are you able to perform the essential functions of this job with or without reasonable accommodations? (This question is legal if the interviewer has thoroughly described the job.)

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Arrest Record Illegal: Have you ever been arrested? Legal: Have you ever been convicted of _____? (The crime named should be reasonably related to the performance of the job in question.)

Fair Credit Reporting Act

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Military Illegal: Are you in the National Guard? If you’ve been in the military, were you honorably discharged? In what branch of the Armed Forces did you serve? Legal: What type of training or education did you receive in the military? WWJ

Get Business Tools Online Check out the Business Management section of the NGWA Bookstore at www.ngwa.org. You’ll find cost calculators for drilling, pump installation, and geothermal; best suggested practices; and more!

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geothermal market. The rig is mounted on a turret style track system. The maneuverability of the track mounted turret style rig allows drilling in confined spaces without leaving a heavy footprint. The Gus Pech easy set stabilizers and air hammer capabilities make drilling in uneven terrain and bed rock no problem. The turret style track mounting system allows the rig to drill multiple holes in a circumference utilizing its 360° rotation without moving the tracks. The Geo-Swing is a fast, clean and efficient means of completing geothermal and core drilling operation requirements.

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Get Business Management Advice at Ground Water Expo The Ground Water Expo on November 29-December 2 is filled with great professional development opportunities for those looking to sharpen their business skills. There are 17 workshops that relate to running your business better. The subjects range from working with appraisals, bidding and estimating, new tax laws, contract clauses, and utilizing NGWA’s Drilling Cost Calculators. See all of the business management offerings and other Expo educational opportunities at www.groundwaterexpo.com.

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By Ron Slee

Customers and You: How’s It Going? How to develop a relationship that will stand the test of time.

W

e have talked over the years about the needs and wants of your customers and that building internal excellence through the skills and knowledge of your employees is the key to success. We also have talked about the fact that your employees will work much harder to satisfy your customers than they will to satisfy their bosses. I don’t think that either of these points is earth shattering. Nor do I believe they are going to develop long-lasting relationships with your customers either. That takes much more than two simple items. The key to success in any business built on supplying products and services to a market is customer retention. This is an area many companies overlook. Do you know what the retention rates are for your service or parts customers? Do you know what the return rate is for your customer installations in the year after the new sale? This is an extremely important area of knowledge.

Analyzing Customer Retention Let’s look into your parts business. How many of the customers who bought parts from you in 2010 bought again this year? The number will be surprising to you. What I have experienced around Ron Slee is the founder of R.J. Slee & Associates in Rancho Mirage, California, a consulting firm that specializes in dealership operations. He also operates Quest Learning Centers, which provides training services specializing in product support, and Insight (M&R) Institute, which operates “Dealer Twenty” Groups. He can be reached at ron@rjslee.com.

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the capital equipment industries is that between 15% and 20% of customers “defect” from you each year. You need to check it out for your business. There is another statistic that is very compelling. In The Service Profit Chain, written by three professors from Harvard University, they found that in the industrial distribution business an increase of 5% in customer retention would improve the profit of the business by 45%. Think about that for a moment. I’m pretty sure in the current business environment there is nothing you could do that would impact your profitability more than increasing customer retention. But you must be careful as it is easier said and read than done. This also relates back to another key piece of information that is important for you in managing the business. What is the lifetime value of one of your customers? This is one of the guiding principles used by Carl Sewell in his automobile businesses in Texas and the philosophy he exposed in his book Customers for Life: How to Turn That OneTime Buyer into a Lifelong Customer. In the automobile industry, it was determined that a customer is worth some $332,000 over their lifetime. What is the value of each of your customers over their lifetime? Perhaps you are thinking this is going to be too difficult to calculate. Don’t think that way. This is important. So let’s get back to improving the profit of a business. If you start with 100 customers and you have a customer retention rate of 80%, you lose 20% each year. That means your customer base will develop as follows:

Year 1—100 Year 2—80 Year 3—64 Year 4—51 Year 5—41 Let’s change the retention rate to 85%, or an improvement of 5%. The progression develops as follows: Year 1—100 Year 2—85 Year 3—72 Year 4—61 Year 5—52 It should be pretty clear that by increasing customer retention by 5%, you will retain 11 more customers for each 100 customers you have in your business. If it’s 1000 customers, you will retain the business of 110 more customers each year. This is quite a multiplier. I trust you can see how important it is now to determine the lifetime value for your customers. Now you can round out this exercise completely and calculate the dollar value you would recapture by improving your customer retention by 5%. The next step is to communicate this to your employees. Show them the facts and ask for their help. Repeat this exercise for each aspect of your business: prime product, service, supplies. Whatever the main sales categories are, do the calculations.

Going Beyond Customer Retention Let’s get into more details in the business. Do you use a customer relationship management (CRM) system? If you do, then you can start to manage the customer relationship more waterwelljournal.com

completely. It is all about triggers. When the first CRM systems were implemented, they were primarily for the control of sales calls for salesmen. Tracking the calls and the content of calls—to ensure the skills that the salesmen required were in place—and training programs could then be used to maintain the best possible skills in the sales force. But that really wasn’t the only thing CRM systems were intended to perform. When you sell a product, there are many things that should be put into a record for other calls that are required: ● ● ●

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The call from the service manager after installation to determine that everything is operating properly The call to warn the customer the warranty period is about to run out An inspection program you offer to ensure that the equipment is operating as it should and get warrantable items corrected during the warranty period.

There are many items that qualify for triggers. This will make sure everything that should be done in performing up to your standards and communicating with your customers in a timely and effective manner occurs. This will reduce the owning and operating costs of the products you sell, as well as ensure the highest residual value of those products. This is the beginning of creating the “glue” to keep your customers coming back to you for years to come. Next month we will continue this process of developing the tools and measures to help make sure you will have satisfied customers for life—both yours and theirs. WWJ

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Water Well Journal November 2011 57/

By Michelle Nichols

Nervous Before Your Sales Presentation? Join the club. There’s a lot riding on your presentations, so take the following advice seriously. Then have fun!

F

ormal sales presentations are like playing with fire. While a flame can cook your meal, warm your living room, and add beauty to your life, it can also burn down your house. Likewise, sales presentations offer a tremendous opportunity for sales growth—or disaster. So no matter how formal the sales situation, use these tips for more effective presentations. ✔ Remember that the motivations of the members of your audience may vary. Not everyone in the audience is a buyer of your offerings, or even a direct influencer. Some may want to keep current on new business or technology developments. Some may just want to get out of a day of work. Therefore as much as possible, before you begin, introduce yourself to each member of the audience, look them in the eye, and ask them what they want to get out of your pitch. I’m always surprised by what people tell me. ✔ Sometimes, the buyers you invited send others in their place. If you find your audience is not one of buyers but just folks “looking for new information,” make it your objective for the audience to perceive you as the go-to person for your industry. In the short term, if attendees leave your presentation thinking “Gee, when I need to buy Michelle Nichols is a professional sales speaker, trainer, and consultant based in Reno, Nevada. Her Savvy Selling Success Pack is available through NGWA. She can be reached toll-free at (877) 352-9684 or at michelle.nichols@savvyselling.com.

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Don't jump into the meat of your presentation too quickly. Audience members must get to know you. a new such and such, Sheila (or Sherman) is the one I’m going to call,” you’ve at least made progress. ✔ The “design” of your presentation is pivotal, so give it some serious thought. Map out the areas you want to cover, how much time you think you should spend on each one, the order of your topics, and how you’ll open and conclude each topic. All of these components are important. ✔ Everyone sweats how to open a speech. Just use one of the standard devices—stories, jokes, anecdotes, examples, and provocative statements. The opening needs to engage your listeners without overwhelming them. I recommend you spend at least 25% of your preparation time developing an opening that grabs your audience. ✔ Don't jump into the meat of your presentation too quickly. Audience members must get to know you before they can like you and trust you. Until they feel comfortable with you, they will see you more as entertainment and will view your ideas with skepticism. Still, don’t waste too much time getting to what they all came to learn. Here’s a good rule. Allow 5 minutes for the audience to settle in to your speaking style and voice before you get into

the real substance of your speech. ✔ Cover only a few key points at a time. Speakers who give talks like “20 Ways My Business Can Help You” wear out their audience mentally right off the bat. If you must give this type of talk, group those 20 ways into no more than four or five main areas. Remember, listening is like eating. Most of us don’t go to a restaurant and have one bite of 20 different dishes. We like a variety, but we want our food organized into courses. In the same way, people in the audience want lots of information, but they want it arranged so they can enjoy and digest it. ✔ Give a sufficient setup before each key point. Don’t jump from peak to peak like a mountain goat. The intensity will wear your attendees out—and they will tune you out. For each major point, imagine you’re guiding the audience to the top of a big hill, then back down and up another one, and so on to your next major point. ✔ Your speaking tone is a reflection of your attitude, so don’t take yourself too seriously. A little self-deprecating humor goes a long way in establishing rapport with your audience. No one can connect with a know-it-all. When I present, I come not only to sell, but also to learn from those in attendance. I believe someone in each one of my audiences has a story or a comment that will improve my sales presentation the next time I give it. ✔ Don't worry about speaking perfectly. I once forgot both a key word and a famous person’s name during a preswaterwelljournal.com

entation. I had to ask the audience for help. People were more than willing to lend a hand. I told them later, “Hey, I can’t bring all the words. You have to bring some, too.” They laughed, and we all had a great time together. ✔ Avoid “Death by PowerPoint.” If you must use it, keep the number of slides to a minimum with just a few words on each slide. Have great pictures, too. Less here really is better. ✔ Leave your audience with a great handout. You can include an outline of your main points, some information about current trends, an overview of product categories, and any technical or supplemental details. Remember, if you mention other vendors, don’t disparage or misrepresent them. ✔ Put your contact information in the header or footer of the handout. This reinforces the idea that you are a major player in your industry and can be called on for any questions relating to your specialty. ✔ Remember to ask for the order! Sometimes it’s easy to get carried away when you have a microphone in your hand and a beautiful presentation, and forget you’re there to sell. You’re not getting paid to be a public speaker. You’re getting paid to get customers to buy from you. And if they want to buy when you’re on your third slide and you still have 30 more to show, stop! Get out your paperwork and start closing the deal. You don’t need to show them all your slides. You just need them to say “Yes.” Many small businesses turn into big businesses by means of strong sales presentations. Done wisely, they’re a powerful way to increase your revenue. Happy selling! WWJ

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Water Well Journal November 2011 59/

WATER WELL JOURNAL Q & A

Kevin Christensen Palmer Bit Co.

K

evin Christensen began working at Palmer Industries in 1977 in Williston, North Dakota, during the summer between his junior and senior year in high school. After completing three years of welding in high school, he went on to Williston State College for welding certification while continuing to work at Palmer Industries, a manufacturer of drag bits that was established in 1957 by the late John “Robert” Palmer. In 2005, Christensen purchased 50% of the business from Dick Palmer and it became Palmer Bit Co. Throughout the years at Palmer Bit, Christensen and his wife owned and operated a 24-hour truck stop restaurant while raising four kids, emus, miniature horses, and Black Angus cows. Kevin Christensen, “I look forward co-owner of to taking on the Palmer Bit Co. challenge of being the sole owner of Palmer Bit when Dick retires,” says Christensen, who will present a workshop at the 2011 NGWA Ground Water Expo and Annual Meeting on polycrystalline diamond compact bits from 2:45 to 3:45 p.m. on November 29. Palmer Bit fabricates a multitude of custom-built carbide insert drag bits and hole openers. The company re-tips both rock bits and drag bits, and button bits are also restored in-house. Palmer Bit manufactures Red Devil bits and sells a complete line of drag bits, rock bits, and other drilling bits for geoexchange/ geothermal, water well, seismic and mining, and other drilling applications. Mike Price is the associate editor of Water Well Journal. In addition to his WWJ responsibilities, Price produces NGWA’s newsletters and contributes to the Association’s quarterly scientific publication. He can be reached at mprice@ngwa.org.

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Water Well Journal: What are some of the big advancements you’ve seen in the drill bit industry over the last few years and what do you see for the future? Kevin Christensen: There is no question as to the big advancement in the bit industry. It’s the polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bit. Since 1972, when the PDC cutter was invented, the technology has continued to improve the quality of the cutter, especially in the last few years. We’re seeing less and less cutter failure, and the cutters are more impact resistant. I believe that in the future you will see the PDC cutter continue to advance in quality and performance. WWJ: Can you tell us how the drill bit industry has changed over the last five years with regard to more drillers entering the geothermal market? Kevin: The drill bit industry as a whole has not changed over the years with exception to the PDC bit. What has changed, however, is drillers who had been able to make a living drilling water wells within 100 miles of their residence are now drilling geothermal holes in places and formations they are not familiar with. They can no longer use just one type of bit because that is the only bit they have ever needed. The key to making money drilling geothermal holes is production. You need to be using the bit that will get you the highest penetration rate in the formation you are experiencing. Drillers— even experienced geo drillers—are leaning on the bit man more and more to consult on the proper bit to achieve the highest rate of penetration in areas they are unfamiliar with. WWJ: Since it’s a relatively new market, what type of advice can you give contractors who are considering entering the geothermal industry and is there one single obstacle that stands out among the rest?

Darrell Prine of Dedicated Geothermal LLC in Loretto, Minnesota, drills with the Palmer Bit Co.’s Diamond Devil™ PDC at the Ball State University geothermal project in Muncie, Indiana. Photo courtesy Rick Nash, Dedicated Geothermal LLC Kevin: The best advice I can give are two things. First, figure out exactly how much you need to make per foot with your rig, and do not go below that price just to keep busy. Make sure to include everything. The National Ground Water Association has software to help you calculate this. (NGWA members can download the Geothermal Cost Calculator for free in the Online Bookstore at www.NGWA.org.) Second, when bidding a job make sure you can trust the test hole records, and if it is a big job, test the four corners of the job. I have seen time and time again where our customers have bid a job going on someone else’s test hole records, or there is only one test hole on a large job and find out the drilling is much different than the records show. You are now in a position to lose money. WWJ: What is the most common question you hear in regards to geothermal technology? Kevin: I believe organizations like NGWA and the International Ground Source Heat Pump Association have been doing a great job marketing geothermal heating and cooling, and educating the general public. Several years ago, some of the questions were how does it work, do I need a backup heat waterwelljournal.com

system, what is the life expectancy, can I convert my existing heat system, and how efficient is it? Now the most common question is who can I get to install it and how soon can you get them here? WWJ: You’re presenting a workshop at the 2011 NGWA Ground Water Expo and Annual Meeting titled “Polycrystalline Diamond Compact Bits: A Closer Look.” What do you hope attendees take away from it? Kevin: Almost daily we get customers calling who have never run a PDC before. I hope to educate the attendees on proper applications of the PDC, the difference between steel body and matrix body bits, and drilling parameters when using the PDC. The proper use of a PDC can greatly reduce drilling cost per foot if used properly in the correct formations. WWJ: How important is professional development as geothermal technology is a relatively new line of business for many contractors? Kevin: I believe professional development is key to the continued advancement of the industry. Everyone involved with the industry needs to continue education in all of the rules and regulations. A happy customer is priceless. Word of mouth is the finest advertisement there is. If a system is not installed properly and has issues, or the job site is left a mess, it’s extremely damaging to the industry as a whole and also to the driller/installer’s reputation. WWJ: Palmer Bit designed the Diamond Devil PDC and conducted field testing while consulting on the Ball State University project in Muncie, Indiana, which is converting its campus to what is expected to be the nation’s largest ground source geothermal heating and cooling system. What does this mean for the technology and do you foresee other massive projects following in its footsteps? Kevin: When Ball State decided to go geothermal, everyone in the nation was watching. They even set up a Webcam so we could all watch the progress of the project online. The project made headline news across the nation and by itself helped promote awareness of the geothermal industry. Phase two of the project should be started in the near future. Since the Ball State project, we are seeing large projects at universities, schools, prisons, churches Twitter @WaterWellJournl

“If your only income is drilling and servicing water wells, it’s time to consider drilling geothermal holes.” . . . the list goes on across the country, either presently installing a system or putting a system out for bids. WWJ: Have you noticed an impact from federal or state incentives for the geothermal market? If so, what have those been and how has that impacted Palmer Bit and other companies? Kevin: Federal and state incentives have definitely impacted the industry. They have created what has been termed as the perfect storm in the geo market. Both residential and commercial installs are projected to skyrocket. In 1983 there were only approximately 8000 systems installed nationwide. In 2007 there were 48,000, and in 2010 with the tax incentives, it went to approximately 115,000 units installed. It’s estimated that we will continue to see between a 25% and 33% annual growth in our industry. Drillers, installers, suppliers, and manufactures are all working hard just to keep up to the increase in business. WWJ: This slow economy has affected everyone in the groundwater industry. What kind of advice would you give someone to survive these tough times? Kevin: It’s sad to see the huge housing slowdown across the nation and no rising sun in the near future. Rural water is expanding more and more for the residential water usage. If your only income is drilling and servicing water wells, it’s time to consider drilling geothermal holes. Across the nation it is becoming harder and harder to make a living just in the water well business, while geoexchange is booming. WWJ: Lastly, what do you think are the critical issues facing both the water well and geothermal drilling industries today? Kevin: I believe one of the key issues is, generally speaking, water well drillers and geothermal drillers forget they are professionals, with priceless years of experience

and education and hundreds of thousands of dollars worth of equipment. Now add in the price of a new rig, fuel costs, wages, insurance, bit costs, and everything else involved. Water well and geothermal companies need to get paid and paid well for their services. If it is not financially attractive to the next generation, who is going to drill our water wells, and who is going to take over the levers drilling geo holes? Let’s face it, how many young drillers do you see who are not generational? WWJ

NGWA Provides Resources to Succeed in Geothermal Market The third edition of NGWA’s Guidelines for the Construction of Vertical Closed Loop Heat Pump Systems was put together by an NGWA volunteer work group to provide updated information on the original Guidelines that was published by NGWA in 1997 and then updated again in 2009. The guidelines are written for loop well contractors, loop well design consultants, government officials, educators, students, and consumers. It is a stand-alone document that does not supersede regulations or standards, and provides details on issues related to the construction of vertical closed loop ground source heat pump systems and offers insights to practical resolutions of the issues. NGWA’s Geothermal Cost Calculator will show you the true cost of doing business, and help you set the profit level your business needs to succeed. Designed to be as detailed as you want, the calculator enables you to plug in costs to all of the categories that contribute to your overall cost of geothermal loop installations. You can also plug in different scenarios to see what is needed to achieve the profits you want for your company. It is designed as an easy-to-use Excel workbook and comes complete with a user’s guide written by contractors for contractors. Both of these resources can be found in the NGWA Online Bookstore at www.NGWA.org. To read more about geothermal and geothermal-related articles, visit WWJ ’s Web page at www.waterwelljournal.com. Water Well Journal November 2011 61/

COMING

EVENTS

November 3–5/ California Groundwater Association 2011 Annual Convention and Trade Show/ Reno, Nevada. PH: (707) 578-4408 November 8–9/ Indiana Ground Water Association 2011 Convention/ West Lafayette, Indiana. PH: (317) 889-2382 November 9–10/ American Water Summit 2011: Compelling Needs, Creative Solutions/ Atlanta, Georgia. Web: www.americanwatersummit.com November 11/ 2011 Ohio Water Well Association Annual Convention and Trade Show/ Columbus, Ohio. PH: (937) 278-0308 November 14–15/ 2011 Northeast Private Well Symposium/ Southbury, Connecticut. Web: www.usawaterquality .org/nesci/symposium2011/default.html November 15/ Getting the Most from Attending the 2011 NGWA Ground Water Expo Brown Bag Webinar/ PH: (800) 551-7379, Fax: (614) 898-7786, E-mail: customerservice@ngwa.org, Web: www.NGWA.org November 29–December 2/ 2011 NGWA Ground Water Expo and Annual Meeting/ Las Vegas, Nevada. PH: (800) 551-7379, Fax: (614) 898-7786, E-mail: customerservice@ngwa.org, Web: www.NGWA.org December 2/ Construction Site and Mine Dewatering Short Course/ Las Vegas, Nevada. PH: (800) 551-7379, Fax: (614) 898-7786, E-mail: customerservice @ngwa.org, Web: www.NGWA.org December 6–7/ GeoPower Europe 2011: The Official Conference of the European Geothermal Energy Council/ Milan, Italy. Web: www.greenpowerconferences.com/ home

2012 January 17–18/ Empire State Water Well Drillers’ Association Annual Meeting/ Rome, New York. PH: (315) 339-8960, Web: www.nywelldriller.org

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February 10–11/ 2012 Pacific Northwest Ground Water Expo/ Portland, Oregon. PH: (800) 551-7379, Fax: (614) 898-7786, E-mail: customerservice@ngwa.org, Web: www.NGWA.org February 15–18/ 4th International Conference on Grouting and Deep Mixing/ New Orleans, Louisiana. Web: www.grout2012.org February 27–28/ 15th Annual Groundwater Industry Legislative Conference: NGWA Washington Fly-in/ Washington, D.C. PH: (800) 551-7379, Fax: (614) 8987786, E-mail: customerservice@ngwa.org, Web: www.NGWA.org February 27–28/ Emerging Issues in Groundwater Conference/ San Antonio, Texas. PH: (800) 551-7379, Fax: (614) 898-7786, E-mail: customerservice @ngwa.org, Web: www.NGWA.org March 11–17/ National Ground Water Awareness Week/ PH: (800) 551-7379, Fax: (614) 898-7786, E-mail: customer service@ngwa.org, Web: www.NGWA .org May 6–10/ 2012 NGWA Ground Water Summit: Innovate and Integrate—Succeeding as a Groundwater Professional in a Water-Short World/ Garden Grove, California. PH: (800) 551-7379, Fax: (614) 898-7786, E-mail: customerservice @ngwa.org, Web: www.NGWA.org June 4–6/ Underground Infrastructure Research (UIR) International Conference and Trenchless Technology Road Show 2012/ Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada. Web: www.civil.uwaterloo.ca/catt/ TrenchlessRoadshow2012/roadshow.htm June 26–27/ NGWA Focus Conference on Midwestern Groundwater Issues/ Columbus, Ohio. PH: (800) 551-7379, Fax: (614) 898-7786, E-mail: customer service@ngwa.org, Web: www.NGWA.org October 16–17 NGWA Focus Conference on Gulf Coast Groundwater Issues/ Baton Rouge, Louisiana. PH: (800) 551-7379, Fax: (614) 898-7786, E-mail: customer service@ngwa.org, Web: www.NGWA.org

February 2–3/ 2012 Montana Water Well Drillers Association Annual Convention/ Billings, Montana. PH: (406) 2495109, Web: www.mwwda.org

*Dates shown in red are National Ground Water Association events.

February 3/ South Carolina Winter Meeting and Trade Show/ Columbia, South Carolina. PH: (803) 356-6809, Fax: (803) 356-6826, E-mail: scgwa@sc.rr.com, Web: www.scgwa.org

*Dates shown with are events where the National Ground Water Research and Educational Foundation’s McEllhiney Lecture will be presented.

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257 Caroline St. 257 Caroline St.

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NEWSMAKERS NEW ADDITIONS IPR (Inland Pipe Rehabilitation), a provider of underground rehabilitation solutions with offices throughout the United States, announced that James A. (Jim) Rorison has been named Chief Operating Officer. In his new role, Rorison will be responsible for James A. Rorison supervising the operating leadership team of the IPR family of companies. Prior to joining IPR, Rorison served in various executive level positions with Bloomfield Hills, Michigan-based PulteGroup Inc. IPR also announced the launch of IPR Southeast with the opening of its new facility in Atlanta, Georgia, as well as the addition of Steven A. Morini as its new general manager. The facility will replace IPR’s previous facility and serve as IPR Southeast’s new headquarters. The 15,500-square-foot facility fea-

tures state-of-the art equipment and on-site staff of more than 15 workers and several crews. Morini will be responsible for overseeing the IPR team and managing client Steven A. Morini projects and relationships throughout the southeast region. Saint-Gobain, the world’s largest building materials company, announced the appointment of John Crowe as president and CEO of both Saint-Gobain Corp. (Saint-Gobain’s North American holding company) and CertainTeed Corp. (Saint-Gobain’s largest North American subsidiary). Crowe will act as Saint-Gobain’s representative in North America, overseeing John Crowe the company’s North American businesses and chairing the company’s executive committee.

SJE-Rhombus, a global supplier of water and wastewater controls for more than 35 years, added MA Trading Corp. and Luis Morales to its network of sales representatives. Located in Guatemala, this newly appointed representative will serve Central America and the South American countries of Colombia and Peru. With more than 20 years of experience in water and well markets, MA Trading will strengthen SJE’s presence in Central and South America. NSF International, an independent organization that protects human health and the environment, has appointed Alex Zhang to managing director, water systems, Asia-Pacific from his previous position as general manager overseeing NSF’s Shanghai operations. Zhang’s 16 years of experience in water treatment technologies, operations management, and international regulations relating to water quality will assist companies with global compliance and market access. BRANCHING OUT

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Wilo USA, a subsidiary of Wilo SE, which is a manufacturer of pumps and pump systems for heating, cooling, and air conditioning technology, announced the release of its “Street Fleet.” The Wilo Street Fleet is a fleet of three display vans that will be traveling across the United States this fall, using a modified Ford Transit compact panel van that contains a pull-out display of Wilo products. The vehicles also feature a computer display and sound system for mobile presentations. waterwelljournal.com

NGWA membership: The best business investment you can make A $300* NGWA membership is one of the best investments you can make for yourself, your company, and your future— and one that pays for itself many times over. As an NGWA contractor member, you receive:

SAVINGS

s 2EDUCED REGISTRATION FEES ON 7EBINARS COURSES AND EVENTSˆINCLUDING THE ANNUAL .'7! 'ROUND 7ATER %XPO A SAVINGS ALONE OF

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s $ISCOUNTED PRICES ON BOOKSTORE PURCHASES INCLUDING items such as the third edition of Groundwater & Wells ˆA SAVINGS OF

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s .O ADDITIONAL COST ACCESS TO INDUSTRY BEST SUGGESTED PRACTICES ON TOPICS RANGING FROM REDUCING ARSENIC IN WATER WELLS TO RESIDENTIAL WELL CLEANINGˆEACH WITH A RETAIL VALUE OF

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TOTAL SAVINGS $625 *The $300 yearly fee is for an NGWA contractor company membership, which includes one employee; additional employees can be added for only $55 each. International rates are slightly higher.

Invest in your future by joining NGWA today!

800 551.7379 www.NGWA.org 614 898.7791

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NEWSMAKERS Atlas Copco opened its doors on its 13th U.S. store in Pompano Beach, Florida. The store was opened to support the large customer base in southern Florida and as a response to aftermarket requests for Atlas Copco parts and services from the Miami area. BUSINESS GROWTH Flowserve Corp., a provider of flow control products and services for the global infrastructure markets, has announced a contract from Hyflus Ltd. to provide energy recovery devices for the Tuaspring Desalination Plant in Singapore. Grundfos Pumps, a global manufacturer of pumps and advanced pump solutions, unveiled on September 20 in Fresno, California, its Water Technology Center, a new facility for promoting innovative water research and developing sustainable solutions. The center will offer research entities access to Grundfos resources, helping to catalyze solutions to water scarcity challenges.

IN

MEMORIAM/

The wife of NGWA Past President Glenn Lyons, CWD/PI, Jeanette A. Knauer-Lyons of Stockton, Illinois, passed away in September. She was 90. Knauer-Lyons taught several different grade levels in the Rockford, Elizabeth, and Stockton school districts before retiring after 34 years of teaching. She served as treasurer of the Jo Daviess County Retired Teachers Association, president for the Stockton Women’s Club, and as an election judge in Stockton. CHARITY Celebrating the 12th anniversary of its Camp Riley golf outing, the employees, suppliers, customers, family, and friends of Peerless Pump Co. raised more than $60,000 for Riley Hospital’s camp for children with physical challenges. A member of the Grundfos Group of Companies, Peerless Pump is

Robert “Bob” Webb Sr., founder in 1966 with his wife, Arlene, of R. Webb & Son Well Drilling Inc. in Hale, Michigan, passed away in September. Webb was a devoted family man, served his country as a member of the U.S. Army and a disabled veteran, and served his community as well as the groundwater industry. In 2005, Webb was named Well Driller of the Year by the Michigan Ground Water Association. a global provider of fluid handling systems based in Indianapolis, Indiana. NEWS ON THE WEB

BOREHOLE GEOPHYSICAL LOGGING SYSTEMS For Ground Water Applications *Aquifer Properties* *Screen Location*

*Deviation* *Video*

*Flow* *ELog*

MATRIX PORTABLE GROUND WATER LOGGER

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Mount Sopris Instruments, 4975 E. 41 Ave., Denver, CO 80216 ph: 303.279.3211 fx: 303.279.2730 www.mountsopris.com

66/ November 2011 Water Well Journal

Circle card no. 34

Water-Right Inc., a manufacturer of water treatment equipment in Appleton, Wisconsin, announced the launch of its newly redesigned Web site, www.waterright.com. The update allows for easier navigation between residential and commercial categories and offers treatment solutions to water problems such as hardness, high levels of iron and manganese, low pH, and sulfur. CertainTeed, with a full line of PVC well casing, drop pipe, and fittings, is helping municipal water utilities and consulting engineers make the most economical and energy-efficient pipe material choices for their water distribution systems with its online pipe flow calculator at http://pipeflowcalculator .certainteed.com. By selecting the right pipe, the utilities can help reduce the amount of energy required to pump drinking water to customers. waterwelljournal.com

POSITION ANNOUNCEMENT October 12, 2011 Director of Science and Technology

The National Ground Water Association is the leading groundwater association that advocates the responsible development, management, and use of water. The Director of Science and Technology position supports comprehensive efforts to further groundwater knowledge and protection through education and outreach; through advocacy that advances the interests of our membership; and through the development and improvement of professional practices and procedures for the public’s interest. The Director of Science and Technology (DST) directly reports to the Association’s Executive Director and serves as the NGWA’s principal scientific and technical leader. The DST’s responsibilities include: Serving as the technical liaison among the Association’s membership and with headquarters staff: • Support the Association’s efforts in government affairs, public awareness, publications and other information products, and professional development • Ensure the scientific and technical accuracy of information disseminated by the NGWA • Serve, as directed, as the technical and scientific liaison between the Association and government agencies, international organizations, and related non-governmental organizations (NGOs). As part of, and in addition to, the responsibilities outlined above, the DST will: • Assist in the development of conference and other professional development (continuing education) event themes and content • Make presentations at NGWA conferences and instruct in NGWA short courses and Webinars • Support NGWA in its efforts to acquire funding, including from government agencies • Provide review of the scientific and technical content for congressional briefings, and as necessary, provide testimony to congressional committees • Review the technical and scientific content of member-drafted position papers, and statements of Association science and technical policy prior to release by the NGWA • Contribute content to the Association’s periodic trade and professional publications; and identify authors and personally contribute to books, “white papers,” and monographs published by or for the NGWA. The DST will assist in expanding NGWA’s role as an international leader in the dissemination of groundwater-related scientific and technical information, the development of policy to protect and conserve the planet’s groundwater resources, and the promotion of new technologies to enhance development and utilization of the world’s water resources. Minimum qualifications include: Ph.D. in hydrogeology or other scientific or engineering field closely related to groundwater science and technology; an understanding of water well systems design and operations; a good knowledge of North American groundwater resources; strong communication skills; and a strong network of groundwater field professional contacts. This position is open now. Relocation to the Association’s central Ohio headquarters is negotiable. Qualified individuals should, prior to December 5, 2011, submit a letter of interest, a C.V. or resume, and compensation expectations to: Kevin McCray, Executive Director National Ground Water Association 601 Dempsey Road Westerville, Ohio 43081

Twitter @WaterWellJournl

®

Water Well Journal November 2011 67/

FEATURED

PRODUCTS

Solinst Introduces New Laser Marked Model 101 Water Level Meter The new Solinst Model 101 Water Level Meter with P7 Probe features durable PVDF flat tape that is precisely laser marked every 1/100 feet. The tape has an enhanced dog bone design that is thicker, reducing adherence to the side of well casing. Using six strands of copper-coated stainless steel and 13 strands of stainless steel in each conductor of

the tape has increased tensile strength and electrical efficiency. The new stainless steel P7 Probe is engineered to allow submersion to 1000 feet, making

The new benchmark for robustness, reliability and versatility www.indarpump.com

For more than 70 years Indar has been presenting great solutions to its customers. Not only in terms of design, manufacturing and services for submersible equipment, but also by offering different construction choices. A wide range of product options, makes Indar submersible units some of the most versatile, robust and reliable products in the worldwide market.

Contact us: IPR, International Representation INC., Christian Wehrli, Exclusive Agent for USA, Phone: (786) 268 79 33 Christian.wehrli@indarmh-usa.com www.indarpump.com

Power: From 40 HP up to 2680 HP Speed: From 735 rpm to 3500 rpm Voltage: From 220 V to 11000 V Motor protection type: IP 68

AMS Unveils Compact Roto-Sonic 26-T The AMS Compact Roto-Sonic 26-T puts out 20,000 pounds of force with simultaneous rotation and sonic vibration. It is ideal for collecting continuous cores of soil or rock, groundwater sampling, prepacked well installations, injection grouting, remediation work, and installation of geothermal loops. With the capability of both rotation and vibration simultaneously, the CRS 26-T is designed to drill deeper, faster, and bigger boreholes. The combination of rotation and sonic vibration provides much higher downhole cutting action, facilitating drilling in more competent semi-consolidated geologic formations. Where soil conditions are unknown or generally difficult, the CRS 26-T is an excellent choice. Options include auger attachments for installing larger traditional groundwater monitoring wells, wire line winch systems, stabilization jacks, water pumps, and more.

Hach’s Open Channel Flow Monitoring Increases Reliability and Accuracy Hach Co. announced the release of its latest open channel flow monitoring solution, the AV9000 Area Velocity Analyzer Module for use with its Sigma Submerged Area Velocity Sensor and FL900 Series Flow Logger. The AV9000

Indar Máquinas Hidráulicas SL

68/ November 2011 Water Well Journal

Circle card no. 60

Circle card no. 61

Main features:

series

it ideal for depth to water as well as total well depth measurements. The sensor at the tip of the probe provides consistent measurements in wells, boreholes, and cascading water with almost zero displacement. Solinst will continue to offer the Model 101 Water Level Meter with P2 Probe and polyethylene tape that groundwater professionals have come to rely on.

Circle card no. 24

waterwelljournal.com

FEATURED Analyzer Module applies user-friendly advanced diagnostic tools to further increase reliability and accuracy even in difficult sites such as those with nonuniform particle composition and turbulent flows. When used with the Hach FL900 Series Flow Loggers, AV9000 users then access their flow data, set up event/alarm notifications, and change meter programming via the Internet 24/7 with FSDATA Flow Data Manager. System plug-n-play design of the AV900 Analyzer Module allows current customers to use their existing Sigma Sub AV Sensors and FL900 Flow Loggers. Circle card no. 62

Blackhawk Debuts Heavy-Duty Pump Models Featuring Power Options

Blackhawk Technology Co., a manufacturer of above-well-drive piston pumps, introduces two heavy-duty models to its line of Apollo Electric LinearRod Pumps, all featuring solar and low-amp grid power options. Blackhawk now offers the heavy-duty Apollo 101 HD which pumps to 150 feet or more, and the Apollo 102 HD which produces flow rates to 2.27 gpm. Apollo’s linear-rod pump technology means fewer moving parts and smoother operation for high efficiency. No controller is needed. The two new models join the power-saving Apollo 101 which pumps to 80 feet at 0.93 gpm, and the Apollo 102 offering 2.27 gpm to 35 feet. The solar option includes solar panels to power the pump directly and highcapacity storage batteries for long-term operation, ideal for remote locations not served by electricity or pneumatic Twitter @WaterWellJournl

PRODUCTS

power. The power supply option converts conventional grid 24 volt/5 amp AC power to DC at startup, running at 2.5 amps.

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Serious Thermal Products Launches Complete Heat System for Ground-Thawing Machines

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Serious Thermal Products Ltd. introduces the new Complete Heat System for use with its Serious Toaster groundthawing machines. The system features a heavy-duty cabinet that houses everything needed to run up to five Toasters at one time, simplifying any application requiring more than one ground-thawing unit. Rather than having to supply propane and electricity separately to each Toaster ground-thawing unit, the Complete Heat System maximizes convenience by supplying everything in one package. It includes storage to contain a 250-gallon propane tank, all necessary hoses to connect propane to five Toasters, a generator with extended gas tank, all electrical cords, and propane tank heaters to keep the propane vaporizable in extreme cold weather conditions. Depending on end-user preference, it can be either welded or bolted down to the bed of a trailer and towed from one job site to the next. Each Toaster thaws up to 1.6 inches deep per hour in an area measuring 2 Ă— 10 feet.

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Interface Meters from Solinst Designed for Safe Use in Explosive Environments Solinst Model 122 Oil/Water Interface Meters provide clear and accurate measurements of sinking or floating product level and thickness (DNAPL and LNAPL). Meters are designed to be durable and are certified intrinsically safe for use in explosive environments. Measurements are quick using the â…?-

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Water Well Journal November 2011 69/

FEATURED

PRODUCTS

inch-diameter, factory sealed pressure proof probe, and flexible flat tape accurately marked every 1⁄100 feet. Tapes are available in a range of lengths from

65 to 1000 feet and are mounted on a sturdy reel. Each reel is provided with a grounding clip, carrying bag, and tape guide. Stable electronics include automatic circuitry testing and shut-off after 10 minutes. Two standard 9V batteries provide a minimum of 120 hours of life. Meters are backed by a three-year warranty to ensure long-term reliable performance. A 122M Mini Interface Meter is also available. Circle card no. 65

CARE. As a member of the groundwater community, you care about those who lack the resource so many of us take for granted. You care where your industry is headed.

PARTICIPATE.

Sonic Drill Offers Profitable Drilling ‘Green’ Option With its agile smaller size and lighter footprint, the launch of Sonic Drill Corp.’s SDC-390 has created a buzz with buyers who previously thought a sonic drill rig was out of reach. The SDC-390 has the same award-winning patented technology, but applied to a crawler rig that fits within a 20-foot container that reduces the cost of shipping by two-thirds. The new model quickly drills through a variety of formations to more than 250 feet, using water for flushing. It can handle drill tooling up to 12 inches in diameter and tilt up to 60 degrees. Powered by a Caterpillar 6-cylinder diesel engine, the SDC-390 produces 225 hp at 2200 rpm. With its smaller size, the SDC-390 can be towed behind on a variety of platforms, remain street legal, and in most cases be driven by someone with a lower class driver’s license. Circle card no. 66

Take action — participate in this year’s NGWREF Fundraising Auction. With a new time, location, and format, this is your opportunity to make a difference!

Worldwide Electric Offers Hyundai IEEE-841 Chemical and Process Duty Motors

Held during the 2011 NGWA Ground Water Expo, the NGWREF Fundraising Auction will take place following the close of exhibits on Wednesday, November 30, right in the exhibit hall, from 6-7:30 p.m.

IMPACT. Proceeds raised at the auction will go to benefit the Developing Nations and Len Assante Scholarship funds of NGWREF, allowing you to make an impact on folks the world-around as well as here at home. For more information about the NGWREF Fundraising Auction, visit www.NGWA.org or call customer service at 800 551.7379 (614 898.7791). Operated by NGWA, NGWREF is a 501(c)(3) public foundation focused on conducting educational, research, and other charitable activities related to a broader public understanding of groundwater.

70/ November 2011 Water Well Journal

Circle card no. 41

Worldwide Electric, the largest independent importer of electric motors in the United States, has added Hyundai IEEE-841 chemical and process duty motors to its extensive motor product line. IEEE-841 motors meet or exceed IEEE-841 standards and carry a fiveyear warranty. A test report is supplied with each motor. Circle card no. 67

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O R V I S I T U S A T O U R + A N S A S ® MA N U F A C T U R I N G F A C I L I T Y A N D F I N D O U T WH Y ' E O P R O B E $ 4 O WN E R S B E L I E V E I T S T H E B E S T R I G O N T H E MA R K E T

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Classified Advertising/Marketplace 15 Bits

22 Business Opportunities

Bits, subs, stabilizers, hole openers, etc. Over 10,000 bits in stock.

BUSINESS FOR SALE: Water well drilling and pump service in southern New Mexico. Two commercial acres, 2700 sq. ft. building, all drilling and pumping equipment. Annual sales average one million dollars. Asking 1.75 million. Call (575) 649-2019.

R L C Bit Service Inc. 8643 Bennett Rd. P.O. Box 714 Benton, IL 62812 www.rlcbit.com Ph: (618) 435-5000 Cell: (618) 927-2676 Cell: (618) 927-5586 Fax: (618) 438-0026

3 Appraisals Equipment Appraisals Nationally recognized and accredited equipment appraisals for water well drill rigs and well drilling equipment for banks, lenders, mergers, accountants, estate planning, IRS, and auctions. Experienced, knowledgeable, and recognized worldwide in the water well drilling industry. Accurate and confidential appraisal reports.

SALVADORE AUCTIONS & APPRAISALS 401.792.4300 www.siaai.com

19 Bucket Drill Rigs E Q U I P M E N T WA N T E D Gus Pech bucket/boring rigs, any condition. Support equipment, buckets, etc. Other brand considered. (816) 517-4532 / Jared Sisk

72/ November 2011 Water Well Journal

Jason Corn E-mail: rlcbit373@frontier.com Rick Corn E-mail: rlcbit77@frontier.com

Palmer Bit Company has been recognized worldwide for providing the highest quality bits to the drilling industry for over 50 years. We manufacture bits for drilling everything from clays to limestone. With our experience we can help lower your bit cost, with the proper bit selection for your drilling conditions. We are available 24/7 to assist you with any questions you may have.

FOR SALE: I have the only patent on a device that automatically tells a homeowner or business how much water is in their drilled well in gallons, liters, feet, or percent, including the recovery rate. All at the touch of a button from inside their home or office, and it is inexpensive too! Billion dollar potential! Looking for a company to arrange for manufacture and distribution on a license basis. Contact: Richard J. Bilinski, 866 Berne Dr., Auburn, PA 17922. (570) 754-7619. BUSINESS FOR SALE: Water well pump business for sale in northern Colorado. 35 years strong with great clientele awaits you. Immaculate rigs, tooling, and equipment ready to continue making profit. Ready to retire. Price reduced for immediate sale $450,000. Call (970) 686-7676 .

Call 800-421-2487 Satisfaction Guaranteed www.palmerbit.com MC/VISA accepted

82 Engines 18 Breakout Tools BREAKOUT TOOLS SEMCO Inc. All Hydraulic Hydrorench S110H In Stock 1-10 Four Rollers Breaks Pipe Make Pipe to Torque Specs 800-541-1562

BUCKEYE DRILL COMPANY — CATERPILLAR ENGINES — CAT ® 51 HP TO RE-POWER 22WB-E WELL DRILL CAT ® 61 HP TURBO TO REPOWER 22WB-E WELL DRILL COMPLETE WITH ENCLOSURE & TWIN-DISC P.T.O.

PH. 800-767-3745 www.buckeye drill.com

waterwelljournal.com

60 Down Hole Inspection

57 Direct Push Supplies

Manufacturer of Pre-Pack Screens ♦ 4" ID Pre-Pack NOW AVAILABLE ♦ Standard Pre-Pack When You Would Set A Traditional Well ♦ Economy Pre-Pack When Cost Is A Factor

♦ 20% Open Area High Yield Pre-Pack For Use In Low Yield Wells

♦ All Stainless Steel Pre-Pack For Aggressive Groundwater Environments

♦ Non-Metal Pre-Pack When Metal Components Are Not Compatible

♦ Annular Seals Foam Bridges, Bentonite & Quick-Sleeves

♦ CUSTOM Pre-Packs and

Bentonite Packs *** A Johnson Screens Distributor*** **We Stock Geoprobe® Compatible Supplies & Tooling** *Proactive® Pumps Master Distributor*

Toll Free 1-888-240-4328 Phone: 1-609-631-8939

♦

Fax: 1-609-631-0993

ectmfg.com ♦ proactivepumps.com ♦ torquerplug.com

Waterwell Camera Inspection Systems

Century Geophysical Corporation 1223 S. 71st E. Ave., Tulsa, OK U.S.A. 74112 Phone (918) 838-9811 Fax (918) 838-1532 sales@century-geo.com www.century-geo.com

• Portable, Truck or Trailer mounted. • Retrofit compatible with Laval and most geophysical logging winches. • Full repair service and spare parts for CCV, Boretech, Wellcam and Laval cameras and controllers. • Forward and 360 degree side wall viewing color cameras. • Depths to 5,000 feet.

CCV Engineering & Manufacturing

75 Electric Motors EQUIPMENT WANTED: Electric motors wanted. Vertical hollow shaft pump motors. 20 to 500 hp good or bad, will pick up. PH: (800) 541-1562.

Twitter @WaterWellJournl

An Aries Industries Company

800-671-0383 • 559-291-0383 Fax: 559-291-0463 E-mail: jim.lozano@ariesccv.com On the web at www.ariesccv.com

To place a classified advertisement in Water Well Journal, please send ad text to Shelby Fleck by e-mail at sfleck@ngwa.org or fax to 614 898.7786. Upon receipt, you will be contacted and provided a quote. Thank you!

Water Well Journal November 2011 73/

71 Drilling Equipment

99 Geothermal Services Over 600 distributors nationwide & Canada. NSF Approved Polyethylene Fittings & Pipe Residential & Commercial Flow Centers Radiant Buffer Tanks

Higgins Rig Co.

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817-927-8486 www.watsonusa.com Sales@watsonusa.com

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MD 510 Geothermal Drill

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appear online (at no additional cost) each month at www.waterwelljournal.com/ category/ineveryissue/classifieds

Check it out!

76 Elevators J & K To o l C o m p a n y I n c .

Kwik Klamps 1 & 2 (adjustable 1 –2 or 21⠄2 – 4 ) NEW – Kwik Klamp 3 (for 6 PVC) Elevators for PVC well casing (sizes 1 –16 ) Heavy Duty PVC Elevators (sizes 4 –8 ) Flush Joint PVC Pipe Clamps (sizes 4 –24 ) www.jktool.com sales@jktool.com Tel 320-563-4967 Fax 320-563-8051

1 – 16 Elevators All steel with safety latch. SEMCO of Lamar 800-541-1562 Fax 719-336-2402 Credit Cards Accepted

Standard Manufacturing

Largest water well pipe elevator manufacturing company in the United States.

Phone:

(936) 336-6200 (800) 337-0163 Fax: (936) 336-6212 E-Mail: StandardManufacturing @yahoo.com Web site: www.standardmfg.com

Dealers Wanted

SkyRex Water Well Elevators 2 thru 36 Also lightweight PVC elevators Now Available! “Complete Reverse Circulation Drill Strings�

Rex McFadden 7931 19th Lubbock, TX 70407

Ph (806) 791-3731 Fax (806) 791-3755 www.rexmcfadden.com

74/ November 2011 Water Well Journal

waterwelljournal.com

90 Equipment

105 Injection Pumps New Low Prices

The perfect solution for poor well yield is only a click way.

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✔ Use on wells yielding as little as 0.10 gpm. ✔ Turn-key collection and delivery system. ✔ Fits through 24� doors. ✔ Good money from bad wells. For more information, log-on or call 800-211-8070.

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REPAIRS: Eastman deviation survey clocks (mechanical drift indicators) repaired. We also have three, six, and twelve degree angle units, charts, and other accessories in stock. Call Downhole Clock Repair, (325) 660-2184.

CG-500/031 Geothermal Series at See us NGWA 6 #112 Booth

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137 Services

Balancing technology and simplicity for trouble-free performance

139 Slotting Machines J & K To o l C o m p a n y

PVC Screen Slotting Machines

PVC Threading Machines

Perforating Machines Affordable, easy to operate automated machines with touch screen programming.

CG-500/031/GH/GT Gas/Hyd. Powered

ChemGrout introduces a new high-capacity grout plant for the growing geothermal industry. The ChemGrout CG500/031 utilizes two 70-gallon mix tanks and a large 45-gallon holding hopper, feeding their patented single acting 3" piston pump. This new design provides mixing for high ratio sand/bentonite materials specified by loop designers. The CG500/031 generates continuous outputs of up to 16 gpm, pressures of 500 psi, and is available in air, hydraulic, gas and diesel.

Making grouting profitable for over 45 years

www.chemgrout.com 708.354.7112

www.jktool.com sales@jktool.com Tel 320-563-4967 Fax 320-563-8051

Twitter @WaterWellJournl

Water Well Journal November 2011 75/

106 Installation Accessories

ATTENTION Buy Direct from Manufacturer Why pay retail — when you can buy direct We ship any amount to anywhere

Select Environmental Supplies LLC P.O. Box 6036 Concord, NC 28027 5 6 Monitoring Well Manhole 8 7 1⁄2 Monitoring Well Manhole 8 12 Monitoring Well Manhole

$18.25/ea. $22.15/ea. $23.35/ea.

OBSERVATION MONITORING WELL MANHOLES • H-20 Load Rating • 2-Bolt with O-Ring (9⁄16 ) Bolt Head • Galvanized Skirts with Welded Seam • Aluminum I.D. Tags • Stainless Bolts & Washers with Neoprene Washer

We carry prepacked screens and other testing supplies.

Heat Shrink from B & B Wholesale Why pay higher prices for lower quality products? Check out the prices on our Heat Shrink Splice Kits. 3–Wire Kit (for #10/12/14, clear) $1.82 ea. 4–Wire Kit (for #10/12/14, clear) 2.22 ea. 1 ⁄2 3 Tubes (clear) .45 ea. 1 ⁄2 48 Tubes (clear) 8.81 ea.

– custom kits for up to 4/0 wire – volume pricing available – labeling available – choose from 3 types of shrink tubes – also available is a large selection of installation accessories such as pressure gauges, tapes, tank fittings packages, and valves.

800-593-9403

Call (704) 467-6092 or (704) 425-7838 Fax (704) 795-1638 Visit our Web site www.selectenvironmentalsupplies.com We accept Visa and MasterCard

125 Pump Hoists 115 Mud Pumps

116 Mud Systems

Hydraulic drive mud pumps —small and lightweight—

DESANDER

Mini-Desander 71/2 10 duplex pump • Fits in the place of a 5 6 • Pumps 300 GPM at up to 800 PSI • Weighs 1000 lbs. less than a 5 6 • Single and three cylinder models also available U.S Pat. #6,769,884 and others pending

Centerline Manufacturing 903-725-6978

www.centerlinemanufacturing.com

76/ November 2011 Water Well Journal

MUD MIXER

FOR SALE: Two awesome pump rigs for sale in perfect condition. I am looking to move these rigs quick and will be accepting all reasonable offers, so don't pass this up. I am almost finished building my new rig and do not have a need for all three. Please do not hesitate to call with any questions or offers. I am asking 35k for the smaller rig and 75k for my big rig. Both are ready to work complete with tooling! Call (970) 686-7676 . FOR SALE: SMEAL Model 12T, SMEAL Model R12. Call: (318) 221-4273 and ask for Jonathan. E-mail for pictures and pricing to ridingonlife@yahoo.com.

CM Consulting & Equipment Jerry Mason Specialist in your drilling and grouting problems. 1640 Oppenheimer Rd., Bedford, PA 15522

(814) 623-1675

(814) 623-7285 FAX

Add a color to your display classified ad for only $49. Please call Shelby to make arrangements 1-800-551-7379 ext. 523 waterwelljournal.com

125 Pump Hoists 2011 Models

Used Equipment in Stock

S4,000 Pump Hoist, 8,000# cap., 35 telescoping mast, 30 gal. oil tank, hydro pump, 5T safety hook, hydro controls and variable speed engine control . . . . . . . . . . . . $14,245

M33 Jessen/Monitor, 1-PR, SB, 1995 Ford F-350, gas, 5 spd., 4 2, white . . . . $18,900

S6,000 Pump Hoist, 16,000# 3L cap., 35 telescoping mast, 30 gal. oil tank, hydro pump, 5T safety hook, hydro controls and variable speed engine control . . . . . $16,445

5T Smeal, 1-PR, flatbed, toolboxes, 2004 Ford F-650, Cummins, 4 2, white . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$34,950

S8,000 Pump Hoist, 22,000# 3L cap., 36 telescoping mast, 30 gal. oil tank, hydro pump, 7T safety hook, hydro controls and variable speed engine control . . . . . $20,845 S10,000 Pump Hoist, 30,000# 3L cap., 40 telescoping mast, 30 gal. oil tank, hydro pump, 9T safety hook, hydro controls and variable speed engine control . . . . . $28,545 S12,000 Pump Hoist, 48,000# 4L cap., 44 telescoping mast, 6000# tail out line, 72 gal. oil tank, hydro pump, 11T safety hook, hydro controls and variable speed engine control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $32,945 S15,000 Pump Hoist, 60,000# 4L cap, 48 telescoping mast, 6000# tail out line, 72 gal. oil tank, hydro pump, 13T safety hook, hydro controls and variable speed engine control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $40,645 S20,000 Pump Hoist, 80,000# 4L cap, 40 telescoping mast, 6000# tail out line, 72 gal. oil tank, hydro pump, 13T safety hook, hydro controls and variable speed engine control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$53,845 S25,000 Pump Hoist, 100,000# 4L cap, 40 telescoping mast, 6000# tail out line, 100 gal. oil tank, hydro pump, 15T safety hook, hydro control and variable speed engine control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$61,545 S30,000 Pump Hoist, 120,000# 4L cap, 40 telescoping mast, 6000# tail out line, 100 gal. oil tank, hydro pump, 15T safety hook, hydro control and variable speed engine control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$76,945

New Equipment in Stock S6,000 SEMCO, 35 , PTO, RC, PR, 2 spd., aux., blue and white, 11 bed, toolboxes, 2011 Dodge Ram 5500, 6.7L diesel, 6 spd., automatic, 4 4, white . . . . . . . . . . . . . $77,598

128 Pump Pullers

M34 Jessen/Monitor, RC, PR, SB w/1992 GMC Top Kick, 3116 Cat, 5 spd. . . $19,500

8T Smeal, w/2002 Chev. 5 spd. gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$37,500 Walker-Neer 20T rated, double cathead, sandreel, 3rd leg 1976 Chevy . . . . . $19,500 S6,000 SEMCO, 35 , PTO, 2 spd., RC, PR, aux., light kit, 11 bed, toolboxes, 2008 Dodge 3500, 6.7 Cummins, 6 spd. stand., 4 4, red . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$52,585 S12,000H SEMCO, 44 , HS PTO, SR, oil cooler, 2 spd., 2-aux., PR, BC outriggers, light kit, 16 bed, toolbox, 2006 Intl. 4300, DT466, auto., yellow . . . . . . . . . . . $87,039 S15,000 SEMCO, 48 , BO cylinder, cathead, aux., 2 spd., power arm, power tong hookup, 18 bed, toolboxes, 2007 Freightliner, diesel, automatic 5 spd. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $82,572

860-651-3141

fax 860-658-4288

TRACTION MOBILITY PERFORMANCE AND PREFERRED

S25,000 SEMCO, 50 , AS PTO, BO cylinder, BC outriggers, 2 spd., SR, power tong hookup, 2-aux., oil cooler, light kit, power arm, 20 bed, toolboxes, 2006 International 4300, 6 spd. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $127,000

Upcoming Trades 2004 Dodge w/S6,000 SEMCO 2008 Dodge w/S6,000 SEMCO

PUL-A-PUMP DO THE WORK

LET

SEMCO Inc. P.O. Box 1216 7695 U.S. Highway 287 North Lamar, CO 81052 (719) 336-9006 / (800) 541-1562 Fax (719) 336-2402 semcopumphoist@yahoo.com www.SEMCOoflamar.com See our ad on page 21.

973-697-2008 P.O. Box 155, Stockholm, NJ 07460 www.pulapump.com

PUL-A-PUMP CORPORATION

Put your company’s message here! Classified advertising is a great way to reach the water well industry. Call Shelby to make arrangements at 1-800-551-7379 ext 523.

Twitter @WaterWellJournl

Water Well Journal November 2011 77/

135 Rigs Weber Group LC Contact Kelly 480-229-0748

2007 FRASTE Model 250 Air and mud rotary drill Diesel engine 187 KW Weight 55K Pull of rotary head 12000KG Drill Hours 3213 Thrust 8000KG Main winch 3600 KG Asking 300K

1977 TH-50 high torque top head drive, large water course swivel, 225 of 4.5 drill pipe and accessories, mounted on Autocar with 230 Cummins. Current ND plates and DOT inspection. $75,000. Call (701) 238-5409 or e-mail tsolson1@hotmail.com

EnLink Geoenergy Services Inc. (424) 242-1212 www.enlinkgeoenergy.com

1998 Ford F-800 diesel. 88,333 miles. Bucyrus Erie 20W cable tool rig with a 353 Detroit Diesel deck engine. Truck and rig in excellent working order. The unit was rebuilt including the main shafts and clutches. Asking $30,000. Tooling available at extra cost.

132 Rig Equipment 1985 Ford F-800 diesel. 193,000 miles. Bucyrus Erie 22W cable tool rig with 353 Detroit Diesel deck engine. Truck and rig in working order. Rig rebuilt including main clutches and shafts. $30,000.

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www.eniddrill.com 580-234-5971 Fax 580-234-5980

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New rigs—custom designs

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Quality rig repair service

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New and used equipment needs

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“Transfer of Technology” - the must have book for all drillers!

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Add a color to your display classified ad for only $49. Please call Shelby to make arrangements 1-800-551-7379 ext. 523 waterwelljournal.com

135 Rigs

176 Water Level Measurement

DRILLING EQUIPMENT Parts, Sales & Service

Phone: 760-384-1085

Fax: 760-384-0044

www.wellprobe.com Phone: (540) 982-8001 Fax: (540) 342-0546 nolanddrill@noland.com

Sonic Water Level Meters Since 1978 Time Tested & Customer Approved 303-443-9609

NEW, USED, REBUILT ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾

Rotary Heads

Air Compressors Gearboxes Swivels

www.nolanddrilling.com

Waterline Envirotech Water level indicators made in the USA for over 30 years.

360-676-9635

Ground Water Monitoring Instrumentation Geokon, Inc. manufactures high quality hydrological instrumentation suitable for a variety of ground water monitoring applications.

www.waterlineusa.com

Geokon instruments utilize vibrating wire technology providing measurable advantages and proven long-term stability. The World Leader in Vibrating Wire Technology

160 Trucks

FOR SALE: 1977 Speedstar Mod. SS-135, 5 6 G.D., retractable 81⁄2 DSM rotary pulldown. Call (361) 782-1555 or (361) 7822880.

Twitter @WaterWellJournl

30-Freightliner Trucks 6 6, 60 Series Detroit, HT740, Allison Trans., Rockwell Axle, 68KGVW, 315/80 R22.5 Michelin, Low Miles SEMCO, Inc. Phone (800) 541-1562

Geokon, Incorporated 48 Spencer Street Lebanon, New Hampshire 03766 | USA

TM

1 • 603 • 448 • 1562 1 • 603 • 448 • 3216 info@geokon.com www.geokon.com

Put your company’s message here! Classified advertising is a great way to reach the water well industry. Call Shelby to make arrangements at 1-800-551-7379 ext 523. Water Well Journal November 2011 79/

178 Water Treatment

Didn’t find what you were looking for?

! "

& *

Try NGWA’s Career Center at www.careers.ngwa.org for more opportunities. Whether you are looking for the right job or the right employee, the NGWA Career Center can provide you with an industry-specific listing to hone your search. Questions? Call Rachel at 800 551.7379, ext 504, or e-mail at rjones@ngwa.org.

$% %!

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AER-MAXsystems for sulfur and iron problems

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180 Water Trucks Specializing in quality custom built epoxy coated Flattanks any gallon or tank length sizes with or without material handling IMT cranes. All tanks are sandblasted and painted with polyurethane paint. Many options available.

Engineered for convenience and durability, allows the user to operate at any type of drilling operation. Our drill site rig tenders are built with simplicity and functionality. Call us for our used truck – new tank inventory list.

NORTHWEST FLATTANKS Air Pump Water Solutions, Inc.

Steve Wipf (406) 466-2146 E-mail: steve@northwestflattanks.com

Check out our

new Web site Cell (406) 544-5914 www.northwestflattanks.com

10983-E Guilford Road • Annapolis Junction, MD 20701

e-mail: sales@air-pump.com

1-877-4-AER-MAX 1-877-423-7629

80/ November 2011 Water Well Journal

184 Well Packers

waterwelljournal.com

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185 Well Rehab

184 Well Packers

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Serving Your Complete Packer Needs i INFLATABLE PACKERS - Water Well, Environmental, Pressure Grout, Wireline. Custom Sizes & Fabrication available i MECHANICAL PACKERS - Freeze Plugs, Custom Applications Call or email us with all your Packer questions!!

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Toll-Free: 1-888-572-2537 Email: info@QSPPackers.com Manufactured by Vanderlans & Sons 1320 S. Sacramento St. • Lodi, CA 95240www.QSPPackers.com • 209-334-4115 • Fax 209-339-8260 Fax # : 253-770-0327 Web: Prompt Shipping in the US & Internationally—Usually in just One Day!!

195 Wire Rope

Applications Include: +\GURORJLFDO 7HVWLQJ ‡ ,QMHFWLRQ :LWKGUDZDO ‡ 6WDQGDUG &XVWRP 6L]HV 0DWHULDOV :DWHU 0LQLQJ (QYLURQPHQWDO ‡ *URXWLQJ 6DPSOLQJ *HRWHFKQLFDO +\GURIUDFWXULQJ ‡ 5HFLUFXODWLRQ :HOOV ‡ 6WHDP ,QMHFWLRQ ‡ 5HOLQH &DVLQJ To discuss your questions and applications, call

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Please call Shelby to make arrangements 1-800-551-7379 ext. 523 Water Well Journal November 2011 81/

186 Well Screens

ENVIRONMENTAL SERIES

3/4-inch 1-inch 1.25-inch 1.5-inch 2-inch

Advantages of Surge Block Method Most effective way to develop any well Produces more water, less color and turbidity Only the surge block method “back washes” the well screen, removing clay bridge, sands and silts Flexible wiper creates suction and pulls water into the screen (not available with other methods) Constructed of inert long-lasting materials Capable of lifting water over 50 feet Removable ball valve prevents water from flowing back into well and will not clog with sediments Fast, effective and saves time and money

PRODUCTION SERIES

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4”,5” Well screen manufacturer: stainless steel, galvanized and carbon steel. Sizes: 0.75" to 24.0" OD. Rod base, pre-pack and pipe base screens. Environmental flush joint monitor pipe, T&C stainless drop pipe, drive points, etc. Contact: Jan or Steve 18102 E. Hardy Rd., Houston, TX 77073 Ph: (281) 233-0214; Fax: (281) 233-0487 Toll free: (800) 577-5068 www.alloyscreenworks.com

JOURNAL

For more information visit: www.welldeveloper.com 850.727.4427

A PUBLICATION OF THE NATIONAL GROUND WATER ASSOCIATION

Classified Advertising Rates

Line Classified Ads (2 ⁄4 column—approx. 39 letters and spaces per line): $8 per line, $32 minimum (4 lines) 1

FIBERGLASS REINFORCED EPOXY MONITOR WELL CASING AND SCREENS x x x x

2” 3” 4” 6” Flush Joint Casing and Screens High temperature material available Low cost 100% inert Sensitive PPB Monitor wells

6””

There is no discount for multiple runs. No new equipment advertising accepted in line advertisements.

Display Classified Ads Single column 21⁄4 inches wide OR Double column 411⁄16 inches wide (per column inch – min. depth 2 column inches): 1 month: $60 per inch 3 months: $58 per inch 6 months: $55 per inch 12 months: $49 per inch

Fiberglasswellsystems.com (512) 358-7388 Austin, TX

82/ November 2011 Water Well Journal

To place a classified advertisement in Water Well Journal, please send ad text to Shelby Fleck by e-mail at sfleck@ngwa.org or fax to 614 898.7786. Upon receipt, you will be contacted and provided a quote. Thank you!

waterwelljournal.com

INDEX OF Card No./ Page

Card No./ Page

A.O. Smith Electrical Products 1 14 (937) 667-2431 www.aosmithmotors.com A.Y. McDonald Mfg. 2 1 (800) 292-2737 www.aymcdonald.com Baker Mfg., Water Systems Division 3 IFC (800) 523-0224 www.bakermfg.com Better Water Industries 4 17 (507) 247-5929 www.betterwaterind.com Boshart Industries 5 47 (800) 561-3164 www.boshart.com CCV Engineering & Mfg. 6 37 (800) 671-0383 www.ariesccv.com Carmeuse Industrial Sands 7 59 (800) 947-7263 www.carmeusena.com Centennial Plastics 8 10 (402) 462-2227 www.centennialplastics.com Chlorinators 9 83 (800) 327-9761 www.regalchlorinators.com Cotey Chemical 10 51 (806) 747-2096 www.coteychemical.com C.R.I. Pumps 11 31 www.cripumps.com Delta Screens 12 13 (713) 856- 0300 www.deltascreens.com Eno Scientific 13 8 (910) 778- 2660 www.enoscientific.com Flomatic 14 15 (800) 833-2040 www.flomatic.com GEFCO/King Oil Tools 15 24 (800) 759-7441 www.gefco.com Geoprobe ® Systems 16 41 (800) 436-7762 17 71 www.geoprobe.com Grundfos Pumps 18 5 (913) 227-3400 www.us.grundfos.com Gus Pech Mfg. 19 55 (800) 383-7324 www.guspech.com Heron Instruments 20 59 (800) 331-2032 www.heroninstruments.com Hoeptner Perfected Products 21 17 (408) 847-7615 www.freezeflow.com

Hydroflo Pumps 22 39 www.hydroflopumps.com IPI Well Products 23 62 (406) 446-9940 www.inflatable-packers.com Indar Pumps 24 68 (954) 563-8437 www.indarpump.com In-Situ 25 57 (800) 446-7488 www.in-situ.com Jet-Lube 26 IBC (800) 538-5823 (713) 678-4604 (fax) Johnson Screens 27 43 (651) 636-3900 www.johnsonscreen.com L.B. Foster 28 9 (800) 355-5360 www.lbfoster.com/ threadedproducts Laibe/Versa-Drill 29 32 (317) 231-2250 www.laibecorp.com Lorentz Solar Water Pumps 30 OBC (888) 535-4788 (866) 593-0777 www.lorentz.de Marks Products 31 17 (800) 255-1353 www.geovision.org MARL Technologies 32 16 (800) 404-4463 www.marltechnologies.com Merrill Mfg. 33 69 (712) 732-2760 www.merrillmfg.com Mount Sopris Instruments 34 66 (303) 279-3211 www.mountsopris.com Mud Technology International 35 25 (903) 675-3240 www.mud-tech.com NGWA/Awards 36 53 (800) 551-7379 www.ngwa.org NGWA/Certification 37 36 (800) 551-7379 www.ngwa.org NGWA/Ground Water Expo 39 22 (800) 551-7379 www.ngwa.org NGWA/Membership 40 65 (800) 551-7379 www.ngwa.org NGWA/NGWREF 41 70 (800) 551-7379 www.ngwa.org

Twitter @WaterWellJournl

Card No./ Page

NGWA/Pacific Northwest Expo 42 (800) 551-7379 www.ngwa.org NGWA/WellGuard 43 (800) 551-7379 www.ngwa.org North Houston Machine 44 (800) 364-6973 nhmi2@earthlink.net Pentair Water 45 (262) 728-5551 www.pentairwater.com Powers Electric Products 46 (559) 275-3030 www.powerselectric.com SEMCO 47 (719) 336-9006 www.semcooflamar.com SIMCO Drilling Equipment 48 (855) 222-8570 www.simcodrill.com Sonic Drill 49 (604) 888-1388 www.sonic-drill.com Southwire 50 (770) 832-4590 www.southwire.com

12

19

37

26

11

21

50

30

ADVERTISERS Card No./ Page

Star Iron Works 51 (814) 427-2555 www.starironworks.com Sumoto 52 0444/490515 www.sumoto.com Tibban Mfg. 53 (760) 954-5655 www.tibban.com U.S. Silica 54 (800) 257-7034 www.us-silica.com Well-Vu Camera 55 (800) WELLVU1 www.wellvu.com WILO USA 56 (403) 276-9456 www.wilo-na.com Windmill 702 57 (956) 717-2900 www.windmill702.com WorldWide Electric 58 (800) 808-2131 www.worldwideelectric.net Wyo-Ben 59 (800) 548-7055 www.wyoben.com

63

44

2

51

57

7

64

38

11

49

1

GREEN MACHINE

REGAL™ GAS CHLORINATORS

REGAL leads the industry in green technology. The REGAL Gas Chlorinator lowers energy costs and chemical costs by using 100% chlorine which is a natural element. SAFE, RELIABLE, EFFICIENT AND ECONOMICAL • ALL-VACUUM DESIGN • EASY TO MAINTAIN & CLEAN • ENGINEERED FOR LESS DOWNTIME & CORROSION RESISTANCE • FEWEST PARTS • FAST DELIVERY • MADE IN THE USA

For Gas Chlorine, Choose Regal's GREEN Machine!

For more info, call Jill at 1-800-327-9761 1044 SE Dixie Cutoff Road, Stuart, FL 34994 USA • Tel: 772-288-4854 Fax: 772-287-3238 • www.regalchlorinators.com • Email: regal@regalchlorinators.com Circle card no.9

Water Well Journal November 2011 83/

CLOSING

TIME

Bach Drilling of Ellensburg, Washington, drills a 363-foot domestic exempt well (22 gpm) in 2007 in the mountains overlooking Thorp and Ellensburg in Lower Kittitas County. Photo courtesy Bach Drilling

Touted as the world’s greatest hobby, Barry Sandford built half of his garden railway while the other half came from a kit. Sandford enjoys being an active member of the Maine Garden Railway Society and is also a past president of the Maine Ground Water Association.

Past presidents of the National Ground Water Association (left to right) Tom Downey, CWD/PI, Scott Fowler, CWD/PI, and Alan Eades, CWD/PI enjoy the fruits of their labor from a four-day summer fishing trip in Nootka Sound on Vancouver Island, British Columbia. They caught their fair share of king salmon, ranging in size from 17 to 30 pounds. Fowler’s brother, Bruce, and father, Ken, a past NGWA Board Director, were also on the trip.

More than 50 attended a summer open house just two miles down the road from Sandford’s business, which is located 50 miles north of Augusta. A total of 350 feet of railway track weaved through Sandford’s backyard.

“We want to try and do something together at least once a year,” Scott Fowler says of scheduling outings with fellow past NGWA presidents.

Sandford, owner of Pine State Drilling Inc. in Athens, Maine, along with his wife, Rebecca (“Buckie”), hosted the summer open house for the Maine Garden Railway Society. A member of the MGRS since 2002, Sandford became fascinated with model railways when he was 6 and has made it one of his hobbies ever since. To see more photos from the open house, visit the MGRS member blog at http://mgrsmembers.blog spot.com. Photos courtesy Maine Garden Railway Society “Closing Time” is the page of Water Well Journal that showcases—you! It will always feature a few pictures of people at work at job sites around the world. Please send in photos and brief descriptions and you just

84/ November 2011 Water Well Journal

may be the subject on the last page of an issue of WWJ. And remember, if your photo is selected as the cover image of WWJ, you receive $250. If your photos are selected, you will be

asked to fill out a photo disclaimer form that grants the National Ground Water Association the royalty-free right to display the photos. Please send high-resolution digital photos to tplumley@ngwa.org.

waterwelljournal.com

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