April 2012 by David Evener

Women Working in the Groundwater Industry, page 29

JOURNAL

April 2012

A PUBLICATION OF THE NATIONAL GROUND WATER ASSOCIATION

Breathing New Life into a Water Well, page 21 Also inside: Chlorine Myths Debunked, page 25

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JOURNAL

Vol. 66, No. 4 April 2012 www.waterwelljournal.org

A PUBLICATION OF THE NATIONAL GROUND WATER ASSOCIATION

FEATURED ARTICLES 21 Breathing New Life into a Water Well By Mike Price

The tried and true methods of regular preventive well maintenance is the answer. 25 Chlorine Myths Debunked By Jennifer Strawn

Industry professionals clear up misconceptions of the widely used chemical. 29 Women Working in the Groundwater Industry By Mike Price

Each industry segment features women who share their talents in helping to protect groundwater. Page 21

IN EVERY ISSUE

DEPARTMENTS In This Issue What You’re Saying Industry Newsline The Log Web Notes Coming Events Newsmakers State Watch Featured Products Classified Marketplace Index of Advertisers Closing Time

6 Editor’s Note Distracted and Driving Don’t Mix 17 WellGuard Lockout/Tagout—Important Safety Information

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About the cover A 2009 Smeal 5T Hoist Truck owned by Tumwater Drilling and Pump Inc. is set up at a job site near a church outside of Waterville, Washington. Tumwater Drilling and Pump is located in Leavenworth, Washington. Photo by property owner Walt Gearhart and submitted by Lance Ballew, Tumwater Drilling and Pump. ®

Member of BPA Worldwide. The Water Well Journal (ISSN #0043-1443) is published monthly by the National Ground Water Association, 601 Dempsey Rd., Westerville, OH 43081. Printed and mailed at Beaver Dam, Wisconsin, and additional mailing offices. Postal acceptance: Periodical (requester subscription circulation) postage paid at Westerville, Ohio, and at additional mailing offices. Postmaster: Send address changes to Water Well Journal, 601 Dempsey Rd., Westerville, OH 43081. Canada Post/ Publications Mail Agreement #40739533. Return address: 4960-2 Walker Rd., Windsor, ON N9A 6J3.

Twitter @WaterWellJournl

Water Well Journal April 2012 3/

JOURNAL A PUBLICATION OF THE NATIONAL GROUND WATER ASSOCIATION

Advancing the expertise of groundwater professionals and furthering groundwater awareness.

Chief Executive Officer Kevin McCray, CAE kmccray@ngwa.org NGWA President John Pitz, CPI Director of Publications/Editor Thad Plumley tplumley@ngwa.org Associate Editor Mike Price

mprice@ngwa.org

Copyeditor Wayne Beatty

wbeatty@ngwa.org

Production and Design Janelle McClary jmcclary@ngwa.org Advertising Shelby Fleck Vickie Wiles

sfleck@ngwa.org vwiles@ngwa.org

Circulation Coordinator Katie McKee kmckee@ngwa.org Contributing Writers Ed Butts, PE, CPI; Donald W. Gregory; David T. Hanson; William J. Lynott; Michelle Nichols; Christine Reimer; Al Rickard, CAE; Jill Ross; Ron Slee; Stuart A. Smith, CGWP; Lana Straub; and Jennifer Strawn Editorial, Advertising, & Publishing Offices 601 Dempsey Rd., Westerville, OH 43081 (800) 551-7379 Fax: (614) 898-7786 Selected content from Water Well Journal is indexed on Ground Water On-Line™ at www.NGWA.org/gwonline ©Copyright 2012 by the National Ground Water Association. All rights reserved.

Page 29

FEATURED COLUMNISTS 32 Engineering Your Business by Ed Butts, PE, CPI Groundwater Treatment Part 5(b). Secondary Contaminants Removal

40 Safety Matters by Gary Ganson, CIH, CSP Hazard Communication—A New Look Updates to hazard standards are coming and early preparation will make compliance easier.

42 The Water Works by Ed Butts, PE, CPI Engineering the Basics Part 12(a). Hydrodynamics

46 Your Money by William J. Lynott Are You Diversified? Not as easy as it sounds, but it’s important for your portfolio.

50 The After Market by Ron Slee Customers and Employees Want You to Lead It isn’t good enough to be a follower anymore.

Our circulation is audited, ask for a statement today.

An APEX award winner nine consecutive years with 21 total awards, most in the groundwater industry.

4/ April 2012 Water Well Journal

52 Savvy Selling by Michelle Nichols A Rocket Ride to the Sales Stratosphere Your launch pad? Pen, paper, and a few minutes to calculate which aspects of your professional routine produce the greatest and fastest results. The views expressed in the columns are the authors’ opinions based on their professional experience.

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EDITOR’S

NOTE

Distracted and Driving Don’t Mix he Honda Accord my father was in at a stop sign crumbled like an accordion when it was hit from behind by a dump truck. Suddenly, the car was sliding through the fourway intersection. Fortunately—or rather luckily— it was not hit by an oncoming car. The impact of the collision was so forceful that the glass in my father’s car exploded and scratched the Lexus beside it at the stop sign. The reason for the accident? The driver of the work truck admitted his eyes were admiring the brand-new Lexus and not watching the road. It seems incidents like that are happening more and more today. Most often the culprit for the distraction is not a shiny car, but a cellular phone. It’s why the National Transportation Board recommended last year that all 50 states ban the use of electronic handheld devices while driving. Currently, no state completely bans cell phone use in cars, but nine have already banned the use of handheld phones. And you won’t hear a complaint from me. In fact, I completely agree with the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, which bans the use of handheld cell phones by drivers of commercial motor vehicles while traveling or drivers transporting hazardous materials that require placards to be displayed on their vehicles. As my father can attest, work trucks can do a lot of damage when they collide with a small car. Cell phones have revolutionized the way we do business,

but when you’re on the road operating a vehicle that outweighs everything around you by several tons, your full attention should be on the road. Calls to alert a customer or your office enable businesses to run smoother than ever, but unless you have a Bluetooth earpiece or dashboard-mountable microphone device, it’s best to pull over to the side of the road or a parking lot for these calls. And while it should be obvious, never send text messages while driving. Coincidently, the accident my father was in happened less than one year after I was hit at a stop sign by someone texting and driving, so I can assure you those accidents are real—and scary. Devices that block electronic information from entering or leaving a moving vehicle are now arriving on the market and are certain to grow in popularity. I suggest before one is placed on your company vehicle, develop good phone-and-road habits now. The driver of the truck that hit my father was sitting on a curb after the accident and told the police officer, “This is the worst day of my life.” The officer simply pointed to my father and said, “No it’s not because he’s okay.” You don’t want to ever be in such a conversation with an officer—especially one where the officer nods in agreement as an ambulance drives away.

Thad Plumley is the editor of WWJ and director of publications at the National Ground Water Association. He can be reached at tplumley@ngwa.org and on Twitter @WaterWellJournl.

Advertise your products and services to the groundwater industry’s most influential readership. Call Shelby Fleck and Vickie Wiles in the NGWA sales department at (800) 551-7379. ● ● ● ●

Approximately 25,000 readers every month. More than 19,000 are groundwater contractors. Approximately 4000 reside in professions also allied to the field. Readers reside in every state, Canada, and other international locations. Circulation is audited by BPA Worldwide. Ask for a statement.

6/ April 2012 Water Well Journal

Shelby Fleck

Disclaimer Water Well Journal and the National Ground Water Association provide information for guidance and information purposes only. This publication is not intended to provide investment, tax, or legal advice. The information contained herein has been compiled from sources deemed reliable and it is accurate to the best of our knowledge and belief; however, Water Well Journal and the National Ground Water Association cannot guarantee as to its accuracy, completeness, and validity and cannot be held liable for any errors or omissions. All information contained herein should be independently verified and confirmed. Water Well Journal and the National Ground Water Association do not accept any liability for any loss or damage howsoever caused in reliance upon such information. Reader agrees to assume all risk resulting from the application of any of the information provided by Water Well Journal and the National Ground Water Association. Trademarks and copyrights mentioned within Water Well Journal are the ownership of their respective companies. The names of products and services presented are used only in an educational fashion and to the benefit of the trademark and copyright owner, with no intention of infringing on trademarks or copyrights. No endorsement of any third-party products or services is expressed or implied by any information, material, or content referred to in the Water Well Journal. Subscriptions/Back Issues For questions, changes or problems with your subscription call Katie McKee. Subscriptions: Water well contractors and other qualified groundwater industry personnel in U.S. and Canada — free; others in U.S. — $105 per year; $15 per copy. Canada – $120 per year; $24 per copy. International: $140 per year; $35 per copy. Subscriptions available through NGWA offices only. We reserve the right to refuse subscriptions to anyone not directly engaged in the groundwater industry. Claims for missing issues must be made in writing within three months of publication and will be subject to the availability of back issues. Advertising Disclaimer Advertisers and advertising agencies assume liability for all content (including text, representation, and illustrations) of advertisements printed and also assume responsibility for any claims arising therefrom made against the publisher. The publisher reserves the right to reject any advertising that it believes is not in keeping with the publication's standards or is deemed unsuitable or misleading.

Vickie Wiles

waterwelljournal.com

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IN THIS

ISSUE

he April issue of Water Well Journal focuses on well rehabilitation and has a pair of stories designed to aid you at the job site.

Associate Editor Mike Price reminds readers about the importance of regular preventive well maintenance in his cover story, “Breathing New Life into a Water Well,” on page 21. In use for years because they work, these basic preventive well maintenance methods are covered in the article, making it a useful resource for industry personnel. Price speaks with a certified well driller and pump installer and a consultant about these key methods. In the accompanying sidebar article, a list of takeaway Mike Price tips is provided by Kevin McGinnis, president of Cotey Chemical Corp. in Lubbock, Texas. McGinnis gives workshops on how regular maintenance leads to improved well life. The company’s mission is to provide products that can be safely and easily applied by nontechnical personnel for maintenance, development, or sterilization of household, industrial, and irrigation water wells. Freelance writer Jennifer Strawn goes over some popular industry beliefs in “Chlorine Myths Debunked” on page 25. She points out that chlorinating can get rid of viruses and harmful bacteria like coliform bacteria, but only when done correctly. And despite recent publicized research, misconceptions still exist. With feedback from multiple industry profes-

sionals, including two past National Ground Water Research and Educational Foundation McEllhiney Lecturers, she goes over the following myths: The more chlorine you use, the better. Dropping the chlorine in and flushing the well is all you need to do. Shock chlorination eliminates odors in the well. Household bleach and swimming pool chlorine work just as well as water well products. Chlorinating a well is a cure-all. Columnist Ed Butts, PE, CPI, continues his series on groundwater treatment in the latest installment of Engineering Your Business with “Secondary Contaminants Removal” on page 32. Butts discussed some of the most common secondary contaminants in March and now delves into some of the treatment and removal methods available. Discussed are methods of water softening such as ion or anion exchange, including sodium cycle cation exchange, as well as iron and manganese treatEd Butts, PE, CPI ment systems that employ the dual treatment processes of oxidation and filtration. Price also catches up with various members of the industry for a unique look at “Women Working in the Groundwater Industry.” The feature article on page 29 highlights women from each industry segment—scientists and engineers, contractors, manufacturers, and suppliers—who have dedicated their talents in helping to protect groundwater. All of these women share a common mind-set of the need to give back to

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Living His Dream

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professional n his soft, golf. yes sir, no sir, “I’m country as it BY MIKE PRIC collar upbri drawl, Tommgets” South Carolina nging in E y Gainey’s small-tow ity and perso n Bishopville South Caro tional PGA game screams unco nal, “He deser nvenlina, 50 miles Tour golf ever achie ves every accolade east of Colu profession The distin ves that al. mbia . His harder than because nobody work he humblenes his baseball-lict twang in his accen s—not typihim,” says t s younger broth cally seen Tommy’s ing with two ke golf swing to play-to in er ego-driven today’s “Two Glov gloves that led to his Outside of and best friend, Allen , look-at-me es” nickn talen . t, luck, ame, Gain a circle of sports world living proof or hard work ey is supp —is both that being , ily and frien orters composed honest and in profession different work of famrefreshing ds is critic . It’s of a profe al to the succe trait of Gain knock a man al golf. Yes, you can’t s ssion ey’s that runs yet another for backed Gain al golfer. Many have ss grain. “God gave staying true to form against the ey financially . his father, talent to put me this ability and He is stead , including Tommy Sr., this it to good fast in sayin his 401(k who dippe fame will things, and use and do g money ) savings neve d into that’s my great to keep his ing closer plan, “If that happ r change him, admi and 35-year-ol son inchto reaching d whose playi ” says the tting ens, I’ve lost. the PGA Tour. have fun with continuing And now I just try to to ascend. ng career is it. That’s wants more that he has arrived, about.” what it’s all Humility Gainey . makes up this 6-foo Sponsored It was neve t, 180-pound a large part of Smith Corp by former employer or being seen r about huge payc golfer. It was profession hecks ., a global A. O. al manufactu residentia on television by millions of view make it on born from his strug l and comm rer of ers gles to the PGA Tour . No, what ercial wate ing equip loving but and his bluement r heatdetermine drove the fund Gainey his first PGA , Gainey is vying he was 15 ever to win was simp Tour since The le: to beco fessional Masters Tour event and qualify Mike Price me a progolfer. for is the associ name nt. editor of Water ate “Hopefully They say one Well Journ dream becau one day he’ll get to do so. Gain needs talent and In addition his to his WWJ al. luck se ey life can is about dream responsibilities, Price attest Tommy Sr. when it came says. s,” to making to that, but newsletters produces NGWA’s reality, he his dream and contri preferred butes the tried and a saying that It’s the mid- ● ● ● scientific publicto the Association’s true “anything quarterly 1990s, and ation. He can work in havin mprice@ng life Gain ing at A. O. g is worth be reached worth wa.org. at working for,” Smith’s engin ey is lab, testin ingrained a lesson eering g hot by pany’s plant water heaters at textile mill parents who labored 52/ June 2011 the comindustry. in the in McB Water Well He soon move ee, South Caro Journal lina. s to wrapping tion aroun insul d the tanks on the assem ably Twitter @Wa terWellJourn l

Seen on Twitter A. O. Smith Corp., a global manufacturer of residential and commercial water heating equipment, sponsors professional golfer Tommy Gainey. Water Well Journal profiled Gainey, a member of the PGA tour, in the June 2011 issue. Gainey was recently featured in a golf club television commercial. As tweeted by @ AOSmithHotWater on February 13: Check out former A. O. Smith employee @TwoGlovesGolf from the rooftops of Las Vegas. Congrats Tommy! www.youtube.com/watch?v= cDOun4XE_ZI

To read the WWJ profile on Gainey, visit waterwelljournal.org/2011/06/ living-his-dream.

800-523-0224 www.bakermfg.com 10/ April 2012 Water Well Journal

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INDUSTRY

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Texas Supreme Court Rules Landowners Also Own Groundwater The Associated Press in Austin, Texas, reports the Texas Supreme Court ruled February 24 that landowners have an ownership interest in the water underneath their land, a decision that could impact statewide efforts to manage water resources. The highly anticipated ruling is the court’s most significant decision on who owns water that flows underground. Both the state and water management districts had asked the court to reconsider a 1904 decision that groundwater was too “occult and mysterious” to understand, and therefore the state could not regulate how much a property owner could pump from underground. Scientists have since mapped how water flows through aquifers and can predict what happens downstream when someone pumps water upstream. The city of San Antonio relies on the Edwards Aquifer for its water supply, and the authority sought to restrict pumping from it to guarantee water supplies. The authority says it should not

have to pay for reasonable restrictions on how much a landowner can pump from the aquifer. But two landowners, Burrell Day and Joel McDaniel, sued the authority, demanding to be compensated for the loss of their right to pump water for their farm. The decision expanded a property owner’s rights, saying landowners not only had the right to pump the water, but they also actually own it in the same way a landowner may own oil and gas below their property. “Whether groundwater can be owned in place is an issue we have never decided,” the court wrote. “But we held long ago that oil and gas are owned in place, and we find no reason to treat groundwater differently.” The implication is that if the state wants to restrict the use of water, they must pay the landowner what the water is worth. “The likely result of this opinion will be more, not less, litigation over groundwater management in Texas,” says Ken Kramer, director of the Lone State Chapter of the Sierra Club. “The court has done a huge disservice

to everyone who has been working for proper management of the groundwater resources needed for our state’s people and our environment.” The issue is especially important in Central Texas, where much of the drinking water supply moves across the state in underground aquifers, and in West Texas, where farmers depend on aquifers for farming. The Edwards Aquifer Authority issued a statement saying it was studying the decision, which sends the case back to state district court for trial.

Study Shows No Evidence of Groundwater Contamination from Hydraulic Fracturing Hydraulic fracturing of shale formations to extract natural gas has no direct connection to reports of groundwater contamination, based on evidence reviewed in a study released February 16 by the Energy Institute at the University of Texas at Austin. The study, released at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Vancouver, British Columbia, found many

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problems ascribed to hydraulic fracturing are related to processes common to all oil and gas drilling operations, such as casing failures or poor cement jobs. University researchers also concluded many reports of contamination can be traced to above-ground spills or other mishandling of wastewater produced from shale gas drilling, rather than from hydraulic fracturing itself, said Charles â&#x20AC;&#x153;Chipâ&#x20AC;? Groat, an Energy Institute associate director who led the project. â&#x20AC;&#x153;These problems are not unique to hydraulic fracturing,â&#x20AC;? he says. The research team examined evidence contained in reports of groundwater contamination attributed to hydraulic fracturing in three prominent shale areasâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;the Barnett Shale in northern Texas; the Marcellus Shale in Pennsylvania, New York, and portions of Appalachia; and the Haynesville Shale in western Louisiana and northeast Texas. The report identifies regulations related to shale gas development and evaluates individual statesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; capacity to enforce existing regulations. In addition, university researchers analyzed public perceptions of hydraulic fracturing as derived from popular media, scientific literature, and online surveys. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Our goal was to provide policymakers a foundation for developing sensible regulations that ensure responsible shale gas development,â&#x20AC;? Groat said. â&#x20AC;&#x153;What weâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve tried to do is separate fact from fiction.â&#x20AC;? Faculty members from across the University of Texas campus participated in the research, which the Energy Institute funded. The Environmental Defense Fund also assisted in developing the scope of work and methodology for the study. Groat says researchers will supplement the study with an examination of reports relating to atmospheric emissions and seismic activity attributed to hydraulic fracturing, which have emerged as significant issues of concern in recent months.

Homebuilder Index Reaches Highest Level in Five Years Transport Topics reports confidence among U.S. homebuilders climbed more than anticipated in February to the highest level since May 2007, pointing to Twitter @WaterWellJournl

an improving outlook for construction, Bloomberg reported February 15. The National Association of Home Builders/Wells Fargo index of builder confidence rose for a fifth consecutive month, to 29, up from 25 in January. The reading topped economistsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; median forecast of a 26 reading. Readings below 50 mean more respondents said conditions were poor. The gauge, first published in January 1985, averaged 54 in the five years leading up to the recession in December 2007, and reached a record low of 8 in January 2009, Bloomberg says.

USGS Budget Proposes Funding for National Groundwater Monitoring Network President Barack Obamaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s 2013 budget request for the U.S. Geological Survey is $1.1 billion, $34.5 million above the 2012 enacted level. The 2013 proposal reflects administrative efficiencies and research priorities to respond to nationally relevant issues, including water quantity and quality, ecosystem restoration, and hydraulic fracturing.

NEWS/continues on page 14

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Water Well Journal April 2012 13/

NEWS/from page 13 As competition for water resources grows, so does the need for better information about water quality and quantity. WaterSmart, through the combined efforts of the USGS and the Bureau of Reclamation, provides information to address the nation’s water challenges. The USGS is proposing a total of $21 million for WaterSmart priorities, in support of the Department of the Interior’s Water Challenges initiative, and includes establishing a national groundwater monitoring network, assessing

how water quality influences water availability, and continuing water availability assessments in the Colorado River Basin, the Delaware River Basin, and the Apalachicola-ChattahoocheeFlint Basin. The National Ground Water Association and its members have been a leading champion for a national groundwater monitoring network. “The Association has recognized the water supply challenges ahead and the need to have sound scientific data to optimize groundwater resources to meet

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those challenges,” NGWA Government Affairs Director Chris Reimer says. In her public comments on the budget release, USGS Director Marcia McNutt recognized the contribution of NGWA and others in stating: “It’s been a really cooperative effort with partners out in the field . . . and there is recognition of the importance of groundwater and this network.”

Indiana Bill Could Impact Farmer’s Ability to Drill a Water Well on Property The Hoosier Farmer reported in late February a bill before the Indiana House of Representatives would overturn a recent Indiana Supreme Court decision. This decision could impact a farmer’s ability to drill a well and extract water on their property. Senate Bill 132 passed the Senate January 31 by a 37-11 vote and moved to the House Utilities and Energy Committee. The bill contains a provision that would overturn the recent decision by the Indiana Supreme Court in the case of Town of Avon vs. West Central Conservancy District. The decision held that the extraterritorial jurisdiction of a municipality to regulate a “watercourse” includes jurisdiction over aquifers up to 10 miles from its boundary. “This means that a municipality could regulate or charge for water from a private well,” says Bob Kraft, Indiana Farm Bureau’s state legislative director.

Construction Materials Prices Show Signs of Increasing The cost of construction materials is showing signs of accelerating after moderating in January, according to an analysis of producer price index figures and recent market information released February 16 by the Associated General Contractors of America. Ongoing price increases underscore the urgency of funding public construction projects promptly, association officials say. “Cost increases have slowed in recent months but haven’t disappeared,” says Ken Simonson, the association’s chief economist. “In fact, today’s producer price index report may be the low point, as manufacturers and commodi-

NEWS/continues on page 16 14/ April 2012 Water Well Journal

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NEWS/from page 14 ties markets are signaling that bigger increases may be just around the bend.” Simonson notes the price index for construction inputs—a weighted average of all materials used in construction plus items consumed by contractors, such as diesel fuel and tires on equipment—rose 0.4% from December to January and 4.5% over the past 12 months. Those increases were slightly higher than the rise in the overall producer price index for finished goods and the smallest year-over-year change for construction materials since 2010.

Radium Testing of Groundwater Shows the Most Susceptible U.S. Regions Groundwater in aquifers on the East Coast and in the central United States have the highest risk of contamination from radium, a naturally occurring radioactive element and a known carcinogen. According to a study conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey, radium was detected in concentrations that equaled or exceeded U.S. Environmental Protection Agency drinking water standards in more than one in five wells tested in

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the Mid-Continent and Ozark Plateau Cambro-Ordovician aquifer systems (underlying parts of Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Wisconsin) and the North Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system (underlying parts of Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Virginia). Radium is generally present at low levels in all soil, water, and rocks, including groundwater. However, the study found if the groundwater has low oxygen or low pH, radium is more likely to dissolve and become present in the groundwater.

ATA Files Suit on Hours-of-Service Rule The American Trucking Associations reports it asked a federal appeals court on February 14 to review the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration’s recently published hours-of-service rule, citing “changed assumptions” by the agency that went into developing the rule. The HOS rule, released in late December, reduces total driver hours to 70 from 82 per week and requires a 34hour rest period before drivers start a new workweek. ATA has objected in recent weeks to the 34-hour restart provision and a requirement that drivers take a break no later than eight hours into their driving time. After the HOS rule was released, several analysts said they expected lawsuits from the trucking industry and public safety groups. FMCSA was sued in 2003, 2006, and 2009 for allowing 11-hour driving shifts, Bloomberg reported. The third suit was settled with an agreement that the agency would redo the rule. ATA says it would “continue to work with FMCSA to implement rules and programs that are based on sound research,” including a mandate for electronic onboard recorders. If you have a news brief that you would like considered for this department, send a release to Mike Price, Water Well Journal, 601 Dempsey Rd., Westerville, OH 43081. E-mail: mprice@ngwa.org. Deadline: 15th of two months preceding publication (April 15 for June issue).

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s here we look in hazards the Newassociated Year, it’s are ahead a lot of a with good rotating time to look at protecting machinery, pinchyour vision.points, and nip or crush points in Deteriorating vision is one of the most the water well industry. troubling and early signs of aging or poor controls these hazardstoare often eyeThe health. Fromof nearsightedness macular built into specific guards, interlocks, degeneration, much can go wrong with or your other equipment visionsafety if yourdevices. eyes areWhen not properly caredisfor. being these engineerTheserviced, eyes can oftentimes start to change rapidly after agecontrols 40. You may noticeremoved that you seem to ing are either or disneed brighter or more to readrepairs fine print abled to complete thelight necessary or or see details. This If youcan never prescripmaintenance. leadneeded to significant tion lenses, you may find time. they are now injury potential and lost required for reading or close work. If you Effectively de-energizing equipment already wear prescription lenses or contacts isformore than simply shutting the power driving and distant vision, your switch off shutting theare engine. optometristormay advisedown bifocals now All types of equipment that contain needed. energy of any sort must effectively By age 40, most driversbewill notice they brought a zero energy state prior no longertocan see as well at night andto that headlight glare bothers them much more repair, service, or maintenance. than when theyiswere younger. This is Electricity the most obvious energy from thebut natural process but may source, thereaging are many others that be also aggravated further by highThese blood include, pressure, need to be de-energized. medications, diabetes, or smoking. These but are not limited to: hydraulic, pneuconditions can lead to progressive loss of matic, gravity,blindness and mechanical vision steam, and ultimately if not treated energy sources. And remember—energy properly. may remain stored even after theofpower Cataracts occur when the lens the eye or equipment is shut down. This inbecomes cloudy, causing double orcould blurred clude springs under compression, capacivision, problems with glare, and difficulty tors, orathydraulic pressure in the steering seeing night or in low light. Treatment varies from eyeglasses to surgery, including system of articulating front end loaders. possible lens implants depending on the The accidental startup or release of individual patient. Get treatment if detected energy on equipment can have disastrous early. Do not waitperforming for significant visionor results. Workers service impairment before seeking treatment.

We understand how hard you’ve worked to build your ground water contracting business, and we want to help you protect it. That’s why we’ve developed a customized insurance program that meets the most important needs of your business. We offer specialized coverages,

Glaucoma, a painless buildup of pressure in the eye, is a leading cause oforblindness. Taking a shortcut not You can lose your vision, particularly preplanning LOTO can result peripheral or side for vision, and not even realize it until the vision loss is significant. in severe or fatal injuries. African Americans over age 40, everyone else over age 60, and those with a family maintenance on machinery and equiphistory of glaucoma are at highest risk. Treatment is the simple daily use of eye ment are exposed to injuries from the drops or oralrelease medication if caught early. unexpected of energy. Diabetic Retinopathy is caused whento Lockout/Tagout (LOTO) is a way excessive blood damages theare tinynot vesmake certain allsugar energy sources sels that nourish the retina. All diabetics accidentally turned on or released while should have a comprehensive eye exam each someone is working on machinery. year. The National Institutes of Health advisSimply turning off a power switch is not es that 90% of diabetes-related blindness enough. You must (prevent can be prevented byde-energize controlling blood sugar, equipment from starting or moving), lock blood pressure, and cholesterol. it out, release stored energy, and test to Macular Degeneration is when abnormal make sure thegrow energy is off before blood vessels on the retina and workleak ing on the piece of equipment. blood, affecting central vision. The change thisand example. workcanConsider be so subtle gradualYou’re that it can go undetected for years, particularly if regular ing on a front end loader that needs a eye exams arehydraulic not performed. replacement line ofMacular a leaking degeneration a major ofand blindness cylinder. Youisraise the cause bucket place it forthe those over position 60. It is treated laserthe in “hold” while with you find therapy, medications, and miniature telescopleaking source. After leaning in under ic implants. the raised bucket, you notice a fine leak Retinal Tear or Detachment can occur hitting the floor. As you lean back out, from an injury, but also for no apparent reathe bucket abruptly comesfrom down! son. The retina pulls away the connecThe sudden rupture of the andand the tive tissue between the white ofhose the eye lack of a check valve caused the bucket the retina—its source of oxygen and nutrito fall. Use ofathe lockout bar” ents—causing risk“cylinder of permanent vision loss. Symptoms include a sudden abundance or properly placed hardwood blocking of floaters (specs or strings the eye), sudwould have controlled thisinstored energy. like downhole coverage, that are designed exclusively for the groundwater industry. Also, additional premium credits are available for NGWA-certified contractors. Endorsed by the National Ground Water Association, the program offers the financial

den Ifflashes of light or blurriness in the eye, you are unsure of the proper LOTO and a possible or fog overofpart of the procedures forshadow a specific piece equipvisual field. It should be noted that having ment, refer to the owner’s manual or one or two floaters in the eye is normal, but service manual for that specific piece of a sudden increase in the number of floaters equipment. Speak with your supervisor if calls for an eye examination. this is unavailable. Dry Eye occurs when tears are not Oftentimes, taking a shortcut or not enough to keep the eye moist. The result preplanning for LOTO can result in seis stinging, burning, redness, eye fatigue, vere or fatal injuries. It is always better pain, or badly blurred vision. Treatment canto take theover-the-counter time to think something through include or prescription eye drops. Minor correction maytaking be correctly thesurgical first time rather than needed in more extreme cases to open a chance. blocked glandsgoal or toistrap moisture in the Yourtear ultimate to return home eye. If left untreated, corneal scratching and from work safely each day, and by foleye infections can occur. lowing some basic safety procedures The secret to maintaining good vision is can meet thateye goal. ayou thorough annual exam by a qualified physician so that early treatment for any eye health or visiondoes impairments found during The Hartford not warrant that the exams can take place. the implementation of any recommenAny sudden changes in vision or change dation contained herein will result in in appearance of the eyes should result in a the elimination any unsafeDo condiprompt trip to theofoptometrist. not wait tions at next yourscheduled business locations or with for your annual exam. respect youreyes business Protecttoyour so youoperations. can continue to Theclearly Hartford no responsibility see intoassumes the future.

for the control or correction of hazards or legal compliance with respect to The NGWA Safety Program Manual has more informayour business practices. Readers seektion on this and other important safety topics. Help proing to resolve specific safety, ortoday tect yourself, your employees, and yourlegal business by contacting the NGWA Bookstore at 614 898.7791 business issues or concerns related to order your copy. In addition, members can access to the information provided should dozens of other free safety tips by logging in to the consult their safety member exclusives sectionconsultant, of the NGWA Web site, www.ngwa.org, and clickingadvisors. on “safety fact sheets.” attorney, or business

stability of The Hartford and the flexibility to use the local independent insurance agent of your choice. To learn more, please contact Jeff Blumberger at Willis Programs (the program administrator) at 860 756.7333, or visit their Web site at www.wellguard.com.

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THE

LOG

NEWS FROM THE NATIONAL GROUND WATER ASSOCIATION

NGWA to Host Conferences on Groundwater Issues in 2012

The National Ground Water Association is hosting a pair of conferences focusing on groundwater issues specific to certain regions of the United States here in 2012. The NGWA Focus Conference on Midwestern Groundwater Issues, June 26-27 in Columbus, Ohio, will concentrate on a host of topics: ● ● ● ● ●

Major seasonal flooding events impacting groundwater and wells Issues related to oil and shale gas production Increased water use for irrigation Biofuels development Other energy alternatives.

The NGWA Focus Conference on Gulf Coast Groundwater Issues, Octo-

ber 16-17 in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, will analyze what technologies, new tools, and technological advancements can be applied to meet this region’s challenges. To learn more about these conferences and to register, visit NGWA’s Web site at www.NGWA.org.

NGWA Provides Journals for Developing Nations NGWA recently shipped hundreds of journals to four groups in developing countries. After consolidating items in its Ground Water Information Center at its headquarters this winter, NGWA reached out to its Developing Nations Interest Group to see if there was interest in hundreds of extra copies of Water Well Journal, Ground Water, and Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation. Four groups expressed interest and the items were boxed and shipped in

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February to Bindura University in Zimbabwe, the University of Lagos in Nigeria, Haiti Missions in Haiti, and the Water Research Institute in Ghana. In all, each location received about 70 pounds of material and NGWA covered all the expenses for the shipping.

Safety Meeting Sheets Available from NGWA Press s Safety Meeting for the

stry Groundwater Indu

Company name and location

Safety Meeting for the Groundwater Industry ________________________________________________________

Date ____________________

Be a Safe Driver Practicing good safety habits when you are behind the wheel of a vehicle is crucial at all times. It is not just for long trips or when you are on the highways. Two-thirds of all accidents occur within 25 miles of home and half of all fatal accidents occur at speeds under 40 miles per hour. Each year an average of 5% of water well driller injuries are incurred in traffic accidents and 30% of the reported drilling fleet accidents involve the drilling company vehicle striking another vehicle in the rear because the driver was following too closely or not monitoring traffic conditions and the road ahead. Before you even start your vehicle, you need to fasten your seat belt. And make it a rule that everyone in your vehicle wears a seat belt too. When you are on the road, keep these things in mind: • Be alert and rested prior to each trip. • Driving while under the influence of alcohol, drugs, or fatigue is prohibited. • Drivers must have a valid driver’s license for the type of vehicle they are operating and have it with them at all times. • Other documents, such as DOT logs, may also be required. • Appropriate insurance cards must be carried at all times. • When you are on the road, travel at a safe speed, suitable to the surroundings and type of load you are carrying. Do not speed. • If the road you are on is wet or slippery, drive at a slow speed. • Never attempt to exercise the right of way; let others go first. • Watch for pedestrians—sound your horn to warn them that you are approaching. • Always look behind and to both sides of your vehicle’s rear before backing up. • If you are driving equipment onto a new site or a different part of a work site, inspect the proposed route to verify that there are no hazards (tight turns, under-rated bridges, low clearance areas). • Never follow vehicles so close that you will not be able to make a safe stop. A two-second minimum following distance in city traffic should be allowed for passenger cars and increasing following distances should be used when driving heavy trucks and trailers, including pickup trucks pulling trailers. Extra stopping distance is required when the road is wet or icy.

• Check your vehicle daily before each trip—check lights, tires, brakes, and steering. Never take an unsafe vehicle on the road. If required to complete a DOT vehicle inspection, do it properly and fill out the required form before starting your trip. • Verify load tie downs and security before each trip and at each rest stop. Dropped cargo or equipment is a financial loss to your company and may be fatal to another road user who hits it or swerves off the road while trying to avoid hitting the dropped item. • Clean mud, stones, and other debris off trailers and truck beds before going on the highway where these items can fly off and damage other vehicles or cause injury. • Report all accidents and incidents (dropped cargo, windshield claims, near misses) immediately to your supervisor/manager as well as reporting accidents to official agencies as required by law. • Rear-view and side mirrors should be viewed every three to five seconds. Know where vehicles are around you. Monitor your blind spots by twisting your head to look where the mirrors do not cover, especially during merges, lane changes, and turns. • Keep your eyes constantly moving to check road ahead conditions around you. Your sharp focus vision is roughly a circle 5 feet in diameter at 100 feet. • Be farsighted. In city traffic, look up into the next block or to the next traffic light so you know what problems ahead need to be avoided before driving into them. On the open highway, look at least one mile ahead or to the top of the hill, or as far around the curve up ahead as you can see. Remember, at 60 miles per hour you are approaching the hazard ahead at the rate of ¼ mile every 15 seconds and it can take you 400 feet or more at that distance to stop a medium truck when hitting the brakes. • Help other drivers to see your vehicle at all times. Use headlights early when driving in shadow areas like tree-covered roads, during inclement weather, or when low sun angles can blind other drivers. • Keep vehicle doors locked for security as well as to prevent them from flying open. • Do not transport passengers except in approved equipment. Never allow passengers to ride in the truck bed or the back of the cargo van.

Related topics discussed ______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Employee recommendations____________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________

Related MSDS ____________________ Subject __________________________________________________________ a part of your meet sheets are safe Staff attending meeting ____________________________ ________________________________________________ following safety steps to ensuring Make sure the ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ plan. You’ll be taking your company. ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ company’s safety the employees at be practiced by work habits will Supervisor/Manager signature ________________________________________________________________________________ These instructions do not supersede local, state, or federal regulations.

Safety is a critical issue for those working in the groundwater industry. With that in mind, NGWA provides a product that will enable companies to have detailed discussions on a variety of safety topics every week. Safety Meetings for the Groundwater Industry is a collection of 52 safety meeting sheets created so that a company can have an industry-specific “tailgate talk” each week over the course of a year. The sets are available for purchase in NGWA’s online bookstore. Talking points on a variety of industry-related safety topics are at the top of the sheets. The bottom contains an area where related topics and employee recommendations can be written. There is also a place for all employees attending and the supervisor or manager to sign, signifying their participation in the meeting. The sheets are created on two-part carbonless forms so they can be filed in a manager’s office, with a copy available if ever needed. Among the topics are hearing conservation, proper blocking of drill and pump service equipment, properly storing fiber rope, and safety from falling objects. The sets of 52 sheets cost $40 for NGWA members and $50 for nonmembers. Visit NGWA’s Bookstore at www.NGWA.org today to purchase a set, or call (800) 551-7379 or, outside the United States, call (614) 898-7791. waterwelljournal.com

WEB

NOTES

FIND IT ON THE NGWA WEB SITE, NGWA.ORG To see what all is available, visit www.prolibraries.com/ngwa.

Water Well Journal Recognized as “Industry Influencer” on Twitter JOURNAL

NGWA Seeks Professional Development Offerings for Presentation at 2012 Groundwater Expo

A PUBLICATION OF THE NATIONAL GROUND WATER ASSOCIATION

Groundwater professionals from all industry segments and all geographic areas will gather at the 2012 Groundwater Expo December 4-7 in Las Vegas, Nevada. Take this opportunity to share your expertise, research, or field trip venue and submit your proposal via NGWA’s electronic content management system (ngwa.confex.com/ngwa/ expo12/cfp.cgi) by April 27. Presentations must be technology transfer focused. The system will prompt you through the process. Titles should be 15 words or less, descriptions should be 150 words or less, and abstracts should be 300 words or less. The biographical information requested can be a maximum of 100 words and should indicate your training or education, current professional position, and expertise to present, moderate, or host an event. To learn more about submitting a proposal, visit ngwa.confex.com/ngwa/ expo12/cfp.cgi.

Water Well Journal’s Twitter account (@WaterWellJournl) was tabbed as an “industry influencer” by Reed Construction Data, a leading information provider to the construction industry. Reed Construction Data provides national, regional, and local construction industry project, cost, product, and economic information and services. As of late February, WWJ had 320 followers, sent out 506 tweets, and a Klout score of 30. Klout measures the influence of Twitter accounts using a range from 1 to 100, with higher scores corresponding to a higher assessment of the breadth and strength of an account’s online influence. Klout states on its Web site an average score is around 20. NGWA’s Twitter account (@ngwa tweets) has a Klout score of 41. It had 451 followers and had sent 787 tweets as of late February.

New Journal Web Site Offers Advertising Opportunities

Access Recordings and Slides from NGWA Groundwater Expo If you missed the 2011 Groundwater Expo, attended but were unable to sit in on a particular presentation, or simply want to hear a dynamic speaker again, NGWA has a tool for you. The Association has teamed with PROLibraries to offer on-demand online access to more than 60 sessions from the 2011 Expo. Now you and your staff will have access to the Expo’s professional development while still at your office. Expo attendees have free access to all the sessions, while those who did not attend can download available individual sessions for $45 or download all the sessions for $349. Twitter @WaterWellJournl

● ●

Skyscraper placement at $700 per month—one only (125 × 469 pixels) Side placement at $500 per month— limit of five (125 × 125 pixels)

For additional information, contact NGWA’s Shelby Fleck at sfleck@ngwa .org or call (800) 551-7379, ext. 523, or Vickie Wiles at vwiles@ngwa.org who can be reached at ext. 593. If outside the United States, call (614) 898-7791.

NGWA Career Center Works to Connect Those in Groundwater Industry Start your job search by visiting the NGWA Career Center at careers.ngwa .org, where job seekers can post their resume, view jobs, create a personal job alert, and set up a job seeker account and access it. The NGWA Career Center has been enhanced with new features to help connect members with new employment opportunities. Employers and recruiters now have access to your specialized niche. Among other things, employers and recruiters can review resumes, post jobs, and create an employer account and access it. Make use of the NGWA Career Center to meet all of your needs in today’s job market.

Stay Connected with NGWA Follow the National Ground Water Association on . . . Twitter www.Twitter.com/NGWAtweets Manufacturers and suppliers, supplement your print advertising in the leading industry resource, Water Well Journal, with a presence at its online home at www.waterwelljournal.com. WWJ’s Web site includes all content from the print edition, buyers guides, and news updated daily. It is offering “homepage” banner ad opportunities: ●

Facebook www.Facebook.com/NGWAFB YouTube www.YouTube.com/user/NGWATUBE

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Circle card no. 3

(COVER STORY)

Photo courtesy Cotey Chemical Corp.

Breathing New Life into a Water Well The tried and true methods of regular preventive well maintenance is the answer. By Mike Price n a perfect world, one solution would do the trick to revive a water well back to life, saving contractors time, money, and effort. That’s not the case though. Contractors throughout the years have assembled their own toolboxes to handle each well site-specific rehabilitation job. Ingenuity is on display as many of these tools are homemade. A contractor’s toolbox generally consists of inspection and testing, chemical solutions, and chemical-free solutions. These methods have become industry standards, adaptable for each unique problem. Eric Neubecker, MGWC, vice president of Raymer Co. Inc. in Marne, Michigan, says chemistry used in the rehabilitation process can be tailored to the specific agents responsible for

Mike Price is the associate editor of Water Well Journal. In addition to his WWJ responsibilities, Price produces NGWA’s newsletters and contributes to the Association’s quarterly scientific publication. He can be reached at mprice@ngwa.org.

Twitter @WaterWellJournl

production decrease rather than using a “one size fits all” approach. Here, we review the methods that can be commonly found in today’s contractor toolbox.

Inspection and Testing First things first, before any method is applied to a faulty well, the cause of the problem must be determined. Formulating a history of the well— establishing the construction, performance, and specifics (how the well was drilled, depth, diameter, gravel pack, screen slot, etc.) are essential in leading to which direction one takes in the rehabilitation process. “Good record keeping is really important because you need to know what has changed,” says Kathy Wiseman, an environmental scientist who is part of the consulting staff at Water Systems Engineering, an independent water testing and consulting group specializing in groundwater source wells, located in Ottawa, Kansas. “Has the water quality changed? Is the specific capacity changing or falling off? Maybe the specific capacity hasn’t fallen off but you notice the pump

works harder. Are there increases in chemical parameters or biology? Are you getting taste, odor, or color changes? These questions fall in line with the initial diagnostics.” A trusty resource in a contractor’s toolbox is performing a downhole video survey, especially if the pump needs pulled. This tool sheds information on the well’s condition—revealing fractures, voids, water inflow, cross or interbed water flows, sand, gravel, grout, groundwater pollution, or groundwater contamination infiltration. Among other things, the video log also allows one to view actual conditions and determine end of casing, well screen, or packer placement. Neubecker recommends a 10-point protocol his company generally follows for a high-capacity well inspection/rehabilitation/routine maintenance program: 1. Review records of pumping rate and pumping water level (if available) to look for a decline over time. 2. Conduct a pumping test to determine the current specific capacity and pump efficiency; compare to historical data.

WELL MAINTENANCE/continues on page 22 Water Well Journal April 2012 21/

Takeaway Tips on Well Maintenance and Rehabilitation Kevin McGinnis, president of Cotey Chemical Corp. in Lubbock, Texas, gives workshops on how regular maintenance leads to improved well life. The company’s mission is to provide products that can be safely and easily applied by non-technical personnel for maintenance, development, or sterilization of household, industrial, and irrigation water wells. Below is the typical information McGinnis provides during a workshop.

●

Why well maintenance? Cotey Chemical rehabilitates its wells every eight to 10 years and it seems to be working for the company. The goal of rehabilitation is to remove 100% of the plugging material. However, most rehab projects fall short of the goal because of:

Specific capacity or SC (gpm/foot of drawdown) is not a good measurement of well efficiency nor is it a very accurate measurement of severity of well plugging. Why? Because most wells have excess production capacity—as a producing zone begins to plug, other zones are able to compensate or make up for the lost water in the plugged zones. For example, with a 25% loss in SC we assume the well is 25% plugged. However, after video inspection we realize the well is often 40%, 50%, or even 60% plugged. This lends credibility to performing regular well maintenance rather than irregular well rehabilitation.

●

Time limits. Many rehabilitation projects require procedures to be repeated until all of the plugging material is removed, yet shutting down a well for more than a few days is simply not feasible. So the well owner decides the well is “good enough.”

WELL MAINTENANCE/from page 21 3. Collect water samples for chemical/bacteriological analysis. 4. Remove the pumping equipment from well. 5. Thoroughly examine all of the components such as column, shafting, bearings, impellers, and wear surfaces. 6. If the pump is vertical turbine, send the motor to an authorized service center for teardown, cleaning, and complete inspection. If the pump is submersible, check winding resistance and thrust bearing wear. 7. Conduct video inspection of well to determine condition of casing and screen. 8. Determine the best plan for rehabilitation, if necessary, based on visual and chemical/bacterial analysis. 9. Present the proposal for necessary repairs and rehab to owner. 10. Upon owner’s approval, conduct the proposed scope of work.

Chemical Solutions Oftentimes, successful well rehabilitation involves chemical and chemicalfree solutions or a combination of both. Focusing on chemical solutions, mineral scale and slime bacterial problems are often common problems that cause well clogging and decreased water yield over time. 22/ April 2012 Water Well Journal

●

Money limits. Restoring a well to its original specific capacity can be labor and material intensive, thus many industry professionals settle for “good enough.” When the budget is exhausted, they stop. Lack of understanding of well hydraulics. Some in the industry assume if we bring the well back to the original specific capacity, then all of the plugging material should be removed, right?

This was the case for a faulty irrigation well in Dalhart, Texas, where Etter Water Well Service recently rehabilitated a 850-foot, 16-inch cased, and wire wrapped screen well. Before treatment, the well was producing nearly 400 gallons per minute and breaking suction. It was plugged primarily with iron oxide and calcium carbonate (scales). Using his homemade wire bristle brush, Dale Ball, partner in Etter Water Well Service in Etter, Texas, brushed, bailed, and treated the well using Cotey Chemical Corp.’s Dry Acid Special. After cleaning, the well produced 900plus gallons per minute (see Figure 1). It could have produced more, but the pump was at capacity. Bacterial problems are likely if well yield declines suddenly and drastically. Wet, slimy debris may be present on the pump column or in the piping system. Slime can be any color, even clear. When dry, the slime may turn into a fine powder or hardened scale. A musty, fishy odor or an oily film may appear, indicating iron bacteria. A rotten egg odor may be present, signifying sulfatereducing bacteria. Bubbling or corrosion may be noticed on pumps or the pump column. Videos of the well may show slimy or stringy growths on the inside of the casing or screen.

Figure 1. Photo courtesy Cotey Chemical Corp.

Before

After

To combat bacterial problems, specialized chemicals are available from industry manufacturers including Cotey Chemical, Design Water Technologies, Johnson Screens, and Berry Systems Inc. Wire brushes from Cotey Chemical and Design Water Technologies can attach to cable or pipe and agitate, surge, and scrub the well. “If you can do some water sampling of your aquifer and of the water that’s actually in the well and compare the two, then you can begin to pinpoint problems,” Wiseman says. “Is it a biological problem, is it a chemical problem, or is it a combination of both?” Based on the answer to those questions, it can lead to disinfection, rehabilitation, or redevelopment.

Chemical-Free Solutions Besides performing a downhole video survey, contractors rely on simple, low-cost, chemical-free methods to waterwelljournal.com

Variety of Best Suggested Practices Available from NGWA The National Ground Water Association provides a variety of “best suggested practices” on well maintenance, including: ● ● ● ● ●

Residential Well Cleaning Water Well Systems Inspection Reducing Problematic Concentrations of Arsenic in Residential Well Systems Reducing Problematic Concentrations of Nitrates in Residential Well Systems Reducing Problematic Concentrations of Fluoride in Residential Well Systems.

The BSP, “Water Well and Pump System Operation and Maintenance,” is expected to be completed in 2012. NGWA members can download all best suggested practices rehabilitate a well when fouling isn’t severe or significant. They include: ●

●

Installing a permanent 1-inch PVC e-line after the pump has been reinstalled to record water levels, maintaining a log of at least weekly static and pumping water level measurements Performing a pump test to establish the most efficient and highest capacity pump and pump setting Applying fluid percussive methods that generate rapid and high-energy pulses using high-pressure air or other gas.

Two fluid percussive methods that are available in North America are the AirBurst method (Frazier Industries, Muskego, Wisconsin) and the Airshock Impulse Generator (ProWell Technologies, Israel). Other common chemical-free methods for well rehabilitation include: ●

●

Brushing. A wire brush dislodges debris from the inside of the well casing Jetting/hydrofracturing. Shooting jets of water (or other fluids) through the screen and into the formation while simultaneously pumping dislodged materials out of the well Wire charge devices. A shaped or charged wire is detonated inside the well, loosening hardened deposits; gas-pressured jets move fluid back and forth through the perforations to deep clean.

In today’s volatile economy, contractors would be wise in selling the idea of Twitter @WaterWellJournl

for free as a member benefit under the “Member exclusives” section at www.NGWA.org. Nonmembers can purchase the BSPs in NGWA’s Online Bookstore. NGWA recommends routine annual maintenance checks to ensure the proper operation of the well and prolong its years of service, as well as monitor the water quality. While each driller’s well maintenance checklist may differ, www.Well owner.org provides the consumer with what a licensed and/or certified water well contractor should do during a well checkup. For more information on well maintenance, including a homeowner’s checklist to give to your customer, visit www.Wellowner.org.

2012 McEllhiney Lecture Examines Life of Water Well Examining ways to prolong the life of a water well is the topic of the 2012 National Ground Water Research and Educational Foundation (NGWREF) McEllhiney Lecture. Marvin F. Glotfelty, RG, is the 2012 McEllhiney Lecturer, presenting “Life-Cycle Economic Analysis of Water Wells—Consid- Marvin F. Glotfelty, RG erations for Design and Construction.” By attending the 2012 McEllhiney Lecture presentation, you will be shown how seemingly more expensive initial water well costs may actually pay for themselves in the early life of the well, in addition to providing ongoing dividends in value and economics for many subsequent years. preventive well maintenance to their customers. It could make all the difference in it being a slow spring or one filled with completing maintenance contracts. “I have a whole lot of customers who say price isn’t the driver. Performance and value are the primary drivers because they understand basic economics,” says Todd Hunter, CWD/PI, owner of Ground Water Pump Systems in Boulder, Colorado, and a member of the National Ground Water Association Board of Directors.

You will learn how: ●

●

The total cost of the well can significantly increase by using the least expensive “low-bid” approach to well construction in some cases Some well construction materials or methods that appear to be beneficial and cost-efficient may have “hidden” costs that can actually increase O&M costs or reduce the useful life of a well Analytical methods and techniques can maximize water production and water quality in both new and existing wells.

To see the complete schedule of the 2012 McEllhiney Lecture, visit www.NGWA.org. The McEllhiney Lecture Series in Water Well Technology is made possible by a grant from Franklin Electric Co.

“They understand that the price of labor and product are not going lower indefinitely. It’s going to rise and every year you can expect at least an inflated price. More and more people are seeing that on the front side of things.” WWJ

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C HLORINE M YTHS D EBUNKED Industry professionals clear up misconceptions of the widely used chemical. By Jennifer Strawn red McAninch of the Rig Doctors is to bacterial-filled wells what Ghostbusters are to haunted houses. He’s who you call when wells are so far gone they’re likely to be condemned by the health department. The Rig Doctors, based in Indianapolis, Indiana, deals mostly with rig parts and restorations, but when McAninch does contracting work it’s usually on wells that are literal disasters. In one instance, a lawyer living just south of Indianapolis had a virus in his family’s well that was making him ill. When he took hot showers, he was inhaling the virus through the hot steamy water. “I went down there, took water samples from the wellhead, and let the pump run for an hour and a half,” McAninch says. “Sure enough, that’s where it was coming from. The well was definitely contaminated.”

Jennifer Strawn was the associate editor of Water Well Journal from 2004 to 2007. She is currently in the internal communications department at Nationwide Insurance in Columbus, Ohio. She can be reached at strawnj2 @gmail.com.

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“Every well is different. None of them will be alike and you never treat them alike.” With the help of consultants and a trusted lab, he found the best way to treat the well and get a clean sample. He brushed the well with a steel brush, acidized the well, and chlorinated the well by using the air surging and airlifting method to push chlorine back into the formation. He then let the well sit for two days before flushing the well out by the airlift method. Chlorinating can get rid of viruses and harmful bacteria like coliform bacteria, but only when done correctly, says McAninch, who was the National Ground Water Research and Educational Foundation’s 2006 William A. McEllhiney Lecturer. Otherwise, you could be creating bigger problems in the well. Thirty years ago, it was industry practice to shock wells with large amounts of chlorine and assume because you were getting the “fragrance” of chlorine that it was doing its job. Research now proves that’s not the case at all. Despite the recent research, miscon-

ceptions still exist. Industry professionals debunk the most common myths surrounding the use of chlorine in wells.

Myth: The more chlorine you use, the better. Actually, the more chlorine you use, the less effective it is. Chlorine— whether it’s calcium hypochlorite or sodium hypochlorite—is 100% biocidal when the pH of the water is between 5.5 and 6. “We’ve grown to view success as when it really smells and it causes discoloration, when in fact it isn’t good. It’s bad,” says Dave Hanson, president of Design Water Technologies in Shorewood, Minnesota, who was NGWREF’s 2003 William A. McEllhiney Lecturer. Say you start with water that’s a pH of 7. When the concentration is 50 parts per million (ppm), the pH rises to 8.2, making the chlorine 8% biocidal. On the other side of the equation, it’s 92% oxidative. So, you can smell the chlorine and it causes minor discoloration in the water, causing ferrous iron to oxidize into ferric iron in the water. “If you fail at 50 ppm, you go back to the well the second time—probably at no cost to the consumer but certainly cost to the contractor—and treat with

CHLORINE/continues on page 26 Water Well Journal April 2012 25/

CHLORINE/from page 25 200 ppm,” Hanson adds. “Even though we increased chlorine four times, we didn’t increase the kill power.” At 200 ppm, the well that originally had a pH of 7 now has a pH of 9.5. At a pH of 9.5, chlorine is only 2% biocidal —or 98% oxidative. The biocidal effectiveness hasn’t been increased, but instead increased the oxidative qualities such as corrosion, chlorine odor, and precipitation of minerals in the solution. “When you use too much chlorine, all you’re doing is just oxidizing all the iron, and you don’t do much in the way of killing bacteria,” says Stuart Smith, CGWP, consulting hydrogeologist and managing principal of Ground Water Science in Poland, Ohio. Because the pH of the water is critical to the chlorine’s effectiveness in the well, Smith suggests understanding the pH, hardness of the water, and the presence of the other substances like iron, manganese, and hydrogen sulfide. “You have to know what those are and you have to adjust the amount of chlorine you put in accordingly,” Smith says. Charts are available to help you determine the correct amount of chlorine you need for the amount of standing water in the well. McAninch prefers to use chlorine sparingly. “When I’ve got a good pH, I don’t want to tinker with it at all,” he says. Instead, McAninch uses chlorine in conjunction with other products such as an acidizer. The acidizer dissolves the sugar-like coating that is protecting the bacteria. “The acid won’t kill the bacteria, but it exposes the bacteria so when you go to chlorinate it you don’t need to shock chlorinate it.” Hanson cautions against the combination of acid and chlorine, as it could produce lethal mustard gas if the pH gets below 4.5 in combination. In addition to acids, products like Design Water Technologies’ Sterilene boast greater pH control.

Myth: Dropping the chlorine in and flushing the well is all you need to do. Not so. It has to be mixed and it has to get all the way down to the bottom of 26/ April 2012 Water Well Journal

the well and make contact with all parts of the well to be the most effective. “If you just open a jug of bleach and dump it in the top, it just basically goes down a ways and maybe it contacts the part of the well between where it hits the water and pump—that’s about it,” Smith says. The method of “setting it and forgetting it” could be especially bad for the well in the long term if you use calcium hypochlorite pellets in hard water. The pellets may not dissolve fully and just sink to the bottom, Smith says. They could cause corrosion on the pump, clog up the intakes on the pump, or even cause holes in the casing. “It’s true, in some cases, that pellets won’t dissolve,” says Tim Behrens, sales manager for B&B Chlorination in Greensboro, North Carolina, which manufactures pellet and granular calcium hypochlorite. “It varies from well to well, but in general it dissolves best in water with low total dissolved solids, low hardness, and low pH.” But, Behrens adds, if you’re only performing one-time shock chlorination and you follow proper chlorination procedures, you probably won’t have issues. He advocates using a combination of granular chlorine that’s already broken down and pellet chlorine. If you’re chlorinating on a continual basis and using pellet chlorine in hard water, it might not dissolve the way you want it to, he says, but that’s why it’s important to know the water quality before you treat it. The National Ground Water Association produced NGWA Best Suggested Practice: Residential Well Cleaning in 2008. The NGWA Board of Directors– approved document states: “Cleaning, followed by disinfection, returns the well closer to the original conditions.” Roger Renner, MGWC, president of E.H. Renner & Sons Inc. in Elk River, Minnesota, says when all you do is dump chlorine in and flush the well, the chlorine doesn’t have enough contact time. “Contact time, contact time, contact time,” says Renner, who served as president of NGWA in 2001. “You need to give the chlorine time to work on the bacteria.”

Renner’s procedure includes scrubbing the casing to loosen the bacteria and give the chlorine a place to go. Then, he flood-chlorinates the well, which displaces the water that’s standing in the well from the standing water level to the bottom of the hole. “If you have a 200-foot hole, you’ll need about 135 gallons of water to displace it,” Renner says. “You should do that at least three times, so that’s about 400 gallons of water.” In the case of that Indiana lawyer’s problem well, McAninch air-surged the chlorine and let it sit in the well for two days before airlifting the well. That provided the contact time needed to kill the coliform bacteria and flush the viruses out of the well.

Myth: Shock chlorination eliminates odors in the well. “Rotten egg” odors are common complaints from homeowners, and while many contractors use chlorine to take care of the problem, it’s only a temporary solution. The rotten egg smell comes from sulfate-reducing bacteria that are anaerobic in nature—meaning they thrive in lowoxygen environments. They can be found in a wide variety of aquifer environments—anywhere the water has low oxygen—and they contribute to making the water anaerobic. If it’s an existing well where it had not happened before, it means something has changed in the well, most likely slime or iron bacterial deposits. Iron bacteria can’t be killed or removed with chlorine, Hanson says. NGWA’s best suggested practice on residential well cleaning adds: “Chlorination alone might temporarily prevent gas production or other taste and odor problems, but it leaves behind all the debris or accumulated organics which are a food source for future bacterial growth.” Iron bacteria, which is also known as biofouling, are living and dead bacteria that are usually harmless. According to the “Primer on Microbial Problems in Water Wells” written by Smith, shock chlorination can work for light cases of biofouling. Although iron bacteria or sulfur may seem to respond to chlorine temporarily, waterwelljournal.com

you shouldn’t just chlorinate an iron bacteria problem. Instead, you should clean the well first and use chlorine as a “polish,” Smith says.

Myth: Household bleach and swimming pool chlorine work just as well as water well products. Sodium hypochlorite loses 20% of its effectiveness each month it sits on the shelf. And when you go buy chlorine bleach off the store shelf, you can’t be sure how long it’s been there. “There are no shelf-life or born-on dates on the bottle, so to speak,” Smith says. Chances are the manager of the store can’t tell you how long it’s been on the store’s shelf, let alone the distributor or manufacturer’s shelf. When you buy industrial sodium hypochlorite, however, you have a better idea of what you’re getting. It comes in higher concentrations—about 15% as opposed to 5%—and the distributor can often tell you how old the product is. Smith offers another reason to forgo run-of-the-mill bleach—it contains additives. These additives make it a great cleaning product, but not great for well use. Swimming pool chlorine, although designed for water, isn’t suited for potable well water use, Behrens says. It also contains additives like fungicides and anti-algaes that aren’t meant to be used in drinking water. “Use the right type of chlorine for the right application,” Behrens advises.

“I like to be dealing with the facts. I want to know what bacteria is there and how much is there,” McAninch says. If you airlift the well, McAninch warns not to take the water sample using airlifting. The compressor could pull coliform bacteria out of the air outside of the well, giving you a positive for coliform bacteria even when it’s not present in the well. Even with proper treatment, you could still get positive bacteria results. When that happens, there could be a structural problem in the well. “If it bounces right back, then either the well isn’t clean or there’s been some kind of sanitary breach in the well where dirty water is continuing to enter the well,” Smith says. “If there’s an E. coli problem, then that’s an issue that means that some kind of sewage is entering the well and that needs to be addressed at the source.” McAninch says it’s important to remember that chlorine isn’t a magic bullet. “Every situation is like a human fingerprint,” he says. “Every well is different. None of them will be alike and you never treat them alike.” WWJ Disclaimer: This publication contains opinions based on professional experiences. Individual situations and local conditions may vary, so industry professionals utilizing this publication are free to adopt differing approaches as they

More Information Here are some books and online articles that provide instruction on working with chlorine in water well systems. Chemical Cleaning, Disinfection, and Decontamination of Water Wells, by John Schnieders, Ph.D. (Available in the NGWA Bookstore) “Chlorination of Domestic Wells,” by David Hanson. www.designwater.com/PDF_Files/Domestic ChlorineDirections.pdf Groundwater & Wells, Third Edition, edited by Robert Sterrett, Ph.D., PG. (Available in the NGWA Bookstore) Manual of Water Well Construction Practices, edited by Stuart Smith, CGWP. (Available in the NGWA Bookstore NGWA Best Suggested Practice: Residential Well Cleaning. (Available in the NGWA Bookstore) “Primer on Microbial Problems in Water Wells,” by Stuart Smith, CGWP. www.groundwaterscience.com/resources/techarticle-library/96 Sustainable Wells, by Stuart Smith, CGWP. (Available in the NGWA Bookstore) White’s Handbook of Chlorination and Alternative Disinfectants, by Black & Veatch Corp. (Available in the NGWA Bookstore) Also check out the National Ground Water Association’s site for wellowners, www.Wellowner.org.

see fit. Water Well Journal and the National Ground Water Association assume no liability or responsibility for the contents of this publication.

Myth: Chlorinating a well is a cure-all. Even when you use chlorine properly, you could still get positive results for bacteria. That’s because chlorination isn’t a cure-all. Before you chlorinate, you need to know what type of bacteria you’re dealing with. As NGWA’s best suggested practice on residential well cleaning states, “A simple assessment of biological activity can be sufficient to determine the need for cleaning.” So take your own samples and send them to a good lab that will break them down and tell you exactly what’s in it. Some labs will even offer suggestions on how to treat the problem. Twitter @WaterWellJournl

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Women Working in the Groundwater Industry

Each industry segment features women who share their talents in helping to protect groundwater. common trait begins to emerge when speaking with women who represent each division of the groundwater industry. Cool under fire. The calm, cool, and collected demeanor they display in the workplace is admirable in today’s fast-paced, everchanging business world. They don’t let little things get to them but rather pride themselves on doing the little things for their customers. In an industry where your word is still your bond, seeing women on the job site is becoming more common. They add to the rich character of those who have long worked in this industry. “I have three sales guys who work for me and invariably, if they had a nickel for every time they’ve been asked, ‘What’s it like working for a woman?’” says Susie Givens, owner of Givens International Drilling Supplies in Corydon, Kentucky. “But all of them say, ‘Try it, you might like it.’ That makes me feel very proud. It truly does.” The landscape of the groundwater industry continues to evolve, with future

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generations of water well drillers beginning to appear in the rearview mirror. As the future continues to take shape, we focus on women from all four sectors of the industry—contractors, manufacturers, suppliers, and scientists and engineers—who work day in and day out to help provide what is essential to human life. Clean drinking water.

Contractors Deborah Post purchased Independent Well Drilling in 2008 in Apple Valley, California. The firm is the largest well drilling company in Southern California. The company has been in existence for more than 20 years and is a multidisciplined drilling firm. Post is a licensed driller in California who juggles a variety of careers. She is a paralegal who works freelance with attorneys on civil and criminal matters and provides paralegal services free of charge to her community of Lucerne Valley. She also owns a ranch winery. “Most of the fields that I’ve been in have been what you call maledominated industries, and you know what, it’s not a problem,” says Post, a member of the California Groundwater Association and National Ground Water Association, who has volunteered for a variety of activities. Ironically, a well failure on her ranch in 2003 drove her to buy Independent Well Drilling. She considers her employees “family” and has retrained them

By Mike Price

on the fundamentals of various types of drilling methods. “I spend a lot of time researching, keeping up to date on methods and techniques,” Post Deborah Post says. “It’s really an educational experience. “Cable tool doesn’t get used as much, but it’s the best thing in the world for drilling. When that steel hits the ground and you feel it under your feet, it’s the greatest feeling in the world.” She enjoys the hard, physical work because of its importance in providing clean drinking water and educating customers about water safety. That’s why she puts so much emphasis on training her employees. “We spend a lot of time talking and teaching, but that’s because we care about the job that we do,” Post says. “We want to do it right and do it safely. Drilling a well is not just digging a hole in the ground. There’s so much more to it than that.” Post loves the drilling industry just as much as she cares for preserving the valued resource. “We all have to have safe drinking water, and so it’s an opportunity to carry a message—just like you’re concerned with food safety or any other safety. If

WOMEN/continues on page 30 Water Well Journal April 2012 29/

WOMEN/from page 29 you keep your mouth shut, the word doesn’t get out. It’s a challenge. “If you’re willing to stand up for what you believe in, it doesn’t matter if it’s a male industry or not.”

Manufacturers Advancements in technology are making Tammy Davis’ job as director of corporate communications that much more exciting and challenging. She wouldn’t want it any other way. “Today we can communicate better and faster and more effectively Tammy Davis and in lots of different areas and tools, and I’m excited about those channels and those tools,” says Davis, who works for Franklin Electric, a Bluffton, Indiana, manufacturer of products that comprise the complete water and fueling system. An unexpected career in the groundwater industry began 17 years ago when Davis joined Franklin Electric, allowing her to build her industry and brand knowledge. She worked in several departments, ranging from pricing to product management to communications, before being named to her current position in late 2005. The path she has taken at Franklin Electric has prepared her to confront a wide array of issues. “I think the biggest challenge that we face in this industry is we’ve got a lot of people who are out there in the field working hard all of the time,” Davis says. “They don’t always have the opportunity to see the information we send out. “So how do I use those tools effectively to communicate? Right now that’s a big challenge.” Leaving her office and getting a chance to interact with customers about Franklin Electric’s product line is a highlight. “To see our product out in the field making a difference makes my time in the office all the more worthwhile,” she says. “But if I go out in the field and I talk to people and they can tell that I don’t know what I’m talking about, it 30/ April 2012 Water Well Journal

Women Featured in Geosciences Webinar As part of Earth Science Week, NGWA is hosting a half-hour “Women in the Geosciences” Webinar featuring women in the geosciences at noon on October 18. Women working in various areas of the geosciences will discuss their unique perspectives on the groundwater industry. Kathy Wiseman will moderate. Visit www.NGWA.org for more information.

doesn’t matter if I’m male or female, they’re not going to believe me.” A blogger herself, Davis enjoys networking with other industry professionals at trade shows and other events, such as at the annual NGWA Groundwater Expo Attendee Welcome Party, which is sponsored by Franklin Electric. “This company has been good for me, and this industry has been good for me,” she says.

Suppliers Susie Givens and Vickie Ross are two of the more recognizable members of the industry because both currently serve on the NGWA Suppliers Division Board of Directors. Many have seen the two grow up in the industry and both can be seen mingling with customers at state association events throughout the year and at the annual NGWA Groundwater Expo. Both have also worked in the industry for 30 years and noticed how the industry has evolved. “It used to be strictly a man’s industry,” says Ross in her distinct Southern twang who is marketing manager for National Well Supplies Co. Inc. in Fort Worth, Texas. “There have been more females who have joined the industry, but you really have to prove yourself.” Ross joined National Well Supplies in 2007 and was named “Supplier of the Year” in 2009. Prior to National Well Supplies, Ross served as sales representative for Drillers Service Inc., covering

WWJ Features Audio on Web Site Want more after reading this article? Listen to interview excerpts that didn’t make the print edition in the newest feature at www.waterwelljournal.com.

Susie Givens

Vickie Ross

parts of the Southeast. She holds a master of business administration degree and has been an active member with NGWA. Today’s economic climate has forced Ross to be more mindful of the needs of her customers. “You really have to be on top of everything,” she says. “Every time you do a purchase order, there’s a price increase and you’ve got to pass that on. You’ve got to figure out the best way for your customer so it doesn’t make them mad because there are price increases every month it seems like. I just talk with them and offer the best service I can.” A retired 23-year industry veteran at the time, Givens founded Givens International Drilling Supplies in 1994 in Corydon, Kentucky, and has been CEO and president since. Among the industries she serves are the water, coal, gold, copper, oil, and horizontal directional drilling. Givens is a natural people-person who takes to working with those in the industry, saying, “The people we deal with are real people of the world. There’s no phony. They’re genuine.” Givens International Drilling Supplies has been recognized for outstanding performance and presented with the U.S. Department of Commerce Export Achievement Award and the 2003 World Trade Success Award. For women who are considering entering the industry, Givens offers up some pointed advice. “Don’t pretend that you know something if you don’t,” she says in her Kentucky accent. “Research it and say I’ll get back with you because they will test you. You better know your stuff, but they’ll accept ‘I don’t know but I’ll find out and I’ll get back with you.’ “How many times I’ve said those words I can’t even begin to tell you, but for me, it’s truly given me a much waterwelljournal.com

broader horizon than I would’ve ever had had I not done it that way.”

Scientists and Engineers Kathy Wiseman admits she has taken the path less traveled than most of her colleagues in the scientists and engineers division. She holds a bachelor of science in geography/land use planning and a master of arts in geography/remote sensing of natural Kathy Wiseman resources. “My approach is a little bit different since I’m not a geologist, geophysicist, or engineer,” says Wiseman, an environmental scientist who is part of the consulting staff at Water Systems Engineering, an independent water testing and consulting group located in Ottawa, Kansas, specializing in groundwater source wells. With Water Systems Engineering for more than 12 years, Wiseman began in the diagnostic and investigative research lab, serving as assistant lab manager. Since 2007, she has been on the consulting staff, specializing in well remediation and source protection, developing protocol for water system disinfection, rehabilitation, and maintenance. She works closely with municipalities, consultants, and contractors. “This is probably my geography background, but I love the regional aspect of it,” Wiseman says. “Not only the different regional aquifers and their characteristics, but the regional characteristics of the people who I talk to because we work with clients from all over the United States, Canada, and international clients. “I’m just fascinated by the regional characteristics of the people and where they live.” Prior to joining Water Systems Engineering, Wiseman was employed by the Natural Resources Conservation Service (formerly Soil Conservation Service) as a soil conservation aide and then as the water quality program coordinator. She has been teaching geography and environmental science courses at a local university and community college since 1991. Twitter @WaterWellJournl

Recent Graduates from Sir Sandford Fleming College Hit the Ground Running Alexandra Vibert of Ontario, Canada, hails from a family of teachers, but elected to go her own way. “I’ve always been handy. I’ve always worked with my hands,” says the 23-yearold. “I’ve always enjoyed working with machines and Alexandra Vibert building stuff. It just works for me.” Vibert is a recent graduate of Sir Sandford Fleming College’s Resources Drilling and Blasting program, part of the School of Environmental & Natural Resource Sciences in Ontario. She worked six days a week while maintaining a heavy course load throughout the two-year program. This past winter Vibert attended a job fair at the college and was offered a position with Deep Foundations of Toronto. She will be drilling in the construction industry, which was her first choice. “I guess it’s fair to say that I shouldn’t have been so worried about me being female affecting my chance of finding employment in this field,” Vibert says. “Just goes to show that when you put the effort into what you do, ‘male dominated’ or not, this industry is ready to accept women as equals.” Meredith Dunham is another recent female graduate of the program who is making it in the industry. The 24-year-old from Ontario runs a Versa-Drill V-100 for Andrews & Sons Drilling Ltd. in Saskatchewan. It is part of Friesen Drillers Ltd. and does 90%

mud rotary for water wells. She is the only female employee at the company. Dunham beat the company average of two-year on-rig training by completing it in eight months. She graduated from the program three years ago and has Meredith Dunham two male helpers on the job site. “As a woman in the industry, there is sort of a stigma against it,” Dunham says. “Having the college education really takes that away. You’ve put two years of effort into it already to get into the field and it makes potential employers look at you much more seriously in the drilling industry than they would otherwise.” Dunham also says it’s key for female drillers to maintain a sense of humor. Her boss had her tools painted pink while she wasn’t at the shop. “You go on to a new site and everyone sees the pink tools and everyone kind of jokes about them, but it’s all meant in good humor,” she says. “It just became a joke and a matter of pride.” Gord Bailey, part of the staff at Sir Sandford Fleming College’s Resources Drilling and Blasting program, says each graduating class has anywhere from one to five females in it. “The women who do graduate are generally quite successful in the industry,” Bailey says. “The industry seems to be much more tolerant of women and they have been proven to be in a lot of cases better operators than guys.”

“I’ve always been interested in water resources and the environment,” she says, “and I consider myself very lucky to have a job that I enjoy and that so closely aligns with my interests.” A teacher at heart, Wiseman is an NGWA instructor of various courses and presented two workshops on water quality and treatment at the 2011 NGWA Groundwater Expo. Wiseman encourages women to pursue a degree related to water resources and cultivate a broad range of skills.

“Be stubborn but be flexible,” she says. “If you have an idea that you’d like to do something, then don’t let anyone dissuade you from that. You can be flexible and creative and stay open to opportunities. “That’s true especially after you’re out of college. You may need to be creative and what you thought you trained for may not be what you end up doing.” WWJ

Water Well Journal April 2012 31/

By Ed Butts, PE, CPI

Groundwater Treatment Part 5(b). Secondary Contaminants Removal

ast month provided an introduction and overview of the most common secondary contaminants impacting the unregulated, aesthetic quality (palatability) of groundwater. This month, we will continue with a discussion on the many kinds of treatment and removal methods available for these frequently occurring groundwater contaminants.

Common Water Treatment Processes As with many aspects of our world, there is no single or correct method used to treat each individual or combined type of water conditions. The ultimate selection of a water treatment method, device, or complete system must be based on a host of relevant design factors. These include: ● ● ● ● ● ●

Specific concentration and type of contaminants to be removed Presence and concentration of any or all interfering contaminants Flow rate, pressure, and water temperature Designer’s preference and previous experience Waste product handling and disposal Initial investment and ongoing operational costs of the system.

To be able to develop an effective water treatment system requires the Ed Butts, PE, CPI, is the chief engineer at 4B Engineering & Consulting, Salem, Oregon. He has more than 35 years experience in the water well business, specializing in engineering and business management. He can be reached at epbpe@juno.com.

32/ April 2012 Water Well Journal

It is up to the designer to investigate and decide the right method for their specific application. designer to fully consider all of the six factors—and often many more. Using shortcut or rule-of-thumb guidelines is often a quick route to failure. It always pays to fully consider and verify all of the design, technical, and operational aspects involving a potential water treatment system layout before beginning the actual design, construction, or implementation. The following methods outlined for the various water treatment conditions reflect only a partial list of the many possible ways that are available to effectively handle each type of situation. As always, it is up to the designer to investigate and decide whether or not any of the methods cited is the right one for their specific application.

Water Softening Although various other methods exist for the so-called softening (also sometimes referred to as conditioning) of water, the most common methods used for water well applications are known as ion or anion exchange. Ion or anion exchange depends on the existence and use of a special type of electrochemical filtration media (usually synthetic), called a resin, which is manufactured with inherent and permanent positive or negative electrical charges that are capable of attracting

and holding ions with the opposite charge (positive to negative and vice versa). Naturally occurring and synthetic inorganic minerals with this property are called zeolites, which are special crystalline compounds of silicate and aluminate. Those two compounds are both anions (ions with a negative electrical charge), and therefore zeolites can exchange only cations (ions with a positive electrical charge) such as sodium or calcium. Since the ion exchange capacity of zeolites is not high, a group of synthetic organic (carbon-based) ion exchange resins were artificially developed during the middle of the 20th century to make water softeners more efficient and marketable. Organic ion exchange resins can be formulated with either anionic or cationic materials of many types, yielding resins with nearly every conceivable functionality and exchange strength and capacity. This means there are resins formulated specifically to exchange nitrate or fluoride ions preferentially, as well as calcium or magnesium ions, or even for the exchange of uranium and plutonium ions from nuclear wastes. Ion exchange is most efficient when the media is contained and used inside of cylindrical beds and the incoming water is directed to flow downward (downflow) through the resin. The exchange of ions that occurs between the beads of the resin bed to the contaminant ions in the raw water occurs at a very rapid pace and there is a transport zone of activity that slowly moves down the bed during operation. waterwelljournal.com

Figure 1. Typical water softener installation (in service).

Above this zone, all of the previously active sites within the resin are now said to be exhausted. Below the zone, the resin bed remains in a completely regenerated and usable form to enable exchange. The thickness or height of the exchange zone is determined by the flow rate (the slower the downflow rate, the narrower the zone). Just as the “per unit (area) flow rate” (rated in gallons per minute per square foot, or gpm/ft2) is a critical factor for the hydraulic design of mechanical or granular media filtration, the “per unit (volumetric) flow rate” (rated in gallons per minute per cubic foot, or gpm/ft3) is the relevant parameter for the electrochemical or “ion exchange” performance of a media used for adsorption or ion exchange. The usual unit flow rate for ion exchange systems is about 2 gpm/ft3 per bed volume or around 16 bed volumes per hour. Sodium cycle cation exchange (Figure 1) is the most commonly used method of ion exchange in which the “hardness” (comprised mostly from ions of calcium and magnesium) is exchanged for sodium ions to produce a “softened” or “conditioned” water result. It is made possible by the availability of an ion exchange resin comprised of individual beads with millions of “active sites” made from a chemical group called sulfonate. Since the sulfonate is electrochemically an anion (made with a negative charge or attraction), it can only exchange cations (ions with a positive charge or attraction). Therefore, this particular chemical arrangement produces a Twitter @WaterWellJournl

strong affinity for calcium and magnesium (both strong cations) and a weaker affinity for sodium. The resin is initially treated with around a 5% (or 50,000 mg/L) strength of a sodium chloride salt brine solution. This concentration of sodium completely overwhelms the effect of any other cations that might be in the water, so the resin loads up with the sodium ion. During the “in service” operation of the softener, this now fully regenerated resin is exposed to the incoming hard water containing the calcium and magnesium ions. The resin employs its electrochemical preference and exchanges two of the sodium ions for each of the individual calcium or magnesium ions it encounters, at least so long as there are any sodium ions remaining attached to the resin itself. When all of the sodium ions are removed from the bed, the resin becomes exhausted and ready for a bed regeneration (not to be confused with a backwash), which is performed by applying a new concentration (50,000 mg/L) of the salt brine solution to the resin bed. In order to ensure the bed is fully regenerated for the next cycle, the strong brine solution needs to flow through the resin bed for a continuous period of up to 15 to 30 minutes. This makes sure all of the calcium and magnesium ions attached to the resin have the opportunity to be displaced by the overwhelming presence of sodium ions from the resin bed and removed from the softener unit. This cycle timing includes the time required for the necessary initial period of backwashing, followed by the regen-

eration process, and finally, the final rinse and resettling of the bed before returning the unit to service. They are initiated and performed automatically by the control head and valve and are started based on either the total water volume passed through the unit (demand-based regeneration) or from a preset automatic timer (automatic regeneration). Another important design factor that must always be considered is the possible presence of other potential contaminants in the raw water supply. For example, water softening applications that include iron or manganese in the incoming water supply can result in “fouling” or an eventual plugging of the resin bed over an extended period of operational time. It is critical that the designer fully evaluate any applications that may include iron, iron bacteria, manganese, or hydrogen sulfide in the raw water supply. It is also crucial the designer use a resin designed and approved for the removal, or at the very least, a tolerance of these contaminants, and only allow the use of what is called “iron-resistant” or “iron-out” water softener salt in the unit. These salts are especially formulated for this type of application. Although salt (sodium chloride) has historically been used for creating brine solutions, increasing concerns from the potential health impacts caused by higher sodium ingestion as well as increased salt levels in sewage treatment and wastewater collection systems, have seen a recent increase in the use of alternatives such as potassium chloride for creating brine solutions. Although more expensive to use, potassium chloride removes the health concerns related to the ingestion of sodium and potential problems to the wastewater system and replaces it with the far more beneficial health impacts gained from the use of potassium. As a reminder—depending on the size, application, and treatment intent— water softeners (either ion or anion exchange units) are capable of discharging large volumes of backwash and “rejected ion” water with high levels of removed and sometimes hazardous contaminants that must be accepted by a

YOUR BUSINESS/continues on page 34 Water Well Journal April 2012 33/

YOUR BUSINESS/from page 33

Figure 2. Iron/manganese removal filter.

local sewer system, septic tank/drainfield, or other type of wastewater receiving facility. In order to guard against any long-term problems, the designer must remember to fully evaluate and confirm that the discharged wastewater will not adversely impact the septage receiving facility nor interfere with the wastewater treatment process.

Iron and Manganese Treatment Oxidation/Filtration The majority of iron and manganese treatment systems employ the dual treatment processes of oxidation/filtration (Figure 2). The oxidant used, such as chlorine or ozone, chemically oxidizes and converts the state of the iron or manganese (forming a filterable particle) and also kills iron bacteria and any other disease-causing bacteria that may happen to be present. The filter then removes the iron or manganese particles (precipitates) present in the bed. Oxidation followed by filtration is a relatively simple process, but the levels of the contaminants in the source water must be monitored to determine and inject the proper oxidant dosage. The treated water must also be monitored to determine if the oxidation process was thorough and complete and therefore successful.

Oxidant Selection Before either iron or manganese can be removed through filtration processes, they must be oxidized to the electrochemical state needed to form an insoluble (and filterable) compound. Oxidation involves the electrochemical transfer of electrons from the iron or manganese molecule to the oxidizing agent. For iron, ferrous iron is oxidized to ferric iron. It then readily forms the insoluble complex of iron hydroxide. (To read more about this, see Part 5(a) in the March issue.) For removal of manganese, reduced manganese is oxidized to manganic oxide, which then forms the insoluble manganese dioxide compound. The most common chemical oxidants used in water treatment are air, chlorine, chlorine dioxide, potassium permanganate, ozone, and special coatings on media. 34/ April 2012 Water Well Journal

Oxidation using chlorine or potassium permanganate is frequently applied for small groundwater systems, as the dosing is relatively easy, requires simple and accurate dosing equipment, and is fairly inexpensive to use. Chlorination is widely used for the oxidation of divalent iron and manganese. However, the possible formation of trihalomethanes in waters with high levels of organics may cause a potential health problem. Chlorine feed rates and contact time requirements can be determined by the use of theoretical calculations and confirmed by using either jar testing or trial and error methods for small systems. As an oxidant, potassium permanganate is normally more expensive than chlorine and ozone, but it has been reported to be as efficient for iron and manganese removal and often more efficient for manganese. It also requires considerably less equipment and capital investment. The required dose of potassium permanganate must be carefully controlled. Too little permanganate will not fully oxidize all of the iron and manganese. Too much of an overdose can allow the excess permanganate to enter the distribution system, resulting in a pink color or tinge to the water. Excessive levels of permanganate can also form group precipitates that can cause mudball formations to form in filters, which are heavy and therefore difficult to remove. This can compromise filter performance by creating large voids or openings in the filter bed, resulting in possible short-circuiting of the water through the bed, often leading to

incomplete treatment of the raw water. Ozone may also be used in place of chlorine for iron and manganese oxidation. However, it may not be as effective for oxidation in the presence of organic acids in the raw water, such as humic, tannic, or fulvic materials. In addition, if not dosed carefully, ozone can oxidize any reduced manganese that may be present and revert it to permanganate, which can result in the same pink water condition. Manganese dioxide particles, also formed by the oxidation of reduced manganese, must be carefully coagulated to ensure their removal by the filter media. One low-cost method of providing oxidation is through the use of oxygen, already present in atmospheric air, as the primary oxidizing agent (aeration). This can be performed through the use of various methods, such as using an inline venturi or air eductor incorporated into the flowstream (Mazzei style), or through the injection of air between the well and filter with an oil-less air compressor. As the well pump operates, air is injected and mixed with the water, oxidizing the iron/manganese to form a large enough and filterable floc. The principal advantage to this method is that no chemical dosing is required, which allows for unattended and safe operation. However, this method is not effective for water in which the iron is combined with any large organic molecules since oxygen is not a strong enough oxidizing agent to break the strong attractions formed between iron and manganese and these large organic waterwelljournal.com

molecules. Furthermore, the rate of reaction between atmospheric oxygen and iron and manganese is slow below pH values of 6.5 and 9.5, respectively, so the application is limited to those with long contact times or higher pH values. Finally, the presence of any additional contaminants, such as hydrogen sulfide, that may increase the oxidant demand must also be accounted for when applying and dosing the oxidant. In general, manganese oxidation is more difficult than iron oxidation because the reaction rate is much slower and the process is much more pH dependent. A longer detention time (up to 30 to 45 minutes) following the addition of the oxidant is needed prior to filtration to fully allow the reaction to take place.

Filtration Method There are multiple and different types of filtration media available for the removal of iron and manganese. These include manganese greensand; an anthracite-sand combination (anthra/sand); several proprietary types of oxidizing or coated media such as Birm, Quantum DMI-65, Pyrolox, Filox, Pyrolusite, and Electromedia; and ceramic

media. However, the shape and basic configuration of the vessel used to contain each of the different media is essentially the same for all types of media used in pressure filtration systems (Figure 3). Manganese greensand is by far the most common type of filter media in current use for the removal of iron and manganese as well as for low levels of hydrogen sulfide through pressure filtration means. It is a processed material consisting of nodular grains of the zeolite mineral glauconite coated with manganese oxide. The ion exchange property of the glauconite facilitates the bonding of the coating to the media itself. This treatment gives the media a catalytic effect in the chemical oxidation/reduction reactions necessary for effective iron and manganese precipitation and removal. This coating is maintained through employing a process of either continuous regeneration (CR) or intermittent regeneration (IR) of a chemical oxidant, usually potassium permanganate or chlorine. Generally, the CR method is used where iron pre-

dominates with only small amounts of manganese present, while the IR or catalytic oxidation process is used for water where manganese removal is required with or without the presence of iron. Anthra/sand is another type of media available for the removal of iron and manganese. It consists of a select mixture of anthracite and sand with a chemically bonded manganese oxide coating. Unlike manganese greensand, this media is preconditioned for use in the filter vessel after the media has been installed. The various types of proprietary blend filter media such as Birm or Pyrolox can generally handle up to 5 mg/L to 10 mg/L of iron or manganese and 2 mg/L of hydrogen sulfide. They are also often provided with a permanent coating of a catalyst designed to provide an immediate oxidative reaction to the iron and manganese present in the water without the need for a continuous addition of a chemical oxidant. Birm filters do not require chemical injection, but do require maintenance of 15% of dis-

YOUR BUSINESS/continues on page 36

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Figure 3. Cross section of typical water treatment filter.

Figure 4. Typical filter service/backwash sequence.

YOUR BUSINESS/from page 35 solved oxygen per mg/L of the raw water’s iron level for optimum performance. Depending on the specific water quality and filter media, many of these types of media are often capable of providing a complete removal of both contaminants and often hydrogen sulfide as well, with only a minor injection of a dose of maintenance chlorine required to maintain the filter charge. Electromedia provides a slightly different option from the manganese oxide-type of coated media. This is a proprietary multi-media blended formulation using a naturally occurring zeolite and does not require any potassium permanganate regeneration. Finally, Macrolite, unlike the other media discussed so far, is not a naturally occurring material that undergoes processing for iron and manganese removal purposes. Instead, it is a manufactured material made from ceramic with a spherical shape. This provides it with a rough, textured surface. The principal removal mechanism used for filtration is physical straining, such as that used in a sand filter, rather than a process using actual contact oxidation or adsorption. A final type of filter media that is commonly used, mostly for the removal of tastes and odors and organic materials, is activated carbon. Activated carbon uses a process called adsorption, rather than mechanical filtration processes, to remove contaminants. Adsorption is the adhesion of atoms, ions, biomolecules or molecules of gas, liquid, or dissolved solids to a surface. This is the process also associated with ion exchange. It creates a film of the adsorbate (the molecules or atoms being accumulated) on the surface of the adsorbent (media). It differs from the more commonly accepted term of absorption, in which a fluid permeates or is dissolved by a liquid or solid. The term sorption encompasses both processes, while desorption is the reverse of adsorption. Similar to surface tension, adsorption is a consequence of surface energy. In a bulk material, all the bonding requirements (be they ionic, cova36/ April 2012 Water Well Journal

lent, or metallic) of the constituent atoms of the material are filled by other atoms in the material. However, atoms on the surface of the adsorbent are not wholly surrounded by other adsorbent atoms and therefore can attract adsorbates. The exact nature of the attractive bonding depends on the details of the media and adsorbates involved, but the adsorption process is generally classified as physisorption (characteristic of weak electrostatic Van der Waals forces) or chemisorption (characteristic of covalent bonding). However, it may also occur due to greater electrostatic attraction in the bed. The backwashing procedure for a media filter (Figure 4) is essentially the same, regardless of the type of media used. Based on the use of an automatic timer clock or pressure differential control (measuring a maximum pressure drop through the media)—either of which triggers a signal to initiate the backwash cycle—a special type of valve called a “spool” valve automatically shuts off the service water exiting the unit and diverts water down and out through the distributor tube. The water then goes up through the media, causing an expansion and lifting of the bed. This results in the disruption and removal of the entrapped particles within the bed, followed by discharge from the filter to a backwash receiving basin that ultimately leaves a clean filter bed. Every potential user should be aware that each type of filter media has its distinct advantages and disadvantages. The selection of a specific filter media combined with an oxidant should be based on a full consideration of all pertinent water quality parameters and interfering constituents. Verification using rounds of pilot or jar testing in which all of the neces-

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YOUR BUSINESS/from page 36 sary design and raw water criteria can be fully ascertained and verified also must be done. Various manufacturers now offer and provide full and complete services to assist the designer with specific product applications and system design. These include jar testing and pilot studies; modular- or component-based water treatment systems—often constructed and shipped on skid-mounted assemblies for easy installation; technical advice; design/ engineering; start-up; and troubleshooting assistance. All of this effort is intended to make sure a water treatment system is designed and constructed to handle the exacting requirements of a specific application, not to mention decrease potential liability. These prefabricated filter plants are available in flow rates from just a few gallons per minute for small residential or public water systems all the way up to several million gallons per day for large municipal and industrial water systems. This wraps up our second part on secondary contaminants. Next month, we’ll delve into the specific substances that can readily interfere with the removal of these secondary contaminants along with miscellaneous design considerations. Until then, work safe and smart. WWJ

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By Gary Ganson, CIH, CSP

Hazard Communication—A New Look Updates to hazard standards are coming and early preparation will make compliance easier.

ecent activities by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration include efforts to enhance its current hazard communication standard. The emphasis is to make it more in line with the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS)—a system used broadly around the world. The purpose of this change will be to improve the communication of hazardous chemical information to workers by standardizing the type of information provided on labels, material safety data sheets (MSDS), and classification of hazards. OSHA has recognized it needs to update the hazard communication standard to be more consistent with the changing world. The GHS program has proven to be beneficial by sharing information between countries that ship or receive hazardous materials. Presently, OSHA has submitted a final hazardous communication standard to the Office of Management and Budget for review. Upon completion of their review, OSHA will publish the final rule in the Federal Register. While this process has been ongoing for years, the implementation of a final rule will still take months. Since this is a slow process, the more employers can prepare in advance, the less work will be required in the future to comply with the updated standard. As our world of knowledge and influence broadens across foreign borders

Gary Ganson, a certified industrial hygienist and certified safety professional, is a senior consultant for Terracon in Lenexa, Kansas.

40/ April 2012 Water Well Journal

and our purchased or exported products increase, the use of a standardized system for communicating hazard information becomes increasingly important in the protection of workers’ lives. The European community adopted the GHS program many years ago, and we are seeing an increasing number of other countries modify their regulatory systems to also apply the GHS information. Here is where it impacts many of the drillers in the United States. Because we import and use products in our drilling operations, the inconsistency of information requires time and more effort in the communication of hazardous chemical information. Contractors conducting training or site safety meetings can improve their method of obtaining and sharing information regarding these hazards and the protection necessary to prevent someone from being exposed during a drilling operation. Even the U.S. regulatory agencies have different requirements for hazard definitions. For example, there are sepa-

More Information Occupational Safety and Health Administration www.osha.gov/as/opa/facts-hcsghs.html www.osha.gov/dsg/hazcom/docs/ ghsoshacomparison.pdf Canadian Center for Occupational Safety and Health www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/chemicals/ ghs.html Global Harmonization Task Force www.ghtf.org

rate hazard communication programs and requirements for classification and labeling of chemicals for the Consumer Product Safety Commission, the Department of Transportation, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and OSHA—but not one of these agencies does the same thing. This can make for a confusing and sometimes dangerous situation. For instance, warning labels don’t match and there is no standard format within the United States for what MSDS should look like. As a consultant, I have helped companies review all their MSDS and have found no two alike among 3000 sheets. Under GHS, everyone is singing from the same hymn book, so to speak.

What is GHS? The GHS itself is not a regulation or a standard. Rather, the GHS establishes agreed hazard classification and communication provisions with explanatory information on how to apply the system. The elements in the GHS supply a mechanism to meet the basic requirement of any hazard communication system, which is to decide if the chemical product produced or supplied is hazardous and to prepare a label or MSDS as appropriate. Regulatory authorities in countries adopting the GHS will take the agreed criteria and provisions and implement them through their own regulatory process and procedures rather than simply incorporating the text of the GHS into their national requirements. The GHS includes criteria for the classification of health, physical, and waterwelljournal.com

The Benefits of GHS To companies: â&#x2014;? Safer work environment and improved relations with employees â&#x2014;? Increased efficiency and reduced costs from compliance with hazard communication regulations â&#x2014;? Application of expert systems, maximizing expert resources and minimizing labor and costs â&#x2014;? Facilitation of electronic transmission systems with international scope â&#x2014;? Expanded use of training programs on health and safety â&#x2014;? Reduced costs due to fewer accidents and illnesses â&#x2014;? Improved corporate image and credibility To workers and the public: â&#x2014;? Improved safety through consistent and simplified communications on chemical hazards and practices to follow for safe handling and use â&#x2014;? Greater awareness of hazards, resulting in safer use of chemicals in the workplace and in the home. To governments: Fewer chemical accidents and incidents â&#x2014;? Lower health care costs â&#x2014;? Improved protection of workers and the public from chemical hazards â&#x2014;? Avoiding duplication of effort in creating national systems â&#x2014;? Reduction in the costs of enforcement â&#x2014;? Improved reputation on chemical issues, both domestically and internationally. â&#x2014;?

environmental hazards, as well as specifying what information should be included on labels of hazardous chemicals and MSDS. The United States was an active participant in the development of the GHS and is a member of the United Nations bodies established to maintain and coordinate implementation of the system.

What are the benefits of adopting GHS? The sound management of chemicals should include systems through which chemical hazards are identified and communicated to all who are potentially exposed. These groups include workers, consumers, emergency responders, and the public. It is important to know which chemicals are present and are used, their hazards to human health and to the environment, and the means to control them. A number of classification and labeling systemsâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;each addressing specific use patterns and groups of chemicalsâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;exist at the national, regional, and international levels. The existing hazard classification and labeling systems address potential exposure to chemicals in all types of use settings. While the existing laws and regulations are similar, they are different enough to require multiple duplication of labels for the same product, both within the United States and in international trade, and to require multiple MSDS for the same product in international trade. Several U.S. regulatory agencies and various countries have different requirements for hazard definitions as well as for information to be included on labels or MSDS. The basic goal of hazard communication is to make sure employers, employees, and the public are provided with adequate, practical, reliable, and comprehensible information on the hazards

of chemicals so that they can take effective preventive and protective measures for their health and safety. Because of this, implementation of effective hazard communication provides benefits for companies, workers, members of the public, and governments (see sidebar). It is anticipated that application of the GHS will: â&#x2014;?

â&#x2014;?

Enhance the protection of human health and the environment by providing an internationally comprehensible system Provide a recognized framework to develop regulations for those countries without existing systems Facilitate international trade in chemicals whose hazards have been identified on an international basis Reduce the need for testing and evaluation against multiple classification systems.

Having readily available information on the hazardous properties of chemicals and recommended control measures allows the production, transport, use, and disposal of chemicals to be managed safely. This ensures human health and the environment are protected and the safe use of chemicals as they move through the product life cycle from â&#x20AC;&#x153;cradle to grave.â&#x20AC;? The real benefit of the GHS is that it simplifies what businesses are already doing by delivering faster and more pertinent information to protect workers. WWJ

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Water Well Journal April 2012 41/

By Ed Butts, PE, CPI

Engineering the Basics Part 12(a)—Hydrodynamics

he last installment of The Water Works (August 2011) discussed one of the two elements of hydraulics— hydrostatics, which is the study of fluids in a static condition, or when they are at rest. This installment is the first of two that will outline the many basic factors dealing with the second and more complex branch of hydraulics—hydrodynamics, or the study of fluids in motion. Certainly, hydrodynamics is a much more diverse field than hydrostatics as there are many more variables, formulas, and equations. Also there are the potential conversions associated with what happens when fluids are in motion rather than when they are simply static. The various factors include friction factors for fluids in a conduit (pipeline) or open channel flow as well as modifications for different characteristics of different fluids like viscosity and temperature. It would be easy to present multiple equations with different variables to describe hydrodynamics, many including complicated calculus equations. However, since our study is mainly concerned with groundwater systems, we will limit our discussion strictly to hydrodynamics as it relates to flow transmission of water in pipelines and open channels, common to water systems work.

Conservation of Energy

When I began to study engineering, one of the first concepts I had to understand were the Laws of Conservation of Energy, Mass, Momentum, and Angular Momentum. Once I fully understood these four concepts and the implications of each of them, I was able to see and work in the technical world in ways I had previously been unable to do. In working with fluid flow, the most important of these laws is the Law of Conservation of Energy. The 19th century Law of Conservation of Energy is a basic law of physics and an expansion on Newton’s earlier three physical Laws of Motion. Ed Butts, PE, CPI, is the chief engineer at 4B Engineering & Consulting, Salem, Oregon. He has more than 30 years experience in the water well business, specializing in engineering and business management. He can be reached at epbpe@juno.com.

42/ April 2012 Water Well Journal

It states that the total amount of energy in an isolated system remains constant over time. For an isolated system, this means energy can change its location within the system, and it can change its form within the system. For example, potential or pressure energy (as described in the August 2011 installment) can be converted to kinetic energy, but the total energy within the system can be neither created nor destroyed. In simple terms, this means the energy that is developed from a pump or by gravity, both sources of potential energy, can be converted to the energy needed to move fluids through a system—whether closed as in a conduit or open as in a ditch or channel. But the total energy that goes into the system on the front or inlet end must equal the sum of the energy at the end or outlet of the system, whether from potential energy or the energy used to overcome the friction within the system. Although there are various methods used to explain this concept, I have found the use of the extended Bernoulli (or energy) equation offers the best overall way: Z1 + V12 + P1v1 g c + Hp = Z2 + V22 + P2v2 gc + Hf 2g g 2g g

where: Z = height (elevation) above a reference level in feet (potential energy) V = velocity of fluid in feet per second (kinetic energy) P = pressure of fluid in pounds per square foot, lb/ft 2 (potential energy) v = specific volume of fluid in cubic feet per pound/mass (for water, 62.4 lbm/ft 3) Hp = head added by pump in feet of head (potential energy) Hf = head loss due to fluid friction in feet of head (loss in kinetic energy) g = acceleration due to gravity in feet per second/second (ft/sec 2)

Even though the formula may appear complicated and difficult to follow, my primary purpose in using it is to demonstrate the relationships within the formula itself. Essentially, you should take note of the fact that the variables (although not necessarily the values of them) are the same on both sides waterwelljournal.com

Q = flow rate in cubic feet per second (CFS or ft 3/sec) (1 CFS = 448.8 gpm) V = velocity in feet per second (FPS) A = area of conveyance in square feet (ft 2)

of the equal sign with the exception of the value of head added by a pump on the left side and the value of the head loss on the right side. In actual practice, however, the values of the variables on both sides of the equation are seldom the same as the various factors, such as the beginning (Z 1) (P1) and ending (Z 2 ) (P2 ) elevations and pressures of a system (usually a pipeline), rarely match. Generally, the values on the left side are those present on the inlet of the system and the values remaining on the right side comprise those on the end or outlet of the system.

Example: 10 CFS flows through a pipe at 4 FPS. To find the diameter:

Conservation of Mass

System Head Loss

A second important principle of physics used to explain the relationships of energy is the Law of Conservation of Mass. As the tenet applied to the Law of Conservation of Energy states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed, the same holds true for mass. Conservation of mass simply states that all mass flow rates (a measure of the mass of a fluid passing a point within the system per unit of time) entering a control volume are equal to all mass flow rates exiting the same control volume plus the rate of change of mass that occurs within the control volume. This can be expressed mathematically as: Massin = Massout + ∆Mass ∆Time

where:

∆Mass = the increase or decrease of the mass within the ∆Time control volume over a specified time span The validity and importance of the above principle for hydraulic applications can be expressed through the use of the continuity equation:

where:

MASSinlet = MASSoutlet or (pAV)inlet = (pAV)outlet or p1A1V1 = p 2 A 2V2

p = density of fluid in pounds per cubic foot (for water, 62.4 lb/ft 3) A = area of flow in square feet V = velocity of flow in feet per second

Example: Water flowing through a 6-inch-diameter pipe at 5 feet per second enters and flows through a 12-inch pipe. To find the 12-inch velocity: (62.4)(.196 ft 2)(5 FPS) = (62.4)(.785 ft 2)(V2) 61.152 = (48.984)(V2) 1.248 FPS = V2

There is a further expansion of the continuity equation, and it is one I often find to be more useful. It applies to both conduit and open channel flow, and is the following formula: where:

Q=V×A

10 CFS = (4 FPS) × (A) 2.5 ft 2 = area of pipe 2.5 ft 2 × 144 = 360 in 2 ÷ 3.14 = √114.65 =10.70(Rad.) × 2 = 21.4-inch diameter

Head loss (H f) of a piping system is a measurement of the reduction or loss in the total head of the fluid as it travels through a closed or open system and is unavoidable in real fluids. The head loss of a system includes the losses associated with the elevation head, velocity head, fluid vapor pressure, and the sum of all friction losses. This sum is the total of all friction between the fluid and the surface walls of the conveyance means (conduit or open channel), the friction between the adjacent fluid molecules as they move relative to each other, and the turbulence resulting from all changes of direction and velocity, including pumps, entrances and exits, valves, fittings, and other similar components. When using the Bernoulli equation, the individual components of head loss within a specific system include the sum of the difference of elevation head (Z1 – Z 2), the velocity head (max. V2), and the total friction loss (H f) of the entire system, 2g including all pipe, fittings, and valves.

Friction Loss—Introduction

The head loss from friction forces in a piping system is the result from the resistance of a fluid to flow. It is commonly referred to as friction loss and is typically measured in feet of head or pressure, in pounds per square inch (psi). For purposes of unit consistency, the use of feet of head loss is a universal term that is generally preferred over loss in psi for maintaining engineering accuracy. There are means available to ascertain this loss of head for virtually all types of liquids and conveyance methods. These can be adjusted for the specific fluid’s viscosity, the characteristics of the surface and smoothness of the conveyance method, and the length of travel. Although numerous formulas and methods exist to measure these losses, we will limit our outline to two formulas for closed conduit flow: the Darcy-Weisbach and Hazen-Williams equations, and for open channel, Manning’s equation.

Reynolds Number (Re)

Before discussing the various formulas used to determine the friction loss of a conveyance method, a brief outline of the Reynolds number is warranted, as it directly impacts the use of the most accurate formula used to ascertain friction loss, the Darcy-Weisbach formula. All fluids under flowing conditions are classified into one of three categories, which in turn determine the associated

WATER WORKS/continues on page 44 Twitter @WaterWellJournl

Water Well Journal April 2012 43/

Figure 1. A Reynolds number (Re) less than 2100 indicates pipe flow is laminar or constant. A higher number above 4000 indicates the flow condition is turbulent.

Figure 2. A hydraulic grade line will vary depending on water demand.

WATER WORKS/from page 43

Reynolds number (Figure 1), a dimensionless number. The three states of flow are laminar, turbulent, and transition. Laminar flow is also referred to as streamlined or viscous flow and is based on the fluid flowing without significant mixing between layers and in a streamlined orientation. Typically, the average velocity of flow is approximately 50% of the maximum velocity, with the flow profile in circular pipes parabolic in shape with the maximum flow occurring in the center region of the pipe and the maximum flow occurring around the pipe walls. The associated Reynolds number for laminar flow is all flow under 2100. The next classification of the Reynolds number is turbulent flow. Turbulent flow is characterized by an irregular movement of fluid molecules, with the average velocity of flow approximately equal to the velocity in the center of the pipe. The Reynolds number for turbulent flow is that over 4000. The span between 2100 and 4000 is considered as a transitional flow range. Although determination of the impact of the Reynolds number in a system’s head loss is generally performed by using a Moody chart, the formula shown below can also be used to determine it for pipeline flow. However, in reality and practice, most flows in water systems applications are classified as turbulent, with values often exceeding hundreds of thousands or even millions. There are several methods used to determine the Reynolds number for a particular system. However, the simplified version that follows is excellent for use in water system design:

Re =

where:

(29.4)(d)(u)

Re = Reynolds number, dimensionless Q = pipeline flow in gallons per minute (gpm) d = inside diameter of pipe in inches u = viscosity of fluid in ft 2/sec (water, 0.00001216 ft 2/sec at 60°F) 44/ April 2012 Water Well Journal

u for water at various temperatures = 0.00001931 at 32°F; 0.00000930 at 80°F; 0.00000609 at 120°F

Hydraulic Grade Line

Understanding what a hydraulic grade line is and how to work with one is another important function in understanding and analyzing water systems, particularly the distribution and storage elements of one. Referring back to our earlier discussion on the Bernoulli equation, a hydraulic grade line is also commonly and correctly called an energy grade line as it is the imaginary maximum elevation, usually inserted onto a water system map or grid, in which the water would rise solely from the remaining force of the water pressure at different locations or elevations within the system after reductions for all friction losses to that location. A hydraulic grade line is often helpful to engineers and others charged with the responsibility of designing or evaluating water systems, especially since pressures can be easily determined at various points along the route of a pipeline or distribution system. As seen in Figure 2, the starting “source of the available energy or head” is established at the maximum water surface elevation within the storage reservoir, which constitutes the source of the potential energy. The slope and height of the line at different locations along the path vary depending on the demands, locations, and elevations within the water system. At a “no flow” condition, usually observed during the late or early morning hours, the hydraulic grade line from the reservoir is basically horizontal and with essentially the same vertical elevation from ground as the water surface in the storage reservoir. As the demand gradually increases through the day from a low to high demand, the vertical distance of the waterwelljournal.com

Cavitation

Although more frequently associated with pumping applications, cavitation can occur in a piping configuration as well as in a pump and deserves a brief explanation. Cavitation, which can be mild or severe, can happen within the discharge as well as the suction side of a pump or piping system. It occurs when the fluid in transfer is allowed to fall below the vapor pressure corresponding to the fluid and temperature of the fluid during transfer. If the vapor pressure is permitted to drop below this level, usually due to a condition of excessive pressure drop, the fluid will vaporize and small bubbles will result and form within the fluid stream. As these bubbles travel back to a region of higher pressure, a collapse (or imploding) of the vapor bubbles results, creating the telltale sound many refer to as the same as that from “pumping gravel.” This action on the internal surfaces of the pump or piping can rapidly cause pitting and erosion to occur on these surfaces, often leading to a rapid loss of performance and efficiency, and if allowed to continue unabated, to ultimate failure of the component or unit. There are two likely points within a system where cavitation can occur. The first is anywhere a sudden and significant change of velocity (or pressure drop) can exist, such as within the suction or impeller eye of a pump or with a radical reduction in pipe size. The second is within a throttling type of valve such as a pressure reducing or sustaining control valve or a throttled gate, ball, or butterfly valve. The primary method used to prevent cavitation within a piping system is to avoid applications where the pressure differential across the valve seat and disc exceeds the allowable value for that particular valve, which creates excessive velocity across the seat or disc, allowing the fluid to fall below the corresponding vapor pressure, resulting in cavitation. Most manufacturers can provide data that can guide the designer in avoiding this condition. In extreme cases where it may be difficult or impossible to control, the use of special materials to resist the action of cavitation can help extend the life of the component. The vapor pressure, although not technically included in the Bernoulli equation, is a value of loss of head, but is actually a factor associated with the specific fluid and temperature of application and a critical consideration to avoid cavitation. Twitter @WaterWellJournl

For water, the vapor pressure ranges from 0.59 feet of head at 60°F up to 33.9 feet of head at 210°F. A typical value used for groundwater system design is 1.0 foot. This concludes the first portion on hydrodynamics. Next month, we will conclude by introducing the various equations used to calculate friction loss in pipes, fittings, and open channels as well as provide charts to assist you with easily determining the head losses in your particular design. Until then, keep them pumping! WWJ JOURNAL

grade line towards the ground surface decreases and becomes closer to the buildings shown in the figure. At the highest demand, the example grade line is barely above the highest buildings, which demonstrates the “available pressure” remaining in the local water system. In some cases, this can result in a situation with barely enough or even no residual water pressure to provide adequate fire protection service to the highest floors of the tall buildings. In addition to routine or unusual changes during a typical day, the slope of a hydraulic grade line can also change from month to month and season to season. This type of graphic representation is helpful to engineers when analyzing water systems and an understanding of its use and function should be understood by all designers of municipal or large domestic water systems.

A PUBLICATION OF THE NATIONAL GROUND WATER ASSOCIATION

Don’t Miss the Buyers Guides Make sure to look for the Water Well Journal Buyers Guide in the June 2012 issue. It’s the most comprehensive guide in the groundwater industry. It will feature contact information for the manufacturers, suppliers, and manufacturer representatives, a directory of trade names, and an index of products and services. Also, coming next month in the May issue is WWJ ’s annual pump buyers guide. It will contain an easy-to-read grid that details the types of pumps of each manufacturer. The annual rig buyers guide will be a part of the July 2012 WWJ. And if you need information now, go online to http://info.ngwa.org/ wwjbg/ where WWJ ’s searchable buyers guide can have the information at your fingertips in seconds!

Circle card no. 34

Water Well Journal April 2012 45/

By William J. Lynott

Are You Diversified? Not as easy as it sounds, but it’s important for your portfolio. f there is one investment philosophy that approaches universal agreement among financial advisors, it’s the need for careful diversification in every portfolio in order to minimize risk. But exactly what does diversification mean? And how can you tell if your investments are truly diversified? The popular television show Mad Money hosted by Jim Cramer has a segment called “Am I Diversified?” in which viewers call in and give the host their top five holdings and the host lets them know if they are properly diversified. According to Jason Whitby, a senior financial advisor with Miami-based Investor Solutions, it’s not quite that simple. “The idea of five-stock diversification is mostly refuted by the financial community,” he says, “which tends to agree that the number of individual stocks needed for diversification is actually closer to 30.” So, where did the number 30 come from? According to Whitby, it was probably the result of a 1965 study by financial analysts Fisher and Lorie. “From this study came the mythical legend that 95% of the benefit of diversification is captured with a 30-stock portfolio,” he says. “While 30 is no doubt better than five, it just isn’t good enough.”

Bill Lynott is a management consultant, author, and lecturer who writes on business and financial topics for a number of publications. His book, Money: How to Make the Most of What You’ve Got, is available through any bookstore. You can reach him at wlynott@ cs.com or through his Web site: www.blynott. com.

46/ April 2012 Water Well Journal

A later study seems to support Whitby’s conclusions by suggesting that even a portfolio of 60 stocks captures only 86% of the diversification of the market in question. Obviously, effective diversification is not as simple as it may seem on the surface. So how do you go about making sure your portfolio is truly diversified? According to Whitby, to be properly diversified in a way that will adequately capture the market’s returns and reduce risk, you must capture the entire global market including: ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

Domestic growth small companies Domestic value small companies Domestic growth large companies Domestic value large companies Foreign growth small companies Foreign value small companies Foreign growth large companies Foreign value large companies Emerging market companies.

Further, he says, you must capture the entire industry diversification within each of the above markets. 1. Telecom services 2. Utilities 3. Energy 4. Consumer staples 5. Health care 6. Materials 7. Information technology 8. Financials 9. Consumer discretionary 10. Industrials. Wow! If Whitby is correct in his assumptions, it would seem obvious that individual investors attempting to properly diversify their portfolios by selecting individual stocks—whether in the entire global market or just the U.S.

market—have little or no chance of succeeding. Among the difficulties to consider in that approach, he cites: ●

● ● ●

Whether your portfolio is large enough to have a meaningful position size in each category Having so many stocks to trade would increase trading cost Administrative record keeping and statements would be overwhelming Such a portfolio would be very difficult, time consuming, and expensive to research and manage.

“Too often people end up with a collection of somewhat random investments,” Whitby says. “The individual choices may be fine, but as a whole provide only the illusion of diversification. Proper global diversification requires a careful allocation of multiple asset classes and styles. For the vast majority of investors, the only practical and costeffective way to achieve true diversification is through broad-based, no-load index mutual funds and exchange-traded funds.” Whitby emphasizes that it’s important to stick with index funds—that is, funds that attempt to track one of the standard stock market indexes such as the Dow-Jones Industrials or the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index. Equally important, you should stay away from mutual funds that have a sales charge called a “load.” The load may be imposed as a sales charge when you buy the fund or a redemption charge imposed when you sell the fund. Either way, you will be paying a fee that contributes nothing to the likelihood of successful performance. Always make certain the mutual fund you are buying

YOUR MONEY/continues on page 48 waterwelljournal.com

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YOUR MONEY/from page 46

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Circle card no. 6

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is a “no-load” fund. Past studies have shown that load funds have no performance advantage over no-load funds. If you should decide to invest in the increasingly popular exchange-traded funds (ETFs), you’ll pay the same sales commission as stocks. However, their passive management results in low management fees that tend to offset the sales commissions. Another advantage of ETFs is that you buy and sell them just like stocks with posted price changes during the trading day. Thus, you know the exact details of your transaction as soon as the trade is completed. When you buy or sell a regular mutual fund, you must wait until the following day to get that information. Whether you decide on index mutual funds or exchangetraded funds, you’ll have a wide choice. There are now more mutual funds and exchange-traded funds than stocks from which to choose. Always keep in mind, though, that any investment in equities—whether in individual stocks, mutual funds, or exchange-traded funds—carries risk. If the price of equities contained in a given fund goes down, the value shares in the fund will go down as well. While there is no way to eliminate risk in any form of stock market investment, financial advisors agree that proper diversification is the key to minimizing that risk. WWJ Information in this article is provided for educational and reference purposes only. It is not intended to provide specific advice or individual recommendations. Consult an accountant or tax advisor for advice regarding your particular situation.

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48/ April 2012 Water Well Journal

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257 Caroline St. 257 Caroline St.

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Circle card no. 38

By Ron Slee

Customers and Employees Want You to Lead It isn’t good enough to be a follower anymore.

he market in the United States has been under duress for some time. We can call it a result of the financial meltdown in 2008 or the political wrangling in Washington and in many statehouses. We can call it a lot of things, but none of that does us any good. You have to take charge. You have to recognize that the world we live in is just that—the world we live in. We can become victims to it or we can refuse to be defeated by it. In any case this isn’t about you at all. It is about your customers and your employees. You have to be the leader, period. You have to set the tone and create the environment where talented employees and customers will want to be a part of. It really is that simple. No, I am not being a Pollyanna. I am suggesting that life as it exists isn’t the end of the world. It is what you make of it. Many people see lemons while the people we look up to and want to emulate make lemonade. The old expression is not woe is me! Rather it is where are the opportunities? So I want to create a call to arms. Here are five actions I want you to do.

Ron Slee is the founder of R.J. Slee & Associates in Rancho Mirage, California, a consulting firm that specializes in dealership operations. He also operates Quest Learning Centers, which provides training services specializing in product support, and Insight (M&R) Institute, which operates “Dealer Twenty” Groups. He can be reached at ron@rjslee.com.

50/ April 2012 Water Well Journal

The old expression is not woe is me! Rather it is where are the opportunities?

Review all of your customer business. Find out what is on the rise and what is on the decline and do something about it. Contact each and every customer and have a discussion with them. What is going on in their lives? How can you be of more service? Thank them for the increase in business they have given you or ask them what is going on that led to the decline in the business they have given you. Get involved with them.

Sell something that is needed in the lives of your customers. In classroom training with telephone salespeople years ago, I had some of the people take a play telephone and hold it to their ears. I asked them, “What is that noise?” It was a dial tone. Many people in our business don’t make outbound calls; they only take inbound calls. In fact, they are nervous to make outbound calls. You know the ones I like—the calls that are meant for your company to sell something to the customer.

Offer inspection services to your customers. Have an annual checkup of their systems—just like you do with your doctor. It is called preventive maintenance. I would like you to sell a maintenance program to all customers when they buy something—a home water well pumping system, a purification system, or other major products. Include the maintenance and annual checkups in the initial sale. They can finance the complete package over the term of the loan.

Offer training to your customers on products and services. On a weekend or an evening once a month, provide a special event. Have a speaker from government, a supplier, the industry, or even one of your employees. The topic can be regulatory concerns, safety, new technology, whatever—something that will be of value to the customer. It also is a good occasion for you to have a dialogue with your customers.

Have monthly or quarterly celebratory meetings with your employees. You should recognize employee excellence. You can also talk about new products, markets, opportunities, or even enlist your staff’s help in looking for solutions to problems you are having. This is an opportunity to say thank

AFTER MARKET/continues on page 53 waterwelljournal.com

YOU DONâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;T NEED TO GO IT ALONE. All groundwater industry companies share the same challengesâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;generating more businessâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;finding, training, and retaining qualified employeesâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;controlling operating costsâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;protecting their business. But you donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t need to go it alone . . .

*/). .'7! 4/$!9 Joining NGWA is like adding the expertise of thousands to your staff. Youâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ll have access to resources developed by, and for, the groundwater industry such as: s "USINESS MANAGEMENT ARTICLES CONTRACT SAMPLES AND EMPLOYMENT APPLICATIONS s #OST CALCULATORS FOR DRILLING PUMP INSTALLATION AND GEOTHERMAL s )NDUSTRY BEST SUGGESTED PRACTICES RANGING FROM MANAGING A mOWING WATER WELL TO REDUCING PROBLEMATIC CONCENTRATIONS OF NITRATES IN RESIDENTIAL WELL SYSTEMS )N ADDITION YOU LL RECEIVE DISCOUNTS ON s )NSURANCE COVERAGE TO PROTECT YOU YOUR EMPLOYEES AND YOUR BUSINESS s %DUCATIONAL OFFERINGS FROM WORKSHOPS TO 7EBINARS AS WELL AS THE .'7! 'ROUNDWATER %XPO s 6OLUNTARY CERTIlCATION PROGRAM EXAM FEES RENEWALS BOOKSTORE PURCHASES AND MORE 0LUS WHEN YOU JOIN .'7! YOU BECOME PART OF THE COLLECTIVE VOICE WORKING TO INmUENCE POLICYMAKING AND PROMOTE THE IMPORTANCE OF GROUNDWATER BOTH AS A RESOURCE AND AN INDUSTRY

www.NGWA.org s 800 551.7379 s 614 898.7791 Circle card no. 29

By Michelle Nichols

A Rocket Ride to the Sales Stratosphere Your launch pad? Pen, paper, and a few minutes to calculate which aspects of your professional routine produce the greatest and fastest results.

ne of my favorite scenes in the classic movie Top Gun comes when Maverick (Tom Cruise) and Goose (Anthony Edwards) give each other high-fives and declare they “feel the need for speed.” While that’s the sort of sentiment we associate with fighter pilots, it also applies to salespeople. No, not when you’re in your car driving between appointments (Please, we have enough crazy drivers on the road already!) but rather when you’re out there in the trenches, visiting customers and selling. Speed is usually expressed in miles per hour. Similarly, “selling speed” is sales generated per hour of effort. To boost your selling speed, you must first do some calculations and then refocus your selling activities. The benefit of increasing your selling speed is that you can reach your sales goals faster. On the other hand, you can give yourself a raise and sell more in the same number of selling hours. The good news is that when it comes to selling, there is no speed limit. Increasing your selling speed will involve four simple steps:

“Selling speed” is sales generated per hour of effort. 2. Compute the selling speed of each activity. 3. Rank them from “fastest” to “slowest.” 4. Devote more of your time to the activities at the top of the list. Just like on the highway, the more hours you spend at higher speeds, the more ground you cover—or in our case, the more sales you book. What follows is a step-by-step plan to increase your selling speed.

Step One Start by taking a look through your calendar. Write down all the different activities you do in a typical selling month—prospecting, visiting, closing, follow-up, servicing, and that evil timesuck, paperwork. You can do it either on a per-client basis or a per-type-ofactivity basis—whichever is easier or more meaningful.

1. Make a list of all of your selling activities.

Step Two

Michelle Nichols is a professional sales speaker, trainer, and consultant based in Reno, Nevada. Her Savvy Selling Success Pack is available through NGWA. She can be reached at (775) 303-8201 or at michelle.nichols@savvyselling.com.

Look over your results. Compute the total sales return per activity over the same monthly period. Then add up the number of hours it took you to achieve those results for each activity. Divide the results by the hours and—voila!— you’ve got your selling speed. For example, if it takes a total of four

52/ April 2012 Water Well Journal

hours’ effort to make a $1000 sale, your selling speed is $250 per hour. By the way, if you could maintain that pace, you would earn around $500,000 annually—not bad! For those who are less analytical (count me in), simply rank the returns from your activities on a 1-to-5 scale. As in everything else, the rule of “garbage in, garbage out” applies, so the more specific your information and analysis, the more meaningful your results will be. Some of your activities may not pay off in measurable sales today, but since they are laying the groundwork for tomorrow’s business, you may need to adjust your figures accordingly. Just don’t be too generous when assigning a value to investments of time and effort that have yet to come to fruition, because while preparing for the future is all well and good, your bills and quotas are due now. Also, things may change, and all your work could be for naught, so be tough with yourself and focus on the more immediate rewards.

Step Three List in order each activity by its selling speed. Start with those that generate the most sales per hour down to those with the smallest return. The results can be really shocking—or reassuring. Post this list where you can see it all the time. Drill the concept this list represents into your subconscious.

Step Four When you plan your selling work, focus on those tasks near the top of the waterwelljournal.com

list. When you finish a task, look once again towards the top of the list for the next one. This process may result in a sweeping change in the work you do, and with a corresponding increase in your sales results. You will probably start to look for more opportunities, move more tasks further along the selling cycle, and close more sales. You’ll probably experience a corresponding decrease in the desire to forward funny e-mails, attend general networking lunches, and file copies of reports. Or in other words, you’ll squander less time on less productive pursuits. A word of warning here. While a simpleton might be tempted to do only those tasks at the top of the list and disregard the duties at the bottom, consider a few other options. You can outsource these bottom-of-the-list chores with low payoffs, delegate them to others on staff (or maybe even one of your teenagers?) or, when possible, simply scratch them from the list altogether. A good rule to remember: “Only do what only you can do”—and that’s front-line selling. Now I’m the first one to admit that sitting down and analyzing a bunch of numbers isn’t my idea of fun. If it was, I’d be an engineer or an accountant. That’s when I remind myself the elite U.S. Navy Strike Fighter Tactics Instructor Program (the official name of the “Top Gun” academy) is for the top 1% of pilots. So sit down, do the math, and then apply the results to your selling process. Guess what? Your chance of making the top 1% of the salespeople in your industry will skyrocket. Happy selling! WWJ

AFTER MARKET/from page 50 you and embrace your employees and their efforts in their work. Have any of you been thanked too much in your life? I doubt it. Remember, when you call to sell something to your customers, it is a form of thank you. You are paying attention to their needs enough that you want them to take advantage of a sale or a new product or a better method. The same can be said about the inspection services. Your wife or your husband will thank you for taking care of your health by going to the doctor. Your customer will thank you for looking after them and their equipment with your inspections. All of this is a form of thank you. Recently, I reviewed a film called The Happiness Advantage developed by Harvard University. It is an uplifting film and one that everyone should watch. In it, the speaker describes that it takes 21 days of an activity to have it imprinted on your brain and to become a habit in your life. So each of the five actions I want you to do can’t be a one of a kind or once in a lifetime type of event. They have to continue. The speaker in the film also said that if you have 15 minutes of exercise every morning before going to work, your IQ is measurably higher. That is a habit I am going to spend the next 21 days getting into. I need all the help I can get. How about you? Get involved in a positive way. The time is now. WWJ

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Water Well Journal April 2012 53/

COMING

EVENTS

April 13–14/ Empire State Water Well Drillers’ Association Spring Meeting/ Milford, New York. Web: www.nywell driller.org/news.asp April 22/ Earth Day/ Web: www.earthday .org/earth-day-2012 April 27/ Wisconsin Ground Water Association Recognition and Technical Symposium/ Pewaukee, Wisconsin. Web: www.wgwa.org/events

May 23–26/ Canwell 2012: Canadian Groundwater Symposium/ Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Web: www.canwell2012.ca June 4–6/ Hydrogeology Field Methods Course: What You Didn’t Learn in School Short Course/ Andover, Minnesota. PH: (800) 551-7379, Fax: (614) 898-7786, E-mail: customerservice@ngwa.org, Web: www.NGWA.org

April 30–May 4/ NWQMC’s 8th National Monitoring Conference: Water—One Resource—Shared Eﬀort—Common Future/ Portland, Oregon. Web: acwi.gov/ monitoring/conference/2012

June 5–6/ Underground Infrastructure Research (UIR) International Conference and Trenchless Technology Road Show 2012/ Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada. Web: www.civil.uwaterloo.ca/catt/ TrenchlessRoadshow2012/roadshow.htm

May 3–5/ 2012 Florida Ground Water Association Convention & Trade Show/ Orlando, Florida. Web: www.fgwa.org/ events.cfm

June 10–14/ ACE 12: American Water Works Association Annual Conference & Exposition/ Dallas, Texas. Web: www .awwa.org/ACE12/index.cfm

May 6–10/ 2012 NGWA Ground Water Summit: Innovate and Integrate— Succeeding as a Groundwater Professional in a Water-Short World/ Garden Grove, California. PH: (800) 551-7379, Fax: (614) 898-7786, E-mail: customer service@ngwa.org, Web: www.NGWA .org

June 24–27/ 46th U.S. Rock Mechanics Geomechanics Symposium/ Chicago, Illinois. Web: www.armasymposium.org/ index.html

May 13–19/ Drinking Water Week/ Web: www.bcwwa.org/public-info/drinkingwater-week.html May 22–23/ 2012 Water Technology Innovation Cluster Conference: Making Water Connections/ Dayton, Ohio. Web: www.makingwaterconnections.com

June 25–29/ The Sixth International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology/ Houston, Texas. Web: www.aasci.org/conference/env/2012/index .html June 26–27/ NGWA Focus Conference on Midwestern Groundwater Issues/ Columbus, Ohio. PH: (800) 551-7379, Fax: (614) 898-7786, E-mail: customer service@ngwa.org, Web: www.NGWA.org

There IS a better way ! The Mud Man Recycling Units Mud Pumps 80 to 2000 gpm Rentals and Sales Parts & Accessories

June 28/ Water Sampling and Laboratory Procedures/ Dover, New Jersey. Web: www.cpe.rutgers.edu/courses/current/ eo0102ca.html July 21–23/ 2012 South Atlantic Well Drillers Jubilee/ Virginia Beach, Virginia. PH: (540) 740-3329, E-mail: info@well-drillers.com, Web: www.jubilee watershow.com September 11/ Protect Your Groundwater Day/ PH: (800) 551-7379, Fax: (614) 8987786, E-mail: customerservice@ngwa.org, Web: www.NGWA.org September 24–26/ State and National Rural Water Association WaterPro Conference/ Nashville, Tennessee. Web: www.waterproconference.org September 27–29/ Washington State Ground Water Association Convention/ Pasco, Washington. Web: www .wsgwa.org/events-calendar.htm September 28–29/ New Mexico Ground Water Association CEU Blitz/ Ruidoso, New Mexico. Web: www.nmgwa.org October 14–20/ Earth Science Week/ Web: www.earthsciweek.org October 16–17/ NGWA Focus Conference on Gulf Coast Groundwater Issues/ Baton Rouge, Louisiana. PH: (800) 551-7379, Fax: (614) 898-7786, E-mail: customer service@ngwa.org, Web: www.NGWA .org October 18–20/ California Groundwater Association Annual Convention and Trade Show/ Sparks, Nevada. Web: www.groundh2o.org/events/ index.html December 4–7/ 2012 NGWA Groundwater Expo and Annual Meeting/ Las Vegas, Nevada. PH: (800) 551-7379, Fax: (614) 898-7786, E-mail: customerservice @ngwa.org, Web: www.NGWA.org *Dates shown in red are National Ground Water Association events. *Dates shown with are events where the National Ground Water Research and Educational Foundation’s McEllhiney Lecture will be presented. Lecture schedules are subject to change. Check www.NGWA.org for the latest information.

P.O. Box 509/2610 Hwy 31 W Athens, Texas 75751 866-675-3240

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NEWSMAKERS BUSINESS GROWTH Vermeer Corp., a manufacturer of horizontal directional drilling systems and other products based in Pella, Iowa,

introduced the Borestore tooling and accessories warehouse at this year’s Underground Construction Technology International Conference and Exhibition. Borestore (www.borestore.com) offers the complete line of Vermeer horizontal directional drill tooling and accessories. CMC Supply, a Roanoke, Virginiabased company, announced the acquisition of Rocky Mount Supply Co., with branches in Rocky Mount and Bedford, Virginia. Rocky Mount Supply was founded in 1978 and is a supplier of plumbing, water systems, electrical, lighting, and appliances to home building, plumbing, and electrical contractors. Rocky Mount Supply and Bedford Supply will continue to operate under their existing names and will be led by their current employees. Flowserve Corp., a provider of flow control products and services for the global infrastructure markets, and S&A Abahsain Co. Ltd., one of the top 50 business entities within Saudi Arabia, formally inaugurated a new valve manufacturing plant and training center in February in the Dammam Second Industrial City during an on-site ceremony. The Dammam manufacturing plant is a state-of-the-art, 55,000square-foot facility with capabilities for component machining, valve assembly, and testing. The facility is operated by Flowserve Abahsain Flow Control Co. Ltd., a joint venture between Flowserve and S&A Abahsain. Twitter @WaterWellJournl

NEW ADDITIONS Ultraviolet disinfection specialist Aquionics has named Paul Ropic its new municipal sales manager. In his new position, Ropic will lead the growth of the company’s sales of water and wastewater disinfection units for municipal applications. Prior to joining Aquionics, Ropic was Paul Ropic territory manager for Wedeco Products where he was responsible for sales of municipal UV and ozone projects in 25 states. Koch Membrane Systems has hired Ravichandran Subramanian as regional commercial manager. He will be responsible for developing the markets for all KMS products in Southeast Asia for both the water and wastewater and the industrial and life sciences divisions of the company. Subramanian has more than 15 years of industry experience.

CERTIFICATION SJE-Rhombus, a manufacturer, and globally recognized training provider Next Level Purchasing Inc. announced that Randy Jensen, senior buyer for SJERhombus, has received the Senior Professional in Supply Management certification. The SPSM certification has been earned by purchasing professionals in more than 60 countries across six continents and is comprised of a series of interactive online Randy Jensen courses enabling purchasing professionals to master skills in purchasing fundamentals, analysis and spreadsheets, contract law, negotiation, best practices, and sourcing. Do you have any news about your company or someone at your firm? If so, send all the necessary information to: Mike Price, Water Well Journal, 601 Dempsey Rd., Westerville, OH 43081.E-mail: mprice@ngwa.org. Deadline is 15th of two months preceding publication (April 15 for June issue).

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STATE

WATCH

NEWS FROM NGWA’S STATE GROUNDWATER ASSOCIATIONS

Iowa

Minnesota

Pennsylvania

The Iowa Water Well Association 83rd Annual Convention and Trade Show, January 25-26 in Coralville, drew more than 300 attendees and over 40 exhibitors. NGWA Board of Directors member Gary Shawver, MGWC, president of Shawver Well Co. Inc. in Fredericksburg, attended the event where attendees sat in on classes to meet Continuing Education Unit requirements. Shawver, “Most were focused Gary MGWC on getting their CEUs and getting back to work,” Shawver says. “Most contractors who I spoke with were busy. The Iowa Department of Natural Resources presentation showed that well permits for the first month were well ahead of the last few years as of the same time.”

Nearly 300 attended and more than 80 exhibited at the 90th Annual Minnesota Water Well Association Trade Show and Convention, that was held January 22-24 in Alexandria. NGWA Secretary Richard Thron, MGWC, president of Mantyla Well Drilling Inc. in Lakeland, introduced Marvin F. Glotfelty, RG, the 2012 NGWREF McEllhiney Lecturer. The National Ground Water Research and Educational Foundation is operated by the National Ground Water Association as a 501(c)(3) public foundation. Glotfelty’s McEllhiney Lecture is titled “Life-Cycle Economic Analysis of Water Wells—Considerations for Design and Construction.” “The lecture was excellent and many people talked with Marvin throughout the convention,” Thron says.

The Pennsylvania Ground Water Association reports B.F. Environmental Consultants Inc. funded and conducted a private well owner survey for the Marcellus Shale region. All information is confidential, but the summary will be used to update an existing free information guidebook for private well owners. The free booklet Water Quality—Your Private Well: What Do the Results Mean? can be found at www.bfenvironmental.com/ pdfs/Waterbooklet070610.pdf.

BOREHOLE GEOPHYSICAL LOGGING SYSTEMS For Ground Water Applications *Aquifer Properties* *Screen Location*

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Utah The 2012 Utah Ground Water Association Conference and Expo, January 1213 in Mesquite, Nevada, drew more than 100 attendees and nearly 20 exhibitors. The event hosted various professional development courses for attendees to meet Continuing Education Unit requirements. NGWA Treasurer Joseph “Augie” Guardino, general manager of Guardino Well Drilling Inc. in Morgan Hill, California, attended for the second consecutive year.

Wisconsin More than 50 exhibitors and 150 attendees took part in the 2012 Wisconsin Water Well Association Ground Water Conference, January 11-12 in Wisconsin Dells. The association is addressing geothermal issues and working on a code for geothermal.

Wyoming

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NGWA President John Pitz, CPI, attended the Wyoming Water Well Association 2012 Convention, January 25-27 in Casper, where more than 100 attendees and more than 20 exhibitors took part. The association is adjusting to state regulations for water well construction. Pitz, president of N.L. Pitz Inc. in Batavia, Illinois, gave a presentation on the role of today’s groundwater professionals. Have state association news? Send to Mike Price at Water Well Journal, 601 Dempsey Rd., Westerville, OH 43081, or e-mail mprice@ngwa.org.

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FEATURED Solinst Levelogger Junior Edge Features Increased Memory

The new Solinst Levelogger Junior Edge provides a cost-effective option for water level and temperature datalogging. It uses the same durable Hastelloy pressure sensor as the Levelogger Edge, which has superior corrosion resistance and can withstand up to two times overpressure without permanent damage. The Levelogger Junior Edge features an increased memory capacity of 40,000 sets of water level and temperature datapoints, accuracy is 0.1% FS, and the battery lasts up to five years. If greater accuracy, sampling options, or ranges are required, the Solinst Levelogger Edge has the functionality to suit your application. The Levelogger

Edge has 0.05% accuracy, a 10-year battery, and memory for up to 120,000 datapoints using the linear compressed sampling option. Operation of the Levelogger Junior Edge and Levelogger Edge is intuitive with user-friendly software, and simple to deploy with direct read cables or stainless steel wire line/Kevlar cord using Solinst 2-inch locking well caps. Circle card no. 50

Atlas Copco Upgrades Silence Kit on Two SmartROC Drill Rigs Atlas Copco announced the availability of a newly upgraded silence kit for its SmartROC T35 and T40 surface drill rigs. The original kit was introduced in 2005, consisting of a distinctive hood enclosing the drill rod. The new silence kit, developed in cooperation with experienced users, reduces the noise generated from the feed by an additional 2 dB(A). Key improvements include a double layer of noise absorbent material to-

PRODUCTS

gether with an upgraded aluminum chassis that has greater resistance to drill rod vibration. Without the silence kit, the noise level of the SmartROC T35 and T40 is 127 dB(A) at peak power. With the upgraded silence kit added, tests show that the noise level drops to 115 dB(A), providing an improved working environment at urban construction sites and meeting current demands for lower noise levels. It has four access hatches, with a fifth at the top of the feed. These can be opened two at a time at the touch of a button, allowing access for rod handling, inspection of coupling sleeves, or service. In addition, the kit has also been equipped with an improved lighting system. Circle card no. 51

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Water Well Journal April 2012 57/

FEATURED

PRODUCTS pipe installation and replacement, CertainTeed Corp. is expanding its CertaLok C900 restrained-joint PVC pipe product line to include an integral bell design option. The company is also adding a 14-inch-diameter option to its line of Certa-Lok C905 RJ restrainedjoint pipe to meet the growing industry demand for larger size water and sewer pipe system applications. Available in 4, 6, and 8-inch diameters, Certa-Lok C900 RJIB (restrained-

CertainTeed Offers Integral Bell Restrained-Joint PVC Pipe, Larger Diameter Responding to the needs of contractors, engineers, and municipalities with growing recognition for both the economic and environmental advantages of trenchless

joint integral bell) features CertainTeed’s time- and field-proven mechanical pipe joining system, which uses a combination of precision-machined grooves and a nylon spline to provide exceptional tensile strength in pulling or pushing operations. Rounding out the design, a flexible elastomeric gasket within the integral bell provides a solid pressurecertified hydraulic seal. Circle card no. 52

Water-Right Makes New Inch Worm Feature Available on Air Charge Filters

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Water-Right’s Impression Series Air Sulfur (IMS) and Air Iron (IMB) backwashing filters are now equipped with a new feature nicknamed “inch worm.” Actually an additional cycle, the piston is positioned to remove air from a unit before it goes into its true backwash cycle. This allows the control valve to slowly “inch” its way into backwash, allowing any air to escape slowly instead of the rush of air experienced with some air systems. This is especially useful with air style systems, gaseous water conditions, or where a micronizer is in use to oxidize water. The slow release of air virtually eliminates the thrashing of drain lines, or noisy discharge of air to drain when the valve first advances to backwash.

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Designed with non-stretch, flexible polyethylene tape, the Solinst Model 101 P2 Water Level Meter has permanent heat embossed markings every 1/100 feet. The easily repairable flat tape is available in lengths up to 6000 feet and provides clear and accurate water level measurements in wells, boreholes, and standpipes.

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58/ April 2012 Water Well Journal

Solinst Provides Reliable Water Level Meters

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PRODUCTS

FEATURED

Bell & Gossett ESP-System Syzer Available as Mobile App for iPad and iPhone Xylem Inc. announced its Bell & Gossett ESP System Syzer is now available for mobile handheld devices. The ESP-System Syzer is accurate at calculating flow rates and pressure drops in Twitter @WaterWellJournl

Free for member s!

Prepared by a consensus of groundwater industry professionals from around the country, NGWAâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s best suggested practices â&#x20AC;&#x201D;or BSPsâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;are designed to aid you at industry job sites. They are not standards, but practices that have been demonstrated to show superior results. s Managing a Flowing Water Well s Reduce and Mitigate Problematic Concentrations of Stray Gases in Water Well Systems s Reducing Problematic Concentrations of Arsenic in Residential Well Systems s Reducing Problematic Concentrations of Boron in Residential Well Systems

s Reducing Problematic Concentrations of Nitrates in Residential Well Systems s Reducing Problematic Concentrations of Radon in Residential Well Systems s Reducing Problematic Concentrations of Strontium in Residential Well Systems s Reducing Problematic Concentrations of Uranium in Residential Well Systems

s Reducing Problematic Concentrations of Fluoride in Residential Well Systems

s Residential Well Cleaning

s Reducing Problematic Concentrations of Iron and Manganese in Residential Well Systems

s Water Well Systems for Fire Protection Services for Stand-Alone Housing Units of Four or Fewer

s Reducing Problematic Concentrations of Microorganisms in Residential Well Systems

s Water Well Systems Inspection

Approved by NGWA

To obtain your copy, visit the NGWA bookstore at www.NGWA.org or call 800 551.7379 (614 898.7791). Price per BSP: s NGWA members FREE s Nonmembers $75 Circle card no. 25

lematic Reducing Prob of Iron Concentrations in and Manganese Systems Residential Well

Approved by NGWA Board of Directors:

3/9/2010 Board of Directors Managing a: Flowing Water Well 7/22/2010 Reduce and Mitig ate Problematic Concentrations of Stray Gases in Water Well Systems Introduction

Approved by NGWA Board of Directors : 6/8/2010

ed Practice

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Get superior results on the job site with these best practices.

As a benefit to members of the National Ground Water Association, this document provides best suggested practices for water well drilling contractors on procedures to follow when managing a flowing artesian well. The best preparation is to understand geologic conditions in the area. If artesian conditions are known to exist, contractors need to be prepared for potential flow, plan Introduct ion for off-site water discharge, and follow best practices. As a benefit to members of the National Ground water well system Water Ass Association, this professional (WWSP) the document provides with basic knowledge Definitions during well drilling/cons document provides tthe dge for gases that Association, this truction and Because nd suggested practices may be encount Introduction Ground Water Artesian Well: encountered fugitive) gas levels. practices. National the to reduce and suggested re members of Because of varying and mitigate elevated arying geologic As a benefit to prescriptive with basic knowledge An artesian well is not necessarily a flowing well. Artesian implies there isdevelop a confining bed stray ((or conditions and a totally to develop a totally prescriptive guideline. professional (WWSP) other factors, it ot is not practical water well system is not practic and the water level (potentiometric surface) of the well rises above the top ofSubsurface the aquifergases practical to other factors, it conditions and may occur dissolved solved in groundwater of varying geologic (Figure 1). A flowing well means specifically that water flows out the top supply. of the well without in the United States; Sometimes or as a gas in the the concentratio health standards head space of a ns of select gases guideline. document to public careful site selection the use of a pump. wate water will prove throughout this ve to be unacceptably and references well are construction even There truction,, or after high even recommend cost-effectiv eve after standards. unacceptably high cleaning an eexisting Confined Aquifer: have different e options to mitigate will prove to be well. The WWSP WWSP other nations may sive for the consumer such problems. of select constituents can existing well. The A confined aquifer, also called an artesian aquifer, is one restricted by an impermeable layer to install For instance, concentrations ins it after cleaning an or an , it may appropriate Sometimes the instance, be For less expenof a gas than to construction watertight vented expen problems. both on the top and bottom. The potentiometric surface in a well constructed in a confined ented well cap replace or deepen selection and well to mitigate such pen an existing to lower concentratio after careful site concentr ns technology to treatment options to well or to use a a new water treatment aquifer reflects the pressure exerted from being forced between two layers.emplace confin The upper confinwell. Such decisions m more cost-effective water ore expensive drilling well or to can recommend are site-specific to install an appropriate WWSP. technol technology and, thus, for the consumer or deepen an existing ing layer prevents the water from rising upward (confines the water) to the static water level hus, based on careful than to replace may be less expensive analysis by the hand, if a water For of a contaminant thethe purposes of the aquifer. When an aquifer is found between two impermeable layers, both aquiferof the best concentrations well. On the other suggested sted practices document remove or lower to emplace a new will probably understand groundwater off, economics drilling technology andonthe water are said to be confined. it is not essential chemistry or how or an aquifer lined for the WWSP use a more expensive and related publications stray gases form, to be replaced and, thus, based to , although there are site-specific existing well has that document are extensive studies Such decisions intake area in an these processes. knowing the geologic st However, ever, the WWSP water well be constructed. settings, as well OFTF will benefit from dictate that a new as the human-relat presence in water F MFWFMT PG JSPO PS NBOHB ed activities well systems. ctivities that may by the WWSP. contribute tto gas careful analysis BMUI FGGFDUT GSPN FYDFTTJW FST CBDLHSPVOE PO UIF IF r 4FDUJPO PGG r 4FDUJPO PGGFST CBDLHSPV regulatory responses. OE PO UIF IFBMUI BOE TBGF TF TFUUJOHT NBZ BGGFDU UIF and the related encountered by UZ JTTVFT SFMB HJD DPOEJUJPOT BOE MBOE V water well system SFMBUFE UFE UP TUSBZ H UP TUSBZ HBTFT BTFT DPNNP professionals. HVJEBODF BCPVU IPX HFPMP DPNNPOMZ . OMZ r 4FDUJPO JT in groundwater r 4FDUJPO JT HVJEBODF BCPVU IPX HFPMP HJFT SFMBUFE UP of iron or manganese concentrations HJD DPOEJUJPOT BOE MBOE V E DPOTUSVDUJPO NFUIPEPMP centrations of gases and maintenance in groundwater TF TFUUJOHT N TFUUJOHT NBZ SJQUJPO PG XFMM MPDBUJPO BO The best preparation MBOE VTF construction BZ BGGFDU UIF all . BGGFDU WJEFT B EFTD UIF Generally, DPODPO r 4FDUJPO QSP r 4FDUJPO QSP or manganese. is to understand WJEFT B EFTDSJQUJPO PG XF presence of iron s. Sometimes the The WWSP will minimizing the MM MPDBUJPO BOE DPOTUSVDUJP the buildup of and state requirement of DPOTUSVDUJPOO NFUIPEPMP geologic conditions gases. comply with local concentrations NFUIPEPMPHJ benefit from knowing practices must HJFT UP NJOJN FT UP NJOJNJ[F ts J[F in the area. If artesian r 4FDUJPO FY select constituen the geologic settings, BNJOFT XFMM GVODUJPO BOE BMT XJUI XFMM PQFSBUJPOT U PQUJPOT conditions are known r 4FDUJPO EF TUSBZ HBTFT will prove to be as well as the humanFUIPET BOE XBUFS USFBUNFO r 4FDUJPO EF BMT XJUI QPTU ESJMMJOH PQF to exist, contractors BMT XJUI XBUFS TBNQMJOH N unacceptably high related activities SBUJPOT r 4FDUJPO EF r 4FDUJPO EF that need to be prepared TDSJCFT HSPVOEXBUFS TBN even after careful may contribute QMJOH NFUIPE to for potential T BOE USFBUN flow, site selection and gas presence in FOU PQUJPOT PQUJPOT n, water an plan for off-site water Definitions well constructio in water that has well systems. substance or matter Contaminant: discharge, and follow or radiological after cleaning or biological, chemical, Any physical, Figure 1. A confined aquifer conditionwell. with an artesian flowing well. best practices. an existing ÂŽ Phone/ Toll-free adverse impact. 800 551.73 1 614 898.7791 Web/ www.ngwa.o 551.7379/ TVBMMZ JO BO Fax/ 614 898.7786 rg 89 PG UIF FBSUI T DSVTU V www.we Address/ 601 Dempseyand www.wellow Iron (Fe): ner.org FUBM JSPO NBLFT VQ BCPVU Road/ Westerville, Ohio 43081-897 " TJMWFSZ HSBZ MVTUSPVT N 1 1 43081-8978 U.S.A oxidized form.

â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;

NGWA Best Sug gest

As a North American manufacturer of high-quality products since 1873, Baker Water Systems, a division of Baker Manufacturing Co., announced its recent official certification from NSF International. This most coveted certification, specific to code 61 for potable drinking water, covers all industrial pitless units in sizes 6 inches through 36 inches. Baker Water Systems worked diligently these past few years to receive this achievement and is proud to be the first and only manufacturer of pitless units to offer the full NSF 61. The companyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Monitor products are manufactured at the corporate headquarters in Evansville, Wisconsin, which offers fully staffed onsite engineering, machine shop, and painting.

Henkel Corp. has introduced two groundbreaking threadlocker products that have achieved an MSDS health rating of 1. Loctite 2400NA and 2700NA threadlockers have been formulated to enhance occupational health and safety by eliminating allergic skin, CMR, and Prop 65 hazards. Designed for locking and sealing threaded fasteners, these

NGWA Best Suggested Practice

Baker Water Systems Announces NSF 61 Approved Industrial Pitless Units

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Loctite Threadlockers Achieve Top Safety Rating

ed Practice

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piping systems. The new mobile app version of this industrystandard tool now allows HVAC professionals to download it on an iPhone or iPad and enjoy the same functionality while working in the field.

gest NGWA Best Sug

The stranded stainless steel conductors provide extra strength and protection against corrosion, and the dog bone shape prevents clinging to the sides of wells. Meters are powered by an easyaccess 9V battery. They have an excellent brake, convenient carry handle, and on/off sensitivity switch. Each meter comes with a tape guide that protects the tape from rough edges on well casings, helps support the reel, and provides a consistent measurement point. The rugged design makes these meters ideal for field use.

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Water Well Journal April 2012 59/

FEATURED

PRODUCTS

products provide uncompromised chemical and thermal performance. The Loctite 2400NA blue threadlocker is a medium strength, general-purpose formulation used on fasteners from ¼ inch to ¾ inch in diameter. This removable strength product allows fasteners to be disassembled using standard hand tools. The Loctite 2700NA red threadlocker is a high strength, general-purpose formulation used on fasteners up to ¾ inch in diameter. This product is recommended for permanent assembly and requires localized heat and hand tools be used for removal. Circle card no. 57

New Vermeer Mini Skid Steer Offers Customization with Attachment Options

Vermeer Corp. has completed its family of mini skid steers with the addition of the S450TX. The newest member of the Vermeer mini skid steer family is well suited for rental customers, as well as landscapers and general contractors who need a compact machine that can perform various tasks. With its ability to accommodate a wide range of attachments, the S450TX is a versatile machine.

A 500-pound SAE-rated operating capacity with a 1430-pound tipping capacity gives the S450TX a lot of muscle for its size. Vermeer has incorporated a four-pump hydraulic system, which provides performance and efficiency when powering attachments. A single pilot-operated joystick is now integrated into the S450TX platform, which makes the machine easy to maneuver and operate in comparison to manual control systems. The operator can also experience a smooth range of operation without having to balance the engagement of two separate controls. Circle card no. 58

If you have a product that you would like considered, send a release to Mike Price, Water Well Journal, 601 Dempsey Rd., Westerville, OH 43081. E-mail: mprice@ngwa.org.

Make a difference

by helping those who help others . . . NGWREF’s Developing Nations Fund provides small assistance grants to benefit the quality of life for people in developing economies around the world without access to plentiful supplies of potable groundwater. Grants awarded in the past two years—and the location of their projects—include: s Hope 2 One Life—Uganda s Committee on Foreign Missions for the Orthodox Presbyterian Church—Uganda s Water for Life—Kosovo s ClearBlue Global Water Project—Haiti s Hands on the World Global—Haiti. To donate to the Developing Nations Fund to help those who help others, visit www.NGWA.org or call 800 551.7379 (614 898.7791). Operated by NGWA, NGWREF is a 501(c)(3) public foundation focused on conducting educational, research, and other charitable activities related to a broader public understanding of groundwater.

60/ April 2012 Water Well Journal

Circle card no. 30

waterwelljournal.com

Classified Advertising/Marketplace 15 Bits Bits, subs, stabilizers, hole openers, etc. Over 10,000 bits in stock.

R L C Bit Service Inc. 8643 Bennett Rd. P.O. Box 714 Benton, IL 62812 www.rlcbit.com Ph: (618) 435-5000 Cell: (618) 927-2676 Cell: (618) 927-5586 Fax: (618) 438-0026

Jason Corn E-mail: rlcbit373@frontier.com Rick Corn E-mail: rlcbit77@frontier.com

3 Appraisals

18 Breakout Tools

Equipment Appraisals

BREAKOUT TOOLS

Nationally recognized and accredited equipment appraisals for water well drill rigs and well drilling equipment for banks, lenders, mergers, accountants, estate planning, IRS, and auctions. Experienced, knowledgeable, and recognized worldwide in the water well drilling industry. Accurate and conﬁdential appraisal reports.

SEMCO Inc. All Hydraulic Hydrorench S110H In Stock 1-10 Four Rollers Breaks Pipe Make Pipe to Torque Specs 800-541-1562

MC/VISA accepted

FOR SALE: 30 to 40 roller bits (mostly new), 55⁄8 to 57⁄8 , air to bearing. Call (603) 942-5581.

57 Direct Push Supplies

Manufacturer of Pre-Pack Screens ♦ 4" ID Pre-Pack NOW AVAILABLE ♦ Standard Pre-Pack When You Would Set A Traditional Well ♦ Economy Pre-Pack When Cost Is A Factor

♦ 20% Open Area High Yield Pre-Pack For Use In Low Yield Wells For Aggressive Groundwater Environments

♦ Non-Metal Pre-Pack When Metal Components Are Not Compatible

♦ Annular Seals

Put your company’s message here!

19 Bucket Drill Rigs

Classified advertising is a great way to reach the water well industry.

E Q U I P M E N T WA N T E D

Call Shelby to make arrangements at 1-800-551-7379 ext 523.

Twitter @WaterWellJournl

Call 800-421-2487 Satisfaction Guaranteed www.palmerbit.com

♦ All Stainless Steel Pre-Pack

SALVADORE AUCTIONS & APPRAISALS 401.792.4300 www.siaai.com

Gus Pech bucket/boring rigs, any condition. Support equipment, buckets, etc. Other brand considered. (816) 517-4532 / Jared Sisk

Palmer Bit Company has been recognized worldwide for providing the highest quality bits to the drilling industry for over 50 years. We manufacture bits for drilling everything from clays to limestone. With our experience we can help lower your bit cost, with the proper bit selection for your drilling conditions. We are available 24/7 to assist you with any questions you may have.

Foam Bridges, Bentonite & Quick-Sleeves

♦ CUSTOM Pre-Packs and

Bentonite Packs *** A Johnson Screens Distributor*** **We Stock Geoprobe® Compatible Supplies & Tooling** *Proactive® Pumps Master Distributor*

Toll Free 1-888-240-4328 Phone: 1-609-631-8939

♦

Fax: 1-609-631-0993

ectmfg.com ♦ proactivepumps.com ♦ torquerplug.com

Water Well Journal April 2012 61/

71 Drilling Equipment

60 Down Hole Inspection Waterwell Camera Inspection Systems • Portable, Truck or Trailer mounted. • Retrofit compatible with Laval and most geophysical logging winches. • Full repair service and spare parts for CCV, Boretech, Wellcam and Laval cameras and controllers. • Forward and 360 degree side wall viewing color cameras. • Depths to 5,000 feet.

CCV Engineering & Manufacturing An Aries Industries Company

800-671-0383 • 559-291-0383 Fax: 559-291-0463 E-mail: jim.lozano@ariesccv.com On the web at www.ariesccv.com

FOR SALE: 1975 Cyclone 36R combina tion drilling machine. Sputter and rotary combination, partially rebuilt. All parts included, some new, some used. $8000. Call Bill Bowen (740) 622-2770.

+LJJLQV 5LJ &R To Increase Your Profits! Call For Complete List Of New & Used Drills & Parts

FREE Call - (800) 292-7447 (270) 325-3300 Fax: (270) 325-3405 Office: 2594 Stiles Ford Rd. Hodgenville, KY Shop: 1797 Bardstown Rd. Hodgenville, KY 817-927-8486 www.watsonusa.com Sales@watsonusa.com MD 510 Geothermal Drill

76 Elevators J & K To o l C o m p a n y I n c .

Kwik Klamps 1 & 2 (adjustable 1 –2 or 21⁄2 – 4 ) NEW – Kwik Klamp 3 (for 6 PVC) Elevators for PVC well casing (sizes 1 –16 ) Heavy Duty PVC Elevators (sizes 4 –8 ) Flush Joint PVC Pipe Clamps (sizes 4 –24 ) www.jktool.com sales@jktool.com Tel 320-563-4967 Fax 320-563-8051

1 – 16 Elevators All steel with safety latch.

Standard Manufacturing

Largest water well pipe elevator manufacturing company in the United States.

Phone:

SEMCO of Lamar 800-541-1562 Fax 719-336-2402

Credit Cards Accepted

(936) 336-6200 (800) 337-0163 Fax: (936) 336-6212 E-Mail: StandardManufacturing @yahoo.com Web site: www.standardmfg.com

Dealers Wanted

SkyRex Water Well Elevators 2 thru 36 Also lightweight PVC elevators Now Available!

“Complete Reverse Circulation Drill Strings”

Rex McFadden 7931 19th Lubbock, TX 70407

Ph (806) 791-3731 Fax (806) 791-3755 www.rexmcfadden.com

62/ April 2012 Water Well Journal

waterwelljournal.com

80 Employment

101 Grouters

HELP WANTED: Experienced driller and crew. Florida. Mud and reverse-air. Large diameter municipal wells. CDL required, Class A preferred. E-mails to SED@ southeastdrilling.net or call (855) 374-5540.

0$.( <285 *(27+(50$/ *5287,1* $ 21( 0$1 23(5$7,21 ,WÂśV D VQDS ZLWK WKH (= /RDG 7UDLOHU 3DFNDJH FXVWRP EXLOW E\ *HR /RRS ,QF 6DYLQJ WRQV RI ODERU KDQGOH RYHU ÂśV RI VDQG RU JDOORQV RI WKHUPDO JURXW SHU GD\ 3RZHUHG E\ WKH IDVWHVW JURXW SXPS DYDLODEOH LQ WKH LQGXVWU\ \RXÂśOO EH DPD]HG

75 Electric Motors EQUIPMENT WANTED:â&#x20AC;&#x201A;Electric motors wanted. Vertical hollow shaft pump motors. 20 to 500 hp good or bad, will pick up. PH:â&#x20AC;&#x2C6;(800) 541-1562.

Â&#x2021; 0RGHO Â&#x2021; +\GUDXOLF 'ULYHQ *URXW +RVH 5HHO Â&#x2021; :DWHU 7DQN 3DOOHW 7DEOH &RPER Â&#x2021; (= /RDG 6DQG /RDGHU Â&#x2021; +HDY\ 'XW\ 7UDLOHU &KHFN RXW RXU IXOO OLQH RI JURXW SXPSV DQG DFFHVVRULHV DW

ZZZ JHR ORRS FRP Â&#x2021; MHII#JHR ORRS FRP Â&#x2021;

82 Engines BUCKEYE DRILL COMPANY â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Cat ÂŽ ENGINES â&#x20AC;&#x201D;

* Cat 51HP ENGINES TO ÂŽ

RE-POWER BUCYRUS-ERIE 20W WELL DRILLS ÂŽ * Cat 61HP TURBO ENGINES TO RE-POWER BUCYRUS-ERIE 22W WELL DRILLS * COMPLETE WITH ENCLOSURE, TWIN-DISC PTO + 2 YEAR FACTORY WARRANTY

PH. 800-767-3745 www.buckeyedrill.com

Didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t find what you were looking for? Try NGWAâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Career Center at www.careers.ngwa.org for more opportunities. Whether you are looking for the right job or the right employee, the NGWA Career Center can provide you with an industry-specific listing to hone your search. Questions? Call Rachel at 800 551.7379, ext 504, or e-mail at rjones@ngwa.org.

2009 Armstrong Grouter. Built by Rose-Wall Manufacturing Inc. Double hopper, 63 gallon stainless tanks, 26HP, Kubota diesel. Asking $16,950. For more information call Frank (574) 699-6773 or (765) 438-8500.

90 Equipment New Low Prices

Low yield well? Get more water without overpumping.

Add a color to your display classified ad for only $49.

www.wellmanager.com

Please call Shelby to make arrangements 1-800-551-7379 ext. 523

â&#x153;&#x201D; Use on wells yielding as little as 0.10 gpm. â&#x153;&#x201D; Turn-key collection and delivery system. â&#x153;&#x201D; Fits through 24â&#x20AC;? doors. â&#x153;&#x201D; Good money from bad wells. For more information, log-on or call 800-211-8070. ÂŠ Reid Plumbing Products, LLC

Twitter @WaterWellJournl

Water Well Journal April 2012 63/

105 Injection Pumps

106 Installation Accessories

Heat Shrink from B&B Wholesale

/ 8 7 , / 0 1 . 0 1 ,, 2 #"" 1 " 3 4

, 5 1 6 . , /% 1% / . 7

, 1 ,. . 7 * , 9, * 8 , : * , , * , !!"#$ %&'!!"( #) #! * +&'!!"( #) !$)# *, -* ,.

112 Miscellaneous

"We are the heat shrink people" - Heat shrink kits for #14 to 4/0 wire - Volume pricing - Custom kits made to order - Private labeling available - Quick shipping - Four types of heat shrink tubing in stock - Large selection of installation accessories including pressure gauges, tapes, valves and tank ďŹ ttings packages

Light Towers

Supplying "Made in USA" heat shrink tubing to pump and well installers since 1994. 800-593-9403

115 Mud Pumps

116 Mud Systems

Hydraulic drive mud pumps â&#x20AC;&#x201D;small and lightweightâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;

DESANDER

71/2 10 duplex pump â&#x20AC;˘ Fits in the place of a 5 6 â&#x20AC;˘ Pumps 300 GPM at up to 800 PSI â&#x20AC;˘ Weighs 1000 lbs. less than a 5 6 â&#x20AC;˘ Single and three cylinder models also available U.S Pat. #6,769,884 and others pending

Centerline Manufacturing 903-725-6978 www.centerlinemanufacturing.com

64/ April 2012 Water Well Journal

Mini-Desander

Get Safety Resources online

MUD MIXER

You can never be too safe so take advantage of safety resources online. Go to the Web site of the National Ground Water Association and check out the resources it has available at www.NGWA.org/ Professional-Resources/safety/ pages.

CM Consulting & Equipment Jerry Mason Specialist in your drilling and grouting problems. 1640 Oppenheimer Rd., Bedford, PA 15522

(814) 623-1675

(814) 623-7285 FAX

Also while you are at the Web site, make sure to check out NGWA Pressâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; newest safety item, Safety Meetings for the Groundwater Industry, a set of 52 sheets that provide information so companies can hold weekly safety meetings on topics specific to their industry. waterwelljournal.com

125 Pump Hoists 2012 Models

New Equipment in Stock

S4,000 Pump Hoist, 8,000# cap., 35 telescoping mast, 30 gal. oil tank, hydro pump, 5T safety hook, hydro controls and variable speed engine control . . . . . . . . . . . . $14,245

S6,000 SEMCO, 35 , PTO, RC, PR, 2 spd., aux., 11 bed, toolboxes, 2011 Dodge 5500, 6.7L diesel, 6 spd., automatic, 4 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $77,598

S8,000 Pump Hoist, 22,000# 3L cap., 36 telescoping mast, 30 gal. oil tank, hydro pump, 7T safety hook, hydro controls and variable speed engine control . . . . . $20,845

S8,000 SEMCO, 40 , PTO, aux., 2 spd., RC, light kit, PR, PT hookup, 12 bed, toolboxes, bumper w/rec. hitch, 2012 Dodge 5500, 6.7L diesel, 6 spd., 4 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . $83,267

S6,000 Pump Hoist, 16,000# 3L cap., 35 telescoping mast, 30 gal. oil tank, hydro pump, 5T safety hook, hydro controls and variable speed engine control . . . . . $16,445

S10,000 Pump Hoist, 30,000# 3L cap., 40 telescoping mast, 30 gal. oil tank, hydro pump, 9T safety hook, hydro controls and variable speed engine control . . . . . $28,545 S12,000 Pump Hoist, 48,000# 4L cap., 44 telescoping mast, 6000# tail out line, 72 gal. oil tank, hydro pump, 11T safety hook, hydro controls and variable speed engine control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $32,945 S15,000 Pump Hoist, 60,000# 4L cap, 48 telescoping mast, 6000# tail out line, 72 gal. oil tank, hydro pump, 13T safety hook, hydro controls and variable speed engine control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $40,645 S20,000 Pump Hoist, 80,000# 4L cap, 40 telescoping mast, 6000# tail out line, 72 gal. oil tank, hydro pump, 13T safety hook, hydro controls and variable speed engine control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$53,845 S25,000 Pump Hoist, 100,000# 4L cap, 40 telescoping mast, 6000# tail out line, 100 gal. oil tank, hydro pump, 15T safety hook, hydro control and variable speed engine control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$61,545

S30,000 Pump Hoist, 120,000# 4L cap, 40 telescoping mast, 6000# tail out line, 100 gal. oil tank, hydro pump, 15T safety hook, hydro control and variable speed engine control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$76,945

129 Pumps

S6,000 SEMCO, 44 , PTO, 2 spd., 16,000# cap., RC, PR, aux., light kit, service body, mini bed, 2012 Dodge 5500, 6.7L D, stand. transmission, 4 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . $81,580

Used Equipment in Stock

M33 Jessen/Monitor, 1-PR, SB, 1995 Ford F-350, gas, 5 spd., 4 2 . . . . . . . . . $17,900

M34 Jessen/Monitor, RC, PR, SB w/1992 GMC Top Kick, 3116 Cat, 5 spd. . . $19,500

132 Rig Equipment

5T Smeal, PR, bed, toolboxes, 2004 Ford F650, Cummins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$34,950

Walker-Neer 20T rated, double cathead, sandreel, 3rd leg, 1976 Chevy . . . . $19,500

S15,000 SEMCO, 48 , AS PTO, sandreel, BO cylinder, aux., 2 spd., oil cooler, light kit, PT hookup, 2006 Int. 4300 . . . . . . .$87,312

S15,000H SEMCO, 48 , AS PTO, 2000 SR, 2 spd., PR, BC outriggers, oil cooler, 2-aux., power arm, PT hookup, light kit, 18 bed, toolbox, 2006 Frt., 6.4L, 6 spd. . . . $91,897

SEMCO Inc.

P.O. Box 1216 7595 U.S. Highway 50 Lamar, CO 81052 (719) 336-9006 / (800) 541-1562 Fax (719) 336-2402 semcopumphoist@yahoo.com www.SEMCOoflamar.com See our ad on page 37.

# $ ) **& +

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* . * 0 1 2 0 &3! 0 0 - . 1 , !0 + . 4 " & 0 ,3 3 0 . 0 ! 04 05 1 -.

137 Services REPAIRS: Eastman deviation survey clocks (mechanical drift indicators) repaired. We also have three, six, and twelve degree angle units, charts, and other accessories in stock. Call Downhole Clock Repair, (325) 660-2184.

Twitter @WaterWellJournl

: :

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04 . 07 6 5 ( 0 . 0 ; !0 24 , < 0 , Water Well Journal April 2012 65/

135 Rigs FOR SALE: 2000 T25 DRILTECH, serial no. 732476, CAT C15, 526 HP, 1000 CFM air, 10,000 hours. 420 4Â˝ drill rod, 3Â˝ regular. Mounted on Sterling 9501, powered by CAT C12 400 HP, Miller Bobcat 225 AMP welder, Meyers Fracturing Pump. $195,000. Call (603) 942-5581.

BUCKEYE DRILL COMPANY Successor to Bucyrus Erie Well Drill Division

Cable Tools Well Drills Parts + Service New * Remanufactured * Used

PH. 800-767-3745 www.buckeyedrill.com

'5,//7(&+ 7 . RQ )25' / PLOHV 8VHG 'ULOO 5RG +RXUV $95,000. KWWS ZZZ DTXDVFLHQFH QHW ULJ $TXD6FLHQFH

MHUU\#DTXDVFLHQFH QHW

Drill Faster, Cheaper, Smarter. www.sonic-drill.com

1988 Speedstar model 30-KD. Caterpillar 3408 diesel engine. Sullair model 900 screw compressor, 900 CFM @350 PSI. Complete tophead rotary assembly, 1988 Navistar F-2674 Cummins L-10 diesel engine.

2001 International 9200/TC built by Rose-Wall Mfg. Inc. 2000 gallon water tank, LiftMoore model 2530X-30 crane, rod slide and bit box, Ramsey 20,000 lb. winch, hydraulic system for crane, Bowie 2300 water pump, 100 gallon auxiliary fuel tank.

Call (505) 250-9477 for more information.

SONIC DRILL CORPORATION Suite 190, 119 N. Commercial St, Bellingham, WA 98225 1.604.792.2000 (ext 104) or 1.604.306.3135

Enid Drill Systems Inc www.eniddrill.com 580-234-5971 Fax 580-234-5980

4510 E Market, Enid, OK 73701 USA

139 Slotting Machines

New rigsâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;custom designs

Quality rig repair service

New and used equipment needs

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Transfer of Technologyâ&#x20AC;? - the must have book for all drillers!

160 Trucks

J & K To o l C o m p a n y

PVC Screen Slotting Machines

PVC Threading Machines

Perforating Machines Affordable, easy to operate automated machines with touch screen programming.

Did you know? Water Well Journal classified advertisements appear online (at no additional cost) each month at www.waterwelljournal.com/ category/ineveryissue/classifieds

www.jktool.com sales@jktool.com Tel 320-563-4967 Fax 320-563-8051

66/ April 2012 Water Well Journal

Failing Jed-A. Detroit 3-53 engine on the draw works and rotary table. 5.9L Cummins engine on the mud pump. 380 of 8 flanged drill pipe. 260 of 5 flanged drill pipe. 24 , 30 , and 36 drag and roller bits. Also rock trap, stabilizers, heavy drill collar, and kelley hose. Asking $150,000 for rig, spare parts, extra tooling. Call (765) 459-4125. Ask Mark for more information if interested.

Check it out!

30-Freightliner Trucks 6 6, 60 Series Detroit, HT740, Allison Trans., Rockwell Axle, 68KGVW, 315/80 R22.5 Michelin, Low Miles SEMCO, Inc. Phone (800) 541-1562 waterwelljournal.com

176 Water Level Measurement

Ground Water Monitoring Instrumentation Geokon, Inc. manufactures high quality hydrological instrumentation suitable for a variety of ground water monitoring applications. Geokon instruments utilize vibrating wire technology providing measurable advantages and proven long-term stability. The World Leader in Vibrating Wire Technology Geokon, Incorporated 48 Spencer Street Lebanon, New Hampshire 03766 | USA

1 • 603 • 448 • 1562 1 • 603 • 448 • 3216 info@geokon.com www.geokon.com

Waterline Envirotech Water level indicators made in the USA for over 30 years.

Phone: 760-384-1085

Fax: 760-384-0044

360-676-9635 www.waterlineusa.com

www.wellprobe.com

180 Water Trucks

Sonic Water Level Meters Since 1978 Time Tested & Customer Approved

Specializing in quality custom built epoxy coated Flattanks any gallon or tank length sizes with or without material handling IMT cranes. All tanks are sandblasted and painted with polyurethane paint. Many options available.

303-443-9609

Put your company’s message here! Classified advertising is a great way to reach the water well industry. Engineered for convenience and durability, allows the user to operate at any type of drilling operation. Our drill site rig tenders are built with simplicity and functionality. Call us for our used truck – new tank inventory list.

NORTHWEST FLATTANKS Steve Wipf (406) 466-2146 E-mail: steve@northwestflattanks.com

Twitter @WaterWellJournl

Call Shelby to make arrangements at 1-800-551-7379 ext 523.

Check out our new Web site

Cell (406) 544-5914 www.northwestflattanks.com

Water Well Journal April 2012 67/

178 Water Treatment

185 Well Rehab

AER-MAXsystems

get rid of

Iron bacteria!

for sulfur and iron problems

One time treatment! Works every time! EASY AS 1,2,3! ■ ■ ■ ■

When others fail, we don"t! Real technical services.

Naturally Clean Water

Maximizes Air Injection No Caustic Chemicals

Call for a FREE Catalog

Who else?

get rid of

Air Pump Water Solutions, Inc.

10983-E Guilford Road • Annapolis Junction, MD 20701

Coliform too!

e-mail: sales@air-pump.com

The new chlorine

JOURNAL

1-877-4-AER-MAX 1-877-423-7629

A PUBLICATION OF THE NATIONAL GROUND WATER ASSOCIATION

Classified Advertising Rates

Line Classified Ads

(21⁄4 column—approx. 39 letters and spaces per line): $8 per line, $32 minimum (4 lines)

There is no discount for multiple runs.

No new equipment advertising accepted in line advertisements.

Display Classified Ads

Single column 21⁄4 inches wide OR Double column 411⁄16 inches wide (per column inch – min. depth 2 column inches): 1 month: $60 per inch 3 months: $58 per inch 6 months: $55 per inch 12 months: $49 per inch

To place a classified advertisement in Water Well Journal, please send ad text to Shelby Fleck by e-mail at sfleck@ngwa.org or fax to 614 898.7786. Upon receipt, you will be contacted and provided a quote. Thank you!

Add a color to your display classified ad for only $49. Please call Shelby to make arrangements 1-800-551-7379 ext. 523 68/ April 2012 Water Well Journal

• 200 times more effective than regular chlorine for coliform. • no pre-blending to control pH • competitive price to regular chlorine • NSF approved • free technical service, if 3 failures • distributor map is on the web site

Now for De-chlorinating Sterilene

Chlor

“Oust” ppm Who else?

Toll free 888-437-6426 Email info@designwater.com web site: designwater.com

waterwelljournal.com

184 Well Packers

186 Well Screens

Serving Your Complete Packer Needs i INFLATABLE PACKERS - Pressure Grout, Wireline, Water Well,

ENVIRONMENTAL SERIES

Environmental, Bridge Plugs. Custom Sizes and Fabrication available i MECHANICAL PACKERS - Freeze Plugs, Custom Applications 3/4-inch 1-inch 1.25-inch 1.5-inch 2-inch

Call or email us with all your Packer questions!! Toll-Free: 1-888-572-2537 Email: info@QSPPackers.com Fax #: 253-770-0327 Web: www.QSPPackers.com Prompt Shipping in the US & Internationallyâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;Usually in just One Day!!

â&#x20AC;˘ CUSTOM BUILT PACKERS

FOR ANY APPLICATION

PRODUCTS

â&#x20AC;˘ COMPETITIVE PRICES

INFLATABLE WELL PACKERS 1-800-452-4902 â&#x20AC;˘ www.lansas.com

Advantages of Surge Block Method Most effective way to develop any well Produces more water, less color and turbidity Only the surge block method â&#x20AC;&#x153;back washesâ&#x20AC;? the well screen, removing clay bridge, sands and silts Flexible wiper creates suction and pulls water into the screen (not available with other methods) Constructed of inert long-lasting materials Capable of lifting water over 50 feet Removable ball valve prevents water from flowing back into well and will not clog with sediments Fast, effective and saves time and money

PRODUCTION SERIES

4â&#x20AC;?,5â&#x20AC;?

6â&#x20AC;?â&#x20AC;?

Manufactured by Vanderlans & Sons 1320 S. Sacramento St. â&#x20AC;˘ Lodi, CA 95240 â&#x20AC;˘ 209-334-4115 â&#x20AC;˘ Fax 209-339-8260 For more information visit: www.welldeveloper.com 850.727.4427

Applications Include: +\GURORJLFDO 7HVWLQJ Â&#x2021; ,QMHFWLRQ :LWKGUDZDO Â&#x2021; 6WDQGDUG &XVWRP 6L]HV 0DWHULDOV :DWHU 0LQLQJ (QYLURQPHQWDO Â&#x2021; *URXWLQJ 6DPSOLQJ *HRWHFKQLFDO +\GURIUDFWXULQJ Â&#x2021; 5HFLUFXODWLRQ :HOOV Â&#x2021; 6WHDP ,QMHFWLRQ Â&#x2021; 5HOLQH &DVLQJ To discuss your questions and applications, call

Same Day Shipping

1-866-314-9139

Â&#x2021; )D[ ZZZ WDPLQWO K\GURORJLFDO

Same Day Shipping

Well screen manufacturer: stainless steel, galvanized and carbon steel. Sizes: 0.75" to 24.0" OD. Rod base, pre-pack and pipe base screens. Environmental flush joint monitor pipe, T&C stainless drop pipe, drive points, etc. Contact: Jan or Steve 18102 E. Hardy Rd., Houston, TX 77073 Ph: (281) 233-0214; Fax: (281) 233-0487 Toll free: (800) 577-5068 www.alloyscreenworks.com

Did you know? Water Well Journal classified advertisements appear online (at no additional cost) each month at www.waterwelljournal.com/category/ineveryissue/classifieds

Check it out!

Twitter @WaterWellJournl

Water Well Journal April 2012 69/

184 Well Packers

195 Wire Rope BUCKEYE DRILL COMPANY BETHLEHEM WIRE ROPE FOR ALL YOUR DRILLING NEEDS MADE IN THE USA

PH. 800-767-3745 www.buckeyedrill.com

186 Well Screens

JOURNAL

Ph. 303 789-1200 or 800 552-2754 Fx. 303 789-0900

A PUBLICATION OF THE NATIONAL GROUND WATER ASSOCIATION

Coming Soon Don’t miss the May issue of Water Well Journal as it will focus on pump technology and contain WWJ ’s annual pump buyers guide. Contact information of pump manufacturers and details on the types of pumps provided by the manufacturers will be provided in a buyers guide that you will want to keep all year. The issue will also contain feature articles on troubleshooting variable speed controls and dealing with friction loss as well as interviews with industry leaders, columns authored by experts, and a host of departments to help you become a better professional. Make sure you look for the May WWJ !

70/ April 2012 Water Well Journal

waterwelljournal.com

Card No./ Page

A.O. Smith Water Systems 1 28 (800) 365-4300 www.permatank.com A.Y. McDonald Mfg. 2 2 (800) 292-2737 www.aymcdonald.com Airburst Technologies 3 20 (262) 679-3903 www.airburst.net Baker Mfg., Water Systems Division 4 10 (800) 523-0224 www.bakermfg.com Baroid 5 IBC (877) 379-7412 www.baroididp.com CCV Engineering & Mfg. 6 48 (800) 671-0383 www.ariesccv.com C.R.I. Pumps 43 15 www.cripumps.com Carmeuse Industrial Sands 7 38 (800) 947-7263 www.carmeusena.com Central Mine Equipment 8 47 (800) 325-8827 www.cmeco.com Cotey Chemical 9 27 (806) 747-2096 www.coteychemical.com Eno Scientific 10 18 (910) 778- 2660 www.enoscientific.com

Flomatic 11 14 (800) 833-2040 www.flomatic.com GEFCO/King Oil Tools 12 48 (800) 759-7441 www.gefco.com Geoprobe ÂŽ Systems 13 7 (800) 436-7762 www.geoprobe.com Geothermal Supply 14 9 (270) 786-3010 www.geothermalsupply.com Grundfos Pumps 15 IFC (913) 227-3400 www.us.grundfos.com In-Well Technologies 16 58 (920) 829-5690 www.in-welltech.com Johnson Screens 17 5 (651) 636-3900 www.johnsonscreen.com kwik-ZIP 18 55 (866) 629-7020 www.kwikzip.com Laibe/Versa-Drill 19 24 (317) 231-2250 www.laibecorp.com Little Beaver 20 16 (800) 227-7515 www.littlebeaver.com Lorentz Solar Water Pumps 21 OBC (888) 535-4788 (866) 593-0777 www.lorentz.de

INDEX OF

ADVERTISERS

Card No./ Page

MARL Technologies 22 (800) 404-4463 www.marltechnologies.com Mount Sopris Instruments 23 (303) 279-3211 www.mountsopris.com Mud Technology International 24 (903) 675-3240 www.mud-tech.com NGWA/Best Suggested Practices 25 (800) 551-7379 www.ngwa.org NGWA/Bookstore 26 (800) 551-7379 www.ngwa.org NGWA/Groundwater Expo 27 (800) 551-7379 www.ngwa.org NGWA/Ground Water Summit 28 (800) 551-7379 www.ngwa.org NGWA/Membership 29 (800) 551-7379 www.ngwa.org NGWA/NGWREF 30 (800) 551-7379 www.ngwa.org NGWA/Profit Mastery 31 (800) 551-7379 www.ngwa.org

53 56

59 38

9 51 60 8

NGWA/Water Well Journal Web Site 32 41 (800) 551-7379 www.waterwelljournal.com NGWA/WellGuard 33 17, (800) 551-7379 71 www.ngwa.org North Houston Machine 34 45 (800) 364-6973 nhmi2@earthlink.net SEMCO 35 37 (719) 336-9006 www.semcooflamar.com Solinst 36 13 (800) 661-2023 www.solinst.com Southwire 37 39 (770) 832-4590 www.southwire.com Star Iron Works 38 49 (814) 427-2555 www.starironworks.com Tibban Mfg. 39 1 (760) 954-5655 www.tibban.com Water Well Redevelopers 40 12 (714) 632-7003 (714) 632-7306 (fax) Woodford Mfg. 41 11 (719) 574-1101 www.woodfordmfg.com Wyo-Ben 42 57 (800) 548-7055 www.wyoben.com

Keep your business well protected with WellGuard. The WellGuardÂŽ Insurance Program offers comprehensive coverage, competitive rates, and customized coverage specifically designed to meet the needs of: s #ONTRACTORS SUPPLIERS AND MANUFACTURERS THAT DRILL WELLS FOR WATER ONLY s #ORE DRILLING AND TEST BORING CONTRACTORSÂ&#x2C6;%0! ,EVELS # AND $ s -ANUFACTURERS AND SUPPLIERS OF PRODUCTS FOR THE WELL DRILLING INDUSTRY s %NGINEERS WHO SUPPORT WELL DRILLING OPERATIONS s 0LUMBING CONTRACTORS SUPPORTING WELL DRILLERS s 'EOTHERMAL CONTRACTORS 0OLICIES OFFERED INCLUDE PROPERTY GENERAL LIABILITY AUTOMOBILE WORKERS COMPENSATION AND UMBRELLA AS WELL AS SPECIALIZED COVERAGES TO ADDRESS THE UNIQUE NEEDS OF THE WATER WELL DRILLING INDUSTRY SUCH AS s $OWN THE HOLE COVERAGE s ,IMITED CONTRACTORS POLLUTION COVERAGE

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Circle card no. 33

Water Well Journal April 2012 71/

CLOSING

TIME

“Closing Time” is the page of Water Well Journal that showcases—you! It will always feature a few pictures of people at work at job sites around the world. Please send in photos and brief descriptions and you just

may be the subject on the last page of an issue of WWJ. And remember, if your photo is selected as the cover image of WWJ, you receive $250. If your photos are selected, you will be

asked to fill out a photo disclaimer form that grants the National Ground Water Association the royalty-free right to display the photos. Please send high-resolution digital photos to tplumley@ngwa.org.

An irrigation well is installed in southwestern Ontario, Canada, by a crew from W.D. Hopper & Sons Ltd. The 8inch-diameter well is 335 feet deep, has a static water level of 228 feet, and produces 400 gallons per minute.

All wells located in this region are completed in a karst limestone formation with dry rock above the static water level, making drilling quite challenging at times.

The wells in this area breathe in and out dependent on barometric pressure due to the dry formations above the static level. These formations are sometimes large caves. The air coming out when the pressure is low can move enough in the winter to freeze pipes down the hole.

The pump on this project is set on a 4-inch riser and is being used to irrigate a potato crop. All photos submitted by Paul Hopper of W.D. Hopper & Sons Ltd.

72/ April 2012 Water Well Journal

waterwelljournal.com

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