W
Volume 2, Issue 11, April 2004
To r Sea each far ou er r s
avelength centrofin@centrofin.gr
Protecting Masters
CENTRO-NEWS
A
British shipping company (as per a Lloyd's List comment) once suggested that shipmasters should be described as “managers”, a more modern and less anachronistic term. here was a good deal of negative comment about this suggestion, not least because of the unique legal position of a shipmaster; very different to that surrounding somebody who runs a factory or a shore-side installation of any kind. The Nautical Institute is to have taken a good look at the powers, responsibilities, status and legislative background of the modern shipmaster. This is long overdue because of the way in which the master's authority is being constantly eroded and his responsibilities enhanced. ncreasingly illiberal governments constantly multiply the numbers of criminal offences for which masters can be arraigned and increase the penalties for them. In port every official and jack in office thinks he has a God-given right to an instant interview with the master. Every spotty youth in a character's office thinks he has the powers of instant dismissal over the master. One wonders, sometimes, why anyone would want such employment.
T
I
In this issue pg2
Editorial Comment
T
his is a hard and a high-risk job. There are many background elements that increase the vulnerability of shipmasters; conventions standards that aren't been enforced; inadequate manning laws; unreliable certification; questionable qualification of seafarers; commercial pressures; conflicting interests; the various codes - which should help reinforce the master's position but with distinctly mixed messages about their effectiveness and lately the ISPS. asters are vulnerable under pollution legislation, and coastal states think nothing of even holding in prison a survivor of a shipwreck; who in an earlier age would have surely be treated with rather more respect. In short there is a whole lot that is wrong with the position of the modern shipmaster and his relationship with the society. Criminalisation of seafarers will harm this industry. he position of the shipmaster needs to be clarified and also be valued higher; common sense and fairness suggests that. After all would a factory owner hire a total stranger to take charge of a piece of plant worth millions, with potential liabilities of tens of millions?
M
T
Good Regulations Save Lifes pg3-5
The Story of Language pg6
Modern-day pirates take charge of the high seas pg8
The Olympic Anthem
Note. We care for you and are always here to make your life easier. Ed.
CENTROFIN's football team We are pleased to announce that our football (5x5) team has won the third place at the 2003 All-Shipping/Managing-CompaniesChampionships, Super League category, of the greater Athens-Piraeus-Glyfada area. Mind you the team qualified as champions, with flying 'centrofin' colours and a lot of joie-de-vie, at the apresmatch party, and what's more, they even returned later to the….. office, in jerseys and shorts, for more… work. Well done lads!
INSPECTION ALERT MARPOL Annex I The following article was posted in a recent maritime industry periodical. For your information. A US Federal Court in Oregon USA has handed down a $2M fine to the owner of a 46,640 dwt bulk-carrier “Name” for dumping oily waste and falsifying discharge logs the largest fine for ocean pollution by the state. In addition the Japanese owner will be forced to undergo a courtsupervised compliance plan, while the ship's Indian Chief Engineer will serve a month in prison. A US Attorney said the vessel's prosecution was just the latest in the series of “increasingly aggressive” efforts to police compliance with MARPOL regulations. The judge who handed down the ruling was quoted as saying the verdict “intends to send a message” to chief engineers: if they violate environmental laws, they will end up in US jail cells.
TO THE MASTER: Please circulate this Bulletin to the CREW.
Port State Control SOLAS Chapter XI-2,and the ISPS Code
Dear Master,
Good Regulations Save Lifes The ILAMA (International Lifesaving Appliance Manufacturers Association) wants to make sure that its equipment saves lives. Its chairman's priority is to cut down the number of accidents which occur because critical parts, as the life boat hooks, are either not serviced or are serviced by untrained a/o unqualified people. That should be easy, as all its members make good life saving appliances; however the members wonder of how can they influence the way their equipment is maintained and used once it is in service? IMO, with help from ILAMA, has made significant progress in that respect; amendments to SOLAS will come before the next IMO MSC in May 2004 for adoption. The new rules call for regular tests and inspections of lifeboats, hooks and davits, and specify what these tests should be and who should do them. While weekly and monthly work can be carried out by the on board personnel, the annual and five-yearly tests and service have to be done by personnel authorized by the manufacturer. This puts a lot more responsibility on the manufacturer to train and maintain a global network of technicians/engineers and to ensure that there is proper capability to meet the needs of the operators. The ILAMA members have welcomed this responsibility. So do we! ILAMA will be fully engaged with IMO and member states to ensure that these measures are both adopted and then implemented as swiftly and as effectively as possible. This news we hope will please the new ISRC/Cardiff Director Dr H. Sampson.
FREAK WAVES
(ROGUE)
This letter is to bring to your attention the new rules on ship security effective July 1st, 2004. From that date all ships subject to SOLAS Ch XI-2 are required to carry on board a valid International Ship Security Certificate (ISSC), as the PSC officers will check this and related items. The list below shows the deficiencies that would be recorded: 1.- No valid ISSC 2.- Lack of control of access to the vessel 3.-Lack of control of access to sensitive areas of the ship
4.- The ship is operating at the same, or a higher, security level as the port facility 5.- Records are held of the last ten ship to port, or ship to ship interfaces 6.- Security drills and exercises have been carried out at required intervals, taking account of crew changes 7.- The Master and ship's personnel appear to be and are familiar with essential ship security procedures 8.- Key members of the ship's personnel are able to communicate effectively
STUDY SHOWS FULL APOLOGIES Saying you are sorry. Now there's a subject guaranteed to raise eyebrows of more than one lawyer or correspondent who too often equate showing remorse and admitting guilt. But no matter where you operate Europe, the Americas, or the Pacific Rim, the reality of today's business, legal and environmental atmosphere is that aggrieved parties are quicker to forgive those whom seem to do them if offered a full and heart-felt apology. Clearly, a distinction must be made in many cases between saying you are sorry and admitting that you have done something wrong. Our belief is that it is indeed possible to do one while avoiding the other. No matter the type of accident or persons involved, people who are harmed or consider themselves at risk want an apology and a sense that their opinions and feelings matter. Moreover, they want a demonstration of humanity and compassion and often won't be satisfied if such an action does not come in a timely and meaningful manner. In fact certain surveys (as per the Beuerman Miller Group) found that apologies can often avert the filings of lawsuits and facilitate an out-of-court settlement where otherwise a case may be destined for court. According to studies conducted among persons aged 21-70, three key factors affected how well an apology works, including:
The nature of apology - The severity of the injury or damage - The evidence of responsibility Here is some advice and a few words of caution: 8 First, saying you are sorry, is no substitute for not having an accident in the first place. It doesn't erase what happened or remove the incident from the memories of the media, the lawyers, regulators or public. That is why companies at risk should always make safe operations their first priority and practice their crisis response plans as often as needed to ensure a prompt and professional response.
Obsessed with this phenomenon and its major threat to ships, already dealt with in issues 3, 7, & 10, we present below some more data. To further understanding of the problem a three-year-project “Max Wave� has been undertaken by six European countries with objectives: -Observing global sea waves from satellites, coastal and shipborne radar, and downward looking laser measurement from offshore platforms, and correlating these results with ship casualties. -Modelling numerically the abnormal waves so as to better understand their formation characteristics -Warning mariners of likely abnormal weather conditions and provide weather maps as part of GMDSS
- pg 2 -
Some of the results that have come out of Max Wave include the fact that in three winter weeks 10 waves higher than 25m were observed by satellites and that the highest abnormal wave of 30m appeared to have a long trough ahead and behind. Professor Douglas Faulkner, of the University of Stirling and a leading campaigner for further investigation, has defined the freak wave as the one that is more than 2.3 times the significant wave height (defined as the average of the highest one third of waves encountered) or 25m. Some waves have been recorded at up to 2.9 times the significant height.
9.- A subsequent Interim ISSC has been issued to avoid full compliance with ISPS 10.-The ship identification number is permanently marked in a visible place. If deficiencies are recorded against any of these items from July 1st, then action may be taken by the PSC Officer or the Competent Security Authority (CSA). These may include delay, detention or expulsion of the ship from the port or other lesser administrative or corrective measures. The CSA may carry out quite separate checks onboard ship. You are kindly requested to inform the company of the requirements and control measures.
DETER LAWSUITS 8
8 8
8
Second, when issuing an apology for your part in an incident ( again, this not the same thing as admitting that you did something wrong) , be sure to finely craft your words and to obtain the advice of this office before issuing the first written or spoken apology. Once words are uttered they cannot be taken back, and every word has value financial, reputational and legal. Third, depending on the importance of the incident, apologies should come from an appropriate level of company leadership. Fourth, timeliness matters. Issuing an apology to aggrieved parties days after the incident occurs only serves to "fuel the fire" of outrage. Moreover, it is reactive, not proactive and shows little respect or regard for people who feel as though they have been wronged. Finally, any apology should contain a commitment to work with all parties to mitigate the damage and a demonstration of the individual's / company's commitment to safe and sound operations.
Remember a Person's Name
The average person is more interested in his/her own name than all the other names in the world. The individuals' name sets them apart, makes them unique and important. Remember a person's name and you have paid a subtle and effective compliment. Forget a person's name and you have placed yourself in a disadvantage. Get into Action: When having a conversation with someone you have just met, take the time to repeat the name several times to help remember it. (Adapted from Dale Carnagie / S.Triantafillou)
The Story of Language &
(by Charles. L. Barber- 1964)
The Language in the Modern World (by Simeon Potter - 1960) What is language? It is language, more obviously than anything else, which distinguishes man from the rest of the animal world. At one time it was common to define man as a thinking animal, but we can hardly imagine thought without words or thought that is at all precise, anyway. Language is the most remarkable tool that man has invented, and it is the one that makes all the others possible. Animals, it is true, communicate with one another, or at any rate stimulate one another to action, by means of cries. A human language is a signaling system that uses vocal sounds; but basically is something which is spoken; the written language is secondary and derivative. We are profoundly ignorant about the origins of language and have to content ourselves with more or less plausible speculation. It seems likely that it goes back to the earliest history of man, perhaps over a million years. Once upon a time, there were few human languages and perhaps only one. Thus all of the 6,000 languages spoken around the world today must be descended from it. How did language arise in the first place? Different authors seem to mean different things. There is a welter of theories: -The BOW-WOW theory: an imitation of natural sounds -The POOH-POOH theory: arose from instinctive emotional cries -The DING-DONG theory: or nativistic theory -The YO-HE-Ho theory: arising from the noises made by a group of men engaged in joint labour or effort (moving a tree trunk, lifting a rock) -The GESTURE theory: taking the view that gesture language preceded speech -The MUSICAL theory: sees speech and music as emerging from something earlier that included both, and finally - The CONTACT theory: sees language as arising through man's instinctive need for contact with his fellows The origins of writing derive from speech, is in fact an imperfect visual representation of it; for purposes of distance communication and record keeping. Initially we have had the picture writing; paintings on rocks. In their development two main processes took place: (1) the pictures were simplified and conventionalized, until they were not recognizable as pictures at all; and (2) they were made to stand directly for linguistic
items (first words, then syllables and finally sounds or phonemes). The earliest true writing perhaps was developed by the Sumerians in Southern Mesopotamia, between 4000 and 3000 BCE; it is called cuneiform (wedge shaped). The Sumerians, as a great power of the region, were replaced by various Semitic peoples, such as the Babylonians and the Assyrians and by non-Semitic like the Hittites and the Persians. Next comes the original Egyptian script ( 3000 BCE) which was pictorial and is called hieroglyphic writing (holy carved) for religion inscriptions and hieratic (priestly) for everyday use. On about c 700 BCE was developed a script called demotic (popular) writing. [The conventionalisation of a pictorial script seen in Sumerian and Egyptian can be paralleled elsewhere, for example in traditional Chinese writing- The golden age of Chinese literature was roughly coeval with that of Greek. Meng-tse (372-288) was born only twelve years after Aristotle (384322)]. The Western Europe alphabet derives from the Latin, which in turn derives from the Greek alphabet, which is also the ancestor of the Cyrillic ones. The early Greek alphabet possibly has come from the Phoenicians (West Semitic scripts) and / or the Egyptian Demotic, through possibly the Minoan Crete. From the texts of the two reference books above is attempted below, a non-scientific but simplistic, matrix presentation of the major language families. The field is Vast and Uncharted. If the family tree could be reconstructed and its branching points dated, a wonderful window would be opened onto the human past. Regretfully the chances of such a tree are virtually nil. Briefly the major families (in a metaphorical sense) are (sequence at random) as follows: I. Indo-European II. Hamito-Semitic (includes remotely isolated Maltese) III. Ural-Altaic IV. Sino-Tibetan V. Dravidian VI. Austro-Asian (Mon-Khmer) VII. Japanese-Korean VIII. Basque (isolated) IX. Burushaski (isolated - in India) X. Malayo-Polynesian XI. Papuan XII. African XIII. Caucasian XIV. Amerindian
On the press. A Centre to carry out research into saving “endangered� languages from extinction is to be opened by the Princess Royal, today (24th March), at the School of Oriental & African Studies in London. It will house the Hans Rausing Endangered Languages project, which is backed by a GBP20m grant from the Lisbet Rausing Charitable Fund. From the approximate 6,000 tongues spoken in the world ONE DISAPPEARS EVERY FORTNIGHT, according to researchers. Ed.
- pg 3 -
Cont'd Page 4-5
LETTER OF WARNING
La
The Story of I
PROTO-INDO-E
WESTERN BRANCH WEST EUROPEAN CELTIC - ITALIC ITALIC
AGNEAN WEST GERMANIC
GAULISH
TOCHAR
PROTO GERMANIC
CELTIC OSCAN
LATIN
NORTH GERMANIC
EAST GERMANIC
UMBRIAN
BRITTANIC
GAELIC
CORNISH
SCOTISH
PORTUGUESE
WELSH
IRISH
SPANISH
BRETON
MANX
ITALIAN
DUTCH
FRENCH
ANGLO-FRISIAN
OLD HIGH GERMAN
EAST SCANDINAVIAN
BURGUNDIAN
WEST SCANDINAVIAN ICELANDIC NORWEGIAN FAROESE
HIGH NEW GERMAN
OLD SAXON
DANISH
OLD LOW FRANCONIAN
SWEDISH
VANDAL
BOKMAL NYNORSK
GOTHIC
FLEMMISH
OSTROGOTHIC VISIGOTHIC GUTNISH
OLD ENGLISH OLD FRISIAN GALICIAN
ENGLISH
PROVENCAL
FRISIAN
II
LOW GERMAN[PLATT DEUTCH]
SARDINIAN
ORIGINAL HAMITO - SEMITIC LANG ORIGINAL SEMITIC LANGUAGE
RUMANSCH
SOUTH SEMITIC ETHIOPIAN
DALMATIAN
EAST SEMITIC
ARABIC
WEST SEMITIC
BABYLONIAN
RUMANIAN
X
ORIGINAL ALTAIC [TURKO - TARTAR] LANGUAGE YAKUT MANCHU MONGOL
SAMOYED FINNO - UGRIAN [URALIAN]
MOABITE
SYRIAC
PHOENICIAN
MALAYO - POLYNESIAN INDONESIAN
UZBEK
LAPPISH
WEST ARAMAIC
PUNIC
TURKISH [OSMANLI]
HUNGARIAN
CANDANITE
HEBREW
ORIGINAL URAL - ALTAIC LANGUAGES ORIGINAL URALIAN LANGUAGE
ARAMAIC
ASSYRIAN
MALTESE
III
E
COPTIC
CATALAN
CASTILIAN
ANCIENT EGYPT
AKKADIAN
AZERBAIJANI
MELANESIAN
BORNEO
JAVA [JAVANESE
MALAY
PHILLIPINES [TAGALOG]
CELEBES
MOLUCCA ISL
BALI
MADAGASCAR [MALAGASY]
FIJIAN & 35 MORE
MICRONESIAN
PO
8 LANGUAGES & 20
[
H PERMIAN
KAZAKH
FENNIC
KIRGHIZ
FINNISH ESTONIAN FORMOSA KARELIAN
XIV
OSTYAK
VI
AMERINDIAN (1254) MEXICAN-CENTRAL AMERICA (96)
AUSTRO - ASIAN [MON - KHMER OR KOLARIAN] MUNDA
KHMER
ESKIMO-ALEUT (24)
ANTILLEAN SOUTH AMERICAN (7
NAHUATL (AZTECS)
ARAWAK
MAYAN (MAYAS)
CARIB
KECHUAN (INCAS)
TUPI-GUARANI
MON
ARAUCANIAN
- pg 4 -
anguage
EUROPEAN EASTERN BRANCH BALTIC - SLAVONIC
RIAN
BALTIC
ATTIC
LITHUANIAN LETTISH OLD PRUSSIAN
ARYAN [INDO -IRANIAN]
ALBANIAN
SLAVONIC
HELLENIC
KUCHEAN
ARMENIAN
TOSK
GHEG
IRANIAN
SERBO CROATIAN
MODERN GREEK
INDIAN VEDIC HYMNS
OLD PERSIAN
CLASSICAL SANSKRIT
AVESTAN [ZOROASTRIAN] MODERN PERSIAN CZECH
HINDI
BALOCHI PUSHTU
GREAT RUSSIAN [MOSCOVITE]
V
BENGALI OSSETIAN
POLISH
SINHALESE KURDISH
DRAVIDIAN LANGUAGES TAMIL
MALAYALAM
TELUGU
KANARESE
GONDI
KURUKH
KUI
BRAHUI
UKRAINIAN
URDU
XIII
SLOVENE SLOVAK
BIHARI
CAUCASIAN LANGUAGES NORTH
BULGARIAN
GUAGES
BYELORUSSIAN
ORIGINAL HAMITIC LANGUAGE
EASTERN HAMITIC [CUSHITIC]
GUJARATI
SOUTH
ABKAZ
LAZ
CHECHEN
MINGRELIAN
AVAR
GEORGIAN
MARATHI ORIYA
NORTHERN HAMITIC
RAJASTHANI
BERBER TUAREG
SHLUH
XI
KABYL
GALLA
SOMALI
PUNJABI
PAPUAN LANGUAGES NEW GUINEA AND ABORIGINAL LANGUAGES OF AUSTRALIA
IV
BEJA
SINO - TIBETAN FAMILY OF LANGUAGES
SIAMESE OR THAI
CHINESE - TIBETAN
BURMESE
BODO
NAGA
LOLO
KUO YU (MANDARIN)
BALTI
MIN
CANTONESE
HAKKA
WU
OLYNESIAN
MAORI LANGUAGES AS [SAMOA TAHITI HAWAII ]
783)
VII
VII
VIII
JAPANESE & KOREAN
IX
BASQUE
BURUSHASKI
XII AFRICAN (OVER 500) BANTU
SUDANESE - GUINEAN MANDINGO
NORTH AMERICAN (351) ATHAPASKAN ALGONQUIAN
EWE
SWAHILI
KHOIN
LUGANDA
NAMA OR HOTTENTOT SAN OR BUSHMAN
S. AFRICA AFRICAANS
NUBIAN
IBO
ZULU
KAFFIR
YORUBA
TWI
SUBIYA
LUBA - LULUA
SWATI
EFIK
MENDE
HERERO
TSONGA
HAUSA
NDEBELE
TSWANA VENDA
IROQUOIAN
XHOSA
- pg 5 -
Seafarers
Health Information D
isease and injury are very disruptive problems onboard vessels. Not only do they disturb the normal functions but the direct and indirect consequences may be dramatic and difficult to control. Seafaring remains one of the most dangerous professions. The frequency and gravity of the accidents are high comparing to other industries and medical care onboard is basic; a seafarer is isolated from the normal levels of care on land.
Health is integral and the very basic part of well being, so it is only natural that the ICSW (International Committee on Seafarers' Welfare) and other relevant organizations are involved in health matters. It is in this respect that the ICSW has taken the decision to launch a Seafarers Health Information programme. We are aware of the two previous campaigns on “HIV & AIDS” and on “Hygiene in the Galley”, both of which have occupied space in this bulletin (issue 6). This programme will address all the health matters
Modern-day pirates take charge of the high seas
L
egendary tales of pirating rogues running daring raids on the high seas have provided bedtime entertainment for generations of children. But the modern face of violent piracy could not be further from the age-old myth of the heroic buccaneer. The International Maritime Bureau reported a record number of violent incidents in 2003, amid increasing reports of machinegun attacks which
that are of concern to the individual seafarer and will be focusing and stressing on to his personal responsibility to his own self, first. We are anxiously awaiting for the topics and the means to identify and remedy same and will bring them on to you. (Adapted from the IMHA News) NOTE. Seamen who suffered an incident / accident onboard a vessel and, after their treatment by a Support Team, immediately returned to a similar duty, a study by the Royal Norwegian Navy has shown that, they were better off than those who had chosen other positions instead. It is of paramount importance to have identified, as of now, the Special Support Team ashore which in case of a serious medical incident will handle the crisis / disaster, during and after. Should include physicians, ministers, nurses and psychologists among the other specialist-doctors.
Excellence and the Competitive Spirit
Ancient athletes competed as individuals, not as national teams, as in the modern Olympic Games. The emphasis on individual athletic achievement through public competition was related to the (ancient) Greek ideal of rose by 50% last year. In total, 644 incidents of excellence, called arete. Aristocratic men who attained violence to ships' crews were recorded. Various this ideal, through their outstanding words or deeds, won unions have proposed that sea marshals be enlisted permanent glory and fame. Those who failed to measure to accompany vessels across piracy hotspots, such up to this code feared public shame and disgrace. as off Indonesia, Bangladesh and Nigeria, and not only.
“” Do you think, fellow citizens, that any man would
Such incidents are causing growing alarm but more ever have been willing to train for the pancratium or foreboding is the emerging trend towards piracy any other harder contest in the Olympic games…if terrorism. the crown were given, not to the best man, but to Are cutlasses replaced by Kalashnikovs? We expect that the international shipping industry the man who had successfully intrigued for it? No man would ever have been willing. But as it is, will not turn a blind, Nelsonian, eye. Please consult, from your ship's library, the BIMCO manual "The ShipMaster's Security Manual" and include at your next Safety Meeting the guidelines for preventing and suppressing acts of piracy and armed robbery against ships. On the lighter side of today's world events, we have commenced distributing, onboard all our fleet vessels, the video film "MASTER and COMMANDER". Directed by Peter Weir and cast Russell Crowe, Paul Bettany and Richard Stroh it has been nominated for 3 Golden Globes for 2004 and we consider it 'a rousing high-sea adventure that sweeps you into another world'. Captain John Aubrey (Crowe) of HMS Surprise is torn between duty and friendship as he pursues a high-stakes chase across two oceans, to the far side of the world, to intercept his foe. Crowe, who has had some experience playing the guitar and drums took great pains to get the fingering of the complex instrument (violin) although the music heard in the film is not his own. The reason? "I just thought that it was very important for the balance," explains. "It was just as important for me to learn about the violin as it was to learn about the way the ship moved". Enjoy it. Ed.
- pg 6 -
because the reward is rare…and because of the competition and the honour, and the undying fame that victory brings, men are willing to risk their bodies, at the cost of the most severe discipline to carry the struggle to the end. ”” (AESCHINES against Ctesiphon, 179). Not all athletes lived up to this code of excellence. Those who were discovered cheating were fined, and the money was used to make bronze statues of Zeus, which were erected on the road to the stadium. The statues were inscribed with messages describing the offenses, warning others not to cheat, reminding athletes that victory was won by skill and not money, and emphasizing the Olympic spirit of piety toward the gods and fair competition. The earliest recorded cheater was Eupolus of Thessaly, who bribed boxers in the 98th Olympiad. Callipus of Athens bought off his competitors in the pentathlon during the 112th festival. When the Persian military officer Tigranes “heard the prize was not money but a crown (of olive), he could not hold his peace, but cried, “Good heavens, Mardonius what kind of men are these that you have pitted us against? It is not for money they contend but for glory of achievement!''' HERODOTUS, Histories, 8.26.3. O' tempore, o' mores.
Suppose one strand of DNA looks like this:
poetry poetry poetry poetry poetry poetry poetry poetry poetry poetry poetry poetry If you can keep your head when all about you Are losing theirs and blaming it on you. If you can dream and not make dreams your master. If you can think and not make thoughts your aim. If you can meet with Triumph and Disaster And treat those two impostors just the same. If you can fill the unforgiving minute With sixty seconds' worth of distance run. Yours is the earth and everything that's in it And which is more You 'll be a Man, my son! (Extracts from the poem “If� by Rudyard Kipling, 1865-1936) The Verdidad of the Zend-Avesta (5 century BCE) 10,19."Make thy own self pure, O righteous man! any one in the world here can win purity for his own self, namely, when he cleanses his own self with good thoughts, words, and deeds".
M
M AGE ENT I N AN
C.
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) is a chemical structure that forms chromosomes. A piece of a chromosome that dictates a particular trait is called a gene. Structurally, DNA is a double helix: two strands of genetic material spiraled around each other. Each strand contains a sequence of bases (also called nucleotides). A base is one of four chemicals (adenine, guanine, cytosine and thiamine). The two strands of DNA are connected at each base. Each base will only bond with one other base as follows: Adenine (A) will only bond with Thiamine (T), and Guanine (G) will only bond with Cytosine (C).
What is DNA Fingerprinting? The chemical structure of everyone's DNA is the same. The only difference between people (or any animals) is the order of the base pairs. There are so many millions of base pairs in each person's DNA that every person has a different sequence. Using these sequences every person could be identified solely by the sequence of their base pairs. However, because there are so many millions the task would be very timeconsuming. Instead scientists are able to use a shorter method because of repeating patterns. These patterns do not, however, give an individual 'fingerprint' but they are able to determine whether two DNA samples are from the same person, related people, or nonrelated people. Scientists use a small number of sequences of DNA that are known to vary among individuals a great deal, and analyze those to get a certain probability of a match.
NTROF
IN
DNA
T-T-G-A-C-T-A-T-C-C-A-G-A-T-C
CE
A-A-C-T-G-A-T-A-G-G-T-C-T-A-G The DNA strand bound to it will look like this:
QUOTATIONS
Once we accept our limits, we go beyond them. -Albert EinsteinThe only way to improve your tomorrow is to know what you did wrong today. -Danger arises when a man feels secure in his position. -Destruction threatens when a man seeks to preserve his worldly estate. -Confusion develops when a man has put everything in order. Therefore the superior man does not forget danger in security, nor ruin when he is well established, nor confusion when his affaires are in order. In this way he gains personal safety and is able to protect the empire. (Chinese Wisdom)
ABBREVIATIONS
Stowaways!!
( known by their use, but possibly not for their meaning) pp : propria persona oneself : per procurationen by agency : per proxy aka : also known as, : another known alias
Seafaring is a very singular way of life. Major decisions have to be taken every day onboard ships. But shipping is also about small decisions. We should never forget that the industry is about people living in harmony and in a confined area. Self-imposed discipline is important.
! Accommodation doors should be locked or guarded while the vessel is in port. ! A crewmember should be on gangway duty, tallying all boarding / disembarkations. ! The vessel should be searched thoroughly before departure. A checklist should be drawn of all likely hiding/dark/seemingly locked places for this purpose. When stowaways are found the master should search the area for concealed documents. The P&I club can provide suitable forms of questionnaires, in a variety of languages, to record such information. Report to this Office, which in turn will advise the Club. Chat informally to them and treat them humanely; adequate food, clothing and washroom facilities must be provided. Should be kept confined, separately if at all possible, and not put to work. (Extracts from the StopLoss Bulletin)
- pg 7 -
(contributed by JBD)
Our Joke (s) :
:)
The problem of stowaways is serious and is getting worse. Crewmembers can take steps to prevent stowaways from boarding, as following:
alias: assumed name
-Find out what this means: Report to MAROPS about ISPS and get OK from DPA at once. Otherwise PSC will claim Non-conformities for MOU. -Sir, if you were my husband, I would poison your drink, Madam, if you were my wife, I would drink it.
The Olympic Anthem The poem << Ancient Eternal and Immortal Spirit>> written by the famous Greek poet Costis PALAMAS (1859-1943) was set to music by Spyros SAMARAS (1853-1917) . It was performed for the first time at the modern I Olympiad in Athens, in 1896. For many years thereafter, different musical offerings provided the background to the Opening Ceremonies of the Olympic Games, until 1960. The International Olympic Committee had unanimously decided to adopt it as the official Olympic Anthem, at its 55th session in Tokyo, 1958. The Olympic Anthem is sung in many languages. Because the lyrics have to follow the music the translations are free. Below please find the Greek original text (m), its corresponding English translation (l), an the lyrics sung in English (r) in free translation.
NTROF
M
Articles written in this bulletin do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of CENTROFIN. DISCLAIMER. The contents provided herewith are for general information purposes only; not intended to replace or otherwise contradict the detailed instructions issued by the owners, flag etc.
Editor: Cmdr Nicholas A. Iliopoulos Staff Captain Manning & Training Tel: +30.210 8983.305 Fax: +30.210 8983.231 E-mail: nai@centrofin.gr Design-Production: www.paradox-adv.com Tel: +30.210 6560.832
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CENTRO-NEWS
Immortal spirit of antiquity, Father of the true, beautiful and good, Descend, appear, shed over us thy ligh1t Upon this ground and under the sky Which has first witnessed thy imperishable fame. Give life and animation to those noble games! Throw wreaths of fadeless flowers to the victors In the race and in strife! Create in our breasts, hearts of steel! Shine in a roseate hue and form a vast temple To which all nations throng to adore thee, Oh immortal spirit of antiquity.
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Wavelength
Áñ÷áéï Ðíåõìá áèáíáôïí, áãíå ðáôåñá, ôïõ ùñáéïõ, ôïõ ìåãáëïõ êáé ô' áëçèéíïõ,êáôåâá, öáíåñùóïõ êé áóôñáø' åäù ðåñá óôçí äïîá ôçò äéêçò óïõ ãçò êáé ô' ïõñáíïõ. Óôï äñïìï êáé óôï ðáëåìá êáé óôï ëéèáñé, óôùí åõãåíùí Áãùíùí ëáìøå ôçí ïñìç, êáé ìå ô' áìáñáíôï óôåöáíùóå êëùíáñé êáé óéäåñåíéï ðëáóå êé áîéï ôï êïñìé. Êáìðïé, âïõíá êáé ðåëáãá öåããïõí ìáæé óïõ óáí åíáò ëåõêïðïñöõñïò ìåãáò íáïò, Êáé ôñå÷åé óôï íáï åäù ðñïóêõíçôçò óïõ. Áñ÷áéï Ðíåõì' áèáíáôï, êáèå ëáïò.
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Ancient immortal spirit, pure father, of beauty, of greatness and of truth, descend, appear as lighting here upon the glory of your own earth & sky. At running and wrestling and a throwing illuminate the noble-games' rivalry, and crown with the fadeless branch and create the body worthy and of steel. Valleys, mountains, and seas shine with you like a white-marble and purple great temple, And hurries to the temple here, your pilgrim; Oh immortal spirit of antiquity; every nation.