W
Volume 2, Issue 13, October 2004
To r Sea each far ou er r s
avelength centrofin@centrofin.gr
Bridge Resource Management
Marine Accidents Cause Co$tly Claims
Maritime Resource Management (MRM) CENTRO-NEWS
(With excerpts from the Swedish Club Letter)
The Swedish Club as of last year has replaced the wellknown training term "BRM" with the new one "MRM". Both a four-day course. This has caused, in some cases, a small
confusion over the seafarers existing course certification. Bridge Resource Management (BRM) was developed from the airline industry's Cockpit Resource Management (CRM)
training course. The first BRM course was launched in 1993. Its ultimate aim was to ensure that available resources are used in the best way to accomplish tasks as safely and efficiently as
possible. A task could involve flying an aircraft from A to B or sailing a vessel from C to D. When things go wrong, the cause can very often be traced back to a failure to use the information available from resources such as team members, pilots, procedures, check lists, technical equipment or other vessels. Later the airline industry, realizing that the resources were not always concentrated in the cockpit, changed the meaning of CRM to Crew Resource Management. So did the Swedish Club after considerable thought. The new name MRM was to reflect both the contents and objectives of the BRM course, more accurately, while all target groups - bridge, engine, pilots and shore based staff - were to become part of it. Eventually, the Club decided to launch an additional training day focusing mainly on the passage planning for deck officers, at an additional 'slight' cost. The fiveday course is also called ''MRM including voyage planning and BTM'' (Bridge Team Management).
In this issue pg2
Coffee Talk pg4-5
COLREGS pg6
Corporate social responsibility in shipping pg8
35 Years of Internet
...continued to pg 2
Is a Team a Team? (mainly ashore and partly onboard)
W
hat do you do when the whole of the team you are leading appears to be less than the sum of its parts? Everything seems to be in place: competent people, a demanding but reasonable plan, sufficient resources. Well, it is your duty to set the tone, the tempo and the mechanisms.
Question: Does the group assembled view itself as a team? Answer: Declare that a team exists and support that assertion with clarity as to how the participants are to interact and support each other.(Deck & Engine. Chain of Command). Question: Is there a platform / environment that promotes expression of different opinions? Answer: Healthy discussions enable teams to bring all team knowledge and opinions to surface, which leads to better decisions. ...continued to pg 3
TO THE MASTER: Please circulate this Bulletin to the CREW.
MEASURING RESULTS (Adapted from Dale Carnegie Training)
All men by nature desire knowledge (Aristotle) To be able to found out whether the additional training – as offered to our seafarers – has done its job, beyond the requirements of the STCW-95, we suggest below four levels of measurement. [[By training we mean: courses/lectures/drills/safety meetings/superintendents’ coaching etc., both ashore (training centre and/or in-house) and onboard]].
Bridge Resource Management
Did participants find value in the programme?
What skills, knowledge or attitudes have changed?
Marine Accidents Cause Co$tly Claims Maritime Resource Management (MRM)
(With excerpts from the Swedish Club Letter)
...continued from pg 1 The BRM (or MRM) course is only aiming to establish a TEAM WORK condition among the various parties concerned. The way that humans interact, communicate and make decisions, in highly operational situations, is quite similar. Marine accidents are caused not by technical errors but by crew management errors, as lack of situational awareness, failure to delegate tasks and assign responsibilities, failure to set priorities, inadequate monitoring, failure to use available data, failure to communicate intent and plans, failure to detect and challenge
deviations from standard operating procedures, and / or preoccupation with minor administrative or technical tasks. One might believe that the chain of events leading up to an accident is filled with dramatic and difficult circumstances. This seems rarely to be the case; on the contrary, one is amazingly surprised to find how small and insignificant the initial mistakes often are that ultimately lead to severe accidents and heavy claims. The people involved are often experienced and have gone through extensive skills and training.
1 2 3 Did on-the-job application 4produce measurable results?
What seems to be the primary cause of accidents is related to the attitude and behaviour of the individuals onboard. They make their own judgments concerning what is or is not important and fail to follow company procedures or ask or listen to others who may possess better information on the specific situation. Junior officers, to our opinion, seem, in many cases to lack assertiveness when notifying the master, even when they realize that the situation is getting out of hand. The ultimate goal is to have created a safer and harmonious environment onboard. Ed.
Did participants apply what they learned to their jobs?
This comprehensive approach allows for an easy-to-understand interpretation of results. It comes in the form of questions which could be asked to the seafarers at various intervals and after a training programme has been implemented. One last level of measurement could be:
5
Did the monetary value of the results exceed the cost of the course?
Of course the answer has to come by the shipmanager/owner.
Coffee Talk “Black as the devil, hot as hell, pure as an angel, sweet as love.”
That's the recipe for coffee, according to the utterly French statesman Talleyrand (17541838). Across the Channel the British took a more, well, British approach to coffee cookery: Seventeenth-century diarist Samuel Pepys wrote of Londoners larding their coffee with butter, mustard, oatmeal and ale. Today's choices, though arguably more appetizing, are no less confounding: Automatic drip or French press? Ground or whole bean? Fiery or frosty? Regular or unleaded? Americano, cappuchino, espresso, macchiato, mocha or latte? How do you take yours? An average joe just doesn't cut it anymore, so tells us what it takes to make the perfect cup.
Origins.
Goats will eat anything. An Ethiopian goatherd, named Kaldi, noticed his herd dancing from one coffee shrub to another, grazing on the cherry-red berries containing the beans. He copped a few himself and was soon frolicking with his flock (circa A.D. 800). Witnessing Kaldi's goatly gambol, a monk plucked berries for his brothers. That night they were uncannily alert to divine inspiration. Coffee later crossed the Red Sea to Arabia, were things really got cooking. Coffee as we know it kicked off in Arabia, where roasted beans were first brewed around A.D. 1000. By the 13th century Arabs were drinking coffee religiously. The 'bean broth' drove dervishes into orbit, and wherever Islam went, coffee went too; North Africa, the Eastern Mediterranean, and India. No coffee seed sprouted outside Africa or Arabia until the 1600s until Baba Budan; the Indian pilgrim -cumsmuggler left Mecca with fertile seeds strapped to his belly. Baba's beans bore fruit and initiated an agricultural expansion that would soon reach Europe's colonies. The Turks have a drink of black colour…I will bring some with me…to the Italians. Thus a merchant of Venice introduced Europe to coffee in 1615. The Dutch in 1616 spirited a coffee plant into Europe for the first time. Then in 1696 they founded the first
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PUZZLE & PRIZE
Win a priz e of USD$50 b y the missp defining elled wo rd on issue 12. Closi ng date 15 Dec 200 4. Three win ners. Ed.
European-owned coffee estate on colonial Java, now part of Indonesia. Business boomed and the Dutch sprinted ahead to adjacent islands. Amsterdam began bestowing coffee trees on aristocrats around Europe. Louis XIV received his Dutch treat around 1714 a coffee tree for the Jardin des Plantes. Several years later a young naval officer, Gabriel Mathieu de Clieu, imagining Martinique as a French Java, requested clippings from the king's tree. Permission denied. Resolute, de Clieu led a moonlight raid of the Jardins over the wall, into the hothouse, out with a sprout. Mission accomplished he sailed for Martinique (circa 1720). But the hard part wasn't over. On the return passage a 'basely jealous' passenger 'being unable to get this coffee away, tore off a branch'. Then came the pirates who nearly captured the ship; then came a storm which nearly sank it. Finally, skies grew clear. Too clear. Water grew scarce and was rationed. De Clieu gave half of his allotment to his stricken seeding. Under armed guard, the sprout grew strong in Martinique, yielding an extended family of approximately 18 million trees in 50 years or so (circa 1770). Its progeny would supply Latin America, where a dangerous liaison would help bring coffee to the masses. 1727: Brazil's emperor wants a cut of the coffee market; but first, he needs an agent to smuggle seeds from a
...continued from pg 1
Is a Team a Team?
Q: How about performance expectations & behaviour? A: Each person should know the stakes and clearly grasp how others will determine whether they meet expectations, fail to deliver, or exceed expectations. Teams that cannot hold one another accountable are susceptible to allowing individual and department priorities to supersede the goals of the team. Q: Is the shared vision of expectations held by all team members? A: Most people have an idea of what they are trying to achieve. But their picture of what this destination looks like varies, causing differing goals, priorities and needs. Visions need to be visual and specific and mostly negotiated so everyone is focused on the same path. Discuss how the team builds value.
Q: Is there a team communication strategy? A: Effective communication is more than simply the currency of interpersonal commitment. Communicate constantly - so that members understand direction changes, updates and key issues.
EPIRB
Q: Would a leader seek extreme feedback on his/her own performance? A: It is of radical extreme leadership to put your own ego directly at risk and ask: How am I doing? However, a leader's willingness to hear criticism establishes the model for others in the group to follow, while creating “a strong human connection that engenders commitment and loyalty”.
Q: Should a supporting 'reward' system be established? A: Yes, in order to reward team members who give others the heads-up on changing circumstances, updated information or potential risks.
Q: Who are the best team members? A: Those who anticipate the needs of one another. (Above article is a viewpoint of the editor. Any comments a/o opinions are welcome)
coffee country. Enter Lt.Col. Francisco de Melo Palheta, the James Bond of Beans. He is dispatched to French Guiana, ostensibly to mediate a border dispute. Eschewing the fortress like coffee farms, suave Palheta chooses a path of less resistance the governor's wife. The plan pays off. At a state farewell dinner she presents him a sly token of affection: a bouquet spiked with seedlings. From these scant shoots sprout the world's greatest coffee empire. By 1800 Brazil's monster harvests would turn coffee from an elite indulgence to an everyday elixir, a drink for the people.
Bean Belt From humble origins in Africa, coffee cultivation wandered east and west, eventually forming a belt roughly bounded by the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn. Growing regions typically offer moderate sunshine and rain, steady temperatures around 20C (70F), and rich, porous soil. In return the delicate tree yields beans that are an economic mainstay for dozens of countries and about 25 million people-and, among natural commodities, have a monetary value surpassed only by oil. Of the two main coffee trees; arabicas and robusta the former begets the better beans and about 70% of the harvest and the latter 30%.
Dear Master,
As you know your EPIRB (Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon) sends distress alert signals without the intervention of your ship’s personnel, if activated. Did you know that more (appx 94%) of all EPIRB transmissions are false alarms? This is often caused during bad weather and exposure to heavy seas. You will rarely know when you have lost an EPIRB or that your EPIRB has transmitted a false distress signal whilst still onboard; that is until the rescue services arrive or make contact. Rescue Coordination Centres (RCCs) monitor EPIRB transmissions as the basis for instigating full search and rescue procedures. These operations are always very expensive and can involve the diversion of ships, deployment of helicopters or long distance flights from fixed wing aircrafts. If RCCs are not informed quickly of false EPIRB alerts, shipowners can face heavy fines. Please include this comment on your next Safety Meeting agenda and make the crew Aware. For any comments please contact your MAROPS operator. Thank you.
“One of the greatest victories you can gain over someone is to beat him at politeness”
Roasts Everyday alchemy, coffee roasting coaxes golden flavour from a bland bean. Unroasted beans boast all of coffee's acids, protein, and caffeine but none of its taste. It takes heat to spark the chemical reactions that turn carbohydrates and fats into aromatic oils, burn off moisture and carbon dioxide, and alternately break down and build up acids, unlocking the characteristic coffee flavour. Describing the tastes of different roasts is as subjective as putting a wine into words. In both cases there is no substitute for your own personal taste; so sample away. The N. Americans prefer, at large, Light and Medium roast; the continental Europeans Dark and the Italians (like this editor) Darkest (espresso). The Top Ten Coffee-Producing Countries (as per US National Coffee Asstn for 1997-98; in 60 kgs/bag) Brazil (22.5 million bags) Notable beans: Bahia, Bourbon Santos Colombia (10.5 m bags) Notable beans: Medellin, Supremo, Bogota Indonesia ( 6.7 m bags) Notable beans: Java, Sumatra, Sulawesi (Celebes)
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FALSE ALARM
Vietnam (5.8 m bags) Notable beans: Vietnam specializes in Robusta production Mexico (5 m bags) Notable beans: Altura, Liquidambar MS, Pluma Coixtepec Ethiopia (3.8 m bags Notable beans: Harrar, Sidamo, Yirgacheffe India (3.8 m bags) Notable beans: Mysore, Monsooned Malabar Guatemala (3.5 m bags) Notable beans: Atitlan, Huehuetenango Cote d' Ivoire (3.3 m bags) Notable beans: Cote d' Ivoire specializes in Robusta production Uganda (3 m bags) Notable beans: Bugisu
(Excerpts from National Geographic site)
COLR A Guide to G Watch Vessels to Starboard! Give way early – If you are the give-way vessel, take early action so the other vessel knows your intentions. Avoid crossing ahead – Go to starboard, astern of the vessel if at all possible. --->
Rule 19 Conduct of Vessels in Restricted Visibility
(a) This rule applies to vessels not in sight of one another when navigating in or near an area of restricted visibility.
(b) Every vessel shall proceed at a safe speed adapted to the prevailing circumstances and conditions of restricted visibility. A power-driven vessel shall have her engines ready for immediate manoeuvre.
(c) Every vessel shall have due regard to the prevailing circumstances and conditions of restricted visibility when complying with the Rules of Section I of this Part.
(d) A vessel which detects by radar alone the presence of another vessel
shall determine if a close-quarters situation is developing and/or risk of collision exists. If so, she shall take avoiding action in ample time, provided that when such action consists of an alteration of course, so far as possible the following shall be avoided:
(i)
An alteration of course to port for a vessel forward of the beam, other than for a vessel being overtaken;
(ii)
An alteration of course towards a vessel abeam or abaft the beam.
(e)
Except where it has been determined that a risk of collision does not exist, every vessel which hears apparently forward of her beam the fog signal of another vessel, or which cannot avoid a close-quarters situation with another vessel forward of her beam, shall reduce her speed to the minimum at which she can be kept on her course. She shall if necessary take all her way off and in any event navigate with extreme caution until danger of collision is over.
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Rule 15 Cros When two power-driven vessels are crossing so as to involve risk of collision, the vessel which has the other on her own starboard side
REGS Good Practice
(Compliments NoE)
ssing Situation shall keep out of the way and shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, avoid crossing ahead of the other vessel
Be considerate – If the other vessel is hampered in any way, action must be taken even earlier to reassure the other vessel Be positive! – If in doubt over crossing or being overtaken, assume you are crossing and keep clear. Use your engines – Remember that you should always have the option of using your engines as well as your helm.
Restricted Visibility Changes Everything! Rule 19 is a different set of rules that only apply when “vessels are not in sight of one another”. THERE IS NO SUCH THING AS A STAND-ON VESSEL IN RESTRICTED VISIBILITY. Every vessel must act! Avoid altering to port (19(d)(i)) – An alteration of course to port (should be avoided) for a vessel forward of the beam, except for a vessel you are overtaking. Avoid altering towards (19(d)(ii)) – If a target presents a collision or close quarters risk abeam or abaft the beam you must act but avoid altering towards it. THIS DOES NOT MEAN you cannot alter towards ANY vessel that may be abeam or abaft the beam. Rule 19 (d)(ii) only applies if there is a collision or close quarters risk. Use your engines – Again always remember that you should have the option of using your engines as well as your helm. Proceed at a safe speed – have your engines available for immediate manoeuvering. If you don’t have radar, for whatever reason, you must proceed with extreme caution. Listen for sound signals and respond accordingly.
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Engineers plead guilty to false entries in oil record book, illegal oily bilge water discharges "Lemongate" incident highlights how security actions can injure maritime commerce An extensive article in the business section of the September 10, 2004, issue of The Washington Post shows that the U.S. Coast Guard's zealous attention to maritime security can have serious and adverse impacts for ocean carriers and shippers. An anonymous email tip to federal authorities set off a chain of events in which the containership CSAV Rio Puelo was detained outside of Port Elizabeth, New Jersey, for several days. The tip suggested that a dangerous substance might be present in one of five containers of Argentine lemons on the vessel. Over the period from July 31 to August 6, the Rio Puelo was prevented from docking. The lemons in the five containers were removed and destroyed. In addition, other fruit in the cargo went bad during the delay. Intensive searches and inspections turned up no sign of any dangerous substances. In addition, it appears that the supplier of the lemons and his purchaser were engaged in a business dispute over the transaction, leading to speculation that a disgruntled party may have actually sent the "false alarm" email message.
Falsifying oil record books and bypassing an Oil Water Separator on the M/V (name) provided the basis for two ship engineers to enter guilty pleas in federal court in Maine on September 7, 2004. This bulk carrier is registered in (flag name). As is becoming increasingly common, Coast Guard investigators received a tip (this time an anonymous one) of illegal oily waste discharge at sea. When they inspected the ship, they found oily residue in piping that led to overboard discharge valves and inoperable oil pollution control equipment. They determined that the engineers' entries into the Oil Record Book were false. Sentencing has not occurred, but the defendants each face potential imprisonment of five years, a fine up to $250,000, and probation of as much as five years. Authorities indicated that the investigation is "continuing;" this could provide the engineers an opportunity to obtain lesser sentences if they are cooperative. It also signals danger to the vessel owner, (name) Ltd., of the (flag name).
Master of foreign freighter guilty of operating vessel under the influence of alcohol Federal law makes it a misdemeanor to operate a vessel while under the influence of alcohol. Section 2302(c) of Title 36, United States Code, reads: "An individual who is under the influence of alcohol, or a dangerous drug in violation of a law of the United States when operating a vessel, as determined under standards prescribed by the Secretary by regulation -- (1) is liable to the United States Government for a civil penalty of not more than $5,000; or (2) commits a class A misdemeanor." Punishment for a class A misdemeanor that does not result in death can be a fine of up to $100,000,
imprisonment of between 6 months and one year, and probation of up to five years. Captain (name) of the merchant vessel (name) pleaded guilty to such a violation on September 7, 2004. His sentence ordered that he serve one year on probation, during which time he can not operate a vessel in U.S. waters, and that he pay a fine of $4,000. On August 30, the (name)-flagged (name) struck a moored barge in the Houston Ship Channel, Texas. Coast Guard investigators boarded the vessel, detected signs that the captain was intoxicated, and ordered drug and alcohol testing. The captain's blood alcohol content of .232 greatly exceeded the legal limit of .04.
(Compliments of the ALERT bulletin/NAUTICAL INSTITUTE)
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M
QUOTATIONS
by Mosquito
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alaria like AIDS, is killing millions. But unlike AIDS, it can be cured. Why isn't that happening? As current trends make clear AIDS is surpassing the Black Death as the most devastating plague ever to afflict the human race. But all the welldeserved attention paid to AIDS over the past years has overshadowed the rapid come back of a second, nearly-as - deadly plague malaria. The latest figures suggest that malaria sickened 300 million people last year and killed 3 million most of them under age 5. (AIDS killed just over 3 million.) Countries in sub-Saharan Africa have suffered the brunt of this renewed assault, but nations in temperate zones are not immune. Despite various setbacks there is reason for hope. Doctors have made remarkable progress in the treatment of drug-resistant malaria by combining several compounds the most powerful of which is derived from an ancient Chinese herbal (Artemisia annua) remedy that cures 90% of patients in three days, but is in short supply. Community groups, nonprofit organizations and governments are redoubling efforts to control the mosquitoes that cause the disease and are in a real consensus for action.
T
T
he cycle of transmission is complete when another mosquito bites an infected person and picks up more parasites. One might expect that one bout of malaria would lead to a lifelong protection against the disease. But for complicated reasons, that is not the case. The illness tends to be less severe in adults who are continually exposed to the parasites. But when young children become infected, they are much more likely to suffer severe anemia and convulsions that may lead to permanent brain damage and death.
The wise man gladly leaves fame to others. He does not seek to have credited to himself things that stand accomplished, but hopes to release active forces; that is, he works in such a manner that they bear fruit for the future. (Chinese Wisdom)
Unless what we do is useful, glory is vain No gain is as certain as that which proceeds from the economical use of what you already have (Note: Invest Smartly)
A clear conscience is far more valuable than money Hope of ill gain is the beginning of loss. I thou suffer injustice, console thyself; the true unhappiness is in doing it. (Democritus, 460-370 BCE. Developed an atomic theory: Reality consists of atoms and space between
F
or decades the best treatment for malaria was an inexpensive medication called chloroquine, first discovered in Germany in 1934, by 'Bayer'. Over the years and its extensive use the malaria parasites became resistant to it and doctors turned to a second medication called sulfadoxine-pyrimethanine (SP). At the same time efforts to control and eradicate the anopheles mosquitoes from tropical regions had its ups and downs.
them; everything else is opinion)
To be successful, the experts say, any antimalaria campaign must do two things: treat the illness and prevent the transmission of parasites. Several pilot studies are conducted in Africa. Low-cost drugs, mosquito-nets, and forms of controlled DDT spraying are in use.
(Abraham Lincoln, 1809-1865)
It is the attitude, however, that will make a difference in the battle against malaria. The know how to control the disease already exists. What is not so clear is whether there is the necessary commitment financial and political to make it happen.
The three poisons in life: Anger – Greed – Stupidity
(From various sources. Excerpts from the TIME)
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A man should live with his superior as he does with his fire; not too near, lest he burn; not to far off, lest he freeze. (Diogenes, 412-323 BCE. A cynic, usually depicted with a lantern in search of honest man)
Honest Man :The noblest work of God (Framed sign hanging on CENMAR / Manila wall; crew reception hall)
Force is all-conquering, but its victories are short-lived
Any one can become angry – that is easy. But to be angry with the right person, to the right degree, at the right time, for the right purpose and in the right way – this is not easy (Aristotle)
(Chinese Wisdom)
:)
o better understand why malaria has become such a threat and what can be done to stop the disease it helps to know a little biology. Malaria is caused by four closely related parasites, the deadliest of which is plasmodium falciparum, which has a particular fondness for anopheles mosquitoes. The parasites enter the bloodstream when an infected mosquito bites a human (and animals). Then they continuously multiply inside the host's liver and red blood cells and eventually burst causing fever, shivering, pain and sometimes death.
C.
Death
M AGE ENT I N AN
IN
CE
NTROF
Our Joke: To me, old age is
always fifteen years older than I am
35
YEARS OF INTERNET
WEB'S INVENTOR GOT A KNIGHTHOOD (The man with a new idea is a crank until the idea succeeds Mark Twain)
T
he 'internet', is an interconnection of computer networks worldwide that enables connected machines to communicate directly. It is a public, voluntary, and cooperative effort between the connected institutions. It is not owned or operated by any single organisation. There are also smaller internets, usually for the private use of a single organisation, called intranets.
On September 2, 1969, scientists at UCLA, in an engineering lab, linked two bulky computers using a 15-foot grey cable. Graduates Stephen Crocker and Vinton Cerf had joined UCLA professor Len Kleinrock as bits of meaningless test data flowed between the two computers. The internet and Transmission Control Protocols (TCPs) were initially sponsored by the U.S. Dept of Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA). Then in the late 1970s came the e-mail and in 1989 came the domain World Wide Web (WWW) by the English computer scientist Timothy Berners-Lee for the European Organisation for Nuclear Research (CERN). Internet technology is a primitive precursor of the Information Superhighway, a theoretical goal of computer communications to provide schools, libraries, businesses, and homes universal access to quality information that educates, informs, and entertains. Internets are formed by connecting local networks through special computers in each network known as Gateways. Gateway interconnections are made through various communications paths, including telephone lines, optical fibres and radio links. Different types of addressing formats are used by the various services provided by internets. One format is known as dotted decimal (123.45.67.89). Another format describes the name of the destination computer and other routing information (“machine.univ.edu.ph�) for the Philippines Once addressed the information leaves its home network through a gateway. It is routed from gateway to gateway until it reaches the local network containing the destination machine. The Internet Protocol is the basic software used to control an internet. It specifies how gateway machines route information from the sending computer to the recipient one. TCPs check whether the information has arrived at the destination computer, and if not, causes the information to be resent. Though computer interaction is still in its infancy, as per the experts, it has dramatically changed our world, bridging the barriers of time and distance, allowing people to share information and work together. Evolution will continue Tim Berners-Lee, dubbed the 'father of the web', was born in London in 1955 and graduated from the Queen's College at Oxford University in 1976. Whilst there he built his first computer with a soldering iron, TTL gates, an M6800 processor and an old television. After some years with Plessey Telecoms and D.G.Nash (UK), CERN (Geneva), Image Computer Systems (UK) he returned to CERN for a fellowship.
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AGEMENT I N AN
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CENTRO-NEWS
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IN
Wavelength
Articles written in this bulletin do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of CENTROFIN. DISCLAIMER. The contents provided herewith are for general information purposes only; not intended to replace or otherwise contradict the detailed instructions issued by the owners, flag etc.
CE
In 1989 he designed, and is being upgraded continuously, the web of hypertext documents, as HTTP (hypertext transfer protocol), WWW, URL (uniform resource locator) or URI (uniform resource identifier), HTML ( hypertext mark-up language) etc. In 1994 he joined the Laboratory for Computer Science at MIT, in 1999 became the first holder of the 3Com Founders chair and presently he is the Director of the WWW Consortium. The latter's role is to lead the Web to its full potential, ensuring stability through rapid evolution and revolutionary transformation of its usage. Sir Tim received the 'unexpected' Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the New Year 2004 honours list by telephone , not by e-mail. Ed. (From a variety of sources, of course, from the INTERNET!)
Editor: Cmdr Nicholas A. Iliopoulos Staff Captain - Human Resources Manager Tel: +30.210 8983.305 Fax: +30.210 8983.231 E-mail: nai@centrofin.gr Design-Production: www.paradox.com.gr Tel: +30.210 6560.832