Worcester Medicine - Winter 2023

Page 17

WORCESTER MEDICINE

A.I. In Medicine

Artificial Intelligence in Health Professions Education Anna K. Morin, PharmD, RPh

E

very industry, including healthcare, is looking to better understand the capabilities of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies and how to apply them to optimize outcomes. AI utilizes computer systems and machines (i.e medical devices or robots) to model human problemsolving and decision-making behavior, incorporating mathematical algorithms that acquire knowledge through exposure [1,2]. Within the context of healthcare delivery, AI technologies have been applied to research and drug discovery, to enhance diagnostic capabilities, to personalize treatment plans, to better understand disease progression, and to provide patients with advice and support [1,2]. AI technologies can also be used to support teaching and learning in health professions education. The use of AI in health professions education is not new. Examples of applications of AI in health professions education are outlined below [1,2]: • Personalized learning and tutoring – Platforms are available and in development that can analyze a student’s knowledge level and learning style(s) to provide individualized learning pathways and enable adaptive learning and customized tutoring. • Simulation - The most common way that AI is currently being used in education is through simulation technology, allowing for the practice of various procedures and treatments or the review of more realistic patient cases and patient responses in a safe and controlled environment. Simulation can help students develop skills and gain confidence before working with actual patients. • “Flipped-Classroom” learning – Moving away from traditional lectures and memorization to a “flipped classroom” approach to health professions education provides more flexible learning options and delivery of content. Students view lectures and gather information using resources and AI tools available to them prior to coming to class. They then come together in the classroom to participate in complex simulations or games developed by AI. This educational model allows for interaction with professors, peers, and students in other health professions to evaluate data, think critically, employ problem solving skills, and develop care plans without placing patients at risk. • Assessment and feedback – AI platforms can provide competencybased assessment and immediate feedback for students. • Curriculum review – AI’s ability to predict future trends can be used to identify areas for improvement in curricula, ensuring that health professions education is up to date with advances in technology and best practices. • Enhancement of interprofessional practice and education – AI requires collaboration between health professionals, data scientists, computer engineers, informatics specialists, and others. The previously mentioned simulation platforms can be leveraged to engage students and educators from various disciplines for a team-focused patient-centered care approach. • Administrative workload – Administrative burdens and repetitive tasks (i.e., grading, documentation) associated with delivery of educational programs could be automated by AI, allowing educators to focus more directly on their students.

Winter 2023

AI should be used to supplement and not to replace the work of health professionals and educators. While AI has opened new doors for innovation in health professions education, it is not without risks. In their article on AI in medical education, Cooper and Rodman refer to AI as “A 21st-Century Pandora’s Box”, pointing out that modern technology has both disrupted and enhanced medical education and practice in the past [3]. Concerns associated with AI in both medical education and practice include “hallucinations” (a term the authors use for the ability of AI to make up missing information that is then presented as fact), ethical concerns around student and patient privacy, risk of biases based on incomplete data or the sources used, and a lack of transparency in identifying data sources in the algorithm used to arrive at a particular conclusion. AI includes “chatbots” (i.e., Chat-GPT) that incorporate language models and algorithms to produce text mimicking human thought. Concerns have been raised about maintaining academic standards if students use AI to complete assignments [1,2,3]. While some may consider using these tools as “cheating,” it’s important for students to engage with and understand the capabilities and limitations of this technology. Health professions programs are facing the challenge of incorporating both the use of and training for the use of AI into their curricula [3]. Students need to know how to utilize and evaluate AI in their academics and practices. However, at the same time, educators need to be trained to appropriately prepare students for the use of AI. As a result, some institutions are offering courses or certificate programs that explore AI and machine

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UMass Memorial Health

1min
page 28

In Memoriam - Edward Amaral, MD

2min
page 27

In Memoriam - Christopher Linden, MD

3min
page 27

Book Review - The Masters of Medicine by Andrew Lam, MD

3min
page 26

Legal Consult

6min
pages 24-25

AdCare Hospital

1min
page 24

As I See It

5min
pages 23-24

Is it Time to Rethink How We Teach the Art of the Clinical Interview? A Medical Student Posits the Use of AI to Drill Doctoring and Clinial Skills

5min
page 22

Artificial Intellegence in Nursing

6min
pages 20-21

The Quest for Childhood Injury Prevention - Embodied in Safety Quest

5min
pages 19-20

Cartoon

1min
page 18

Artificial Intelligence in Health Professions Education

5min
pages 17-18

Physicians Insurance

1min
page 16

Pixels, Patterns, and Patients: Radiology Residency in the AI Revolution

5min
pages 15-16

Digital Inclusion of Elderly People: Designing a purposeful serious game interface with memorable music

5min
pages 14-15

Can AI be a Good Doctor?: What measuring a computer's medical ability teaches us about human doctors

6min
pages 12-13

Do Patients Want Artificial Intelligence or Human Intelligence?

5min
pages 11-12

AI Infographic

1min
page 10

AI in Healthcare: Balancing Innovation with Regulation

7min
pages 9-10

Artificial Intelligence in Mental Healthcare: A Story of Hope and Hazard

7min
pages 7-8

Annual Cottle Lecture - The Age of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine

1min
page 7

Music Worcester

1min
page 6

The Doctor Will See You Now

6min
page 5

Editorial

3min
page 4

Reliant Medical Group

1min
page 2
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