Counter projects by Welcome to Jaspers Town

COUNTER PROJECTS PARKING DAY

UTOPIA POVERTY

MIGRATION

PICNIC THE STREETS MANHATTAN PLAN NORTH QUARTER ECOLOGY BRUSSALIZATION FORM

TECHNOLOGY

1970

ROADS

REAL ESTATE ARCHITECTURE STUDIO KU LEUVEN UNIVERSITY / ARCHITECTURE FACULTY SUPERVISED BY: GIDEON BOIE CREATED BY: RANAY UTKELBAYEVA

WTC

COUNTER PROJECTS COUNTER PROPOSALS BRUSSELS

1960-1980

1990-2020 UTOPIAN PROJECTS

WTC

COUNTER PROPOSALS

COUNTER IDEAS

KIND PROTESTS UTOPIAN IDEAS TECHNOLOGY PROPOSAL

1960-1980 It is era of brutalisation, activism, phuturistic architectural design and radical creativity. Brussels: Counter projects were developed at the La Cambre architecture school in the early 1970s under the aegis of Maurice Culot. At that moment Brussels and other cities were faced by brutal urban transformations. The original Brusselization was the type of urban regeneration performed by the city of Brussels in connection with Expo 58. In order to prepare the city for Expo 58, buildings were torn down without regard either to their architectural or historical importance, high-capacity square office/apartment buildings were built, boulevards were created and tunnels dug. Among the most controversial was the large-scale demolition of townhouses for development of the high-rise business district in the Northern Quarter. All of these changes were designed to quickly increase the number of people working and living in the city and improve transportation. The idea of counter projects was to show that for every project tending to destroy the city, there was a realistic alternative. By 1979 the team had produced about 100 counter projects. This production could be divided into 2 periods. The first one was more ludic enthusiastic ideas. And the second one was already more socially-aware, with political knowledge and with activist approach. They succeeded to protect eleven 19-century houses by prominent architects. As a result the demolition works were halted. Utopian architecture: at theat time there appeared such people/companies as Buckminster Fuller, Haus-Rucker-Co, Archigram, Ant farm, Superstudio and others. By their projects ot illustartions they showed the things which they were against. Several of them were realized, such as “Balloon of two” by Haus-Rocker-Co in Vienne. But most of them were just posters and worked as a call to pay attention.

CONTENT Brussels counter projects: WTC Railway connection Brigittine Church Utopian projects: OMA Exodus The Continuous Monument Floating 3-C City Inflatocookbook

Brussels counter projects The original Brusselization was the type of urban regeneration performed by the city of Brussels in connection with Expo 58. In order to prepare the city for Expo 58, buildings were torn down without regard either to their architectural or historical importance, high-capacity square office/apartment buildings were built, boulevards were created and tunnels dug. Among the most controversial was the large-scale demolition of townhouses for development of the high-rise business district in the Northern Quarter. BRUXELLISATION: the last Bourgeoise house in rue Belliard, 248-262. Coll. Fondation CIVA – Sint-Lukasarchief

All of these changes were designed to quickly increase the number of people working and living in the city and improve transportation. Counter projects were developed at the La Cambre architecture school in the early 1970s under the aegis of Maurice Culot. The aim of projects was to show the alternatives of confirmed solutions.

WTC

(1) Poster against “project Manhattan” (2) Poster against ITT tower and for the preservation of the La Cambre Abbey.

Poster of Cureghem Quarter Commitee, against the urban highway // Tunnels in Koekelberg. Coll. CIVA Stichting – Sint-Lukasarchief.

The Northern quarter had attracted the interest of architects since the beginning of the 20th century. Victor Bourgeois proposed a development of parallel slabs along functionalist lines, dubbed The New Brussels, in 1928. Brussels businessmen hoped to make Brussels into the international business center. They took up Victor’s idea again, proposing a Manhattan plan designed by Groupe structures. The highlight of the project was a world trade center: 8 100mhigh office towers set in intersection of two motorways. The ARAU and AAM proposed instead of Manhattan plan a mixed use neighborhood integrating the Brussels north station and melding with the neighborhoods alongside. Some of the counter projects also provided a large public park. The drawing techniques of counter projects were also informed by their role as provocateurs. In order to criticize and expose the architecture community via the general public, counter projects adopted a graphic language that was accessible to all.

The projet d’amagement de la vallee du Maelbeek. A design project for the Maelbeek valley in Brussels (1971-1973)

This production could be divided into 2 periods. The first one was more ludic enthusiastic ideas. And the second one was already more socially-aware, with political knowledge and with activist approach. The second period was shown in axonometry. Petit ChĂ˘teau Quarter, 1976. Architects Jean-Pierre HOA, Philippe LEFEBVRE-BRANDES, Elie LEVY, Caroline MIEROP & Anne VAN LOO // La Cambre Students (Didier ANGE& Brigitte BUYSSENS )

North - South connection The connection between 2 stations began in 1911 and finished in 1950 (north station). The cut and cover construction created a gash between two parts and the demolitions it involved created a caesura between upper and lower towns.

North-South connection

By the early 1970 La Cambre students came up with an overall development plan for the area between Brussels south station and the botanical gardens. The city was here to be reconstituted on the human scale respecting the scale of the earlier buildings and the alignments of the old streets. Emphasis was placed on pedestrian circulation with greenways and covered arcades, the integration of existing building into the urban fabric, and a mix of housing, employment and artisan production. Rehabilitation of the Grenadiers Quarter, 1974-1978 (unknown author) Archives dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Architecture Moderne

Brigittine Church

Brigittine Church. Collaboration of Italian Architect Andrea Bruno and SUM Project. 2007

Andrea Bruno and SumProject have chosen to leave the existing chapel, which is listed as a monument, untouched. The chapel became an “empty” multifunctional space for performances. All the support services were moved to a new adjacent volume. The extension was designed with the same volumetry as the original chapel, as if it were its contemporary clone. Within highly fragmented urban fabric this new building emerges as a guardian angel towards the fragile baroque building. The new volume hosts the reception rooms for the public, a restaurant, offices, a small theatre for 100 spectators, a repetition room, a residence for artists as well as all technical facilities for both buildings When architectural archives, the Archives d’Architecture Moderne, ARAU and the SintLukasarchief, also different campaign and activists did join forces in 1988, this created a great effect. They succeed to protect eleven 19-century houses by prominent architects.

MONUMENT ABANDON: château Charle-Albert, 1869, Watermael-Boitsfort.

Utopian projects Exodus, by Rem Koolhaas, Elia and Zoe Zenghelis, Madelon Vriesendorp

OMA Exodus

The Continuous Monument

Archigram, Instant City

Exodus is a project which followed the example of Berlin Wall. Two walls run east and west in historical London. The strip in the project is like a runway cerating new architecture of collective monuments.It is a clearing zone which consists of a number of squares with own program and scenario. It unites a lot of functions. It is possible to enjoy both total privacy and intense community experience. The Continuous Monument, by Superstudio

It is a model of total urbanization by Superstudio. It demonstrated that to their mind the contemporary urban planning was an absurd. They show that today there is no difference between natural and artificial. They opened a new way of hybrid phylosophy about reconstructing the relationship between nature and architecture, which are united in one single design.

Floating 3-C City, by Artfarm

Floating 3-C City

it is an independent of any governance or political demarcations project. 3 C means climate, convention and cruise. It is a utopian project which intends to accommodate people in a healthy atmosphere of debates and discussions. Nature, greenhouses, gardens, farms, animals and solar panels also are thought out in the project. The project meant to be a floating city without any national borders, where people can come together, to live where they want and discuss what they prefer. Inflatocookbook, by Artfarm

Inflatocookbook

Supersurface

It is counter reaction to the brutalist movement. Anti farm proposed infliatable architecture, which was cheap, easy to transport and quick to assemble. It didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have a strict structure, neither fixed forms. It didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have representational plans or sections. This is type of participatory architecture, where users could control their environment themselves. It was intended for festivals, conferences, lectures, workshops etc.

1990-2020

CONTENT

With the appearing of new technology the approach to counter projects or activism in architecture is changed as well. For this there could be used social nets, to gather people or to popularise the ides. For instance “Parking day”, “PicNic the streets”.

Kind protests: PARKing day PicNic the Streets

New digital tools also used today for online programs, which help to regulate urban changes, help people, debate. For instance on Copenhagen architecture festival was demonstrated a research and debate platform (from Denmark). The idea was a collective discussion of the future of their cities, taking into account different people from different spheres, not only architecture.

Counter proposals: Parckfarm Hurrican Maria memorial

Nevertheless old priciples and approaches a left, such as utopian ideas and counter proposals. It is not so popular nowadays, as there are many international competitions are made, what in some cases also could be supposed as counter proposals, in official way.

Utopian ideas: Border Oasis

Overall nowadays we could see: kind protests, counter proposals, utopian ideas and technology proposal.

Technology ideas: Society Lab The HOME-FOR ALL

Kind protests PARKing day

PARKing day

PicNic the Streets

The idea came to Rebar - a design studio, which works on art and activism. The meaning of PARKing day is to show how we could redesign our urban space and how much space there are for vehicles and so little for public gathering. PARKing day event is not a complaint or a protest. It proposes and shows to the public and society an alternative way and welcome them to participate and to experience. It inspires other people and brings them other ideas of changing spaces. PicNic the Streets It is a civil movement in the heart of Brussels. It was organized via Twitter and Facebook social nets. In a moment thousands of users confirmed their presence on the event. Picnic the Streets differs from the typical protests or strikes. It was a kind and enjoyful method to ask the government to pay attention. Later on PicNic streets were organized in different places in Brussels, but with not such success as the first event.

Counter proposals Parckfarm

Parckfarm

It was made on the base of results of public open competitions formed by designer, local actor and regional farmer.The aim was to show the different ways to make public spaces. Nevertheless the project was made with support of municipalities, it could be called as a counter project as it shows the alternative ideas for public spaces including social events. It is one of the projects where the pre-opening had a large success. The project is made FOR people. Hurricane Maria memorial

Hurricane Maria memorial

Hurricane Maria happened in the period of September - October of 2017. It devastated Dominica, St.Croix and Puerto Rico. Architecture students of Puerto Rico made a counter projects for the proposed memorial by the governor. By this activism they showed the mismanagement of resources and aid after the hurricane, and they were still living there and struggling with hurricane left effects.

Utopian ideas Border Oasis by office Kersten Geers David Van Severen and Wonne Ickx

Border Oasis

It is a collage for a border crossing point between Mexico and Texas. It is one of the examples of para architecture: the border crossing as oasis, the metamorphosis of a place that symbolizes exclusion, fear and humiliation into a place where it is pleasant to stay. In this instance a camp-like situation is transformed into a heterotopian sanctuary. Quake city, Conflict Space 4 by Lebbeus Woods

Quake city, “Inhabiting the Quake” (1995) by Lebbeus Woods

“Conflict Space 4” (2006) by Lebbeus Woods

Once Lebbeus Woods wrote: “War is architecture. Architecture is a war”. By his works he proposed an architecture of conflict: between the static and the dynamic, the organic and the orthogonal, the constructive and the destructive forces shaping the city. He works with disruptive forces whether they are manmade or natural.

Technology ideas Society lab

Society lab

The project was created for Finland. The goal is to help to movement and road asylum to find a place where they could be a part of society and settle home. The concept is to make a program for seekers, to use the vacant buildings, to optimise and merge all resources. Thus there would no need in unnecessary constructions. The society and functions of zones will be mixed. There would not be separated zone for migrants. The project intends to have several periods for seekers. The first part is 12 months - a person should learn language, adapt and compensate with working activity. Later in the next periond asylum seeker would be more confident and would be able to pay for accomodation himself. The HOME-FOR-ALL

The HOME-FOR-ALL

Community houses are built in the areas of temporary housing and fishing harbors. The usage of the houses range from gathering spaces for people who live in temporary housing, places for communities to recover, play spaces for kids and bases to rebuild the agriculture and fishery industry.

WTC COUNTER IDEAS

CONTENT Migration: Reference project Inclusive mixed use

Migartion is a big question of the 21st century. Urban plan will not work if we donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t provide facilities and conditions for people Because of the city population rise there is a big lack of playgrounds in Brussels. Probably every apartment building should provide own playground for children.

Pandemic proposals

MIXED USE

Form and materials could show the difference of functions.

Playgrounds

FORM

Is it necessary to leave same form of building, if everything will be demolished except cores?

Routes

MIGRATION LIVING+ PLAYGROUNDS

The population is growing up and it is understandable that city will rise up either expand. Belgium is not so big and it goes up, but could it still be left on human scale visually (perceptionally)?

HUMAN SCALE, BUT STILL HIGH-RISE

PANDEMIC CONDITIONS

Did it effect on architecture? Should we take it into account and change approach or concepts in buildings?

Form Human scale Functions

€ GOVERNMENT SPACE OF CLIENT TEMPORARY LIVING OPPORTUNITY

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Every big project, with support of government, could implement such type of temporary housing for migrants for a period. Such projects will have an organisation which will structure the work, follow the situation, provide the job opportunities.

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Temporary living opportunity for migrants

Taking as a reference “Society Lab” finnish app project, such buildings could make a system in a city. It would show empty housing places, job opportunities and social activities.

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Growing food

Organise and provide services

Temporary living and job places

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building sport competition open cinema

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building different types of jobs

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building “project”

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How it could look like:

PRODUCE

use services

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As here is a temporary housing for migrants, they need a job for a period until the moment when theyBYbecome more independent and VERSION PRODUCED AN AUTODESK STUDENT adapted.

USERS (INHABITANTS)

The projectBYcould a range ofSTUDENT vacancies. VERSION PRODUCED AN offer AUTODESK In turn their work could be distributed by companies/offices and could be used by local inhabitants and neighbors.

Children care Language courses Cafeteris (cooking) And so on ...

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In parallel they could learn language, get to know the city and people. After an adaptation period, when they become more independent person they will find a full time permanent job and housing (the period of living in such projects should be same to all, for instance 6 months)

JOB OPPORTUNITY EXAMPLES:

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Inclusive mixed use could be achieved by including everyone in the process not just putting the zones apart each other.

use production

INCLUSIVE MIXED USE

PANDEMIC Pandemia makes us to rethink the design and urban approaches, to add extra questions, to imagine in advance. Several needs for people in isolation are: - to have a fresh air - to walk (balcony is not enough) - to communicate For this the high rise buildings could be divided by “social floors”. In usual time it could be commercial floor. The commercial space should be flexible, in order it would be possible fastly to remove. In isolation time it could be an open space which will accommodate only allowed amount of people (that’s why the building could be divided several times). People will have an opportunity to communicate to each other (following distance rules), working remotely (if there are no conditions in living apartment), make workouts.

Also in holidays time it could be removed and become a place for celebrating with neighbors. There could be provided social activities, which will rally people and help to get to know the neighbors.

Apartments “Social floors”

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“Social floors”: commersial space (usual times) social space (lockdown times) neighbor space (holidays)

commercial time - closed (glassed) lockdown time - opened (for fresh air), with railings

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The area of the “social floor” depends on amount of inhabitants (may be it is not essential to make the full floor) PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Thus the client of the building will have still a profit (from commercial time), people will have interactive space for holidays and a space for the lockdown measures.

Visitors

Residents

In WTC the commercial space will have entrance for visitors only from common ground open space. The common elevator of residents will be blocked for them.

The facade of such floors:

Flow:

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Playground

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.5 3-4

Growing food

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PLAYGROUNDS

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.1 5 m

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Another idea about walking opportunities is to make such an open round. It should be accesible from a common space, i.g. staircase (it shouldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t work as a private balcony). People could walk/run/have fresh air.

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In a period of pandemic there is needed a distance outside. Brussels (and as the other most part of Europe) has rather narrow pedestrian roads, what makes impossibe to follow the rules. Especially in crowded places the pedestrian part should be wide enough for passing people.

Current situation in Brussels for the playgrounds is not appropriate. The city is rather dense. Apartment buildngs in Brussels should provide own playground for the residents.

ROUTES

Apartment building

Hotel

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Office space

Greenery

Playground Migrantsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; temporary housing

Visitors of common space Migrants Office workers Hotel guests Residents of apartemnt building

The diagrams show the routes of main visitors. The functions of the complex mostly stay the same.

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FORM The form concept is showed schematically

Existing core which wanted to be safe. They were for office buildings.

Connect previous â&#x20AC;&#x153;officeâ&#x20AC;?parts

Possible location of hotel and apartment parts

Hotel

Apartments

Possible hotel organization (mostly need one view, but also could be provided two)

It is always to have several view windows

hotel

offic es

apartments

Proposed location and outline

FORM

HUMAN SCALE

The form concept is showed schematically Apartmentsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; part

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Hotel

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Offices

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The height change will bring more sunlight inside.

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Also the height change makes the building more interesting and gives more interactive spaces.

The hotel could provide as simple rooms as rooms with outside spaces.

Typical housing (as materials as form) PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

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The high rise building process is unavoidable. But we could save human scale perception by form and functions. On the first floors could be put typical housing forms with different materials.

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TEMPORARY HOUSING There are two options of temporary housing location. The first one it could be located where the typical housing is. Wherein everyone would have separate entrances.

hotel

ing

s hou g

sin

hou g

sin

hou

Apartments’ part

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Offices

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Migrants’ temporary housing

Office workers Temporary housing tenants Hotel guests

TEMPORARY HOUSING The second option is to mix temporary housing zones with office spaces. In this cases office spaces will be divided into two parts. As companies rent less spaces it will not disturb it. Still temporary housing tenants will have a separate route.

Apartments’ part

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Offices

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Migrants’ temporary housing

Office workers Temporary housing tenants

Rue Willem De Mol

SITE PLAN ChaussĂŠe dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Anvers

Boulevard Simon Bolivar

Boulevard

Brussels North Station

Office workers Hotel guests Temporary housing residents Apartment residents Possible connection of public space

Boulevard Simon Bolivar

WTC III

First floor apartments

playground

green zone

temporary housing / hotel (upstairs)

Tour&Taxis / Canal

Boulevard Simon Bolivar

Public space

offic e

Maximillien Park

As it was in the initial concept there will be provided green zone and own playground space.