2009
A SPECIAL FEATURE OF
THE WELLINGTON ADVERTISER MAY 29, 2009
PAGE TWO
- EQUINE -
MAY 29, 2009
Horsing around at Fairgrounds with Equi-fest on June 7 ORANGEVILLE – The fairgrounds here is the place to be on for horse lover on June 7 for Equi-fest 2009. The day begins with registration for horses and riders at 8:15am with the opening ceremonies taking place at 9am. Spectators are welcome. They can learn new skills from the sidelines; talk to people from all walks of life who share a passion for horses; and visit a wide variety of vendors and equine practitioners. This is the third annual Equi-fest - a “just-for-fun” day of non-competitive events for horse-lovers, their friends, families, and equine companions. Organized by the Women Horse Owners Association (WHOA), it is a registered Horse Week (Ontario Equestrian Federation and Equine
Canada) event - http://www.equinecanada.ca. Elaine Capes, chairman of WHOA, is excited about the new activities planned for this year; the Hoof Beat Outriders, an all-woman drill team from Orillia, will put on two shows. They were a big hit at the Royal Agricultural Winter Fair, and the Can-Am. And, at high noon, a team of wranglers from Rawhide Adventures will demonstrate the skill of cow herding, explaining why horses love it.” In addition to shows and demonstrations, there will be a wide variety of on-horse clinics in Western and English disciplines, run by an impressive list of local professional trainers, coaches and competitors: - Brian Keir and John McCormick, barrel racing;
- Claire Hunter, jumping; - Erica Dale, turn-n-burn, barrel racing; - Heather Collinge, balanced riding; - Joanne Milton, reining, and side saddle; - Kenneth Hodges, Equifest master of ceremonies and conformation coach; - Ruth Vale, harnessing and driving; - Summer McEwan, dressage; - Tamara Taylor, Gymkhanna games; and - Tina Horne, western drill. Tickets for the one-day event are: spectators $5; rider and horse $60. That provides entry into all clinics for the day, WHOA member and horse $40; stall rental extra, if required. Those interested can contact WHOA
by email w.h.o.a@sympatico.ca, or by calling 705-434-0081. Visit www.WomenHorseOwnersAssoc.com for further information and registration details. Fees for those wanting extra services include: - Horse and Rider $60, for entry to all clinics throughout the day; - Horse and WHOA member $40 (annual membership $25, email w.h.o.a@sympatico.ca, with advance registration recommended; - Horse transportation available from Trillium Transport. Call Ed 519-942-3756 for fees; and - stall rental $40 (includes shavings, book ahead).
On-line survey to consider the economic role of equine industry
FROM THE COVER Life is good - This yearling appears to be enjoying himself in the good weather. His name is Canadian Pacific, and he is a Canadian warmblood stud colt, by Travis Hall Equestrian Centre Stallion Pacific Star STV. photo courtesy of Judy Johnson
GUELPH - How important is the horse industry to rural Ontario? That is the question researchers at the University of Guelph would like to be able to answer. The latest census of agriculture completed in 2006 reported that the horse sector showed the greatest increase out of all of the agricultural sectors in the province. In fact, horses have been gaining in popularity consistently over the past 10 to 15 years, and in some regions, particularly those in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), they have even surpassed such traditional agricultural commodities as poultry and egg, beef cattle, and vegetable production in terms of gross farm receipts. There are several connections between the vitality and growth of the equine industry and the economic success of rural regions in Ontario. Contrary to some popular misconceptions, horses are not a waste of valuable farmland. Quite the opposite actually,
SUMMER CAMPS
as the equine industry contributes to a wide range of economic activity in rural areas across the province. For example, horse owners will often spend quite a bit of money on their horses and their properties, which can result in economic spin-offs for local businesses. An Equine Canada report, completed by Vel Evans in 2004, pointed out that the average property improvement investment for the horse industry is $8,777, compared to $1,740 for farmers in other sectors. In a survey of members of the Ontario Equestrian Federation completed by Bronwynne Wilton in 2007, 30% of respondents had built an indoor arena since taking ownership of their property, 46% reported building new barns for their horses, and 91% reported installing new fencing on their properties. That translates to a significant investment in the rural
landscape and if local businesses can cater to this sector, there can be positive impacts in the surrounding community. We also know that horse owners present a unique and consistent market for high quality hay for their horses. According to Joel Bagg of OMAFRA, there are approximately 300,000 horses in Ontario and these horses consume approximately 750,000 tonnes of hay every year. If the number of horses continues to increase in the province, the potential market for quality horse hay will continue to improve for Ontario farmers. The equine industry also brings an important and unique tourism element to the Ontario countryside. Both through the racing industries and through the sport horse competitions such as show-jumping, dressage, eventing, and rodeos (to name just a few), there are important spin-off effects for rural communities that welcome and promote the horse
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industry. Given all of those real and potential benefits of horses to rural Ontario, it is critical to gain a better understanding of the true scope of the industry across the province. Several state horse councils in the United States have conducted economic analysis projects of the horse industry within their states, however, similar data is lacking or out of date in Ontario. As a first step in creating a greater awareness of the role of the horse industry across the province, researchers at the University of Guelph are inviting people to participate in an on-line survey that is available on the Equine Guelph website at http://www.equineguelph.ca/. The direct link is: http://www.surveymonkey.co m/s.aspx?sm=6RuuO1Nq_2b PAePt2sLbJ7wQ_3d_3d. Researchers hope anyone involved in any sector of the equine industry in Ontario will participate in the survey. Anyone wanting to become more involved in the project, may also contact the researcher, Dr. Bronwynne Wilton, at bwilton@uoguelph.ca. The results of the project will be used to learn more about the scope of the equine industry in Ontario and to develop new projects aimed at supporting the equine industry as part of a strong and vital rural Ontario. Results will be made publicly available upon completion of the project.
MAY 29, 2009
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PAGE THREE
OVC opens large animal isolation unit A state-of-the-art largeanimal isolation unit that will set a new standard in patient housing and infection control opened today at the University of Guelph's Ontario Veterinary College. In the isolation facility, potentially infectious animals will be separated from other patients, especially horses that are being admitted for elective medical/surgical evaluations or other procedures. Animals showing signs of infectious disease will immediately be directed to the isolation unit.
The 9,000-square-foot facility includes 12 separated stalls — each with its own nursing station — video monitoring from a central station and sophisticated diagnostic equipment. Each stall has dual access with interior and exterior doors, which will improve the efficiency and working conditions for staff and clinicians. "It's very exciting to be opening the doors of this long-awaited facility," said OVC dean Elizabeth Stone. "We've always provided innovative health-care serv-
ices, and this new unit gives our clients yet another reason to be confident in our ability to provide the best care possible." Located in the southwest corner of the OVC complex, the isolation facility serves as the anchor for the new OVC Health Sciences Centre, which will include the new Pathobiology Building and Animal Health Laboratory and the Hill's Pet Nutrition Primary Healthcare Centre, both scheduled for completion in 2010; an animal cancer care centre; an equine sports
medicine and reproduction centre; and other improvements to the OVC Teaching Hospital. Construction of the isolation centre was funded through infrastructure grants from the federal and provincial governments, with additional support from the University.
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PAGE FOUR
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MAY 29, 2009
Masterfeeds, Equine Canada announce Canadian partnership Equine Canada and Masterfeeds Inc. have announced a partnership to raise funds for the Canadian Equestrian Team enroute to the Alltech FEI World Equestrian Games in Kentucky in 2010. This fall, Equine Canada
and Masterfeeds will launch a year-long fundraising initiative leading up to the 2010 Games. Official FEI Games apparel and merchandise, with net proceeds going to the Canadian Equestrian Team, will be available at the Equine Canada and
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Masterfeeds exhibit at major Canadian events such as The Royal Agricultural Winter Fair and Spruce Meadows. In addition, the official treat of the Canadian Equestrian Team will be sold at participating Masterfeeds dealerships across Canada – with a percentage of proceeds donated to the team. All eyes will be transfixed
on the Kentucky Horse Park as the 16-day competition, from Sept. 25 to Oct. 2010, sees the largest movement of horses since World War II. The games are expected to attract 800,000 spectators, 800 athletes, and 900 horses from around the globe. The eight disciplines of the games include: show jumping, dressage, eventing, driving, endurance, vaulting,
reining and para-dressage. Earlier this year, Masterfeeds Inc. was named as Canada’s first official Gold Feed partner of the Alltech FEI World Equestrian Games. “Not only are we extremely proud to be a partner of the Games, but now given our new relationship with Equine Canada, we can leverage our brand and distribution across the
country to raise funds for the Canadian Equestrian Team,” said Rob Flack, president of Masterfeeds. The World Equestrian Games represent the world championships for eight equestrian sports. The games are held every four years, two years prior to the Olympic Games.
Obey the laws when approaching horses on roads A recent accident where a vehicle killed a valuable horse being ridden on back roads has prompted horse users to provide information to protect everyone using the public roads.
Did you know in Ontario a horse and rider or horse-drawn vehicle has the right of way on most roads? Did you know that frightening a horse on the road is in fact a ticketable offence of the
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The Highway Traffic Act, which states, "Approaching ridden or driven horses, etc. … Every person having the control or charge of a motor vehicle or motor assisted bicycle on a highway, when approaching a horse or other animal that is drawing a vehicle or being driven, led or ridden, shall operate, manage and control the motor vehicle or motor assisted bicycle so as to exercise every reasonable precaution to prevent the frightening of the horse or other animal and to ensure the safety and protection of any person driving, leading or riding upon the horse or other animal or being in any vehicle drawn by the horse or other animal."
Horses have minds of their own, like small children, and as can often behave in ways that do not seem logical to humans. Experienced horse riders ask that the motoring public slow down, especially on dirt or gravel roads where debris might be flung at riders and horses, causing not only injury, but also unexpected behaviour from the horses. Horse riders may be encountered on roadways during all seasons. Be especially careful during winter months where riders’ options are limited if the horse does something unpredictable. If coming across a frightened horse, stop until the horse is back under control.
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Tree lined drive; renovated century 3 bedroom brick farmhouse with 2 jacuzzi tubs; 77 acres (70 workable); 14 box-stall barn with heated tack room; large workshop with water, bathroom, 2 lg roll-up doors (combine sized) & concrete floor. Miss this one at your peril!
This 5BR, 3300 sq ft, century stone farmhouse has all the character, charm & quality of yesteryear - beautiful stone work, newer cedar shingle roof, centre hall entrance/staircase plan leading to large principle rooms with high ceilings, pine plank flooring and amazing woodwork. House needs interior updating. 18 box stall bankbarn currently a boarding facility, multiple electrobraid paddocks with run-ins, outdoor sandring. Approx 50 acres in hayfields. All this and only 10 min Southwest of Guelph!
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You won’t find a more stunning acreage anywhere! 24 acre Country Estate located in Puslinch, mins east of Cambridge. Restored Century Stone farmhouse set amongst towering trees, overlooking large pond, gently rolling pastures and perennial gardens. House upgrades include kitchen granite counters, built-in appliances and fabulous solarium with exposed stone wall. 2 barns, several paddocks, hayfields & hardwood bush complete with cabin.
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529,000
Enjoy peaceful morning sunrises and evening sunsets from deck and front porch of the custom -built board and batton, 3br bungalow overlooking farm fields and conservation land. Pine plank flooring, huge country kitchen, solarium, partially finished w/o basement, Energy Efficient Geothermal Heating, brand new roof. All on 23 acres with 2 horse paddocks, 3 stall barn and walling trails through woods.
CENTURY STONE FARMHOUSE ON 7 ACRES $
527,000
Stately century stone farmhouse set up on a hill amongst tower maples and overlooking countryside. A diamond in the rough! Centre hall staircase, pine plank flooring, 9’ ceilings, deep baseboards -they don’t make them like this anymore! Income potential from 3BR apartment at back of the house. 7 acres of pasture and steel shed.
SOLD
CAN’T BEAT THE LOCATION Ideally suited for gentleman farmer or someone with storage needs. 46 pristine acres minutes north of Guelph on Hwy 6, YET TOTALLY PRIVATE FROM ROAD VIEW. 3300+ sq ft, upgraded 5BR tudor style home with main floor inlaw suite or master BR with ensuite. Vaulted ceiling LR with hardwood flooring & fireplace insert. Modern steel sided barn buildings by Post Farm Structures include 36’x80’ driveshed, 40’x100’ barn and 40’x60’ hay barn. Plenty of parking for farm or heavy equipment. 2 large pastures, pond and hardwood bush.
SOLD
New Price
IDEAL FOR PROFESSIONAL HORSEMEN OR BOARDING FACILITY $ 1,100,000
Private 40acre horse farm located minutes north of Guelph. Includes restored 4BR circa1911 red brick farmhouse, detached 2 car garage with 2nd floor 2BR staff apartment, 12 boxstall horsebarn with attached indoor arena and attached hay/shavings storage areas, outdoor dressage ring, outdoor jump field, 5 paddocks, 2 hay fields & 18 Fence Cross-Country Course!
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SUPERB EQUESTRIAN FACILITY - MINUTES EAST OF CAMBRIDGE! $929,000
Tired of in town chaos and congestion? Check out this 2700sqft, 4BR, upgraded century stone farmhouse located on 127 acres with Carroll Creek running through; just 5 min west of Elora, 20 min to Waterloo. Enjoy amazing views and sunsets, or strolls through wooded trails along creek valley. Heated inground pool provides endless hours of summer entertainment. Outbuildings include bankbarn, steel barn suitable for horses and driveshed.
47 acre horsefarm featuring 34 boxstall barn with washstall, heated tack, feedroom & attached 75'x 145' indoor arena with heated viewing room. 105' x 125' fenced outdoor sandring with floodlights. Adjacent bank barn loft provides hay and shavings storage, and workshop. 2 cement manure storage areas. Four 35 acre pastures & 5 individual turnouts with hydro & water, electrobraid fencing. Approx 12 acres in hay. Remodelled board/batton house suitable for barn staff or trainer.
MAY 29, 2009
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PAGE FIVE
Standardbred show returns but with different format In 2008, the inaugural Standardbred Showcase horse show was held. The horse show was open to Standardbreds only and was organized to promote the versatility of the Standardbred by offering classes in a variety or English, western and driving disciplines. The success of the show, along with the Standardbred-only horse shows put on by the Ontario Standardbred Adoption Society in the past have resulted in the Ontario Standardbred Show Series being formed this year.
The series is a group of three Standardbred-only horse shows, each being run independently but the points from each show in the series being accumulated for year end awards. The shows in the series are being organized by Oxer Stables, to be held in Milton on June 28, Standardbred Showcase Riding Club to be held at Grand River Raceway on Aug. 2, and O.S.A.S. to be held at County Heritage Park on Aug. 28. The awards banquet will be held at Grand River Raceway in the fall.
The Standardbred Showcase Riding Club (SSRC) is a non profit volunteer organization whose focus is to promote the breed as a riding, showing and pleasure driving horse. "There are enough groups promoting the adoption side. We feel there is a lack of advocacy for them as a show horse and we are out to advance that." said Kelly McLaughlin, SSRC president. The group is continually looking for support and sponsorship for the horse show this year and is grateful that Grand River
Caledon Equestrian Park kicked off 2009 season PALGRAVE – The 2008 Olympic silver medalists Mac Cone, Jill Henselwood, and Ian Millar will join many of Canada’s top grand prix riders at the Caledon Equestrian Park this month. “As the new season begins at the Caledon Equestrian Park, we are delighted that so many of our equestrian athletes have chosen to show with us this spring,” said Craig Collins.. “We would like to extend a warm welcome to all members of the community to join us for our opening events.” The first competition ended May 17 but the second one runs May 20 to 24; with each week featuring a
$20,000 open welcome (Friday), a $10,000 modified grand prix (Saturday) and a $50,000 grand prix (Sunday at 2pm). Equestrian Management Group has received a record number of entries for the spring series Classic at Palgrave Phase 1 and Caledon National shows, having booked over nine hundred stalls. There will be horses competing from Wednesday through Sunday in the site’s six competition rings and spectators are always welcome. The park features an onsite restaurant and an equestrian related vendor area. Equestrian Management
Raceway has offered its facility to run the horse show on the Sunday of Industry Day Week, but there are several expenses including ribbons, equipment costs and ambulance fees that need to be covered. There are opportunities to sponsor classes at a cost
of $100 each, donate product for prizes, register as a trade fair vendor or general cash donations. The website w w w . s t a n d ardbredshowcase.com is now operating and contains all the current information with respect to the horse show and a section devoted
For all your horse fencing & building supplies
Group has been operating horseshows at the Caledon Equestrian Park since 1986, and continues to push forward. It will host the inaugural Canadian Show Jumping Championships Sept. 23 to 27, featuring world class competition. Looking forward, many upgrades and changes will be happening at the park in preparation for the 2015 Pan American Games. The park has been selected as the equestrian venue if Toronto wins the bid. The Caledon Equestrian Park is located just east of Palgrave at 200 Pine Avenue. For more information please visit www.equiman.com.
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specifically to recognizing those individuals and organizations who have committed to supporting and sponsoring the show this year. For further information please visit the website or contact Kelly McLaughlin at 905-335-8115.
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PAGE SIX
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MAY 29, 2009
Open house set for June 20 to introduce smooth riding Paso Fino horses The Paso Fino is the oldest true native breed of horse in the Americas. It was the mount of the Spanish conquistadors. The ancestors of today’s Paso Fino came to America on the second voyage of Christopher Columbus. The Paso Fino is a mixture of three European breeds – the Andalusian, the Barb, and the Spanish Jennet. The Paso Fino inherited the exquisite gait of the Jennet and, over time, became known as Los Caballos de Paso Fino – “The horses with the fine step.” Naturally quick and surefooted, their hooves are very durable. Paso Finos vary in
size from 13.2 to 15.2 hands, with the average being around 14.2 hands. The horse has a beautiful, flowing mane and tail. They can be found in every equine colour including bay, black, buckskin, palomino, chestnut, gray, roan, and even pinto. Although not well known in Canada, the Paso Fino is gaining great popularity among the horse savvy community. The long held secret is getting out as more and more horse enthusiasts are looking for a comfortable ride combined with great versatility. The Paso Fino is a naturally gaited horse. It can walk, canter and gallop like other horses,
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but its preferred way of going is its own four-beat gait. The Paso Fino will produce a wonderfully smooth ride at three primary speeds: Classic Fino, Paso Corto and Paso Largo. The difference between those gaits exists in the degrees of collection and extension. Strong, willing, intelligent, enthusiastic, proud, loving, and mischievous are some of the traits of the Paso Fino. They are a “people-oriented” horse that enjoys human companionship and always strive to please. The Paso Fino is a very versatile animal that can be enjoyed everywhere from the show ring to the cow pen to the trail. Paso Finos make for a great, comfortable trail ride mount. Their smooth gait transcends any other for covering the trail. At the Paso Corto, the horse can travel quickly, while the rider sits as comfortably as at the walk. Imagine a long trail ride with no bouncing just gliding. That’s why Paso Fino lovers say they have the smoothest ride in the world. To learn more about the Paso Fino Horse, visit Forest Gait Farm on June 20 from 10am to 4pm, when the Doors Open Fergus-Elora and the ‘Central Canada Paso Fino Horse Association’ (CCPFHA) will host an open house and meet the breed. At the farm, Paso Fino horses will demonstrate their unique gait and visitors have the opportunity to go on a test ride. Forest Gait Farm is located at 8122 Eramosa-Garafraxa Townline, southeast of Fergus. For more information contact Marijean Harris at 519787-2909 or email info@forestgaitfarm.com.
Easy rider Marijean Harris, of Forest Gait Farm, rides a Paso Fino Stallion - a horse becoming known for its easy gait.
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EQUINE feature
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PASO FINO - The Paso Fino horse inherited a magnificent gait and offers a very smooth ride. There will be an open house at Forest Gait Farm June 20 for those interested in learning more about the animal, which is becoming better known in Canada.
CENTRAL CANADA PASO FINO HORSE ASSOCIATION presents
A GAITED HORSE FUN SHOW
Location: Erin Fairgrounds, Erin, Ontario Date: Sunday, August 16th Lots of fun classes, lots of great prizes, lots of good times! For more info contact Camilla Willings 519-848-6326 or email: finavistafarm@hotmail.com
and
COME MEET THE PASO FINO BREED During ‘Doors Open Fergus-Elora’ Location: Forest Gait Farm 8122 Eramosa/Garafraxa Townline, Fergus. Date: Saturday, June 20th from 10:00 am to 4:00 pm A fun-filled day of Latin music and food Demos of the Paso Fino’s unique gait and test rides. If you've ever wanted to try a Paso Fino... here is your chance! For more info contact Marijean Harris at 519-787-2909 or email: info@forestgaitfarm.com.
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MAY 29, 2009
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PAGE SEVEN
Controlling mosquitoes on horse farms and rural properties by Dr. Bob Wright Lead Veterinarian, Equine and Alternate Species Since 1999, the spread of West Nile virus across North America has brought with it a number of challenges. The first preventive measure, and the least challenging, is to vaccinate all horses with the standard 2-shot West Nile virus vaccine. That is followed with booster vaccinations as recommended by a veterinarian. The greatest challenge is how to control the mosquitoes responsible for spreading the virus. There are approximately 75 species of mosquitoes in Canada, all of which hatch their eggs in water and feed on
blood. Mosquitoes that feed on both birds and mammals tend to predominate in late summer. It is the control of those species, the so-called "bridging vectors," that is critical in preventing the transfer of West Nile virus from infected birds to mammals such as horses and humans. The mosquito’s entire life cycle can be completed in less than 10 days if the temperature is favourable. The mosquito species of concern with respect to the spread of West Nile virus is Culex pipiens. Those are thought to be the primary bridging vector in the transfer of West Nile virus from infected birds to humans and horses. A fertilized Culex female can
survive over winter in sheltered places such as animal burrows, cellars, and sewers, emerging in the spring to take a blood meal prior to laying her eggs. Reducing breeding areas Culex mosquitoes breed in stagnant water. Therefore, eliminating standing water and reducing the breeding sites is the first line of defence against mosquito bites and West Nile virus. The following methods are used: - identify areas where water accumulates after a one-centimeter rainfall, including depressions and tire ruts. If the water remains for more than seven days, you have a potential mosquito-breeding site. Mark those areas on a site map
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for assessment after each significant rainfall and for employing prevention options. Fill in depressions and ruts. - Eliminate structures that accumulate water wherever possible. Those include cans, jars, discarded tires, clogged roof gutters, yard decorations and stock tanks. Empty bird baths every other day. Cover rain barrels with a tight-fitting fly screening. - Identify locations of catch basins and entrances to drains where water accumulates. Those areas may require application of larvicidal treatments. Unclog ditches to allow water to flow. Use a sump pump to drain water from temporary pools that may accumulate on a
property. - Drain or cover swimming pools, wading pools, or similar conveniences that are not in use. Use appropriate pool chemicals to ensure water does not stagnate. Consider opening the pool in early April to prevent larva development that can occur if the pool is not opened until late May or June. - Drill large holes in old tires used to hold down tarps so that water drains. - Aerators or any method that creates water surface movement in ponds, e.g., windmill-driven aerators, will reduce or prevent mosquitoes from breeding. - Consult the Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR)
before stocking any natural water body with fish. Artificial ponds can be stocked with fish (bass, rainbow trout) that eat mosquito larvae. Do not stock ponds that have an outflow to natural water sources with nonnative fish. - Goldfish can be used in stock tanks that are not being emptied every three to four days. They will control both algae growth and mosquito larvae. - Wetlands must not be drained or altered in any way, unless there is an exceptional circumstance of significant human health risk from disease vector mosquitoes. Consultation with, and permission
Continued on next page
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PAGE EIGHT
- EQUINE -
MAY 29, 2009
Controlling mosquitoes on horse farms and rural properties Continued from page seven from, the MNR and appropriate Conservation Authority would be required. Taking precautions to protect against mosquito bites is the second line of defence. Use an insect repellent on yourself and on horses and apply according to label directions. Apply initially to horses in small areas in case a horse is sensitive to the product. Several products containing pyrethrin, resmethrin and permethrin are available for use on horses. They can be found in various concentrations, formulated as sprays, wipe-ons and ointments. Those products are more effective as fly repellents than mosquito repellents. DEET-based repellents are the most effective. There is only one DEET-based insect repellent registered for use on both horses and riders: Vet Tek Mustang PCP No. 22000. It is currently being reformulated from a 35% to a 30% DEETbased product. In a study comparing the efficacy of insect repellents against mosquito bites, a 23.8% DEET provided a mean complete protection time of 301.5 + 37.6 minutes (4.4 - 5.7 hours) protection to humans. Riders should be warned that DEET-based products may cause damage to rayons, acetates, dynel, plastics or painted surfaces. Avoid placing horses outdoors between dusk and dawn when mosquitoes are most active. Since face flies bother horses from late morning to late afternoon, it will be difficult for horse owners to find an insect-free time when their horses can graze on pasture. Avoid riding horses or plac-
ing horses in areas that are favorable mosquito habitats, such as low, wet pastures or bush areas. Pastures that are open to the breeze are preferred. Ensure that the barn has tight-fitting screens over the windows and doors. Large fly screens, which pull across or down to cover the entrances to alleyways, are commercially available. Use yellow incandescent lights or fluorescent lights in the barn. Those are less attractive to mosquitoes. Cautions for horses Many of the products used by horse owners will be supplied in ready-to-use hand sprayers containing permethrin and/or pyrethrin in various concentrations (e.g., 0.5%). Horse owners should always read the label carefully and use according to manufacturer's directions. The following are examples of recommendations. Avoid contact with eyes, , and muzzle. Do not saturate the hair or soak skin. Repeat treatment daily or as directed by the product label and when necessary. Do not use on newborn or nursing foals. Do not cover horses with a blanket immediately after treating. Do not apply to the back of horses prior to saddling. If a horse develops skin irritation after use, cease using this product and consult a veterinarian. Do not use on horses intended for food. Do not contaminate feed or water troughs. Avoid breathing the mist. These products are toxic to fish. Third line of defense Rural dwellers and farmers can hire a licensed pest management company to properly assess their needs and safely
apply pesticides to control mosquitoes on their property. Those companies are listed under Pest Control in the Yellow Pages of the telephone book. The Ministry of the Environment strongly recommends that rural landowners and farmers focus efforts on personal protection and removing mosquito-breeding sites before considering the use of pesticides. Larvicides are used in circumstances where reducing or removing standing water is not feasible. The Ministry of the Environment (MOE) allows only two larvicides - Bacillus thuringiensis israeliensis (Bti) and methoprene - to be used under permit in Ontario. In Ontario, rural landowners (and their full-time employees) who have a pond or dugout that is wholly contained on their property, with no outflow or connection in any way to surface waters, can apply specific products containing the larvicide Bti. This naturally occurring bacterium provides the most effective control at certain stages of a mosquito's life cycle, so repeated applications of this larvicide are necessary to achieve effective mosquito control. Bti is available in a granular formulation (500-gram shaker cans or 5-kilogram bags) from local feed and hardware outlets, garden centres and pest control companies in Ontario. Those vendors must hold a Pesticide Vendor's Licence. No licence or permit is required by a farmer or rural dweller to purchase or use a Schedule 3 product containing Bti. Methoprene Methoprene is an insect
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Alternatives Scientific studies do not support claims that natural predators - such as bats, swallows, purple martins, dragonflies or other flying predators - are effective in appreciably reducing mosquito populations. According to Health Canada, citrosa plants do not produce enough citronella oil to be considered effective and citronella-based products appear to be potential dermal sensitizers which, therefore, may cause allergic reactions in some individuals. Ultraviolet or black lights, sonic devices, various mosquito traps and zappers have not been proven effective. There are no guarantees that will prevent you or your horse from being infected with the West Nile virus. Therefore, the
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growth regulator. When mosquito larvae are exposed to it, their life cycle is disrupted and they are prevented from reaching maturity and reproducing. Methoprene can impact some freshwater invertebrates but does not seem to have longterm adverse effects on their population. It is slightly toxic to some fish species. It degrades rapidly in water, being susceptible to transformation by sunlight and microorganisms. Adulticides Adulticides must be applied when the target mosquito species is most active and applications are more effective when used under ideal weather conditions (e.g., a clear night, air temperature about 15°C or higher and wind velocity 5 - 8 km/h). Currently registered adulticide products contain malathion, propoxur, pyrethroids, and pyrethrins. Rural landowners and farmers may use adulticides labeled for domestic use from a readyto-use aerosol, fogger or tank sprayer on their own property without a licence. Most horse owners will restrict the use of adulticide use to the inside of barns using ready-to use hand sprayers (premise sprays) or mechanically-timed mist release units. Farmers who are certified agriculturists may purchase pesticides for land exterminations on their farm, including adulticides for mosquito control around livestock and in farm buildings. Users should be aware that adulticides may be effective only for a short period of time, due to the ability of mosquitoes to fly short distances from other properties.
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best you can do is to manage your farms and properties in ways that will decrease the risk of coming in contact with an infected mosquito, and to provide your horse with protection by using the West Nile vaccine. Protection Ensure your horse is properly protected by using the West Nile virus vaccine. Do, or have a professional do, a site evaluation and eliminate all mosquito breeding grounds, where possible. Evaluate the breeding areas that cannot be eliminated and choose the most appropriate method to prevent mosquitoes from breeding. If you choose to use a pesticide, read the label carefully and observe all label precautions in order to protect people, pets and livestock.
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