STUDIO AIR 2017, Semester 1 Finn Wenning Peng 784020
Content 01 Introduction 02 Part A
My name is Wenning Peng. Penny is my prefer name. I'm currently third year architecture student of Bachelor of Environment.
Earth Studio
I was born in Harbin, China. And studied in Melbourne University two years ago. My interested in architecture come from my hobby drawing. I like drawing since i was a little child. That influent me to develope the passion in the field of design and architecture. I have finished two design studio, Earth and Designing. During these studio, I learned about how the conception, form, materials and functions come together within the architecture. This semester, i take my third design studi, Air. I'm ging to know how to transform my design ideas to conputation softwares. I'm looking for inspriation for me from digital tools like Rhino and Grasshopper. I just have basic experience of grasshoppeer, My skill will be improved and make my imagination become real through the Air Studio.
Designing Environment
02 Part A. CONCEPTUALISATION A.1. Design Futuring A.2. Design Computation A.3. Composition/Generation A.4. Conclusion A.5. Learning outcomes A.6. Appendix - Algorithmic Sketches
A.1. Design Futuring precedent 1 Cloud Corridor integrated the urban residential with natural environment in terms of the vertical garden in city. Each floorplates have gardens to accompany residential units. The garden patios and courtyards provide a lush environment amid the surrounding urban density, and provide a retreat from the everyday among nature. Elevated corridors and multilevel garden patios provide viewing platforms for residents to overlook the bustling activity below and the natural landscape beyond. Additionally, Cloud Corridor sit above the metro and near to the museum, which provide an opportunity to propel nature in to every day life of the city. Cloud Corridor’s podium is covered with a grass lawn and punctuated by trees, the transformation of its massing suggest the image of rolling hills. And the podium lifts away from the ground to reveal both a private-access lobby for tower residents and entry for Metro Station patrons. Merging infrastructure with nature, Cloud Corridor’s podium blurs the boundary between urban landscape and natural scenery.
figure 1 whole view of Cloud Corridor” MAD Architects has proposed a futuristic model the “ Cloud Corridor” for future residential in Los Angeles, as part of the “Shelter: Rethinking How We Live in Los Angeles” exhibition at the A+D Museum. Addressing the concern of sprawl in cities, MAD Architects presents the possibility of future residential architecture: the high-density vertical village. Reorienting the street vertically, nine interconnected residential towers redistribute the urban fabric to cohere disparate neighborhoods into a vertical village with public spaces and gardens in the sky.
The Cloud Corridor as the future building challenges the conventional residential typology in city, bring natural environment of suburban to urban fabric. That provide the opportunities for residents’ everyday urban experiences interact with nature among the growing density in cities.
figure 2 vertical villy
Connective corridors weave circulation between towers to foster a sense of community among residents and activate the towers as a bustling village within the city. Formally, the high-rise tower is a statement of power and social context. The village has the sense of community and get along with the nature. The merge of the high-rise tower and community village intergrades the qualities of a suburban home into an urban high-rise and make the social context in urban fabric respond to nature and emphasize the environment. figure 3 Connective corridors figue 4 Cloud Corridor’s podium
A.1. Design Futuring precedent 2
figure 5 Seoul City Hall Seoul New City Hall was designed by iArc architects Yoo Kerl, located in downtown Taepyeongno Jung-gu. The design concept of Seoul New City Hall is future oriented. The inspiration for speculating through design by looking back to the Korean tradition and goes with the politics and the urban fabric.
The horizontal line of architecture and deep shade of roof is not only suitable for Korean terrain and climate but also for keep the tradition. The curves and distortions form the deep shading of city hall, which actually are inspired by the Korean Hanok traditional house. While keeping the traditional architectural style, the high rise 13 story building is almost entirely covered with glazing and steel, was designed and constructed by high level of technologies. The merge of traditional architectural form and technologies performance provide a new sense of design that more kinds of visual performance of architecture in future not only by advanced technologies but also by looking back to tradition. The planning of the new city hall and previous city hall also emphasis the connection between history and future. The Citizen can access to new city hall through existed city hall and bridge on Seoul square to open basement one floor. The Seoul new city hall is completed by linking the past and future of Seoul square. The design concept of future and past was expressed by the planning. Based on the tradition and past, increase the possibility and hope in the future is the inspiration of deign oriented future.
The design was inspired by the spatial space extension of Seoul Square. Seoul square is a symbolical center of Seoul and the only existing outside public space. Because of the importance of Seoul square, the main concept of design is a vertical extension of Seoul square. Addressing the concern of sprawl in cities, architects present the possibility of the city hall, extending the Seoul square vertically. The Seoul New City Hall express the desire of public space extension in the future and designed a new way of urban space planning. Which increase the possibility of more efficient ways of space expansion in the future.
figguer 6 comparison Hanok and city hall
Figure 7 Connection between new and old city hall
figure 8 vertical extension from the seoul aquare
A.2. Design Computation
figure 10 The wind tunnel testing
precedent 1 shanghai Tower as the centerpiece of Lujiazui commercial district, shanghai, China. Designed by a local team of Gensler architects. Gensler’s design team anticipated that three key strategies: the tower’s asymmetrical form, its tapering profile and its rounded corners would allow the building to withstand the typhoon-force winds that are common in Shanghai. The soft vertical spiral rotating at about 120 degees and scaling at 55%rate exponentially for minimizing wind load. Using wind tunnel testing conducted in lab, Gensler and structural engineer refined the tower form, which reduced building wind load 23% . The test procedure were based on the standard requirement and load code for the design of building structure. The wind tunnel data were combined with a statistical model of the local wind climate. Which to predict the full-scale structural response and more detail pressure loads. The wind tunnel testing team used a variety of available software that involved scripting parametric flexibility in analysis. Early digital tools were rhino with grasshopper parametric mechanism as well as 3D Max and AutoCAD. The testing was start on base case and various computermodeling techniques were used to do the simulation, performance calculation and data analysis. The design team had anticipated that significant reduction in both tower structural wind loading and wind cladding pressure could be established if the building further improved its proposed geometry following the variables previously explained. To establish the best possible case for reducing these load, several scenarios were proposed involving rotation at 90, 120,150, 180 and 210 and the scaling off 25%, 40%, 55%,70% and 85%. All these scenarios were analyzed against each other and then compared to the base case. Result acquired through this process have shown that a scaling factor of about 55% and rotation at 120 degree can account for up to24% saving in structural wind loading and cladding pressure reduction as compared to base case. Shanghai tower actually is a parametric design architecture. Parametric design is logic digital thinking. Before getting the best case for reducing these load, there was the process of finding the form. Changing the value of parametric, different performance could be analysis and contrast. During the process, every change an effect the result a lot, and every attempt is a progress toward the best result. figure 9 shanghai tower
A.2. Design Computation precedent 2 3D printing and large prefabricated elements were used in the construction of ”smart masonry”. Mixing the advantages of them, ”smart masonry” achieved maximize construction efficiency, further reducing costs and enhancing precision. In addition, a robotic arm construction station enables the production of complex geometries on each floor. Compared to traditional methods, this robotic arm method is more compact and reduces labor costs throughout the entirety of the construction process. Additionally, it is much faster than 3D printing and can produce complex digital forms in a fraction of the time. As the development of technologies, digital architecture is common for us. Not only the construction method with parametric design and software analysis but also the optimum performance of material for construction achieved by computer technique processing.
figure 11 Digital conxtruction
Smart masonry is masonry architecture with digital fabrication and automated construction process. Normally, the architecture produced with stone masonry is often heavy, massive, and incorporates less natural light than alternative methods. However, ZAarchitects are proposing to use “smart stone “ rather than using the masonry buildings as we know before. That open opportunities for digital fabrication techniques in stone and other previously antiquated materials. The vast array of masonry building presidents offer contemporary architects a wealth of information to draw upon, like the construction method in ancient history. Designers Dmytro Zhuikov and Arina Agieieva derived foundations and construction methods of their new structural system from the techniques used in traditional masonry buildings. One of the most significant challenges in designing masonry structures throughout history has been ensuring structural loading requirements, minimizing building mass wherever possible to encourage the flow of light and air, complex geometry pattern can be appear on the masonry through techniques. Instead of heavy, massive, and incorporates less natural light masonry, modern technologies allow us to achieve optimize performance of the material in construction. Minimize dead-weight, the incredibly light of structural skeleton of Smart Masonry can be achieved through the technology processing. In addition to that, complex geometries can be achieved through the use of robotic construction techniques, ensuring that each element can be replicated with the same precision each time. figure 12 The process of getting New material by technologies
A.3. Composition/Generation precedent 1 The Gherkin is London office tower designed by Foster & Partners. This headquarters designed for Swiss Re is rooted in a radical approach − technically, architecturally, socially and spatially. It is London’s first ecological tall building and a recognizable addition to the city’s skyline. The constraints of site generate the distinctive form. The Gherkin has a circular plan, with a radial geometry, the building widens in profile as it rises and tapers towards its apex. The form makes the building appears more slender than a rectangular block of equivalent size and the slimming of its profile towards the base maximizes the public realm at street level. The Gherkin is forty-one storey high and provide 46400 square meters net of office space. And the new created plaza on the street level provide a spacious and comfortable space to the public. The environmental requirement is another generation of the form. Environmentally, its profile reduces wind deflections compared with a rectilinear tower of similar size, helping to maintain a comfortable environment at ground level, and creates external pressure differentials that are exploited to drive a unique system of natural ventilation.
figure 14 The optimum Space utilization under the shape
The design concept of “Climatroffice” from a theoretical project of Buckminster Fuller. Fuller suggested a new rapport between nature and the workplace, which generate the energy-conscious enclosure resolving walls and roof into a continuous triangulated skin. The tower’s diagonally braced structure allows column-free floor space and a fully glazed facade, which opens up the building to light and views. The offices integrated with natural environment by the form generation. There are many rules during the process from the generation of the design concept to actual construction. Such as the space utilization, environment effect, energy consumption and the design concept. These rules effect the building and make the component of building composite together to achieve the most effective performance of the whole building.
figure 13 The Gherkin
figure 15 The simulation of the ventilation and heat of cladding
A.3. Composition/Generation precedent 2 The outcome of the pavilion is based on the four years research on the integration of architecture, engineering and biomimicry principles. The 200 square meters structure was inspired by lightweight construction principles found in nature – the fibrous structures of the forewing shells of flying beetles known as elytra. The architect, structural engineer and climate engineer in the team have pioneered a unique robotic fabrication technique. This technique involves a new way of winding composite materials. The winding method has been designed to harness carbon fibers and give them strength as woven structural components. A series of these individual celllike modules has been used to create the pavilion’s distinctive shape. This project explore the possibility in the architectural practice, computation not only works but necessary to build large projects in the world. Architects and engineers take the advantages in scripting interfaces and knowledge of computer programming, designer create their machine like the robot and new technologies like winding method to help them to design and construction. Computation helps the architecture generation and development. Additionally, "Elytra’s" canopy is made up of component cells. These cells and the seven supporting columns were created by a computer-programmed Kuka robot in a four-month construction process at the ICD. The final form of densely-wound fibres is a direct result of the changing stress conditions determined through structural simulation and testing carried out in advance by the ITKE. Architects are experiencing the process from the architecture data generation in the program, to using the data to simulate the building performance with computer. Through analyzing the result of building performance and the performance of materials to get the final form of the architecture. The process of architecture generation related to the computation, the parametric procedure and the software development.
figure 16 Elytra Filament Pavilion was an bionic baldachin with influence of robotic architecture. It was designed by ICDITKE University of Stuttgart in Germany. Its individual modules were defined by an algorithm and then produced with the help of a robot, realized by a team from the University of Stuttgart.
figure 17 the process from cell invention to the test the performence by computer
A.4. Conclusion Through the studing of part A, that inspire me alot in designing the architecture. Nature alone cannot sustain us because we are too many and we have done too much ecological damage. We have become too dependent upon the artificial world that we have designed. in the future architeture, The building intersect with nature, which make the building looks like live in the nature and people can see the connection with nature and recognize the genius of nature’s strategies. Design is not only ablaut problem solving the problem we are meeting like ecological damage. It also about new trend oriented to the future. The design become thrives on imagination and aims to open up all sorts of possibilities that can be happen in the future. As designers, we can work with the desire in terms of the politics, economics, culture and so on. It can be seen design as a platform give designers permission to let our imaginations of future flow freely. Actually, people place their hope on the architecture, which increase the probability of more desirable futures happening. The computeration and parametric design is become common for architecture. Digital architecture is new form of the logic digital design thinking. Focus on a logic of associative dependency between objects, part and whole. Changing the value of parametric, multiple instance could be create. Before getting the final form, various shape would be made, that can be the inspriation of the final form. Additionally, the computeration and parametric design is the generation of the architecture. The process including the transfer the design concept to data procedure until the performence simulation through the computer.
A.5. Learning outcomes Through the three weeks study. i have improved my grasshopper skill and understand the computational design. The computational method not only can transfer concept to real form but also solving the budget and time proble. It is a useful tool in the whole process in the architecture design. On the other hand, the computational design rich my imagination. The abstract form genrated by computer make me have more materials to imagine.
A.6. Appendix - Algorithmic Sketches week1 Twisting process
Week2 one attach point on the surface
Week3 two attach points on the surface
image in the grasshopper
Reference http://www.archdaily.com/806242/elytra-filament-pavilion-icd-itke-university-of-stuttgart http://www.archdaily.com/772712/mad-architects-envision-the-future-of-housing-in-los-angeles http://www.archdaily.com/457570/seoul-new-city-hall-iarc-architects http://www.arch2o.com/case-study-bim-implementation-in-shanghai-tower/ http://www.fosterandpartners.com/projects/30-st-mary-axe/ http://www.archdaily.com/609108/digitized-bricks-zaarchitects-develop-smart-masonry