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Contributors
Logan Armstrong (Crowbait Creative)
Kyle Flubacker
Gone West Media
Leah Lazic Media
Aidan Nicholson
Debbie MacRae
Tom Poole
Joycelin Shewchuk
SJ Photography
Published five times a year by: WESTERN PERFORMANCE PUBLISHING INC. 235, 3545 - 32 Ave. NE, Unit/Box #814 Calgary, Alberta T1Y 6M6 (403) 250-1128 editorial@westernhorsereview.com www.westernhorsereview.com
We acknowledge the
Taken too soon. Remembering Cossaco 2007 - 2024.
Although they could once numbered in the thousands, only a few grain elevators remain in the Canadian prairies anymore.
Did you know? You can recycle your empty feed bags and get rid of your barn clutter at the same time with this program!
A Father’s Day tribute. Here’s what WHR readers had to say.
A salute to horsewoman, Bette Muren. Kaila Mussell is inducted into the National Cowgirl Museum and Hall of Fame. And the winner of our WHR Breyer horse giveaway!
Gear up! Here are five best bets for your summer shopping.
How Blue Willow Entertainment turned a 100-yearold farmstead into a music recording studio for the future.
In WHR’s newest column, we gain advice from Aidan Nicholson, J.D., on Canadian agricultural succession planning.
Cowboy Pasta Salad. A summer side-dish you can serve on the tailgate, at a branding or even as a full-meal-deal to the “All Carnivores” in your life!
CANADIAN WEST ADVENTURES
Travel from British Columbia through to Saskatchewan this summer, with these new adventures on your radar.
40 WESTERN ART
Meet five legends of western art who are preserving western heritage and giving us hope at the same time.
44 MY BEST FRIEND’S CLOSET
You could spend a fortune on your Stampede wardrobe this year – or you can just follow our tips for mixing things up with your friends to combine the best summer “fits” possible!
52 LINIMENT OF LOVE
The story of William Key and his “educated horse,” Beautiful Jim Key.
58 WILL RIDE FOR FOOD
Grandma probably shouldn’t have trusted that broken ice cream cone.
Model Brandy Fleetwood, Photo by Gone West Media
FEELS LIKE SUMMER
“Some have happiness, everyone has summer.” It’s a phrase that came to me on a particularly rough day. A Finnish statement, the quotes recognizes that no matter what you’re dealing with, it will get better and better days will come.
My heart broke to learn that the great “Cossaco,” a 2007 Lusitano owned by Jill Barron, recently passed away. The timing seemed so odd – he had just been immortalized as a Breyer figurine. The gelding still had so much to offer the world and yet, colic took him too soon. When a horse like that goes, the whole industry suffers. However I realized that, even in passing, Cossaco will continue to give the world one of the greatest gifts – the inspiration of horses. There is so much power in a Breyer figurine! It’s one of the ways young kids who don’t have the means nor the opportunity to connect with horses, can come together with them.
Cossaco’s legacy will live on forever.
That realization personally, brought me a lot of joy.
Another moment of happiness came with all the new graduates crossing the stage this year. Although my own kids are still a few years away, I have friends with children who earned that achievement in 2024 and it was no small feat. Congratulations to all the new grads out there!
We also had a lot of fun creating this issue of WHR for you.
On page 20 you can read about Blue Willow Entertainment – a recording studio built out of a 100-year-old farmstead.
On page 24, we have Aidan Nicholson coming on board with a regular column about succession planning. In his first instalment, Nicholson details how real the modern loss of Canadian farmland is and how urgent the need is to address the situation.
Then on page 44, we curated a Stampede style session everyone can enjoy. From the lake, to the pasture to heat of the Calgary Stampede, these outfit ideas work for all situations. And better yet, they come on a budget of Zero.
Finally on page 32, we have an exciting new summer list of things to do in the Canadian west. Have you ever heard of the Willow Bunch Giant? Put our list of travel thrills on your agenda and enjoy summer like you’ve never before experienced.
Because after all, summer is now here for everyone!
~ Jenn Webster
Tara McKenzie Fotos
Cossaco, in his Breyer blanket.
HEAVEN IS FOR UNICORNS
The world lost an incredibly bright, equine star on June 24, 2024. “Cossaco,” owned by Jill Barron of Hanna, AB, was a 2007 Lusitano gelding. He was born in Portugal and used as a bullfighting horse, before he made his way to Magnolia, Texas and ultimately became Barron’s partner.
The two began their journey at an exhibition cattle trial at a working equitation (WE) show and were inseparable ever since. Barron came to own him outright in 2016 and In 2022, the pair became Canada’s first Masters Working Equitation Champions.
Barron would go on to say, “Cossaco will be the greatest teacher of my riding career… If you believe in fate, we were meant to be dance partners.”
Since then, the duo added many other accolades to their already impressive resume. Cossaco was honoured with his own Breyer figurine for 2024, becoming a real-life inspiration for young and old horse lovers alike. This year the gelding performed demonstrations at the 2024 Horse Expo
(Red Deer, AB), assisted Barron with clinics and was also set to travel to Breyerfest in Kentucky in July 2024.
Sadly, Cossaco succumbed to the complications of colic, just two weeks prior to his Breyer debut. Surgery was attempted but Cossaco tragically passed away a day later. Those who knew him, knew how much of Barron’s heart he held and how much of a figurative unicorn he was to the Canadian horse industry.
~ Jenn Webster
CALGARY STAMPEDE ART SHOW
LOCATED IN THE WESTERN OASIS
Oil on Canvas, 48” x 48”
SENTINEL OF THE PRAIRIES
Grain elevators were once iconic symbols of the Prairies. In these buildings harvests were weighed, sold, stored and shipped by rail. Now, only a few remain - currently there are only 120 elevators left in Alberta. The small town of Herronton, Alberta still has an ex Alberta Wheat Pool grain elevator. This elevator has an integrated annex, is still in excellent condition and is privately owned by Kelly and Llana Malmberg.
A RECYCLING SOLUTION FOR THE EQUINE COMMUNITY
More than 140,000 horses, donkeys and mules populate Alberta’s equine landscape, and hay bales that have been secured with plastic baler twine are often used to bed and feed these animals throughout the year.
That adds up to a lot of baler twine. The amount used in the equine community counts toward the nearly 1,500 tonnes generated in Alberta annually making this province the highest generator of used baler twine in Canada. The next closest generator is Saskatchewan with about 1,300 tonnes.
Then there are the feed bags in which supplements, beet pulp and other various equine feeds are packaged.
For equine and livestock operations that means there are armloads of used twine to manage every day. Over a year, that can amount to a small mountain of tangled polypropylene plastic and plastic bags.
Plastic twine scattered throughout
pastures, paddocks, stables or along fence lines is not only an untidy health and safety risk for animal welfare, but Alberta growers are concerned about its potential environmental impact. Until recently, landfills have offered the most common disposal method. Some farmers may opt for a burn barrel, but burning twine releases toxins into the air.
Fortunately, there is now a solution that makes sense. Recycling it.
One organization, Cleanfarms, has prioritized mapping out ways to collect used plastic baler twine and feed bags, among other products, for recycling. Cleanfarms is a national, non-profit stewardship organization that contributes to a healthier environment and a sustainable future by recovering and recycling agricultural and related industry plastics, packaging and products. Along the way, recycling agricultural plastics creates
new jobs and adds to local economies. Recycling ag plastic is now a part of the equation that helps farms, ranches, and equine operations reach sustainability goals.
Check out their website at cleanfarms.ca for recycle drop-off locations throughout Canada.
~ Barry Friesen, Executive Director, Cleanfarms
FACEBOOK FEEDBACK
“A good father is one of the most unsung, unpraised, unnoticed, and yet one of the most valuable assets in our society.”
~Billy Graham
Amen to that!
~Cindy
Sergerie
EMPTY SADDLES BETTE MUREN
Rodeo Cowboys Association sanctioned saddle bronc riding event in Oregon. She went on to fill her PRCA and Canadian Professional Rodeo Association permits, becoming the first woman to hold professional status as a saddle bronc rider.
Mussell will join 253 cowgirls in the Hall of Fame. The Museum proudly celebrates living and deceased Honorees who represent diverse backgrounds, ethnicities, and cultures. Many of the Honorees are internationally recognized artists or writers, champions and competitive performers, entertainers, ranchers or trailblazers and pioneers.
~Brandy Fleetwood
Sadly, not many out there
~Sherry
Jackson
My dad was one of those, took us to parades, horse shows, even helped us to get a new horse, if we needed one, and helped us get to school. Yes my dad Rocked. Miss you dad
~Kriss Ward
That’s
my son and I am so proud of him and his daughters!
“ “ “ “ “
~Sheldon George Whitlock
“Amen.
My dad was definitely one of the amazing ones.”
~Pauline
Herrick Arychuk
Bette Muren passed away April 11, 2024 after a long struggle with dementia and finally, cancer. Muren moved to High River, AB, 20 years ago, as she loved the western lifestyle and wanted to be part of the action. She first occupied the small farm house on the McLean Ranch, then later moved into town where she resided until her death. Muren made many friends and was a long-time volunteer with the Bar U Ranch Heritage site. She was fortunate to ride up to the age of 80, still having her horse “Brit” whom she adored and likewise, the mare adored her. Brit she knew Muren’s voice a mile away.
Muren is survived by her partner Gordon, children Nicola (Grant), John, Kim (Jens), grandchildren and great grandchildren, and her horse Brit.
CANADIAN KAILA
MUSSELL,
2024 Cowgirl Hall of Fame Inductee
The National Cowgirl Museum and Hall of Fame (Fort Worth, TX) will welcome four new inductees at the 48th Annual Induction, Nov. 12, 2024 at Dickies Arena – and this year, one of them is a legendary Canadian.
Kaila Mussell was born in Canada and grew up competing in barrel racing and steer riding. She trick rode professionally at the Calgary Stampede before beginning her career as a saddle bronc rider. In 2002, Mussell entered what was considered a male domain and competed in her first saddle bronc riding event placing among the top performers. Later that year, she pushed the boundaries even further, becoming the first woman to win a Professional
WINNER OF THE WHR BREYER “COSSACO”
Back in April 2024 at the Horse Expo in Red Deer, AB, and in partnership with Jill Barron Horsemanship, WHR had the exciting opportunity to offer a “Cossaco” Breyer figurine to one lucky person. We are thrilled to announce that Olivia O’Malley of Beiseker, AB, was the contest winner!! Congratulations Olivia!
Leah Lazic Media
Kaila Mussell riding Sadde Bronc. Photo by Bernie Hudyma
Greatgear
SCOUT BOOT CREAM
SADDLE TROLLEY
Scout Boot Cream by M&F Western Products is a favourite for boots, fine saddlery, shoes and other smooth leather materials. It revitalizes the colour of the leather and hides the scuffs and scratches from every day wear. Keep your leather boots and shoes looking their best with a quick polish now and then.
$10
www.lammles.com
This is perfect for shows!! Transporting your saddle has never been easier. This Saddle Caddy Wheeler is made of 1” galvanized steel tubing and has 8” hard rubber wheels. The basket underneath is removable and holds grooming supplies and necessities. Conveniently folds flat for easy storage when not in use.
$250 www.kklivestock.com
MAKE ALBERTA COWBOY AGAIN
In a day and age when “Cancel Culture” is common, it’s refreshing to come across a local business that focuses on kindness and giving back to its people. Make Alberta Cowboy Again is founded on the values of the agriculture, good will and humbleness. From every purchase, 10% is donated back to the community where it’s needed – whether that’s a family who lost a barn to a fire or junior riders needing sponsorship. Check out their range of merch today!
www.makealbertacowboyagain.com
DUSTI RHOADS NAIL STRIPS
Real nail polish that applies like a sticker! These strips come in a variety of fun, western designs and are already 90% dry before you apply them. Don’t worry about smearing them, or having to sit and wait before heading out to the barn!
$20
www.amazon.cawww.ranchbydesign.com
UNO CASA PIE IRON
If you spend a lot of time at horse shows and you’re constantly looking for the next best living quarters meal, the Uno Casa cast iron pie maker is a game changer. This iron serves as a Panini press, grilled-cheese maker, quesadilla creator or campfire pizza cooker. All you need is a roaring fire.
$46
www.amazon.ca
GoodWork
Blue Willow Entertainment
STORY & PHOTOS BY JENN WEBSTER
Roughly 13 years ago, Eric and Catherine Rolheiser came across a rare find in rural, southern Alberta. A 12-acre parcel of land near Langdon, AB, that featured a big-hip roof (which was over 100-years-old) and a beautifully kept homestead came available for purchase. The Rolheisers took the leap, moved from the city into their newly acquired digs and began restoring the 1915 house to its original glory. With much of the surrounding area settled by deeply-rooted families, the quaint little farm was about to get a makeover that paid homage to its history, but would also make it stand out from all the rest.
In 2020, the Rolheisers developed a plan for expansion. The only way they could gain approval from their county to do so however, was to build something that attached to the original home. Keeping in mind the aesthetics of the residence, the Rolheisers got to work and had a garage with extensive living quarters, built to the west. They turned this space into an “artist house,” all the while creating a
“We created the artist house and recording studio here for musicians, so they don’t have to leave or be interrupted during sessions. They can simply stay, practice and record music for as long as they want, out here in the country,” - Eric Rolheiser.
soundproof recording studio in one of the (also 100+ years-old) outbuildings in the back. As he carried his own, rich musical heritage, Eric wanted to create a place with the intention of helping new music artists reach their next level.
Thus, Blue Willow Entertainment (BWE) was born.
REPURPOSE OF A 100-YEAROLD BUILDING
Born in the prairies of Saskatchewan, Eric Rolheiser developed a passion for music at a tender age. Influenced by his musical father, Eric started as a bass player with the church choir. Now, he’s skilled in the guitar, drums, harmonica, keyboards and nearly everything in between. He grew up on the timeless tunes of Buck Owens, Waylon Jennings and Johnny Cash and although music was a constant in his life, it wasn’t until 2021 that Eric could finally dedicate the time he needed to put towards his childhood, musical goals. He also discovered early on, how difficult it was for new artists to navigate the music scene. Hence, creating BWE
and becoming its CEO was a way for Eric to serve other musical artists and help them out with strategies he wished had been available to him in his first solo projects.
“We created the artist house and recording studio here for musicians, so they don’t have to leave or be interrupted during sessions. They can simply stay, practice and record music for as long as they want, out here in the country,” Eric explains.
There are individual guest rooms, bathrooms and a shared kitchen space in the artist quarters.
The recording studio is located separate from the living space. Eric and Catherine cleaned out the old building, equipped it with in-floor heating,, a soundproof recording booth, top of the line microphones, mixing consoles, computer equipment, instruments, space for several musicians at once and a very creative environment. There are signed autographs, flags and musical memorabilia in literally every nook and cranny.
The bones of the 100-year-old BWE recording studio were very carefully preserved in its restoration and renovation.
The couple took great care to ensure the bones of the building were left intact but also create an area that was warm in the winter (as fiddle and guitar strings don’t work as well in minus 30 weather). The exposed beams of the walls showcase how strong and well-built the barn was back in the early 1910s. An old wood stove in the centre charms the ambient space. And new floor carpets, a coffee bar, sitting area, room for an entire drum kit, a piano, computer corner and soft lighting further accentuate the building’s new purpose.
Whether you describe it as a niche recording studio or a boutique studio –Blue Willow’s amenities offer a big-time creative space for musical artists.
Taking advantage of all BWE had to offer this spring was up-and-comer, Lily Monaghan of Edmonton, AB. Instead of finding a recording studio closer to home, Monaghan was drawn to BWE for its unique amenities and connections.
“The creative juices just flow here,” she states. “It’s so cool. Yesterday we were inside here for 10-and-a-half, maybe 11 hours and the time just flew by,” Monaghan says of the studio.
“But it’s really awesome to go outside and touch grass after we’re done – so much better than trying to record in a one-room or basement studio.”
Paired with Kurtis Schultz, also of Edmonton, the two we were working on Monaghan’s upcoming EP (short for “extended play” – an album of original songs that typically contain four to six tracks). Schultz is a producer, engineer and multi-instrumentalist himself.
Monaghan is a signed artist with BWE and this summer, she will play at the Winnipeg Folk Festival, the Edmonton Folk Fest, and the Wild Roses Festival, among other events. After that, she’s headed to Scotland in the fall to pursue her Masters in Music. Piano and her voice
are Monaghan’s two main instruments, although her main passion may be songwriting.
Kate Reid is another of BWE’s signed artists. Originally from the Yukon, Reid fell in love with music at a very young age and plays both the piano and guitar, in addition to doing her own vocals and songwriting. She has a background in agriculture, originally thinking she wanted to be a veterinarian. With an education in agronomy and animal sciences, Reid has a day job as an agronomist and her free time is devoted to music. Recently she played the stages of the Whiskey Rose in Calgary, AB, and at the Horse Expo in Red Deer, AB.
BWE is also unique in that it is backed by a group of individuals with over 50 years of experience in multiple industries. The group of three powerhouses include; President Seth Anderson, Director of Media Mackenzie Walsh, and of course,
TOP LEFT: Musical memorabilia on the ceiling of the BWE studio. BOTTOM LEFT: The original home, seen here with its 2020 expansion to the left. ABOVE: A big-hip roof barn sits beside the artist quarters
CEO Eric Rolheiser. Their collective abilities in sales, public relations, media and event planning offer a next level advantage for artists. The BWE team sorts through all the details of lining up artist gigs and festivals, so musicians can solely concentrate on their craft.
Out of a building that dates back over a hundred years ago, BWE has created a very special place and opportunity for up-and-coming musical artists. They offer mentoring, strategic planning and one-on-one coaching for elevating talented people to a level of success they may never have seen before. If you’re an emerging artist, you may want to check out all that they offer and if you’re simply a music-lover, you’re guaranteed to come across a BWE emerging artist soon!
For more information, check out: www. bluewillowentertainment.ca
Supremely comfortable athleisure clothing, tailored for cowgirls and cowboys alike.
Your stampede outfit starts with Bäre!
Southcentre Mall Calgary, AB
On July 9, keep your
Dana Cole
Photography
eyes peeled for the iconic Bäre Activewear logo proudly displayed on Cody Risdale’s chuckwagon as this dynamic partnership paints the town with a blend of style, athleticism and Western spirit!
RIGHT: The Blue Willow Entertainment team.
S Planninguccession
Intergenerational Farm Transfers
TThe state of agriculture: In Canada there is a lot of cause for concern.
BY AIDAN NICHOLSON, J.D. PHOTOS BY JENN WEBSTER
his is the first issue in a column on agricultural succession planning, to be published over the next several months. The impetus for these articles comes from the urgent need to address Canadian farmland loss and provide an accessible resource for the growing number of Ag families facing hardship due to the challenges of transitioning their operation. Only 14% of Alberta farms and 12% of farms nationwide have formal succession plans. This is directly contributing to the decline in both the number of farms in Canada, as well as the total national acreage of farmland. Succession planning maps out how farm property and equipment is to pass to the next generation taking over the farm business, as well as how management and labour structures will change on the exit of the current owner(s). The legal and tax issues involved in carrying on a farm or ranch, and keeping it in the family, are often very complex. Without proper guidance or resources, it can be immensely difficult for families to structure the operation for continued success. Doing so is crucial, however, as the prosperity
and longevity of farms and ranches hinges not only on healthy crop yields and quality meat production, but also on the successful navigation of the legal and tax issues and implications inherent in the planning process. This article will lay the groundwork for subsequent issues in the column where I will dive into specific legal and tax considerations producers should be aware of when thinking about intergenerational farm transfers.
Succession planning and estate planning are distinct but complementary processes that unfortunately many producers do not pay enough mind. At a high level, the succession planning process creates a workable plan for transferring property, management control, and labour responsibilities to successors during the lifetime of the farm owner(s). Estate planning also deals with the transfer of property and business interests to beneficiaries, though it does not generally consider management and labour transfers and comes into effect on death or incapacity. Both are indispensable in the realm of farm transitioning, though unfortunately most farms do not have formal succession plans of any kind. Without a formal plan, a whole host of
issues arise when the time comes to pass the operation to the next generation. The waters become murky when sorting out how ownership and management will be transferred in addition to the transfer of property and labour. Because of this, too often the farm is lost, and generations of honourable work and stewardship vanishes. Similarly, if farm owner(s) do not have wills, it is unclear how farm property and assets are to be distributed on their death. This lack of clear intention and direction can (and does) lead to costly and contentious litigation between family members. Under intestacy, property is distributed in accordance with provincial legislation; chances are, the farm will be passed to the surviving spouse or partner and/or the surviving children. That may be an acceptable outcome, but maybe not. What is almost certain, however, is that the operation will not be disposed of in precisely the manner the deceased owner(s) would have wanted or in a way that is in the family’s best interests. Without a formal transition plan for the operation, either through a succession plan or a will, a major and devastating problem in the agriculture industry is perpetuated – farmland loss.
CAUSE FOR CONCERN:
The Modern Reality of Canadian Farmland Loss
In addition to the succession planning statistics cited above, the 2021 Census of Agriculture revealed very concerning data on farmland loss and the state of the industry:
· Since 1961, the total area of farmland in Canada has decreased by 11%, representing a loss of nearly 19 million acres. Between 1966 and 2021, Canada lost 20,432,789 acres of farmland. That is a loss of 371,505 acres per year on average.
· Between 1976 and 2021, the total number of farms in Canada has decreased by 44%. That’s a loss of 148,678 farms in 45 years – an average loss of nine farms per day.
· Most Canadian farmers and ranchers are 55-years-old or older with a median age of 58, and only 8% of farmers are under 35-years-old.
· In 1931, the farm population represented about 32% of the Canadian population. In 2021, the farm population represented a mere 1.6% of the Canadian population. Factoring in the percentage change in the national population between 1931 and 2021, that is an 83% decrease in Canada’s farm population.
· According to a recent report by the Royal Bank of Canada (RBC), 40% of currently active Canadian producers will retire by 2033 and there could be a shortage of over 120,000 workers in the agriculture industry by 2030.
Furthermore, according to a recent report by FCC, the value of cultivated farmland in Canada increased by a weighted average of 11.5% in 2023 –the second highest increase in the past 10 years. The supply of farmland is declining, we’re seeing higher input costs and elevated interest rates, crop receipts are declining, farm income is down, and commodity prices are trending lower than in recent years. In many provinces, the share of income allocated to servicing
farm debt is at an all-time high. These statistics are highly concerning in their own right, but it is even more troubling when we consider them together to determine their implications. What does all this mean? It means there’s less farmland to own, fewer and fewer families to own them, less and less agricultural workers, land is as expensive as it’s ever been, and carrying on an operation is increasingly unaffordable. This paints a very grim picture of the state of Canadian agriculture and highlights the poignant reality that if nothing is done, not only will we lose our western heritage that is built on agricultural roots, but what’s more is that Canada will stand little chance at remaining competitive and
sustainable on the global stage with respect to food production and security. To add insult to injury, social messaging sustains the villainization of producers. Whether they pertain to enteric methane release, livestock handling methods, or the use of certain crop inputs, unceasing attacks are launched at the very people that put nutritious food on tables right across this country and, indeed, throughout the world. The hands that feed people are more often smacked than shaken. Now more than ever, we must fight to protect our operations, our way of life, and ensure that Canadian agriculture can continue to flourish in producing quality food for local and global communities.
In an industry that relies on older generations to teach younger ones, it’s imperative that Ag families develop proper succession and estate plans. This gives farmers and ranchers the ability and freedom to distribute their assets in a way they intend and desire, to effectively transfer the operation to the next generation in accordance with family values, and avoid onerous tax implications.
PART OF SUCCESSION PLANNING INVOLVES CONTEMPLATING FINANCIAL AND ECONOMICAL MATTERS RELATING TO OPERATIONAL SUCCESS AND RETIREMENT. HOWEVER, THESE OBJECTIVES SHOULD ALSO BE WEIGHED IN CONSIDERATION WITH THE VALUEORIENTED OBJECTIVES PERTAINING TO A FAMILY’S LEGACY.
INITIAL STEPS TO GET THE BALL ROLLING
I’ll be very blunt here: start thinking about succession and stop making excuses. If preserving your legacy and keeping the operation in the family is important to you, you need to start thinking about succession immediately. Proactive planning is paramount. You cannot afford to put it off any longer, and frankly the future of Canadian agriculture depends on it. Contemplating farm succession is an integral step that should be thoughtfully examined as early as possible rather than needing to plan retroactively on an urgent or emergent basis on the triggering of some unexpected event, such as a death in the family. The planning process should involve input from family members and meaningful discussions about family values and goals, what kind of involvement the family members desire, and how property can be sensibly transferred. On that last point, as you are determining how to transfer ownership and management to successors, it is important to bear in mind that an equitable distribution does not necessarily mean an equal one. Do the siblings get along? Are they equally involved in the operation? Do they want to continue farming? These are examples of the kinds of questions that should be examined in determining a sensible and equitable distribution.
Before a plan is developed, readiness should be assessed. This entails determining whether or when the owner(s) will be prepared to relinquish control of the operation and what their exit plan will look like. Similarly, the successors need to ensure that they are willing and prepared to commit themselves to new roles on the outfit, likely involving increased responsibility in the control and management of the business. Planning will involve highly emotional and challenging conversations between family members, but it is absolutely crucial to take part in them. There will be a wide variety of expectations and interests – some harmonious, others competing – that must be balanced to ensure the family
unit remains healthy through the transition. One way to facilitate the development of a plan, reach agreement, and mitigate the risk of a family dispute is to hold a family conference in which the family convenes to constructively and collaboratively discuss the issues and logistics of transferring the farm to successors. This is a great opportunity for the owner(s) to make their wishes known and see how the family reacts to determine if any changes should be made. This meeting additionally allows family members to chime in on what they think about the imagined distribution and clarify their own wishes. We see it time and time again in private practice: no succession plan and an outdated will no longer reflecting the true wishes of the
There are so many strains facing Canadian Ag families these days. Without proper guidance or resources, it can be immensely difficult for families to structure their operations for continued success.
testator leading to family disputes over how property will devolve. When you come together as a family to develop a plan, the process will be informed by values and objectives unique to the family. You will be able to clarify positions and interests and determine long-term priorities to influence decision making. This requires input from every family member with meaningful involvement in the operation or who would be materially impacted by the transition. Often, an operation’s goals are driven by values and relationships as opposed to finances. Undoubtedly, part of the planning stage necessarily involves contemplating purely financial and economical matters relating to operational success and retirement, but these objectives should be weighed in consideration with the value-oriented objectives pertaining to the family legacy. Recognize where you’re at currently and where you want to be. With an established foundation, you can formulate a strategic direction to achieve the goals you have for a successful transition. Once the plan is developed, evaluate its viability, make revisions if necessary, consult a lawyer and an accountant, and then implement the plan. Always remember that, because things change so often, a succession plan is a living document that should be constantly reviewed as an iterative exercise. Revisions may be made on a continuous basis as family and farm circumstances evolve. Because succession planning and estate planning are two sides of the same coin, re-examine your will if you have one or get one done up if you don’t. The best way to protect
your life’s work is to seek the services of lawyers and accountants to review the succession plan, and retain a lawyer to create a carefully considered and tailored estate plan that will achieve your goals upon death.
In closing, remember why this is important. In the face of an aging farm population, elevated interest rates, ballooning farm debt, declining crop receipts and farm income, harmful social messaging, long-standing labour shortages, and a punitive carbon tax, producers grapple with tremendous uncertainty. For many Ag families, it is uncertain whether they will stay afloat, whether they will be able to retire, and how or if the next generation can continue producing. A vast minority of Canadian producers have a formal succession plan, which creates even more challenges for Ag families to contend with. Proper succession planning and estate planning gives producers the ability and freedom to distribute their assets in a way they intend and desire, to effectively transfer the operation to the next generation in accordance with family values, and avoid onerous tax implications.
At the core of the reason so many families fail at transferring their farms to future generations is a lack of recognition. The first generation makes sacrifices to ensure the business succeeds and puts the next generation in a good position for growth. Future generations see that sacrifice and steward what has been built. Over time, though, there comes a generation that does not see the sacrifices and they squander the opportunities created by their forefathers. Many Ag families do not have the resources to
THERE IS AN URGENT NEED TO ADDRESS CANADIAN FARMLAND LOSS AND PROVIDE AN ACCESSIBLE RESOURCE FOR THE GROWING NUMBER OF AG FAMILIES FACING HARDSHIP DUE TO THE CHALLENGES OF TRANSITIONING THEIR OPERATION.
access and utilize the expertise required to preserve their legacies, which is why this column exists – to make valuable information on agricultural succession planning accessible. In the next issue, I will outline how farms and ranches can be structured as legal entities to make use of certain business and tax advantages. I invite you to ruminate on the ideas shared in this article and start thinking about the steps you can take to keep your operation in the family. It’s your life’s work; it deserves protecting.
This article is provided as a source of information only. It does not constitute legal advice and should not be relied on as such. Readers are cautioned not to act on the information provided without seeking specific advice from legal and tax practitioners with respect to their unique circumstances and the applicable laws in their jurisdiction.
Aidan Nicholson is a lawyer practicing wills and estates, agricultural litigation, and business law at Field Law in Calgary, Alberta. Coming from a family that lost their farm, he understands the difficulties Ag families face when striving to protect their legacies. He is a fierce advocate for agriculture in general and family farms in particular, fighting for producers and ensuring their voices are heard. When he’s not in the office, Aidan lends a hand on ranches and feedlots around southern Alberta, works on his horsemanship, and makes as many stops on the rodeo trail as possible. He is a volunteer with the High River Ag Society and a member of the National Cutting Horse Association (NCHA). To discuss succession and estate planning, or any of the issues and topics discussed in this article, Aidan can be reached at anicholson@fieldlaw.com.
COWBOY SALAD
This is a salad even the “All Carnivores” in your life will love!
BY JENN WEBSTER PHOTOS BY LEAH LAZIC MEDIA
This recipe can be made as a side dish, or as a complete meal. It fits perfectly into a summer theme, is hearty and can be created ahead of time. With meat, carbs and vegetables, this plat du jour is excellent for a tailgate gathering, a quick living-quarters dinner or any kind of potluck offering. Best served immediately after being assembled.
DRESSING
1 Cup Mayonnaise
1/4 Cup Barbecue Sauce
2 Tbsp Dijon Mustard
2 Tbsp Worcestershire or Soya Sauce
1 Tsp Cumin
1 Tbsp Lemon Juice
Salt & Pepper to Taste
Mix all together in a separate bowl and set aside in the fridge.
BELOW Dice up the chives as thinly as possible.
RIGHT Cutting the kernels of corn off the cob with a Pampered Chef Kernel Cutter.
FAR RIGHT Chopping up cooked bacon pieces.
PASTA SALAD
350 g Corkscrew Pasta, Cooked and Drained
1/2 Package of Cooked Bacon (Based on
375 g Package), Chopped
350 g Lean Ground Beef, Browned
2 Fresh Roma Tomatoes, Diced
1 Cup Shredded Cheddar Cheese
5 Chive Stalks (Approximately)
2 Cooked Cobs of Corn, Husked
Take your cooked, prepared pasta and line the bottom of a salad bowl with it, as the dish’s foundation.
In almost triangular segments (think of a Trivial Pursuit “cheese triangle,”) drop in the salad ingredients. You want the overall appearance to represent a “wagon wheel.” This includes ground beef, bacon, tomatoes, chives, shredded cheese and kernels of corn husked from the cobs.
To save time, use pre-cooked bacon bits or canned corn (cooked, prior to use). For this recipe, we husked the
kernels of corn off of freshly cooked cobs, with a Pampered Chef Kernel Cutter product.
Add a dollop of dressing to the salad and mix ingredients together completely. Add more dressing if desired, but be careful not to add too much! It is possible to have dressing left over and the amount used in the salad truly depends on an individual’s tastes. Store in the fridge until ready to eat. This salad can be consumed the next day too, however, the tomatoes may not be as crisp. Do not keep beyond a day after preparation!
Canadian Team Penning Nationals, Calgary, AB
Canadian Spectacular, Stavely, AB
Calgary Stampede Cutting Horse Futurity, Calgary, AB
Canadian Finals Rodeo, Edmonton, AB
TCAA, National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum, Oklahoma City, OK
advertising@westernhorsereview.com or phone 403-250-1128 ADDITIONAL
CANADIAN WEST Adventures
This summer’s travel opportunities, abound with new concepts, sensory exhibits and immersive experiences will leave you begging for more! Enjoy the extras of 2024!
by DEBBIE MACRAE and JENN WEBSTER
BRITISH COLUMBIA
GOLDEN SKYBRIDGE GOLDEN, BC
Beautifull British Columbia beckons with its outdoor adventures. “Reach out and touch the Sky” is the logo of the one-of-a-kind Golden Skybridge strung between the Rocky Mountains and the Purcell Mountain ranges. Suspended over a sprawling canyon, over 130 meters below (426 feet), the first of two bridges extends 150 meters (492 feet) long, and the second bridge is 80 meters of 262 feet high and 140 meters or 459 feet long. Rugged mountain peaks under an endless sky, with a boundless forest on the floor below, the vista of towering waterfalls, whitewater ribbons and crisp, clean air puts the world at your fingertips.
Explore more than three kilometers of mountain trails just off the Trans-Canada Highway, only minutes from Golden, BC, and continue on to the surrounding national parks. Allow a minimum of one and a half hours to experience the Skybridge. banffjaspercollection.com/attractions/golden-skybridge
MALAHAT SKYWALK MALAHAT, BC
The Sky is limitless as we head further westward to Vancouver Island, to visit the Malahat Skywalk. With a history as intriguing as its name, the Malahat is a journey, as well as a destination. A hallowed gathering place of the Malahat First Nations people, its caves were first utilized for spiritual enhancement, and is considered one of the most sacred places on the southern part of the island. Towering 10 stories high and rising 250 meters above sea level, BC’s newest outdoor adventure, the Malahat Skywalk, is the ultimate natural high!
Easily accessible, and wheelchair friendly, the 600-meter wooden boardwalk takes you on an elevated excursion through stands of Douglas fir and smooth red, flowering arbutus, highlighted by works of natural art. The pinnacle is the view. Whether shrouded in mist, or glistening in full sunshine – it’s easy to understand why this sanctuary offered spiritual enhancement. Afterwards, ride down the Malahat 20-metre slide which also offers a fun exit for all ages!
The term “Malahat” refers also to the drive – a 25-kilometer section of the Trans-Canada Highway on the west side of Saanich Inlet, first cut as a cattle trail in 1861. It was upgraded to a rutted wagon trail in 1884, but remained largely inaccessible until 1911, when the intractable Major MacFarlane converted the tortuous three-day wagon journey into one of BC’s premier tourist routes today. malahatskywalk.com
PIPE MOUNTAIN COASTER REVELSTOKE, BC
The summer thrills haven’t started until you experience western Canada’s newest tourist attraction – Mountain Roller Coasters. Revelstoke, BC, now has two coaster tracks available, thanks in part to their stratospheric popularity.
Each track is 1.4 kms in length and features twists, turns and a tunnel. The Pipe Mountain Coaster will coast sedately over the terrain and tree canopy surrounding – until it dips and dives in sharp contrast hurtling at speeds of up to 42 kph down the descent. Be forewarned, this is the thrill of a lifetime! revelstokemountainresort.com
Joycelin
Shewchuk
Tom
Poole
A spiritual and elevated excursion. Come down from the Malahat tower on the 20-metre spiral slidea ride for all ages!
A driftwood art sculpture depicting a cougar by artist, Tanya Bub, displayed as part of the Malahat Skywalk.
ALBERTA
TIPI ACCOMMODATIONS AT GO HARD RANCH WILDWOOD, AB
Stay overnight in an authentic Tipi at Go Hard Ranch and soak in its ancient energy. Choose from three hand-painted options, pull your chair close to the tipi’s stone propane fire pit and spend the evening with friends or loved ones. In addition to the tipis, Go Hard Ranch offers a variety of accommodations, is a wedding venue and offers specialty events throughout the year. Bring your horses and experience their 1,700 acres of riding trails, cook a quaint meal in their cook shack or tube down the Pembina River! gohardranch.ca
SJ Photography
The War Horse Spirit Tipi is a 24-foot tipi with hand-painted warhorse images running wild on its canvas
The 26-foot Bison Spirit Tipi, is the perfect option for families or a group of friends wanting an upscale, yet authentic experience.
DISNEY’S IMMERSIVE EXPERIENCE CALGARY, AB
Calgary Stampede’s BMO Centre brings a different experience to life this year, from June 12th through August 18th with the art and animatronics of the Walt Disney Animation Studios. The new Disney Immersive Animation experience will see you through all the magic and memories of the Little Mermaid, remind you of the jungle haunts of Simba and his friends, and bring you the
SPRUCE MEADOWS CALGARY,
SEPT. 4-8, 2024
glitter of Elsa’s crystal castle! There are many magical extras; see the floor scatter leaves in reaction to your steps, encounter fairy dust and catch edible bubbles! (TIP! If you pre-purchase your Immersive Animation experience prior to the Stampede, your ticket also includes admission to Stampede Park!) calgarystampede.com/immersive-disney-animation
Take in the annual equestrian show jumping ‘Masters’ Tournament scheduled September 4-8, 2024 at Calgary’s premiere show jumping facility, Spruce Meadows. This year, the Masters is delighted to welcome back athletes who have recently competed at the Paris Summer Olympic Games. Not only that, competitions for the Blacksmithing World Championships will also be held every day of the Masters Tournament. Witness this historic component of animal husbandry which is making a huge comeback in terms of competitive abilities. There is no shortage of entertainment and excitement in the equine world. Get your own piece of the action! sprucemeadows.com
Bubbles, music and interactive flooring is all part of the Disney Immersive experience.
LEFT: This year, athletes who recently contended at the Paris Summer Olympic Games will attend the Spruce Meadows ‘Masters’ Tournament. RIGHT: The year, the Masters Tournament will host the Blacksmith World Championships, with competitions held every day of the event.
Kyle Flubacker
HARDGRASS BRONC MATCH POLLOCKVILLE, AB
JULY 27, 2024
Held always on the last Saturday of July, the Berry Creek Agricultural Society will present its 7th Annual Hardgrass Bronc Match this July 27, 2024. This is the highest paying, single day bronc riding event that brings competitors from across North America to Pollockville, AB. You won’t want to miss this Canadian Professional Rodeo Association and Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association sanctioned event!
Not only does your ticket include access to both the Bronc Star Tour Finals (July 26) and Bronc Match but it also includes free camping, admission to the tradeshow and the Prairie Oyster Cookoff. hardgrassbroncmatch.ca
ABOVE: The Bronc Star Tour Finals commence July 26 with 20 competitors and five coming back to compete in the short round. BELOW: Just prior to the Hardgrass Bronc Match (which starts at 7 pm July 27), this event hosts an annual Prairie Oyster Cookoff, starting at 4:00 pm with six teams competing to be the best!
Logan Armstrong, Crowbait
Creative
SASKATCHEWAN
FORT WALSH MAPLE CREEK, SK
One of Canada’s most significant achievements was the implementation of a strong policing presence across the country. As we move away from the hustle and excitement of Stampede country, follow the trail of the NorthWest Mounted Police as they came west. Known as the Redcoat Trail, we travel the route in reverse – from what was previously known as Fort Calgary – to historic Fort Walsh southwest of Maple Creek, Saskatchewan.
Nestled in the Cypress Hills, this location is a hotbed of Canadian history. Sent to scourge the area of the predation of the “wolfers’ and “whiskey traders,” the NWM Police travelled for months on foot and by horse, to arrive at their destination ravaged and sick at the hands of the elements.
Fort Walsh is a testimony to the resilience of our Canadian police heritage, and their determination to make a difference. Plan to make this a day trip, to discover the history of the Fort, as well as exploring the ecological wonders of the Cypress Hills, one of Canada’s only unglaciated natural canvases. tourismsaskatchewan.com
BRIDGE TO NOWHERE HIGHWAY 13, SK
Travelling further east along the Redcoat Trail, we encounter the “bridge that goes to nowhere.” Built to cross an early ravine and waterway, the road has long since been altered, and the bridge now rises up from the prairie grasses, long abandoned.
Plan to spend a day at the historic Fort Walsh.
Bridge to Nowhere along Highway 13, Saskatchewan.
Debbie MacRae
WILLOW BUNCH MUSEUM WILLOW BUNCH, SK
Take a short side-trip south to Willow Bunch, one of Saskatchewan’s oldest settlements and the home of Saskatchewan’s largest man, Édouard Beaupré. Beaupré, (January 9, 1881 – July 3, 1904) better known by his nickname “The Willow Bunch Giant” was a Canadian circus and freak show giant, professional wrestler, strongman, and star of Barnum and Bailey’s circus. He was one of the tallest men in recorded history, with a reported height of 2.52 m (8 ft 3 in).Pay tribute to the legend at the Willow Bunch Museum and camp in the elevations of the Jean Louis Legare campground, the founder of Willow Bunch.
Édouard Beaupré reportedly stood 8 feet, 3 inches.
OGEMA TRAIN STATION
OGEMA, SK
Eastward to Ogema, SK, the stark outline of the Ogema train station comes into view issuing an invitation to ride the rails. Blowing steam from its nostrils like a pent-up mustang, the engine whistle announces its comings and goings as passengers
climb aboard, eager to see what the countryside has to offer. Offering excursions every weekend from June through September 29, 2024, the Southern Prairie Railway pulls “the past into the future with old fashioned train rides,” and the opportunity to support STARS Air Ambulance with an oldfashioned robbery. Tickets come with an option for a pioneer meal on the Settler’s Supper Train ride, or Texas style BBQ. southernprairierailway.ca
Plan to spend a day at the historic Fort Walsh.
The Southern Prairie Railway features old fashioned train rides.
5
LEGENDS of WESTERN ART
Without art, life would be boring. Meet five artists and artisans who are so talented in their individual mediums they are not only helping us to remember what matters – they are also lending us hope. In no respective order, here they are…
By JENN WEBSTER
A BEAUTIFUL MESS Acrylic and humour on wide gallery
36
(SOLD) by
are
Travers paints predominately in oils with a deep love and awe for her subjects, which are typically animals of the western lifestyle. Drawing on her lifetime of knowledge, whether it’s a hand-forged shoe applied to a living hoof, initiating a baby horse into a ridden one, watching people develop a greater sensitivity and feel with their horses, or refining her own appreciation for the art of equitation – it all influences her work. Travers submits special pieces to art shows and does commission work. stefanietravers.ca
Longview, AB
With an interest in rodeo and a career in welding, the idea of combining art with the fabrication of unique working cowboy gear seemed a good mix. His contemporary style of arena spurs started his business. Now his passion is providing the working with a using bit that has its own visual twist – Valine’s mix of rich patina steels and contrasting silver overlays give an oldworld flavour to his work.
CLOCKWISE:
wrap,
x12
Stefanie Travers. D A pair of DOMINIC VALINE’S SPURS in action, proving these pieces
functional works of art. D ANGEL OR DEVIL on Linen Panel, 12 x 12” (Available) by Darcy Presiloski. D DRESS Photo by Miles Maldaner.
Kim Taylor Photo
CLOCKWISE: A CUSTOM MADE
BELT, by Scott Hardy. D RIATA Oil on Linen Panel, 48 x 36″ (SOLD ) by Darcy Presiloski. D TIME AND PLACE crylic and honour on canvas, 30 x 20” (SOLD) by Stefanie Travers. D The creative seed was planted early in Dominic Valine, by supportive parents. Pictured here is one of his bits.
Darcy
A farm background led Darcy Presiloski to focusing her art primarily on the western lifestyle. Her inspiration comes from brandings, cattle drives, rodeos and sometimes, while driving by a field on the highway. She finds the story from the animals, day-to-day activities and gear of the working cowboy in the paintings that she creates. She works in oils, pastels, graphite and charcoal, and horses are a particular favourite. darcypresiloski.com
gview, AB
A fifth generation stockman, Scott Hardy understands the dedication required to excel and though largely self-taught, Hardy acknowledges the influence of modern masters. The silversmith is a founding member of the Traditional Cowboy Arts Association (TCAA) and has an extremely impressive resume. Hardy offers custom pieces and unique trappings that truly preserve western heritage. scotthardy.com
CLOCKWISE: STAMPEDE RANCH A photo from Stampede Ranch, by Miles Maldaner. D Blue Resin spurs DOMINIC VALINE D TWO AMIGOS on Linen Panel, 12 x 16” (Available) by Darcy Presiloski. D A tribute to the TCAA’s 10th anniversary, Scott Hardy created this FLASK AND SHOT GLASS SET complete with a custom-fitted bloodwood presentation box and sculpted bucking horse closure. D TRANSCENDENCE Oil and spirit on linen panel, 9x12” (SOLD) by Stefanie Travers.
With a wide range of photographical experience, Miles Maldaner now particularly enjoys the area of equestrian photography. From up close and intense action, to casual evening portraits (and everything in between) the photographer’s mission is to create special photos that capture a moment of magic. Just as people have unique personalities, horses are unique characters and certainly the relationship of horse and rider is special and extraordinary. Maldaner has the eye to capture that treasured relationship. milesfoto.ca
MY BEST FRIEND’S CLOSET
By Jenn Webster
@gonewestmedia
This year, we curated the best Stampede style outfits on a budget of Zero. Here are some of the best fit tips for 2024 trends, we guarantee you can pull together by mixing things up with your friends.
Photography by Gone West Media
Make-up by Kayla’s Makeup Designs @kaylasmakeupdesigns
Models are Emily Crichton, Brandy & Truly Fleetwood
Fringe & Pops of Colour
Fringe is always in style for Stampede, so consider one statement piece to build your outfit around. Flared or bootcut jeans are a great staple that can easily be added in, as are white tanks. Accessorize with a great belt, statement earrings, turquoise and lots of western rings. Don’t forget! Felt hats are gorgeous but for the heat of Stampede, you may want to consider a straw or palm leaf lid instead.
Coastal Cowgirl
We know. Boots aren’t always acceptable on boats… But during Stampede, the outfit starts there. White boots have been high on the western scene for a few years now and as far as we can tell, they aren’t going anywhere soon. These kicks make it easy to pair with other colours or textures, like embellished denim –potentially THE biggest trend of the year. Pearls, stars, studded or crystallized denim offers a unique contrasting effect that elevates your fit to a new level. Finish off the look with a trucker hat. A mesh hat will not only protect you from the sun, they pay homage to a rural or blue collar association and typically older demographic. They might even help you stay true to your roots!
Button-Downs & Jeans
It’s true that even on the hottest days, cowboys and girls prefer to wear longsleeved shirts and jeans. Along with a hat and boots, these two staples are functional and fashionable. Real ranch hands know that short-sleeved shirts will get you cut up in the bush and subject your arms to sunburn and bug bites. The button-downs of today are lightweight, cool and come in
a variety of colours and designs – suiting every personal style. Jeans are worn for safety and comfort. Denim offers durability and protection from thorns, hay burrs, barbed-wire scratches and a host of other ranch hazards. Hence, if you want to show up in the genuine dress code of the west, you can’t go wrong with a button-down and jeans.
Glam Cowgirl
If you’re looking for something to wear to Nashville North or just an outfit to stand out, “Glam Cowgirl” is probably the best way to go. Believe it or not, you can pair almost any fringe-worthy or sparkly piece with western attire. Bold colours, jewels, sequins, prints, rhinestones or Southwestern patterns are all on the table when it comes to Stampede –you just have to find what works for you! Felt hats are more appropriate (and cooler) in the evening and offer a polished, authentic finish to your overall look.
Jim Key, the spelling horse standing by his numbers and letters. (attraction on the Pike at the 1904 World’s Fair.)
CREDIT: Public Domain.
Liniment of Love
It took an ex-slave and a horse to create change in the world. Here’s how Beautiful Jim Key and his trainer, William Key, captivated the continent by demonstrating the “power of kindness.”
BY DEBBIE MACRAE
Born into slavery in 1833, he was considered one of the “lucky” ones. He was loved. He was bright and witty, caring and compassionate. His owner loved him like a son, and along with his own two boys, they schooled him and taught him letters and numbers. He was soon reading, writing and learning arithmetic – a privilege not afforded to other slaves. Like most men in bondage, the young slave took the name of his master, William Key.
Even as a child, Key was a hard worker and loved animals. When he entered a barn, there was a general commotion as various and sundry animals vied for his attention – and he always had time to give them. He worked in the stable and learned to vaccinate, massage sore muscles, and shoe horses and mules.
Key read voraciously, schooling himself in veterinary terminology and practice. He had a natural, God-given talent, and a quieting barn-manner with his “patients.” Key also had special success with the mules. Before long, he was practicing veterinary surgery in the south, including dentistry for both man and beast. He was a strong believer in “voodoo medicine” and often recited incantations while he created his potions and liniments for healing. Soon people were bringing animals from all around the country to see “Dr. Bill.”
Key was 28 years of age when the American Civil War broke out; the underlying conflict being the moral issue of slavery, and its affiliated economic and political controls. One would have expected him to try to seize the opportunity to escape to freedom amongst the general upheaval created by the war. However, in an act of unselfish gratitude to his master and two white “brothers,” Key joined their ranks in the company of the Festerville Guards, Under Brigadier General Joseph B. Palmer of the Southern Army in Murfreesboro, Tennessee, Key helped fight against the northerners in the Union Army. He loved his masters and they loved him, and in an effort to keep them from being killed, he joined to protect them. His only motivation? Love.
LOVE & LOYALTY
Throughout the war, Key continued to demonstrate his love and loyalty. When Yankee troops under the com-
Dr. William Key with Beautiful Jim Key, approximately 1900.
CREDIT: Beautiful Jim Key Collection, 34031, Tennessee State Library and Archives, Tennessee Virtual Archive.
of General Ulysses S. Grant stormed Tennessee’s Fort Donelson, in February 1862, they captured more than 12,000 Confederate prisoners, along with ‘mountains’ of weapons and supplies.
It was at Fort Donelson that Key built his own small fortification in the ground, referred to by his fellow soldiers as “Fort Bill.” Covered with logs and debris, he and his young masters would dive into it when the Union troops commenced fire. When Fort Donelson surrendered, Key found an unguarded entrance, took the boys, and escaped into the opposing rebel lines with important papers to secure their futures.
From there, they joined the ranks of Confederate General Nathan Bedford Forrest, the South’s greatest revolutionary cavalry strategist, nicknamed, the “Wizard of the Saddle,” and known for his prowess as a military strategist. They served as scouts and guides to General Forrest, who ironically, would later be criticized for his pre-war slave trading, his authority in the Fort Pillow massacre of surrendering African-American soldiers, and his postwar leadership role as the Grand Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan.
After the Stone River Battle, Key was caught as he attempted to assist a fellow slave through enemy lines. He was imprisoned for espionage and sentenced to be hanged. However, providence intervened once more, and after six weeks of prison, Key was selected to cook for a captain, known for his penchant for gambling. A
Consistently winning poker games with the Union soldiers, Key essentially gambled his way to freedom. In six weeks, the Captain owed him more than a thousand dollars and gave him a pass to go home in exchange for the debt. He was captured a second time, and charged with treason, but once again managed to obtain a stay of execution with $1,000 dollars he had sewn between the soles of his shoe. He was freed by the Confederates in a rebel raid the following day. At the end of the war, he had secured enough funds to start building a future as a free man.
Escorting his young masters back home, their return was heart-wrenching. The master had been a war casualty, and the plantation was in ruins. The grieving widow, now deeply in debt, was in ill-health and in danger of losing the property. Heavily mortgaged, they turned to Key – their former slave – for assistance.
THE LINIMENT
Motivated, impassioned, and self-reliant, Key was an ardent animal-lover and entrepreneur. Fuelled by his own learning and love of veterinary medicine, he utilized his poker winnings to develop a topical liniment for both veterinary and medicinal use. He had a keen business sense and in only a few years had earned enough to redeem the plantation mortgage. Then he focused his energy on sending his young
mand
gambler himself, Key seized the opportunity.
“brothers” to school and setting them up in business.
It wasn’t until he had secured the futures of his former owners, that Key turned his attention to his own affairs. He opened a hotel, wagon shop and barn, and tended to sick horses and mules. He patented his liniment, and there was such a great demand for it, he formed a minstrel band and peddled it throughout the South.
The Horse – Beautiful Jim Key
As he traveled, Key encountered many wealthy and influential people, and began accruing his own fortune.
One day, while travelling near Tupelo, Mississippi, Key, now known as Dr. Bill Key, spotted a beautiful Arabian mare grazing in a pasture. Upon seeking out her owner, he chanced to learn that she had been a trick horse in a disbanded circus and was in ill-health from neglect and abuse. The horses were to be sold to recoup some of the debt, and Dr. Bill purchased her for $40, along with a few others. It was alleged that the beautiful mare, whose name was Lauretta, had been stolen from an Arabian sheik, and then sold to the circus for $50,000.
Seeing her malnourished and defeated, Dr. Bill coaxed Lauretta back to health, and after a year or so, she began to learn new tricks. As Dr. Bill travelled, she became the drawing card for his veterinary practice and liniment, and his business continued to grow.
As Lauretta’s sparkle and natural beauty returned, Dr. Bill bred her to a Hambletonian sire by the name of Tennessee Volunteer, hoping to kindle a likeness in her progeny. Hambletonian was the original top sire, of what would later be known as the Standardbred horse.
Dr. Bill had high expectations of the colt; as Lauretta (the dam) was the most intelligent horse he had ever seen, and Tennessee Volunteer was an athletic celebrity. However, Dr. Bill was distressed to confront a spindly, unsightly colt, whose stance and gait bordered on crippled at birth. Bill considered having him euthanized. He walked as if he was intoxicated, and Dr. Bill, having previously chosen him a Biblical name, determined to name him “Jim,” after the local town drunk.
A year later, his precious Lauretta died, and Dr. Bill was inconsolable. The loss of the dam was common ground, and Dr. Bill turned his attention to Jim. Working his liniment into Jim’s long, crooked legs, Dr. Bill spent hours massaging and working the muscles. As the proportions of his body changed, those long spindly legs straightened out, his coat was glossy, and he showed a keen alertness and intelligence.
Jim lived in the house with Dr. Bill and his second wife, Hattie, following them around like a puppy, checking out everything they did, constantly wanting their attention. Hattie was extremely fond of him and would often ask him if he wanted an apple – to which he would broadly nod his
head, delighting her with his response.
Jim started to demonstrate just how intelligent he was, when he started letting himself in and out of gates and stealing apples from Dr. Bill’s desk. Dr. Bill had a drawer with a string on it, in which he stored apples. One day when he went to get an apple, the desk drawer was empty, and thinking it was local boys, he again filled the drawer. However, when he once again found the drawer empty, in the absence of any boys and he watched from a distance, to realize that Jim was the culprit. The horse would pull the string, open the drawer, and take the apples.
Dr. Bill quickly realized that Jim was a wonderful asset. He taught him to roll and display symptoms of colic; then to pretend that he was lame or ill and to recover upon application of the liniment. Those antics were very beneficial to his medicine business.
He taught him to fetch things, and to identify and discern between colours. The more he worked with Jim, the more he realized that Jim was more than just a horse – he was a horse of extraordinary intelligence, and beyond learning as much as Dr. Bill could teach him – he was a close companion.
During the teaching process, Dr. Bill recognized that Jim needed a motivator – a prize to reward him for his efforts. He decided to give him a piece of sugar every time he succeeded at something. The biggest barrier was that Jim wouldn’t eat the sugar! He refused time and again. It was presented on the hand, tied to the bridle, sprinkled in the
SCRAPBOOK Pages from the Beautiful Jim Key Scrapbook. This scrapbook, circa 1900, contains items such as newspaper
grain – but without recognizing what sugar really was, he had no prize.
One day, as Jim was grazing on apples in the orchard, Dr. Bill got the idea to coat an apple with sugar. It took six months, reducing the apple and increasing the sugar, before Jim learned that his reward was the sugar –and what a reward it was! He loved it.
It wasn’t long before Dr. Bill decided he would teach him to recognize the letter “A.” In the beginning, he had intended ONLY to teach him words associated with “A.” Dr. Bill got cards with the letter “A” on them and coated them with sugar. Then, presenting the card with the letter, Jim would lick the sugar off the card as Dr. Bill recited the letter “A” repeatedly. Dr. Bill kept the horse away from distractions like other people and animals in the barn, and working together daily, man and horse accomplished what appeared to be the impossible. Cards were placed in a letter rack, and Dr. Bill would repeat the letter until Jim got it right. Then he was rewarded.
After six months, when Dr. Bill was certain Jim knew the letter “A,” he taught him to bring him the card – using an apple in a handkerchief. Tugging on the handkerchief, Jim was rewarded when he presented the card with the “A.” The same process was followed for the letter “B,” and it was only weeks later that Jim had accomplished that letter, as well. He learned the entire alphabet in similar fashion, and a year later, he learned to write. Letters were written on a blackboard with water, and then covered
in sugar. Within months, he started learning how to spell.
After the alphabet, horse and man concentrated on numbers – and Jim learned to count from one to 35. Taught daily, over the course of several years, Jim learned to add, subtract, multiply and divide.
He learned to pick a silver dollar out of a pail of water – without swallowing the water – with sugar, of course! That trick won him $10,000 from a circus man in Chattanooga. He learned to tell time, ring the telephone, spell the days of the week, identify playing cards, play a hand organ, file letters, distinguish coins and money,
make change from a cash register, identify Bible passages depicting horses, and spell people’s names.
In 1897, the Nashville Centennial Exposition opened in Nashville, Tennessee, and Dr. William Key, now known primarily as Dr. Key, approached the Director General with a proposition to display Jim’s talents. His offer was rejected as absurd. He persisted and given his influence as a renowned “doctor,” he managed to get his horse into the grounds, where he commenced his own sideshow. He drew crowds numbering in the thousands, simply by standing Jim on a platform and demon-
Photo by Bill Ray Photography
articles, tickets, brochures, letters, photographs, relating to Beautiful Jim Key and his travels. CREDIT: Tennessee State Library and Archives.
Beautiful Jim Key is pictured working a cash register with his nose while a crowd of men watch. CREDIT: Tennessee State Library and Archives.
strating his accomplishments.
Dr. Key was later approached by a New York businessman by the name of Albert Rogers, who was so astonished by Jim’s feats that he offered to buy him for $10,000. Jim was not for sale, however. Mr. Rogers then pursued the possibility of promoting him for a percentage. The deal was sealed, and Beautiful Jim Key debuted his first official performance on Monday August 9, 1897 in New York.
From there, Beautiful Jim Key hosted private showings for elite horse-fanciers, drew large crowds at limited engagements, and entertained thousands of people at fairs and expositions. But Jim’s work had only just begun.
Mr. Rogers and his uncle, who was the principal of the 8th Street District School in Cincinnati, Ohio, suggested it would be appropriate to showcase Beautiful Jim Key to the schoolchildren of his district, to demonstrate what patience and kindness could accomplish with animals. The school board unanimously disagreed stating, “We can’t close our schools for horse shows, or monkey shows.”
mouth, and shake his head in disapproval for the deception.
Not to be dissuaded, Mr. Rogers rented Music Hall, capable of seating 4,000 people, and invited all his friends, teachers, and members of the school board. The members were so impressed, that two days later a meeting was called, and the school children of the district were given the opportunity, for a fee of 10 cents, to see the Wonder Horse (to teach them the value of education).
Jim now had a dual-purpose career – not only was he a money maker, he was a living example of love, kindness, and humane teaching.
Of course, there were always nay-sayers, and people who disputed the reality of what they were seeing. People tried to confuse Jim by mixing up the letters of the alphabet by placing them out of sequence. He would search until he found the right card, and then spell the word correctly irrespective of the letter location. On a few occasions, one or two of the letters required for a word were removed from the rack – such as removing the letter “H” from “children.” Jim would search for the appropriate letters on the rack, and not finding them, he would stamp his feet, blow foam from his
President Teddy Roosevelt’s daughter, Alice, attended the World’s Fair in St. Louis, Missouri with Congressman Nicholas Longworth on opening day in 1904. When asked to spell Alice’s name, Beautiful Jim Key dutifully spelled “Alice Roosevelt,” and as he was finishing the last letter, someone yelled out “Longworth!”
Jim continued writing Alice Roosevelt Longworth – which created no end of laughter for the crowd, as they were not yet married!
On one occasion, a reporter came to “interview” Beautiful Jim Key. Dr. Bill was asked to leave the area so as not to cue or coach the horse. During the whole interview, Jim stood, as silent as a normal horse – and refused to respond to ANY of his questions. The reporter got angry with Dr. Bill stating that Jim was just a farce and the whole idea was a sham. Jim was just an average horse! Dr. Bill shook his head and asked Jim why he wasn’t cooperating. Jim responded by pulling the letters to spell “fruitless,” his own joke – because the reporter had failed to pay him with a treat or piece of fruit. After that, the reporter was a believer!
Jim’s “Key” accomplishments included, beating two of the brightest students in Columbus, Ohio, in a spelling bee; hav-
ing political discussions by spelling responses; performing mathematical equations; making change from a cash register; spelling the names of random people in the crowd, and breaking the Kansas City World record for the largest number of paid attendees to attend an exhibition in one day on March 20, and again on March 21, 1906, with over 22,000 people paying to see his performance.
Beautiful Jim Key was estimated to have the educational equivalent of a student his own age – approximately 12 years, with an eighth-grade education, after his seven or eight years of teaching.
Buffalo Bill’s Wild West Company reported Beautiful Jim Key as having “almost human intelligence,” the greatest of all trained horses. “Jim Key will live in history as the greatest horse ever exhibited.”
President William McKinley (25th President of the United States) attended his exhibition in June of 1897, after which he stated, “This is certainly the most astonishing and entertaining exhibition I have ever witnessed. It is indeed a grand object lesson of what kindness and patience will accomplish.”
Dr. William Key died at the age of 76 years on October 18, 1909, preceding Beautiful Jim Key in death by three years. His care was taken over by his groom, William’s brother-in-law, for the remainder of his life. Dr. Key is buried at Willow Mount Cemetery in Shelbyville, Tennessee.
Beautiful Jim Key followed his beloved trainer three years later, and when Jim died, Dr. Key’s widow buried him in a rose garden in the front lawn of her home. In 1968, his remains were exhumed and reburied in a simple pine coffin, on the Jim Key Farm, dedicated to his memory.
From the adversity of slavery grew a man of compassion and caring, who fostered a mare from the seeds of abuse. Beautiful Jim Key was their progeny; a product of love and commitment, patience, and devotion –and with a most unusual outcome –intelligence and cognitive thinking.
Imagine what could be accomplished, if this were a universal application.
Will Ride for Food
APPLE PIE ICE CREAM
We were just youngsters when the family set out on a road trip west. Not quite elementary, but not teenagers either. We were headed through the mountains, for a summer stay at a lake. It was a long drive back in those days – no iPads, cell phones, nor in-vehicle entertainment systems for movie watching.
Us kids were becoming restless. And Dad was becoming annoyed.
That’s when a highway sign popped up, featuring an ice cream parlour and petting zoo. It was the perfect roadside attraction –and exactly what our family of five needed at the moment. Dad pulled the car in and us kids scrambled into the sunshine of the parking lot.
Inside the parlour, there were so many choices of ice cream! I finally settled on a flavour called “Homemade Apple Pie.” After each of us carefully choose our flavours and cones – some with two scoops, some with three – we all headed out to see the animals the highway sign had promised. Back in the day, visitors could actually go inside the enclosures and pet the farm critters.
All of a sudden, my brother started complaining about the British Columbia heat and how easily his ice cream was melting. It
By Bronco Betty
caused his cone to become soft and break. He was now lapping up that three-scoop deal in rapid fashion.
I had made friends with a goat and took much delight in my brother’s demise. After all, he had been merciless in the car! Boredom had taken over and he had decided to pass the time by pinching me when the parents didn’t notice. He didn’t hesitate to throw other insults my way either.
Admittedly, my brother was quicker-witted than I and the fact that I could never think of a “come back” frustrated me, to no end.
Back to the goat.
So here I was, petting my new friend (who was probably more interested in my ice cream than she was with me). I pretended not to notice.
When all of a sudden, my cone became soft. Then it broke too! Heck, that double scoop of apple pie ice cream did a triple-flip in pike position landed right in front of my clovenhoofed buddy. She was in her glory as she began lapping up all of its creamy goodness.
“This can’t be good for her, or the other animals,” I thought to myself. “I better pick it up.”
Dutifully, I got to work trying to scoop up what remained of the ice cream from the ground. With nothing else to carry it out of
the petting zoo with, I used the rest of the broken cone to lump the dropped scoops up from the ground.
Mom saw me leaving the goat pen and asked what I was doing. She saw that I was headed straight towards a garbage can. She also knew the price of that double scoop.
“My cone broke,” I replied, miserably.
“Your brother’s cone broke too – and he’s still eating his…?” she responded.
I looked down at my ice cream. It was covered in sawdust and I’m pretty sure the odd dropping was lumped in now too. There was no way I was going to continue eating it.
“Mom, I can’t eat it. My cone broke!” I tried to explain.
She didn’t listen and before I could even realize what was happening, Mom thrust her own cone into my hands in exchange for mine.
“Here! Take my ice cream, I’ll take yours…” She took a big bite of the apple pie ice cream – with all of its new toppings.
My jaw dropped.
“Hmmmm, what flavour is this?” she asked.
“Apple pie,” I stammered.
To this day, it’s a story I love telling her grandchildren.
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