What’s New in Lab Technology Dec11/Jan2012

December 2011/January 2012

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People, News & Views

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contents

Imaging mass spectrometry

Clinical

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Genetically engineered autistic rats

13 Analytical

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Data sharing revolution

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Non-therapeutic use of antibiotics adding to antibiotic resistance loads

27 Life Sciences

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Free software to speed drug development

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Conference season in Lorne

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Crossword

Dec 2011/Jan 2012 - WHAT’S NEW IN LAB TECHNOLOGY

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PEOPLE NEWS VIEWS Alzheimer’s vaccine cures memory of mice

Australian distributor for Michell Instruments

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vaccine that slows the progression of Alzheimer’s disease and other types of dementia has been developed by researchers at the University of Sydney’s Brain and Mind Research Institute (BMRI).

The vaccine, which targets a protein known as tau, prevents the ongoing formation of neurofibrillary tangles in the brain of a mouse with Alzheimer’s disease.

This progressive neurodegenerative disease affects more than 35 million people worldwide. The tau protein is also involved in front temporal dementia, the second most common form of dementia in people younger than 65 years.

Lead author on the study Associate Professor Lars Ittner, from the Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Disease Laboratory, said: “Our study is the first to show that a vaccine targeting the tau protein can be effective once the disease has already set in.

“The vaccine appears to have a preventative effect: slowing the development of further tangles, rather than clearing existing ones, but the exact mechanism involved is not yet understood,” he said.

According to Associate Professor Ittner, scientists have been working on vaccines targeting the amyloid plaques seen in Alzheimer’s for many years, with a few currently in clinical trials.

“Most of the other vaccines targeting tau were tested only before or around the onset of the disease in animal models, but the vast majority of people with Alzheimer’s disease are only diagnosed after the symptoms have appeared,” said Professor Ittner.

“We are already collaborating with the US pharmaceutical industry to develop this new vaccine for humans.

“Although we have a long way to go before the vaccine might be available for human use, these early results are very promising and a great reward for the countless hours spent in the lab by me and my team!”

The results of the study, which led to the production of the vaccine, have been published today in the scientific journal PLoS ONE.

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MS Instrumentation & Calibration has been appointed exclusive distributor for the Michell Instruments range of analytical instrumentation for Australia.

AMS has recently formed three internal divisions: Calibration hardware and software; Flow, pressure and level instrumentation; and Analytical. Additional announcements regarding appointments for other analytical companies are expected in the near future.

Michell Instruments manufactures dewpoint transmitters, cooled mirror hygrometers, relative humidity sensors, process moisture analysers, hydrocarbon dewpoint analysers, moisture in liquid analysers and oxygen analysers. The

company is an international leader in high-precision sensing with over 30 years’ experience in the field.

The Michell range of high-precision capacitive moisture sensors helps users to measure trace moisture in their process applications, while the relative humidity transmitters and relative humidity and temperature sensors are suitable for use in HVAC applications, pharmaceutical storage and other production processes where controlled environmental conditions are crucial.

Michell also offers humidity calibration systems and reference dewpoint hygrometers which enable users to carry out calibration of portable hygrometers and relative humidity instruments in-house.

The company also offers high-speed measurement of oxygen in a range of applications, including combustion optimisation for power stations, controlling levels of CO2 for breweries and clean-gas processes, such as silicon wafer production and pure gas generation.

Analysers for moisture in hydrocarbon liquids are available in explosion-proof, intrinsically safe and laboratory versions, and allow the continuous measurement of the moisture content in a wide range of hydrocarbon liquids, including transformer oil, hydraulic oil, petrochemical fractions and pure hydrocarbons.

New appointment to CSIRO board

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rofessor Peter Høj, Vice Chancellor and President of the University of South Australia, has been appointed a part-time member to the CSIRO Board.

Announcing the appointment, Innovation Minister Senator Kim Carr congratulated Professor Høj on his appointment and said that his experience working with government, research, science and the higher education sector will be of great value to the CSIRO Board.

“Professor Høj’s insight into Australia’s b ro a d e r re s e a rch a n d i n n ov a t i o n

environment and his practical knowledge of research will be valuable additions to the CSIRO Board,” said Senator Carr.

“He is well placed to contribute to the board’s strategic and oversight responsibilities, especially with respect to CSIRO’s advisory role to government and its crucial interactions with universities, including through the Flagship Collaboration Fund program.

“I congratulate Professor Høj on his appointment and look forward to his support for CSIRO’s important work.”

WHAT’S NEW IN LAB TECHNOLOGY - Dec 2011/Jan 2012

Let your work flow.

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• Dual POD (point-of-delivery) concept saves space and increases convenience.

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Merck Millipore and the M mark are trademarks of Merck KGaA.

PEOPLE NEWS VIEWS World’s most bio-secure lab opens for business

Urgent boost needed for science and maths

he world’s most advanced bio-secure laboratory, the AAHL Collaborative Biosecurity Research Facility (ACBRF), has officially opened at CSIRO’s Australian Animal Health Laboratory (AAHL) in Geelong.

The ACBRF allows researchers from across Australia and overseas to work together on projects of national importance, using the highest levels of biological containment.

The centre was built with the aid of $8.5 million in federal funding, through the National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy.

According to AAHL Director Professor Martyn Jeggo, in addition to identifying and characterising viruses, the new facility will be used to investigate the origin and treatment of animal and ‘zoonotic’ diseases - that is, diseases that can be transmitted between humans and animals.

“There is an urgent need to move forward with a collaborative effort, commonly referred to as a ‘One Health’ approach, which links human, animal and environmental health professionals together,” Professor Jeggo said.

“The One Health approach is becoming crucial with about 70% of emerging diseases affecting humans originating in animals - including Hendra, bird flu and SARS.” The ACBRF is located within AAHL’s high containment facility and incorporates a linked Australian microscopy and microanalysis research facility. This facility enables fundamental research with infectious disease agents that require the highest levels of biocontainment.

AAHL has developed a significant international reputation as one of the world’s finest animal bioscience research laboratories and is the most sophisticated laboratory in the world for the safe handling and containment of infectious micro-organisms.

The additional high containment laboratory facility at AAHL will provide the necessary bio-secure and bio-safe infrastructure required to undertake vital research to effectively tackle increasing biosecurity threats - in Australia and around the world.

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he Academy of Science’s Executive Committee of Council met to discuss a $403.6 million cut to HECS support for science, mathematics and statistics students, announced in the Mid-Year Economic and Fiscal Outlook 2011-2012.

“The number of young Australians studying science and maths at high school and university has been in steady decline for two decades,” Academy President, Professor Suzanne Cory said.

“We are slipping behind neighbouring countries in maths and science performance at secondary school and there are growing shortages in the workforce of young people with maths and science skills.

“This decline in enrolments must be addressed. The academy calls on the

government to respond with policies to support improved primary and high school science and mathematics education and to attract and retain university science and maths students.

“Australia’s robust economic future dep ends upon innovation. This is not the time to withdraw support for the next generation of scientists and mathematicians.

“The Australian Academy of Science urges the government to support science education at all levels with both policy and budget measures.”

The academy will work with Chief Scientist Professor Ian Chubb to develop new means for lifting student participation rates in science and mathematics.

Prof Bruce McKellar to head international physics union

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rofessor McKellar was elected PresidentDesignate at the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) General Assembly in London.

When he takes office in 2014, he will become the union’s first Australian president - and its first president from the Southern Hemisphere.

IUPAP was formed in 1922 to represent physics internationally. Australia became a member in 1925.

The mission of the union is to assist in the worldwide development of physics, to foster international cooperation in physics and to help in the application of physics toward solving problems of concern to humanity.

“Today, more than ever, physics is an international activity, with many of its problems being attacked by international

collaborations of physicists,” Professor McKellar said.

“I am honoured to accept this appointment, which recognises the increasingly significant international role of Australian physicists.”

WHAT’S NEW IN LAB TECHNOLOGY - Dec 2011/Jan 2012

spectrometry

Imaging mass spectrometry In the life sciences, imaging methods such as microscopy play a central role.

The technique of imaging mass spectrometry is a new and analytic method in this field that promises many benefits.

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maging mass spectrometry promises to deliver important advances, for example in the identification of biomarkers in molecular pathology, in the characterisation and functional analysis of natural materials and signalling substances in plants and insects, or in the search for diagnostic and prognostic marker molecules in the personalised medicine of the future.

It is of particular interest to life sciencists because the method allows the direct, spatially resolved measurement of a variety of analytically relevant substances in a tissue sample, and so achieves a spatial resolution in the micron range. In contrast to the classical methods for visualising proteins in tissue, imaging mass spectrometry also requires no prior knowledge of the target protein. Thus, the detection of thousands of components is possible at the same time.

In Germany, the Joint Committee of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) has decided, as part of the ‘Imaging Mass Spectrometry in the Life Sciences’ initiative, to equip nine universities with appropriate major instrumentation systems. A total of 5.8 million euros has been allocated to the Humboldt University in Berlin, the Technical University of Munich, the Aachen University of Technology and the universities of Bielefeld, Giessen, Jena, Kiel, Cologne and Münster. The nine universities will receive mass spectrometers of the highest standard, in order to maintain Germany’s scientific leadership in this area, and to develop it further.

HPLC and GC time-of-flight mass spectrometers

Spectrograph

The Leco Citius LC-HRT and Pegasus GC-HRT are high-resolution, accurate mass, time-offlight mass spectrometers available in either (U)HPLC or GC platforms.

These high-performance instruments have been developed to withstand the rigours of modern analytical demands in the metabolomics, environmental, food safety and pharmaceutical industries. The approach to data analysis makes no compromise in speed, resolution, mass accuracy, isotopic abundance and dynamic range.

LECO’s Folded Flight Path (FFP) technology enables resolution of up to 100,000 FWHM, mass accuracies less than 1 ppm and acquisition rates up to 200 spectra/s - all with high-integrity isotopic abundance measurements to facilitate rich information content and high-confidence analyte identification.

Signal acquisition is achieved using KADAS technology to provide high-value, high-integrity output under demanding acquisition conditions available. These advances in technology are paired with LECO’s ChromaTOF-HRT software, which utilises True Signal Deconvolution for accurate peak identification.

Leco Australia Pty Ltd Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/M097

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The Andor Shamrock SR-750 spectrograph is based on Czerny-Turner optical design and is available as a prealigned detector/spectrometer option allowing for seamless integration of software, electronics, optics and detector.

There is a fast and interactive graphical software interface allowing full control of all the spectrograph functions. A triple gating turret provides a simple way to change gratings within the unit and it comes with either USB interface or RS232, enabling the user to benefit from plug-and-play convenience.

Accessories include optical fibres and adaptors, motorised filter wheel, additional grating turrets with preinstalled gratings and detector adapters.

Applications include fluorescence, luminescence, micro-fluorescence, absorption-transmission-reflection, Raman (stimulated, resonance, CARS, SERS, SORS), photon counting, single molecule spectroscopy and plasma studies and LIBS. SciTech Pty Ltd Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/M073

WHAT’S NEW IN LAB TECHNOLOGY - Dec 2011/Jan 2012

spectrometry UV-vis spectrophotometers

Spectrometer range

VWR spectrophotometers are reliable, robust and easy-to-use instruments with a range of accessories for tailoring different laboratories’ needs. They are suitable for advanced measurements and quality control.

The application software offers all the important methods expected from a universal instrument. The spectrophotometer’s features include a large LCD, multicell holder as standard, full scanning, high accuracy and precision, in-built memory for ease of use and application software that allows full PC control. Modes include basic, quantitative, wavelength scan, kinetics, multiwavelength and DNA/protein.

VWR spectrophotometers are available in three models and with a range of accessories such as electronic thermostated cell holders and sipper units to suit different applications.

The Prodigy Simultaneous ICP spectrometer range, from Teledyne Leeman Labs, promises unmatched resolution because of a highresolution Echelle optical system, large-format high-speed array detection, full wavelength coverage, simultaneous background correction and fast integration times.

Offering simultaneous elemental analysis for up to 70 elements, the range offers full wavelength coverage from 130-1100 nm, with dual view, axial and radial configurations to improve versatility. Sensitivity is ensured with a wide, linear, dynamic range which typically extends over six orders of magnitude.

The image-stabilised ICP source and long focal length optics eliminate many of the limitations of less sensitive array detectors.

The long-life RF generator and lack of moving parts contribute to a new standard of reliability, productivity and cost of ownership.

The software is easy to use featuring intuitive navigation between applications, full control of the operational parameters, QC controls and system diagnostics including remote service access.

The software also automatically aligns the torch and other optical components for expert results for novice users.

Other features include simultaneous internal standardisation to improve precision and simultaneous background correction to improve detection limits. Difficult analyses such as nitrogen and halogen and alternate sample handling techniques such as laser ablation applications or glove box installations are also claimed to be simple.

VWR Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/M095

Scientifix-Techcomp Pty Ltd

Spectral searching and database creation

Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/L747

Bio-Rad Laboratories has announced an unlimited spectral range and resolution feature in version 9.0 of its KnowItAll software.

KnowItAll 9.0 allows users to store spectra in a user database at the precise range and resolution at which each spectrum was measured rather than being forced to conform to a fixed range and resolution for the entire database. As a result, users have more control over their data and can perform more accurate spectral searches that compare experimental spectra to reference databases.

Researchers use spectral search software to identify unknown substances and verify the composition of synthesised materials in a number of applications and industries. First, precision instruments measure a substance and produce a spectrum, which is expressed as a graph showing a series of peaks and valleys that is specific to the sample material. That spectrum is then compared with a database of the measured spectra of known substances.

If a matching spectrum is found, the material in question can be identified. Bio-Rad’s KnowItAll solutions provide search software tools, as well as the world’s most extensive collection of reference spectra used in this type of analysis.

Technological advances have changed disk space and computational time limitations of computer search methods, making possible major advances in spectroscopic computing. Removing constraints on spectral data is critical to those who perform spectral searches or store spectral data, since altering an original spectrum’s resolution has a significant impact on search results.

With KnowItAll 9.0, researchers can preserve the integrity of their spectral databases.

Additional features in the software release include independent management of properties from multiple analytical techniques in user databases; simplified database creation; structure drawing tools comply with IUPAC structure drawing guidelines; and higher resolution spectra in HaveItAll IR, NIR, Raman database subscriptions.

LIMS with secure web-based reporting

Bio-Rad Laboratories Pty Ltd

OnQ Software Pty Ltd

Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/M132

Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/K994

Two Fold Software’s Qualoupe LIMS solution now features a secure web reporting capability that offers laboratory users and their customers even greater flexibility to drive their business forward by generating on-demand reports derived from laboratory data.

The ability of a laboratory to provide affordable ondemand reports offers efficiency gains by helping to save time and removing the need to push reports to end customers. On-demand reports also enable a laboratory to improve its customer service and enhance its reputation for slick data provision.

Internal reports can be run from within each Qualoupe application. Advanced software enables reports to be associated with each application. For example, within the Sample Manager module the reports would all be predominately sample centric. When running the reports the user can simply select the current record set, or single record, or run a new query. Alternatively, if the report has an embedded query the report can simply be run with the minimum of fuss. Qualoupe’s intuitive, configurable user interface coupled with its enhanced report-generating flexibility greatly simplifies the input of required data to generate a report.

The on-demand web-based reporting solution enables a user to run a report by accessing the Qualoupe reporting application through a browser. A secure access interface enables users to restrict the downloading of reports to authorised people.

Another benefit of Qualoupe’s new web reporting module is that it allows external organisations to easily access reports for auditing or compliance requirements.

Dec 2011/Jan 2012 - WHAT’S NEW IN LAB TECHNOLOGY

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spectrometry Ion trap mass spectrometers Bruker has released its high-performance amazon speed and amazon speed ETD ion trap mass spectrometers (ITMS) to meet the increasing demands of the proteomics, research and applied markets.

Claimed to be the world’s fastest ion trap, the amazon speed offers high ion trap mass accuracy and mass resolution. All amazon speed scan modes offer improved resolution: the fast XtremeScan (52,000 µm/s) now features mass resolution better than 0.5 µm for resolving doubly charged ions.

The Maximum Resolution Mode (5200 µm/s) enables mass resolution well below 0.1 µm and can resolve 8+ multiply charged ions in full scans across a wide ITMS mass range (up to m/z 3000). Other major achievements in hardware and software result in an MS/MS duty cycle of 8 Hz. This high raw ITMS performance enables analytical capabilities for proteomics researchers for both bottom-up and top-down strategies. In combination with SMART precursor ion isolation and fragmentation, routine, unambiguous identification of ~1300 proteins is now possible in single amazon speed LC/MS/MS runs of, for example, 1 µg E. coli lysate.

For both top-down applications and post-translational modifications, the system delivers sensitive, robust and reliable set-up. In combination with Bruker’s GlycoQuest glycan DB search engine, the amazon speed can be used to retrieve structures of released glycans in an easy, automated approach.

The enhanced performance of the amazon speed also delivers greatly improved data quality in a wide range of small molecule applications. Quantification of therapeutic drugs is fully enabled by very sensitive and fast LC-MS/MS methods taking less than 5 minutes.

The amazon speed is a robust system suitable for a multi-user environment.

Bruker Biosciences Pty Ltd Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/M075

Mobile, multimodal GC/MS The Griffin 460 mobile GC/MS (gas chromatograph mass spectrometer) instrument enables innovative multimodal sample introduction for liquid, solid and vapour samples while also providing continuous, direct air monitoring.

The mobile GC/MS provides this range of sample introduction in a single system that also enables MS/MS. The Griffin 460 is suitable for field-based forensics and other mobile laboratory applications, as well as for integration into facility air-handling systems.

During continuous monitoring applications, the device can be programmed to alert at the presence of selected chemicals in both indoor and outdoor environments for near real-time detection and identification of a chemical agent release.

The instrument simplifies sample handling through the use of very lightweight accessories such as a fully automated purge and trap accessory and the company’s XSorber, a handheld vapour sampler with thermal desorption capabilities.

FLIR Systems Australia Pty Ltd Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/J351

FT-NIR spectrometer The Buchi NIRMaster FT-NIR spectrometer provides rapid chemical analysis of standard parameters such as fat, protein, moisture, etc, but also more difficult analyses that older instruments cannot measure.

Many ready-to-use calibrations for the food and feed industry are preinstalled. Save time with Buchi.

Easy to operate and clean with hygienic easy-clean design including high ingress protection (IP65 or IP54) with food-grade PMMA or stainless steel housing.

Fast installation and safe operation with built-in, reliable, embedded PC with quick-start calibrations without the need for standardisation. The NIRware operating system is designed for easy operator function.

The same instrument can be set up in different parts of the factory, laboratory or head office and easily networked to manage the NIR calibrations.

In Vitro Technologies Pty Ltd Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/K197

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Spectrophotometer with IQ/OQ documentation Jenway’s Model 6800 spectrophotometer is now available with comprehensive IQ/OQ documentation, satisfying the requirements of users, particularly those in the pharmaceutical sector and other regulated industries.

Installation qualification documentation enables users to ensure that they install their equipment correctly, in accordance with the manufacturer’s guidelines. Covering issues such as location of the instrument, environmental requirements, PC connection and initial set-up, the IQ document contains step-bystep instructions and provision for all stages to be recorded for audit.

Operational qualification documentation is used to verify and document that the 6800 spectrophotometer functions within the defined specification. Approved protocols using traceable standards are set out for wavelength accuracy and repeatability, photometric accuracy, as well as instructions for checking stray light, bandwidth, noise and drift.

Covering the UV/visible wavelength range from 190 to 1100 nm, Model 6800 is a true double-beam spectrophotometer with stable optics and a 1.5 nm spectral bandwidth for high resolution and accuracy.

All functions of the Model 6800 are controlled via a PC using the company’s intuitive and user-friendly Flight Deck software. The instrument’s double beam configuration compares the light absorbance of test samples with a reference sample and the comprehensive range of measurement modes includes photometrics and multiwavelength, spectrum kinetics and quantitation. DNA/RNA ratios can be analysed to calculate the concentration of double or single-stranded DNA. The IQ/OQ documentation is also available separately for users who have previously purchased a 6800 spectrophotometer.

Acorn Scientific Ltd Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/K883

WHAT’S NEW IN LAB TECHNOLOGY - Dec 2011/Jan 2012

C L I N I C A L

Molecular diagnostic controls for chlamydia and gonorrhea assays SeraCare Life Sciences has introduced a series of controls designed to work with highly sensitive nucleic acid assays for detection of chlamydia and gonorrhea. Accurun 341 Nucleic Acid Positive controls for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (CT/NG) are designed to monitor and validate molecular diagnostic test performance. The controls are prepared with elementary bodies derived from cultured Chlamydia trachomatis and cultured colony-forming units of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. This whole organism design closely simulates an actual patient sample, challenging every stage of the assay from sample extraction through amplification and detection.

Through collaboration with instrument and reagent manufacturers, SeraCare optimised the controls specifically for current assay platforms. These high-quality standards challenge all test kit reagents, analysers and test procedures, setting these controls apart.

Medical laboratory scientists simply add the Accurun 341 CT/NG Controls to the test run, just as they would an unknown patient sample, no need for reconstitution or dilutions that could possibly introduce contamination or variation into the assay.

Abacus ALS Australia Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/M110

Growth promotion testing EZ-Accu Shot from Microbiologics is a quantitative microorganism preparation designed for performing growth promotion testing of culture media with ease.

Each EZ-Accu Shot lyophilised microorganism preparation is designed to deliver less than 100 CFU per 0.1 mL of hydrated suspension as recommended by the USP/JP/Ph. Eur. With little to no preparation time required and up to 8 h of stability, EZ-Accu Shot adds efficiency and flexibility to QC laboratories’ schedules. Each EZ-Accu Shot kit produces a total of 50 inoculations with each 1.2 mL vial of hydrated suspension producing 10 x 0.1 mL inocula.

For added convenience, a peel-off Certificate of Assay is included for quality control documentation.

EZ-Accu Shot is available with nine different reference strains. In addition, there is the EZ-Accu Shot Select with five compendial strains in one convenient kit.

BioNovus Life Sciences Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/L073

POC blood analysis system The Alere epoc Blood Analysis System is a cost-effective, point-of-care testing solution that makes use of Smartcard Technology and wireless connectivity, to provide real-time, lab-quality blood gas, electrolyte and metabolite results at the patient’s bedside.

Testing run through a central lab can typically take up to 40 minutes to complete, but, with this platform, clinicians are able to access results immediately and make vital treatment decisions, all while minimising operational costs.

Hosted on a new handset, epoc has even more functionality than its predecessor. Platform enhancements include a built-in 2D barcode, alphanumeric keyboard and improved connectivity. epoc’s Microsoft Windows Mobile Operating System has also been upgraded, making the platform even faster, allowing for more robust use in a critical care environment, and optimising screen resolution so results can be easily read.

Alere Australia Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/M081

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WHAT’S NEW IN LAB TECHNOLOGY - Dec 2011/Jan 2012

© iStockphoto.com/zlotysfor

clinical diagnostics

Genetically engineered autistic rats The biological and behavioural characterisation of the first rats genetically engineered to model autism have been released by Sigma Advanced Genetic Engineering (SAGE) Labs, an initiative of Sigma Life Science, in partnership with Autism Speaks.

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he novel rat models of autism mimic specific symptoms and pathologies of autism to provide an unprecedented opportunity to investigate the underlying biology and therapeutic targets for autism spectrum disorders.

Autism affects tens of millions of people worldwide, with US government statistics suggesting diagnoses are increasing annually by 10 to 17%. The cause and underlying neurobiology of autism remains poorly understood. Strong evidence does exist for a genetic basis of autism, prompting development of mice that model the genetic mutations found in autistic humans. However, the mouse’s utility for autism research is restricted because the species’ limited cognitive abilities and small behavioural repertoire often do not adequately reflect the behaviours or biology of humans with autism.

“The robust behavioural repertoire, similarities with human physiology and sheer size contrast with mice, making rats an attractive model species for investigating neurodevelopmental disorders like autism,” said Robert Ring, PhD, Vice President of Translational Research at Autism Speaks, who added, “Developing these genetic models in rats has additional advantages from a translational research perspective in that they enable investigators to study the effects of novel treatments on autism relevant phenotypes in the same species traditional pharmacokinetics, metabolism and toxicology are studied to support the drug development process.”

The knockout autism model rats were co-developed in a collaboration between scientists at SAGE Labs and Autism Speaks. The rats mimic specific symptoms of autism spectrum disorder because they are each genetically engineered to lack one of seven genes associated with the autism spectrum disorders: Fmr1, Neuroligin 3, Neurexin 1 alpha, Cav1.2, MeCP2, mGluR5, or PTEN. These rats will be available to all researchers through SAGE Labs by early 2012.

Scientists at SAGE Labs created the transgenic autism model rats through the SAGEspeed model creation process, which uses Sigma’s CompoZr zinc finger nuclease “The novel rat models of autism (ZFN) technology. CompoZr ZFN technolmimic specific symptoms and ogy enables highly efficient, targeted editing of the genome of any species - previously pathologies of autism to provide impossible for complex species other than an unprecedented opportunity to mice.

“One can use CompoZr ZFN technol- investigate the underlying biology ogy to rapidly generate a genetic disease and therapeutic targets for autism model in the species that is the best model spectrum disorders.” for that condition, instead of relying only upon the mouse,” said Edward Weinstein, PhD, Director of SAGE Labs.

In a separate collaboration with The Michael J Fox Foundation, scientists at SAGE Labs created transgenic rats that are the first animal models of Parkinson’s disease to tremor as humans do. Other transgenic research models created

by SAGE Labs include rats for Alzheimer’s, schizophrenia, cancer and cardiovascular disease research, as well as rats for toxicology testing in drug development.

SAGE Labs’ model generation services are available for rats, mice, rabbits and other organisms.

For more information, visit www.sageresearchmodels.com.

Sigma Aldrich Pty Ltd Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/M115

Dec 2011/Jan 2012 - WHAT’S NEW IN LAB TECHNOLOGY

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A N A L Y T I C A L

High-resolution LC front end Dionex’s UltiMate 3000 RSLCnano LC system features continuous direct flow delivery. The HPG nano pump generates a continuous, pulse-free and direct flow. The flow-pressure footprint of 800 bar column pressure is available from 20 nL/min to 50 µL/min and offers the pump power to drive any separation.

The built-in column compartment features up to two micro switching valves capable of working at pressures up to 1000 bar.

The RSLCnano system can be operated at nano, capillary and micro flow rates, configured for a large range of 1D and 2D workflows, and can be operated tool-free using nanoViper connections.

The high-performance, easy-to-use RSLCnano system can function as the high-resolution LC front end to any MS system.

Dionex Pty Ltd Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/M104

Ion selective electrode range Hanna Instruments’ ion selective electrodes can be grouped into three general categories based on construction.

Solid-state electrodes are available as both single half cells or as combination electrodes complete with reference electrode. These electrodes incorporate a solid sensing surface made of compressed silver halides, or solid crystalline material. Sensors are available for the determination of bromide, cadmium, chloride, cupric, cyanide, fluoride, iodide, lead and silver ions.

Liquid membrane electrodes are available as single half cells or as combination electrodes complete with reference electrode. The sensing surfaces of these electrodes comprise a homogeneous polymer matrix containing organic ion exchangers selective for the determined ion. These sensors incorporate easily replaceable membrane modules and are available for the measurements of nitrate, potassium and calcium.

Gas sensors are combination electrodes that detect dissolved gases in a solution. No external reference is required for these electrodes. The sensing element is separated from the sample solution by a gas permeable membrane. This range includes the HI4101 ammonia electrode and the HI4105 carbon dioxide electrode.

Hanna Instruments Pty Ltd Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/M086

Scientific CMOS camera Andor Technology’s Neo sCMOS camera platform is a true scientific CMOS in every sense. It has been engineered to harness the full performance potential of sCMOS sensor technology. It simultaneously offers ultralow noise, extremely fast frame rates, wide dynamic range, high resolution and a large field of view.

The camera features very low read noise of 1 e - rms without the need for signal amplification technology. 100 frames/s can be reached with full frame readout, faster with region of interest selection. In Neo, these speeds are coupled to a dynamic range capability of 25,000:1 with 16bit digitisation.

Neo offers an advanced, yet necessary, set of performance features, including deep TE cooling to -40°C, extensive ‘on-head’ FPGA data processing capability, a 4 GB image buffer memory and a data flow monitor. Andor’s UltraVac vacuum process has been implemented to offer not only superior cooling capability but also complete protection of the sensor and a single window design (antireflection coated) to maximise photon throughput.

These capabilities have been implemented to drive best possible performance, image quality and long-term reliability from sCMOS technology.

SciTech Pty Ltd Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/M103

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WHAT’S NEW IN LAB TECHNOLOGY - Dec 2011/Jan 2012

arium速 pro Laboratory-grade Water Purification System 1st in user-friendliness and cost-effectiveness User-friendly glass touch screen for efficient control of all work processes. The ultra-highcapacity purification components extend maintenance intervals and keep operating costs low.

Lean, space-saving design.

Benchtop, wall-mounted and underbench units. Variably mountable display.

Australia Phone: 1 800 645 076 03 8762 1800 e-mail: info.australia@ sartorius-stedim.com

www.sartorius-stedim.com/arium-pro

analytical UHPLC column protection system

Ultrapure water system

SecurityGuard Ultra is a protection system that is claimed extends UHPLC column life. An extension of the Phenomenex SecurityGuard line, the Ultra is suitable for virtually any manufacturer’s UHPLC, sub-2-micron or core-shell columns including the Phenomenex Kinetex products. SecurityGuard Ultra protects against the damaging effects of chemical contaminants and microparticulates introduced by the sample, mobile phase or system, which can negatively impact column lifetime, method sensitivity, quantitation and peak identification.

By reducing the frequency of column replacements, SecurityGuard Ultra saves chromatographers time and money. Pressure-rated up to 1378 bar, these guard cartridges have no significant impact on chromatography, backpressure or dead volume.

The easy-to-use SecurityGuard Ultra cartridge system protects columns without affecting the performance benefits of advanced LC column technologies. The system ensures long column lifetimes and reduces troubleshooting and system downtime.

Phenomenex offers an interactive web application where users can enter column information to find the most appropriate SecurityGuard Ultra protection system along with simple instructional videos on installation and use. Users can access this web application, videos and additional information at www.phenomenex.com/securityguardultra.

Sartorius has launched the arium pro ultrapure water system. The water purification systems are designed to meet all requirements for reagent-grade water needed both for critical applications and routine analyses.

Four different versions of the system are available for reliable and optimal analytical results. From the intuitive menu navigation to the operator-friendly set-up, all units in the series feature ultra-easy operation and high flexibility for producing laboratory-grade purified water that exceeds ASTM, NCCLS, ISO and USP reagent water standards.

The demands placed on the production of ultrapure water (ASTM type 1) for laboratory applications are extremely high and Sartorius understands that the highest technology is not always affordable. To ensure users obtain ultrapure water quality they can trust at the press of a button, the company will be replacing the ‘old’ ultrapure water system in one Australian laboratory at no cost.

To qualify and win the arium pro with intuitive, touch-function screen and the user-friendly menu navigation, supply as much information as possible such as your name and organisation along with the type, application and age of your current ultrapure water system to info.sartorius@ sartorius-stedim.com. The winner will be announced in March 2012.

Phenomenex Australia Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/M116

Power cutting mill The Fritsch Pulverisette 25 power cutting mill is suitable for course crushing of soft to mediumhard dry materials such as plastics, wood, coal, nonmetallic waste, grains, animal feeds, dried meat, bones, tobacco and confectionery. It has a maximum feed size of 120 x 85 mm and a throughput of up to 85 L/h.

The grinding chamber of the cutting mill houses a rotor with three fixed knife blades set at different angles. These blades crush and grind the material to the desired particle size before it is carried by a permanent airflow through a sieve cassette into a collecting vessel. Sieve cassettes range in cutting size from 1 to 10 mm. The rotor and the sieve cassette can be easily removed for cleaning between samples. Cutting tools are available in tool steel and tungsten carbide.

Its features include: cutting mill door contains a built-in safety lock to prevent access to moving parts during operation; and if the collection vessel is removed during operation, the machine will immediately stop.

John Morris Scientific Pty Ltd Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/L086

Diluters and dispensers The Hamilton Microlab 600 is a precise syringe pump with a graphical user interface designed to quickly and easily dilute and dispense liquids from 100 nL to 50 mL. The positive displacement system is claimed to provide better than 99% accuracy, independent of a liquid’s viscosity, vapour pressure and temperature. The inert fluid path minimises sample carryover and is compatible with harsh chemicals.

No more adjusting pipettes and recalculating dilutions - users can quickly recall stored dispenses and dilution with the favourites screen. Users trigger the hand probe or tap the foot switch to actuate the precision syringe drives according to the predefined program.

Grace Davison Discovery Sciences Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/K260

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Sartorius Stedim Australia Pty Ltd Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/M084

Cation-exchange column The IonPac CS19 cation-exchange column has been designed for the gradient separation of polar and moderately hydrophobic amines plus the common inorganic cations.

The high-capacity column allows for the analysis of a variety of amines in complex sample matrices, including chemical process solutions, foods and beverages and power industry samples. The column is available in 0.4 × 250 mm, 4 × 250 mm and 2 × 250 mm formats.

Key amines that can be separated using aqueous methanesulfonic acid gradients include alkanolamines, biogenic amines, methylamines, alkyl diamines and polar amines.

The column produces good peak efficiencies and symmetries providing very reproducible results. The capillary and microbore formats offer the advantage of less eluent consumption providing reduced operating costs.

Dionex Pty Ltd Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/K269

WHAT’S NEW IN LAB TECHNOLOGY - Dec 2011/Jan 2012

© iStockphoto.com/JOE CICAK

analytical

Data sharing revolution Sharing data between scientists may be revolutionised by a system that will be able to bring together all of the information saved in databases around the world and to make it accessible from a single terminal.

R

esearchers at the Riken BioResource Center, led by Hiroshi Masuya of the Technology and Development Unit for Knowledge Base of Mouse Phenotype, are developing a system that will allow scientists to select the information necessary for their research instantaneously from any database in the world, analyse it and display the results in a readily usable format. The key to the system is ontology, a philosophy dating back to the time of Aristotle but with technological relevance today.

There are many steps researchers must take in making their own experimental plans, including checking databases to find and analyse research trends in relevant fields and choosing the appropriate experimental materials. It is also necessary to compile papers and other reference materials, and review and interpret their contents. However, regarding the issue of the wordings used to describe pathologic conditions and other characteristics of laboratory animals, for instance, different researchers use somewhat different definitions. This linguistic vagueness makes it necessary to analyse the experimental methodology and context and reinterpret the terms in all cases. A great deal of time is taken with these painstaking preparatory arrangements before determining the optimum experimental methodology.

“In biology, there are numerous databases for genes, proteins, diseases and the like around the world, and they all operate separately. A researcher who wants to investigate a particular subject must search all the databases that seem to be appropriate one by one. In addition, each individual database has its own attributes.

Because the databases are designed to be used in distinct ways that are suited to different research areas, it takes a great deal of time for researchers in other areas to become familiar with 18

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databases in areas other than their own,” points out Masuya.

Ontology - correlating the essential nature of things “Ontological technology allows computers to automatically arrange and extract the desired data so that the preparatory work for any investigation becomes very easy,” Masuya explains, “The term ontology has its origin in a Greek philosophical term meaning existence. In bioinformatics, ontology refers to the classification of concepts and terms and how to describe their relationships and systems.”

In 2010, Masuya and his colleagues created the Riken Integrated Database of Mammals. The database incorporates YAMATO-GXO (Yet Another More Advanced Top- level Ontology-Genetics Ontology), an ontology tool they developed jointly with Riichiro Mizoguchi at the Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR) of Osaka University.

“We integrated the 18 major databases of the world using YAMATO-GXO. Our mammalian database is based on Riken’s Scientists’ Networking System (SciNetS).”

Developed by a team led by Tetsuro Toyoda,

WHAT’S NEW IN LAB TECHNOLOGY - Dec 2011/Jan 2012

analytical (BC 384-322). It took five years for us to be able to understand information technology based on a philosophy that has been nurtured over such a long historical period.”

According to Masuya, “Ontology is used to teach the computer about this world.” For example, the human being is a primate, a mammal, an organism and an animal. It is characterised by bipedal locomotion, a brain weighing 1250 g on average, five fingers on each limb, two eyes and so on. By fractionalising things like this and systematising the essential meanings, a more fundamental ‘superordinate concept’ is created. If systematised, even databases with different logical structures can be combined relatively easily with ontology serving as a ‘translator’.

Before ontology was integrated into practical applications, databases could not be linked together unless their logical structures, or intrinsic habits, were coordinated in all cases. The need to build other databases to separately connect different meanings was unavoidable. That work is painstaking and time-consuming.

“Thanks to YAMATO-GXO, we were able to develop the Riken Integrated Database of Mammals, which integrates 18 databases, in just half a year.”

Building on this achievement, in fiscal 2011 Riken launched the ‘Biological and Environmental Phenomes Integration Database’, a database integration promotion program sponsored by the Japan Science and Technology Agency in a joint initiative with Toyoda of the BASE. “This program will integrate nationally available data on ‘phenotypes’, which represent the characters manifested by the action of genes, and information on measurement techniques. We are working on developing a database that allows even a measurement technique with use limited to a particular area to be used in other areas, allowing it to contribute to advances in biology at large.”

The attraction of ontology

Director of the Riken Bioinformatics And Systems Engineering Division (BASE), SciNetS can accommodate a wide variety of data, including ontological data, facilitating the integration of developed databases. To date, Riken’s nine databases in biology have been integrated. They succeeded in integrating as many as 900,000 data items from 18 databases by incorporating YAMATO-GXO into SciNetS and other databases. “It is quite painstaking for a single researcher to find the data they want from among 900,000 entries.

However, the Riken Integrated Database of Mammals makes it easy to obtain the data they want in a somewhat automatically analysed form.” This database is currently under development and expansion.

Rapid integration of databases Technology for knowing the meanings of words and sentences and forming correlations among them may sound relatively simple, but ontology is in reality a very profound activity. “Ontology is philosophy.

It is underlain by a philosophical system that has been unbroken since the time of the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle

Ontology research is currently attracting worldwide attention. The concept of gene ontology was first proposed in 1995 by Michael Ashburner of the University of Cambridge in the UK, and gene ontology even now represents a major technical breakthrough for the standardisation and massive compilation of biological information. The introduction of this approach resulted in an explosion in research using DNA microarrays - chips that allows investigators to determine how a large number of genes are expressed, and the intensity of expression, at one time. Using gene ontology, for example, it is possible to collate the availability of all reports on the functions of the gene expressed. With the spread of DNA microarray technology, a new discipline called transcriptomics emerged to analyse when, where and at what levels the more than 20,000 human genes are expressed, and to determine what is meant by the expression. “The microarray could not have become such a powerful research tool without gene ontology,” says Masuya. Linkage of the two distinct technologies, microarrays and ontology has been promoting advances in the new research domain of transcriptomics.

The trend of the times is also boosting ontology. It has been shown that in research into genes and proteins, causality does not always stand in a one-to-one relationship between cause and result. This is because many genes and biomolecules are involved in the processes for the generation of each protein. Additionally, techniques for visualising the behaviours of many genes and biomolecules are already available. “By using an ontology-based integrated database, we can get a listing of the results from the concurrent functioning of multiple genes out of the vast amount of data obtained, rather than the one-to-one matched data on gene functions in conventional databases. Ontology is expected to really lead future research.” Because it is capable of easily identifying disease-causing genes and proteins from among the vast

Dec 2011/Jan 2012 - WHAT’S NEW IN LAB TECHNOLOGY

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analytical number of biomolecules, ontology is expected to lead to major breakthroughs in the acceleration of new drug development and phase I clinical trials. While information is increasing explosively in the research domain, ontology that links a wide variety of databases can be described as a hidden but powerful tool that leads research activities that are prone to become chaotic.

Identifying knockout mouse phenotypes within an international framework “We will proceed to develop ontology to standardise international mouse information,” says Masuya. His laboratory has been requested to join the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC) to clarify the relationships between genes and phenotypes by examining all the phenotypes in knockout mice that have been manipulated to systematically delete each gene in the mouse genome. Mice represent a number of similarities (homologies) with humans in terms of the number and kinds of genes, as well as biological events and disease processes. The large project aims to link human diseases and phenotypes of knockout mice. “Currently, laboratories all over the world are working to design knockout mice and utilise them as investigational materials independently. However, a major loss of information resides here.”

In conducting experiments, researchers create knockout mice that fit their research themes. For example, researchers studying limb development may generate a knockout mouse by inactivating a relevant gene. If researchers cannot find any morphological abnormality in the limb, they often give up on investigating that mouse further.

However, a lot of genes have multiple functions. For instance, many signalling molecules involved in limb development are also involved in other biological processes in another organ - a fact that could be easily overlooked and a discovery that might never get published, even though the finding may have made all the difference to a physician struggling to elucidate metabolic disorders in a patient.

“Such occurrences have been prevalent since the birth of the first knockout mouse. The IMPC offers a decisive solution to this situation.” In the large-scale project with its huge budget of nine million dollars, more than 20,000 mouse genes are being knocked out one by one to comprehensively analyse basic phenotypes and determine their influences on the mammalian body. The project also includes the development of an ontology-incorporating database and provides free access to information on the associations of the genes with biological phenomena and diseases. Riken’s BRC is going to join the IMPC in a collaboration between the Technology and Development

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Team for Mouse Phenotype Analysis led

by Shigeharu Wakana, the Experimental Animal Division headed by Atsushi Yoshiki, and Masuya’s Technology and Development Unit for Knowledge Base of Mouse Phenotype. Once this information network is built, it will be possible to list all knockout mice that help research into a particular human disease from the database. “The network will enable us to select ‘all’ mice serving as disease models that exhibit similar symptoms, and even ‘potential models’ that exhibit near-morbid conditions. This encompassing ‘all’ is of paramount importance, and reducing the unidentified portions will dramatically move forward the whole field of research into disease.”

A powerful tool that will lead research activities Database integration using ontology has the potential to bring many breakthroughs.

In a hospital, for example, physicians could download a listing of everything from the names of candidate diseases to the likely progression of the condition, candidate medications and therapeutic guides. Such an integrated database would make it possible to investigate therapeutic approaches to coping with complications from all angles using information from the component databases. “Our ultimate goal is to create a tool that will serve as the guide to researchers’ activities by presenting information even at levels beyond human ponderings, and deducing and displaying potentially useful search results in an easily understandable way,” says Masuya.

Riken BioResource Center www.brc.riken.jp

WHAT’S NEW IN LAB TECHNOLOGY - Dec 2011/Jan 2012

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analytical PH electrodes

Bottle sampling unit The bottle sampling unit BSU is used in connection with the fluid control unit FCU 8000 for counting oil sample bottles in the laboratory.

Features include: viscosity range: 1 ... 120 mm2/s; fluid temperature range 0 ... 70°C; evaluation and storage of the measurement data; cleanliness classes in accordance with ISO 4406, SAE 4059 and NAS 1638; integrated, graphics-capable printer (FCU 8000).

The FCU is used as a portable service unit for measuring solid particle contamination in hydraulic and lubrication systems. It can be used in the field as a portable laser particle measurement device or in connection with the bottle sampling unit as a laboratory device for investigating oil samples. For field use, for use in laboratories and at service centres.

Features include: permissible viscosity range: 5 ... 800 mm2/s; cleanliness classes in accordance with ISO and SAE and/or NAS: measurement range calibrated: NAS 0 ... 12 / ISO 0/0/0 ... 23/21/18 / SAE 0 ... 12, measurement range display: up to NAS 15 / ISO 25/23/21 / SAE 15; evaluation and storage of the measurement data; cleanliness classes in accordance with ISO 4406, SAE 4059 and NAS 1638; integrated, graphics-capable printer; RS232 interface for data output; simple handling.

Hydac Pty Ltd Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/L764

Analytical balances Adam Equipment’s PW analytical balances offer a quick and easy way to measure to 0.1 mg. The balance features durable, solid metal construction; standard internal motorised calibration; and a large, easy-to-read backlit dual display that shows text prompts to help the user set up the balance quickly.

The simple, intuitive user interface is ergonomically designed with all main functions right at the user’s fingertips. Highlighted tare keys stand out for easy access and recognition, while other buttons access set-up functions, turn the balance on or off, send data to a printer, calibrate and change modes and weighing units.

The bidirectional RS232 interface enables data transfer from the balance to printers or computers. This allows foolproof data recording and traceability, letting the operator focus on analysis rather than recording data.

Other handy features include built-in applications for density, percentage, comparison and check weighing, plus counting and dynamic or animal weighing. The PW offers 16 weighing units, including a custom unit. Models range from 120 to 250 g and readabilities at 0.1 mg.

Adam Equipment (SE ASIA) Pty Ltd Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/M082

Safety Bunsen burner The Schuett Phoenix II Safety Bunsen Burner is designed for laboratory requirements in research, industry and education. The safety Bunsen burner and its accessories are suitable for use in biological safety cabinets and chemical laboratories.

The Phoenix II features an easy-to-read, highlighted colour display with joystick menu navigation and comfortable operation by hand, foot-switch or motion sensor mode. Three different models are available; the eco, standard and accu.

The Phoenix II is certified according to DIN 30665 part 1, DIN-DVGW Reg.NG-2211AR0750.

The units feature user-adjustable controlled burn-time from 1 s to 120 min and automatic safety shutdown when the unit is not in use. Sensors measure the temperature of the burner head and report a warning if overheating occurs. The flame is stable even in strong air current situations.

The Bunsen burners are suitable for use with natural gas (central gas supply in the lab) or propane/butane gas.

Crea Laboratory Technologies Pty Ltd Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/M074

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Sensorex pHASE pH electrodes have been designed for variable temperature operation process testing and provide fast, accurate and stable pH measurements even with large temperature changes.

The research-grade electrodes are suitable for quality control and R&D use in a wide variety of applications including measurement of dairy products, food/beverages, biological samples and proteins.

The electrodes are available in two designs to best suit user needs: the user-friendly sealed design and the Rapid-Renew refillable design, for dirty samples. The easy-to-use and low-maintenance sealed design is the most economical, featuring large area, porous polyethylene junctions to resist clogging. They are useful for a broad range of applications.

Refillable Rapid-Renew designs are suitable for dirty samples or other samples that cause junction fouling. The push of a spring-loaded knob opens the electrode’s sleeve junction, instantly providing a fresh junction. The Twist-Seal refill hole’s leak-tight O-ring seat can be opened or closed with a quarter turn of the collar, eliminating the need for rubber sleeves and screwed plugs. pHASE electrodes are offered with either epoxy or glass bodies. Epoxy bodies offer maximum ruggedness and good chemical resistance. To protect the pH bulb from breakage, they are supplied with removable bulb guards, which can quickly be removed for cleaning.

Breakage-resistant flat surface designs also have epoxy bodies without the need for bulb guards. They are designed to make good contact with viscous materials and are recommended for use with slurries. All pHASE electrodes are combination types with builtin double junction references which prevent the electrode’s silver ions from contacting product samples.

Fast-response pHASE electrodes are stable to 0.01 pH within 30 s when exposed to a temperature change of 35-75°C. They are accurate to 0.04 pH at a temperature range of 0-100°C. Highly stable, pHASE electrodes offer 0.005 pH or less drift per 24 h.

Envirosensors Pty Ltd Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/L852

WHAT’S NEW IN LAB TECHNOLOGY - Dec 2011/Jan 2012

analytical 25 nm liquid particle counter The Lighthouse NanoCount 25 is a 25 nm liquid particle counter.

The device provides a built-in display for viewing real-time data and uses the industry-standard RS485 MODBUS communication protocol. Integration into facility monitoring systems or use as a stand-alone device is quick and easy.

By incorporating diode-pumped solid state laser particle counting technology and designing for reliability, the NanoCount 25 is intended for continuous trouble-free operation.

The units feature a 25 nm detection limit, 25, 50, 75 and 100 nm channel sizes, four channels of simultaneous count data and 10 mL/min flow rate. There is also a built-in display, 20 counts/L zero count rate, 316L stainless steel construction, ethernet, RS485/ MODBUS and analog outputs and integrated manual flow control.

Suitable for deionised water monitoring, process qualification and monitoring, and filter efficiency particle measurements, the NanoCount 25 interfaces with existing building automation and factory management systems and is housed in a NEMA enclosure.

New Look for 2012

Particle & Surface Sciences Pty Ltd Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/M094

Serial communications equipment Weidmuller’s smart SL series serial communications equipment can be used over the ethernet and allows serial devices to connect to ethernet networks effortlessly and quickly.

The SL-COM serial device servers enable serial devices to communicate over installed copper, fibre or radio networks. They convert serial protocol to ethernet, allowing older equipment and products to converse with new technology.

Users can choose between a 1- or 2-port serial device server.

The servers provide a 10 Mb ethernet port with 1.5 kV isolation and the serial ports are software selectable for RS232/422/485.

Designed for maximum convenience, both server options support a variety of different operating modes, can act as a TCP client or server and support UDP tunnelling for communication between two SL-COM units.

HI2211 bench pH meter

$658

plus gst

■N ew Pricing - the best value ever offered by Hanna ■N ew General Catalogue available now ■G reat Specials on Superseded Models

Weidmuller Pty Ltd Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/J543

SPE method creation tool The Phenomenex Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) Method Development Tool is a fast, online resource.

The tool develops methods across a variety of sample matrices and compounds, enabling users to improve analyte concentration and detector response. The researcher enters the name of the analytical target or selects ‘proprietary’ to develop a method based on the chemical characteristics of the analyte.

The tool, which can be accessed at www.phenomenex.com/ info/MDTOOL, produces customised methods in less than one minute, with options to save, print or email to a colleague. Users can also view an alternative method, if desired.

The scalable methods provided with this tool take advantage of the Phenomenex Strata-X polymer-based and Strata silica-based sorbents. Pretreatment recommendations for a variety of sample matrices are also provided.

Phenomenex Australia Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/K205

■U pgraded Instrument Range

HI83141 portable pH meter

$388

plus gst

■A ll with our usual dedicated sales and support RESELLER ENQUIRES WELCOME

Tel: + 61 3 9769 0666 Fax: + 61 3 9769 0699 Email: hannains@hannainst.com.au www.hannainst.com.au www.hannachecker.com.au

Dec 2011/Jan 2012 - WHAT’S NEW IN LAB TECHNOLOGY

23

analytical Laboratory equipment catalogue

pH mV(ORP) ION Conductivity Resistivity Salinity TDS

Intuitive and easy to use Touch screens on colour models USB connectivity ► F-­ 71BW pH ORP with BLACK AND WHITE SCREEN

The Model 1205B handheld CO/ CO2 gas analyser accurately measures the concentration of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide in a duct or space.

The analyser displays the measurement on a two-line digital LCD with backlight. The unit’s memory stores up to 255 sets of readings that can be logged manually or auto-logged with 1-10 min intervals.

Besides measurement recording, the device can provide a summary of average and maximum levels reached during recording. Results then can be printed via an optional infrared printer. The analyser includes batteries, 120 V power supply, protective rubber boot with integral magnet, sampling probe and a canvas carrying case.

Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/J353

► F-­ 73 pH ORP ION TWIN CHANNELS with COLOUR TOUCH SCREEN

Pipettes

► F-74 pH ORP ION CONDUCTIVITY RESISTIVITY SALINITY TWIN CHANNELS with COLOUR TOUCH SCREEN ► F-­ 74 BW pH ORP ION CONDUCTIVITY RESISTIVITY SALINITY TDS TWIN CHANNEL with BLACK AND WHITE SCREEN

AUSTRALIAN SCIENTIFIC Pty Ltd

www.LabOnline.com.au

Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/M087

Dwyer Instruments (Aust) Pty Ltd

► F-­ 72 pH ORP ION with COLOUR TOUCH SCREEN

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Hanna Instruments Pty Ltd

Handheld CO/CO2 gas analyser

F­-70 series Benchtop Meters

PO Box 335 Kotara NSW 2289 ­ Ph 1800 021 083 - F ­ ax 02 4956 2525 sales@austscientific.com.au ­ www.austscientific.com.au

Hanna Instruments’ General Catalogue (version 28) is now available for distribution.

In this catalogue the company presents its range of chemical test kits and meters for the measurement of pH, ISE, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, specific ions, chemical oxygen demand, turbidity, refractive index, temperature, relative humidity and lux, as well as its range of auto titrators. Also included are magnetic stirrers, reagents, accessories and a range of technical tables.

The catalogue showcases Hanna’s range of upgraded and new instruments, as well as some old favourites. It contains pictures, specifications and general information related to each product and measurement type. Additionally, the catalogue features a wealth of information such as theory of measurement and tips for getting the best out of your measurements.

This catalogue is available on CD in an easy-to-read electronic format.

Catalogues are available by emailing emma@hannainst.com.au or by registering online at www.hannainst.com.au.

VWR International’s range of high-performance pipettes is fully autoclavable and is claimed to provide accuracy and precision for repeatedly reliable results.

The range includes single- and multi-channel pipettes in a choice of Ergonomic or Ultra High Performance pipettes.

The Ergonomic High-Performance pipettes offer lower plunger and volume adjustment forces for comfortable pipetting.

The Ultra High Performance range offers a soft-touch plunger system for light aspiration and dispensing forces. The pipettes are constructed of a high-strength polypropylene polymer that combines good chemical resistance with thermal properties for laboratory needs and applications.

The pipettes are also available in starter packs which include tips, stands and wall mounts.

VWR International Pty Ltd Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/L847

WHAT’S NEW IN LAB TECHNOLOGY - Dec 2011/Jan 2012

analytical Capacitive level sensors

Flow chemistry system

The Sensortechnics CLC series capacitive level sensors use a contact-free capacitive sensor technology to continuously measure the fill level of liquids as well as granular or pulverised materials.

The miniature level sensor can be easily mounted to the outside of a container or vessel and is able to measure through almost any non-metallic wall material. The level sensing range of the standard device is up to 100 mm, which can be enlarged in special multisensor configurations.

The non-invasive design, with no contact between the sensor and the fluid, eliminates all media compatibility and sterility issues. The device is highly flexible and the user can easily calibrate the sensor to measure to the desired levels, media and application set-up.

The CLC can be used in many level monitoring applications within medical technology, chemical and pharmaceutical industries, and biotechnology.

Features include: capacitive level monitoring of liquids and bulk materials; continuous, miniature-sized sensor; analog and digital outputs; measurement of both metallic and non-metallic substances; positioning/proximity sensor; displacement sensor.

The Syrris Asia 110 flow chemistry system is an easy-to-use system that is suitable for beginners in solution phase flow chemistry.

This very compact system combines the high performance of an Asia Pump, an Asia Chip Climate Controller, a glass microreactor (chip) and an Asia Pressure Controller. The Asia Pump is very chemically resistant and designed specifically for flow chemistry.

It has two continuous pumps for delivering smooth flow from 1 µL/min to 10 mL/min. The pump has an integrated pressure sensor which allows it to automatically stop in the case of a blockage or leak.

The Asia 110 system includes one or many glass microreactors that offer excellent mixing, easy visualisation of the reaction and maximum chemical resistance. The Asia Chip Climate Controller enables the microreactors to be heated from -15 to +150°C without the need for a circulator or a cold water supply. The Asia Pressure controller enables ultrafast reaction rates; the pressure controller automatically regulates a laboratory gas supply to pressurise the reaction up to 20 bar.

The Asia 110 system can be upgraded to include automated collection, use of solid phase reagents, temperatures up to 250°C, kg synthesis, analysis integration, flow liquid-liquid extraction and full software control.

Duff & Macintosh

John Morris Scientific Pty Ltd

Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/K559

Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/M011

Dec 2011/Jan 2012 - WHAT’S NEW IN LAB TECHNOLOGY

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analytical Certified vials TruView LCMS certified vials are low-adsorption sample vials certified for LC/MS/MS analyses where analyte concentrations are of the order of ng/mL or pg/mL and where analytical sensitivity and accuracy are critical.

The vials are manufactured under tight controls using a process that limits the concentration of free ions on the surface of the glass, lowering analyte adsorption.

Normally during the manufacture of glass vials, free ions are deposited on the surface.

Problems occur when the ions are freed from the surface and enter the sample, raising the pH and exposing ion exchange sites on the glass to sample analytes that can bind to the glass. The longer a vial awaits aspiration and injection of its contents, the greater the analyte adsorption.

Waters Australia Pty Ltd Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/L742

Filtered chemical storage cabinet Speed, Performance, Value Adam Equipment’s PW Analytical balances consistently provide solid performance, fast results and unmatched value for your laboratory.

The PW offers useful features such as animal weighing, liquid and solid density, check weighing, parts counting and percentage weighing.

For products with the accuracy and reliability that you need, combined with features you want, choose Adam Equipment for the Right Balance.

• All-metal housing construction • Built-in motorised internal calibration • GLP-compliant print-outs via RS-232 connection • Date and time stored in memory • Oversized backlit LCD with 25mm-high digits for easy visibility For more information call or visit www.adamequipment.com today.

Adam Equipment (S.E. Asia) Pty Ltd

2/71 Tacoma Circuit Canning Vale 6155 Perth, Western Australia Phone: +61 (0)8 6461 6236 Fax: +61 (0)8 9456 4462 sales@adamequipment.com.au

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The Captair Shelf 812 filtered storage cupboard is suitable for users requiring an easy-to-access and ergonomic storage unit for small quantities of chemicals.

It is of a similar height to the working surface and small enough to be able to fit on a crowded benchtop. It also features the company’s filter system which can remove both organic and acid vapours and the cupboard has capacity to filter ten 1 L containers.

Other features include its quiet fume extraction blower which runs at 45 dBA and is capable of treating 75 m3 of air per hour. With a simple yet versatile installation, the chemical filtration system needs simply to be plugged in after it is installed either on a benchtop, on its optional stand or fixed to a convenient wall.

Gallay Medical & Scientific Pty Ltd Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/J572

Food texture analysis The Lloyd Instruments TAPlus texture analyser, combined with the Nexigen Plus texture analysis software, can be used to measure force, time and distance, enabling parameters such as adhesiveness, chewiness, fracturability, firmness, stringiness and other food processing parameters vital to some food’s characteristics to be calculated and quantified.

Texture analysis can highlight quality-improvement opportunities throughout the supply chain and in the production process. At the research and development stage, new ingredients can be compared with existing ingredients. In production, texture is used for the measurement and control of temperature, humidity and cooking time.

It can apply forces up to 100 kg. The analyser has a large working area which has nearly 180 mm throat depth; 8 kHz sampling rate to capture all data points; and a wide extensionspeed range from 60 µm/s to 21 mm/s. There are multilingual and multi-unit options for the analyser, intelligent plug-and-play load cells, automatic diagnostics and calibration checks and frame stiffness compensation for extension accuracy.

The NexigenPlus software is the hub of any of the company’s texture analysis systems.

The intuitive software program includes a complete standards library for food, cosmetics and packaging testing. A comprehensive multi-stage test wizard is included as well as a video and still picture-capturing system. SPC trend and histogram charts, data-export utility are standard and the software has seamless integration with Microsoft Office.

Bestech Australia Pty Ltd Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/J457

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WHAT’S NEW IN LAB TECHNOLOGY - Dec 2011/Jan 2012

analytical

Non-therapeutic use of antibiotics adding to antibiotic resistance loads Tufts University School of Medicine researchers are arguing for stricter regulation of the non-therapeutic use of antibiotics in food animals and fish farming as the practice is a cause of antibiotic resistance.

“T

he United States lags behind its European counterparts in establishing a ban on the use of antibiotics for growth promotion. For years it was believed that giving low-dose antibiotics via feed to promote growth in cows, swine, chickens and the use of antibiotics in fish farming had no negative consequences.

Today, there is overwhelming evidence that non-therapeutic use of antibiotics contributes to antibiotic resistance, even if we do not understand all the mechanisms in the genetic transmission chain,” says Stuart Levy, MD, Professor of molecular biology and microbiology and Director of the Center for Adaptation Genetics and Drug Resistance at Tufts University School of Medicine.

For the past 70 years, humans have relied on antibiotics to combat bacterial infections such as streptococcus, meningitis, tuberculosis and urinary tract infections. The misuse and overuse of antibiotics, however, has contributed to antibiotic resistance, making antibiotics less effective at saving lives. Levy and the study co-author Bonnie Marshall summarised and synthesised the findings of a large number of studies assessing the link between antibiotic resistance and the use of non-therapeutic antibiotics in livestock and fish farming. Highlights include the following.

The use of non-therapeutic antibiotics is widespread • According to estimates, antibiotics are eight times more likely to be used for non-therapeutic purposes than for treating a sick animal.

Current practices set the stage for the rapid spread of antibioticresistant bacteria • The long-term administration of antibiotics in animal feed creates an optimal environment for antibiotic resistance genes to multiply. Essentially, treated animals become ‘factories’ for the production and distribution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria such as Salmonella and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), a troubling infection that is resistant to common antibiotics.

• Bacteria can transfer antibiotic resistance to other bacteria, and multiple different resistance genes can be linked together in this process. Thus, even if farmers turn to antibiotics that are not commonly used to treat people, these drugs (given over long periods of time) can also promote resistance.

Several studies demonstrated that antibiotic-resistant bacteria can easily spread from animals to people in close contact with animals, such as veterinarians, slaughterhouse workers, farmers and the families of farmers.

• As much as 90% of antibiotics given to livestock is excreted into the environment. Resistance spreads directly by contact and indirectly through the food chain, water, air, and manured and sludge-fertilised soils.

• The broad use of antibiotics in fish food in farm fishing leads to leaching where it can be washed to other sites, exposing wild fish to trace amounts of antibiotics.

The consequences of antibiotic resistance are great • According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, antibiotic-resistant infections cause longer and more expensive

Dec 2011/Jan 2012 - WHAT’S NEW IN LAB TECHNOLOGY

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analytical hospital stays, and greater risk of death. Each year in the US antibiotic-resistant infections result in US$20 billion in additional healthcare costs and $8 million in costs in additional hospital days. If antibiotics are ineffective, patients may end up paying more in search of alternative drugs, and enduring a wider range of side effects.

Bans on the use of non-therapeutic antibiotics are effective in diminishing antibiotic resistance • Bans in several European countries have led to decreases in antibiotic resistance. Bans in Denmark and Germany have not only decreased the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in farm animals, they have decreased the presence of these bacteria in humans.

• Alternative farming practices such as reducing animal crowding, improving hygiene and improving use of vaccines have been shown to compensate for some of the growth benefits conferred by non-therapeutic antibiotics.

Levy and Marshall also highlight areas of study that may improve our understanding of the link between antibiotic use in animals and the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Modern genetic techniques are helping, they report, but there are still gaps in our understanding at each stage of the transmission chain.

“Aquaculture, or fish farming, has been relatively understudied, yet water is a prime medium for the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria,” says first author Bonnie Marshall, MA, MT (medical technology), senior research associate in the Levy laboratory at Tufts University School of Medicine.

“While the use of non-therapeutic antibiotics remains contentious, the evidence is strong enough to merit precaution. Antibiotics save lives. When infections become resistant to primary antibiotics, and alternative antibiotics must be used, healthcare costs increase. As more infections become more resistant to more antibiotics, we run the risk of losing more of our arsenal of antibiotics, resulting in needless

deaths. It’s important to consider what we stand to gain versus what we stand to lose,” concludes Levy.

The Food & Drug Administration (FDA) has already taken some steps towards stricter regulation of non-therapeutic antibiotic use, acknowledging that the practice is in conflict with protecting the public health and proposing measures to limit the use of these drugs in animals. Levy and his colleagues in the field of infectious disease have called for antibiotics to be classified by the FDA as ‘societal drugs’, establishing specific regulations to protect the efficacy of the drugs.

Dr Levy is President of the international Alliance for the Prudent Use of Antibiotics, and is a fellow of the American College of Physicians, the Infectious Disease Society of America, the American Academy of Microbiology and the Association for the Advancement of Science.

He has published more than 300 papers, edited four books and two special journal editions devoted to antibiotic use and resistance, and is author of The Antibiotic Paradox: How Miracle Drugs Are Destroying the Miracle. He is also co-founder and chief scientific officer of Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Dr Levy received the 2011 Hamao Umezawa Memorial Award from the International Society of Chemotherapy, given in recognition of his lifetime contributions in the field of antibiotic resistance.

Automatic refractometer

Laboratory reactor

The Rudolph Research Analytical Smart Measure system for the J457 refractometer overcomes incorrect measurements linked to cross-contamination caused by the previous sample being inadvertently mixed with the current sample being measured.

Ensuring that the prism surface is properly cleaned between measurements can be difficult for busy environments where multiple operators are involved. Smart Measure knows when the prism is clean. If the prism surface does not produce the correct ‘clean prism’ result then Smart Measure notifies the operator that further cleaning of the prism is necessary. Smart Measure notifies the operator that it is ready to measure after the prism is satisfactorily cleaned.

The J457 is simple to use, robust and reliable. There are over 10 different models and configurations to choose from including a wide-range unit capable of measuring all the pharmaceutical monographs and one suited to a high-throughput food lab wanting repeatable results.

The Radleys Reactor-Ready Lab Reactor is a personal, benchtop reaction station that is simple to use and quick to set up.

The workstation is suitable for use with glass vessels from 250 mL to 5 L. The off-the-shelf, preconfigured glass reactor features a quick-release vessel clamp that facilitates rapid vessel exchange.

The support system accepts all leading brands of overhead stirrer and allows easy, tool-free adjustment. The triple support stand features heavy-duty stainless steel support rods for maximum strength, stability and to minimise vibration and the self-aligning stirrer coupling engages without the need for tools.

The reactor operates over a temperature range from -60 to +190°C and the glassware accessories include condensers, dropping funnels and more.

ALPE Pty Ltd

Pacific Laboratory Products

Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/K871

Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/K399

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WHAT’S NEW IN LAB TECHNOLOGY - Dec 2011/Jan 2012

analytical Organic carbon analyser The TOC-L series of analysers for total organic carbon testing in aqueous samples has a wide sample range from 4 µg/L to 30,000 mg/L and is suitable for analysing ultra-pure to highly contaminated samples of wastewater, brine water, seawater, drinking water and pharmaceutical water.

The four models, including PC-controlled and stand-alone versions, use Shimadzu’s 680°C combustion catalytic oxidation method to efficiently analyse all organic compounds. The series features automatic sample acidification and sparging, as well as an automatic dilution function that reduces sample salinity, acidity and alkalinity. This is claimed to extend the use of catalysts and combustion tubes.

The series features variable syringe sizes when the sample volume is limited. Highprecision mass flow controllers ensure uninterrupted carrier gas for accurate analysis.

A zero-maintenance Peltier cooler used for maximum water vapour removal ensures accurate analysis. In addition, an onboard air purifier may eliminate the need for high-purity air during testing.

The optional salt kit is claimed to allow 12 times more salt to be analysed before maintenance is required. The ASI-L autosampler can use three different vial sizes for various applications, while the smaller OCT-L can use any vial size for up to eight or 16 samples.

The models can accept particulates up to 500 or 800 microns with the optional particulate kit. The SSM-5000 is suitable for larger particles, solids, soils and sludge. The TNM-L can be added for simultaneous TOC and total nitrogen analyses.

Shimadzu Scientific Instruments (Oceania) Pty Ltd

Reversed-phase LC columns The Acclaim C30 reversed-phase LC columns have been designed to provide high shape selectivity for separation of hydrophobic structurally related isomers and selectivity complementary to other reversed-phase columns such as C18.

Key benefits include high shape selectivity; unique selectivity complementary to other reversed-phase columns; compatibility with highly aqueous mobile phases; high-quality columns with low column bleed, high efficiency and rugged packing.

Acclaim C30 columns are available in 3 and 5 µm particle sizes and 4.6, 3.0 and 2.1 mm diameters, with an average pore diameter of 200 Å. It is based on covalent modification of C30 alkyl silane on high-purity, spherical, porous silica gel. The combination of advanced surface modification technology and careful matching of C30 alkyl chain with the pore size of the silica substrate results in a unique chemistry ideal for separating hydrophobic structurally related isomers.

Dionex Pty Ltd Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/J554

Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/J152

Compact -86˚C Ultra Low Storage.

Undercounter. Benchtop. Stackable.

SU105 benefits: Stirling Ultracold introduces the Stirling SU105 ultra low freezer, a spacious 3.7 cu.ft. (105 Litre) cabinet that delivers stable, uniform -86°C storage at a fraction of the operating cost of conventional cascade refrigeration systems.

To enquire NOW! Up to 50% Less Call 1800 024 407

Energy Consumption

www.edwardsco.com.au Dec 2011/Jan 2012 - WHAT’S NEW IN LAB TECHNOLOGY

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analytical Deep ocean temperature data logger The Onset Hobo U12 Deep Ocean Temp Logger can be used to track ocean temperatures at extreme depths.

The water temperature data logger is suitable for deep-water oceanographers looking for an easy-to-use, robust logger that can provide years of reliable performance in corrosive salt water environments. The logger can measure water temperatures from -40 to 125°C and features a virtually indestructible titanium housing and a 3-year battery. Typical applications for the data logger include tracking hydrothermal vent activities and ocean circulation studies.

Water temperature data collected with the logger can be quickly and easily off-loaded to a PC or Mac computer via a direct USB interface. The data logger can also off-load to Onset’s Hobo U-Shuttle, a handheld data transport device that makes it easy to readout and relaunch the logger in the field without a laptop computer.

Onset’s Hoboware Pro software makes it easy to graph and analyse water temperature data. Settings are configured using simple, intuitive windows and the software provides a number of time-saving features that make it fast and easy to set up and off-load many data loggers. Hoboware Pro also makes it easy to combine data sets from multiple Hobo U12 Deep Ocean temp loggers and offers one-click data export to Microsoft Excel and other programs.

OneTemp Pty Ltd

Automatic backup of critical data NovaStor has released the latest version of its NovaBACKUP SMB product line for workstations, servers and virtual machines.

Version 12.5 offers enhanced backup of critical data to NAS devices, making it easier to be compliant with corporate security policies.

In IT environments with several users or user groups, password-protected NAS directories are often implemented. With NovaBACKUP version 12.5, the NAS directory is available for backups independent of individual users’ sign-in status. NovaBACKUP 12.5 registers automatically at the selected NAS directory and carries out the backup as scheduled.

NovaStor’s extended NAS support increases the flexibility and reliability of data backup to NAS devices. The software supports plug and play of NAS devices as well as several other popular storage devices.

ACA Pacific Pty Ltd Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/M098

Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/K879

Rapid

return on investment

Easy

to configure and install

Complete

fully integrated lims solution

Australian local product, service and advice

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WHAT’S NEW IN LAB TECHNOLOGY - Dec 2011/Jan 2012

analytical Portable oscilloscope The ScopeMeter 190 Series II 2-channel handheld portable oscilloscopes combine the power of a 2-channel oscilloscope with a 5000 count digital multimeter and paperless recording modes, creating an advanced test and measurement tool.

The 2-channel models join the recently introduced 4-channel ScopeMeter 190 Series II models to create the first full line of high-performance portable oscilloscopes with two or four independently isolated input channels, rugged sealed case and CAT III 1000 V/ CAT IV 600 V safety rating.

Oscilloscopes extend electrical or electronic troubleshooting techniques by providing a clear picture of what an electrical signal looks like. By visually analysing the waveform, users can instantly see common signal disturbances like noise, distortion or transients.

Closely inspecting the waveform over the amplitude or time domain can reveal errors like signal attenuation, fluctuation, drift or even unwanted offsets and jitter. Capturing and assessing the extent of these anomalies is the first step in diagnosing an electrical system failure.

The portable oscilloscopes combine a sealed case that is dust and drip proof tested in accordance to IP51 with a design that is tested to withstand 3 g vibration or 30 g shock.

Enhancements in the 190 Series II include extended battery life, hot-swappable batteries and a higher safety rating. The ScopeMeter operates for up to 4 h with a 2400 mAh Li-Ion pack (standard with 2 channel models) or up to 7 hours with the high capacity 4800 mAh Li-Ion pack (standard with 4 channel models optional for the 2 channel models). The battery door makes it possible to quickly swap in a fresh charged battery. Independent electrically isolated inputs safety rated to CAT III 1000 V/CAT IV make it safe for users to measure everything from low voltage control signals all the way up to a 3-phase mains power supply.

Fluke Australia Pty Ltd Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/K870

Metrology wells Available to rent, the Hart 9170-R metrology well has built-in reference thermometry with NATA calibration.

Reference inputs accepted (not supplied) are 100, 25 and 10 Ω PRTs for well depth of up to 160 mm.

The metrology well features a large LCD screen, numeric keypad and on-screen menus for user-friendly operation. It has a display accuracy ±0.1°C, stability ±0.005°C full range and resolution 0.001°C. The unit’s temperature range is -45 to 140°C. TechRentals Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/K251

Dec 2011/Jan 2012 - WHAT’S NEW IN LAB TECHNOLOGY

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analytical Analytical balances

Multi-experiment workstation

PW analytical balances offer a quick way to measure to 0.1 mg. The balances feature durable, solid metal construction; standard internal motorised calibration; and a large, easy-to-read backlit dual display that shows text prompts to help the user set up the balance quickly.

The interface is ergonomically designed with all main functions right at the user’s fingertips. Highlighted tare keys stand out for easy access and recognition, while other buttons access set-up functions, turn the balance on or off, send data to a printer, calibrate and change modes and weighing units.

The bidirectional RS232 interface enables data transfer from the balance to printers or computers.

Other features include built-in applications for density, percentage, comparison and check weighing, plus counting and dynamic or animal weighing. The balance offers 16 weighing units, including a custom unit. Models are available from 120 to 250 g and readabilities at 0.1 mg.

The Radleys StarFish Multi-experiment workstation is claimed to reduce waste and cost while increasing productivity.

The School of Life Sciences at the University of Bradford has invested in multiple StarFish systems for use in the Chemical & Forensic Sciences (CFS) teaching laboratories. The main focus of the CFS is in the teaching of chemistry and forensic science as specialised subject areas which include chemistry, forensic recovery and laboratory examination techniques, with preparative and analytical chemical techniques also forming a major part of these programs.

Before investing in StarFish, CFS would often have five individual water baths or heating mantles setup, each taking up space, requiring their own electric and water supplies and individual condenser set-ups. The lab wanted a simple, versatile alternative to improve the student experience, make better use of laboratory facilities and space as well as give the students an experience of up-to-date technology in use in industry.

Using only one heat source, as opposed to five, the StarFish reduces the electrical energy requirement and therefore the carbon footprint and cost of operation. Instead of five individual condensers running water to waste there is significant saving in having only one restricted input and outlet giving a lower and more effective cooling flow than achieved by five set-ups.

By use of inserts, round-bottom flasks from 5 to 500 mL can be accommodated in the workstation, including the use of different sizes on the same baseplate, at the same time. Ease of attachment of water supplies, a small footprint, all flasks being capable of stirring simultaneously and the ease of removal from the heat source make the unit particularly versatile.

Adam Equipment (SE ASIA) Pty Ltd Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/L766

Pacific Laboratory Products Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/K400

Vibration tester The Fluke 810 vibration tester enables users to rapidly collect data and diagnose and solve mechanical problems with an affordable, easy-to-use tool.

The handheld 810 is designed and programmed to diagnose the most common mechanical problems of unbalance, looseness, misalignment and bearing failures in a wide variety of mechanical equipment, including motors, fans, blowers, belts and chain drives, gearboxes, couplings, pumps, compressors, closed coupled machines and spindles.

When it detects a fault, the tester identifies the problem and rates its severity on a four-level scale. Context-sensitive onboard help menus provide new users with real-time guidance and tips.

The vibration tester comes with embedded diagnostic technology, triaxial TEDS accelerometer, accelerometer magnet mount, accelerometer mounting pad kit with adhesive, accelerometer quick-disconnect cable, laser tachometer and storage pouch, smart battery pack with cable and adapters, shoulder strap, adjustable hand strap, Viewer PC application software, mini-USB to USB cable, Getting Started guide, illustrated Quick Reference guide, User Manual CD-ROM and a hard carrying case.

Fluke Australia Pty Ltd Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/K395

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WHAT’S NEW IN LAB TECHNOLOGY - Dec 2011/Jan 2012

life sciences

Free software to speed drug development Jason Maderer

Using a computer program that can study larger molecules faster than any other program in existence will help researchers improve knowledge about why certain molecules are attracted to each other and how those relationships can be ‘tuned’ to improve drug development. Rather than selling the software, the developers have decided to distribute their code free of charge as part of the open-source computer program PSI4.

C

reating new, improved pharmaceuticals is sometimes very similar to cracking the code of a combination lock. If you have the wrong numbers, the lock won’t open. Even worse, you don’t know if your numbers are close to the actual code or way off the mark. The only solution is to simply guess a new combination and try again.

Similarly, when a newly created drug doesn’t bind well to its intended target, the drug won’t work. Scientists are then forced to go back to the lab, often with very little indication about why the binding was weak. The next step is to choose a different pharmaceutical ‘combination’ and hope for better results. Georgia Tech researchers have now generated a computer model that could help change that blind process.

Symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (SAPT) allows scientists to study interactions between molecules, such as those between a drug and its target. In the past, computer algorithms that study these non-covalent interactions have been very slow, limiting the types of molecules that can be studied using accurate quantum mechanical methods. A research team headed by Georgia Tech Professor of Chemistry David Sherrill has developed a computer program that can study larger molecules (more than 200 atoms) faster than any other program in existence.

“Our fast energy component analysis program is designed to improve our knowledge about why certain molecules are attracted to one another,” explained Sherrill, who also has a joint appointment in the School of Computational Science and Engineering.

“It can also show us how interactions between molecules can be tuned by chemical modifications, such as replacing a hydrogen atom with a fluorine atom. Such knowledge is key to advancing rational drug design.”

The algorithms can also be used to improve the understanding of crystal structures and energetics, as well as the 3D arrangement of biological macromolecules. Sherrill’s team used the software to study the interactions between DNA and proflavine; these interactions are

Initial speedup of SAPT intermolecular analysis code (2010) due to density fitting techniques (blue curve), versus conventional code (black curve) for pairs of molecules of increasing size; (b) Further speedup of the latest code (2011, blue curve) versus the earlier code (2010, red curve) for aromatic molecules of increasing size.

Dec 2011/Jan 2012 - WHAT’S NEW IN LAB TECHNOLOGY

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life sciences

Binding of difloro-proflavine to a segment of DNA

typical of those found between DNA and several anticancer drugs.

The findings have been published in the Journal of Chemical Physics.

Rather than selling the software, the Georgia Tech researchers have decided to distribute their code free of charge as part of the open-source computer program PSI4, developed jointly by researchers at Georgia Tech, Virginia Tech, the University of Georgia and Oak Ridge National Laboratory. It is expected to be available in early 2012.

“By giving away our source code, we hope it will be adopted rapidly by researchers in pharmaceuticals, organic electronics and catalysis,

Disposable micropipette tips Kartell’s range of micropipette tips is manufactured from virgin cadmium-free polypropylene. The high-clarity and water-repellent properties of these tips keep sample retention within the tip visible and to a minimum. The precise centring of the orifice at the end of the tip is designed to ensure reliable directionality of the sample when delivered.

The range of pipette tips features sizes and styles to suit all purposes, with tips ranging from 0.5 to 20 µL up to 1000 to 5000 µL. The range also includes specialised fine-tips for gel-loading, and different coloured tips: yellow, blue, green and natural, for easy identification.

Recommended for use with the Kartell automatic micropipettes, the range of tips delivers high results even when used with most other micropipette brands available, including: Gilson, Eppendorf, MLA, Oxford, Biohit, Beckman, Socorex, Nichiryo, Finnpipette, Brand and Genex.

The disposable tips come in three different packages: bulk bag - 1000 tips, packed in boxed racks - one box with 96 racked tips and refill racks - five racks of 96 tips each (480 tips in total).

The micropipette tips and containers are autoclavable at 121°C for 20 min for easy sterilisation.

Sieper & Co Pty Ltd Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/M091

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giving them the tools they need to design better products,” said Sherrill.

Sherrill’s team next plans to use the software to study the noncovalent interactions involving indinavir, which is used to treat HIV patients.

Georgia Institute of Technology www.gatech.edu

Precast polyacrylamide gels PAGEr Gold Precast Gels are designed for optimal separation of a wide range of proteins. They contain a stacking gel and a resolving gel for separating denatured and native proteins.

The gels feature good resolution with crisp separation of proteins 5-250 kDa; and multiple well formats and gel concentrations.

The gels are easy to use with marked sample lanes and a simple twist-open design.

Compatible with all stain chemistries and fitting most popular chambers - users can utilise Lonza’s chamber compatibility chart to determine the right gel size for a system. The gels are available in 2 sizes - 10 x 10 cm and 9 x 10 cm.

The gels can be stored at 2-8°C for three months from date of manufacture.

Lonza Australia Pty Ltd Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/K974

WHAT’S NEW IN LAB TECHNOLOGY - Dec 2011/Jan 2012

QuantStudio™ 12K Flex Real-Time PCR System Do what you never thought possible. With 5 interchangeable blocks, you can analyze from 1 to over 12,000 data points per run in any assay format that is right for your project.

The QuantStudio™ 12K Flex system transforms the leading real-time PCR platforms into a single platform combining maximum throughput, scalability, and flexibility. Now, targeted discovery, confirmation, high-throughput screening, and everything in between, can be done on a single system.

See what the system can do at www.appliedbiosystems.com/quantstudio For Research Use Only. Not intended for human or animal therapeutic or diagnostic use. © 2011 Life Technologies Corporation. All rights reserved.

The trademarks mentioned herein are the property of Life Technologies Corporation or their respective owners. CO24128 1011

life sciences Pipette tips

Autophagy

Freload Tips are an extension to Interpath Services’ range of aerosol barrier pipette tips.

Manufactured using recyclable packaging and designed for minimal waste, Freloads are an environmentally friendly, easy-to-use and cost-effective way of reloading tip racks without the waste.

The tip sizes range from 10 to 1250 µL volumes and are manufactured using a low-retention resin for improved volume accuracy. This soft-fit resin enables tips to have a wider pipette compatibility while still ensuring a proper fit.

Enzo Life Sciences’ wide selection of autophagy-related kits, small molecules, cell-based assays and reagents can be used to assess the process of autophagy from phagophore assembly through autolysosome creation and beyond. The range is claimed to provide rapid, quantitative results.

The range includes: sensitive ELISA kits for measuring autophagy biomarkers NBR1 and p62; Screen-Well Autophagy Compound Library that includes structurally and mechanistically different pro- and anti-autophagic compounds for screening applications; quantitative Cyto-ID Autophagy detection kit for monitoring autophagy in live cells with no-transfection. A large selection of thoroughly validated antibodies and purified proteins are also available.

Interpath Services Pty Ltd Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/M092

Automated pipetting workstation The Microlab Nimbus 4, part of the Hamilton robotics range, is a compact and flexible automated pipetting workstation with four high-precision independent 1 mL pipetting channels designed to meet the needs of smaller to medium throughput applications.

The device provides a high-density deck layout in a minimum footprint, with the claimed greatest speed, tip-positioning precision and pipetting accuracy.

With a broad range of accessories and options, and application and service support throughout Australasia, the device is a suitable automated liquid handling tool for many laboratories.

Typical applications include: reagent transfers; hit picking; PCR set-up; DNA extraction; tube-to-plate reformatting.

Bio-Strategy Limited Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/L727

N-terminal sequencing of proteins and peptides Providing a simple and robust solution for many laboratories, protein sequencing utilising automated Edman degradation chemistry remains a vital method of producing unambiguous data on biopharmaceutical or biochemical materials. An Edman sequencer, such as Shimadzu’s PPSQ series instrument, is suitable for producing N-terminal sequencing information for proteins and peptides and is less complex to use than many alternative mass spectrometry-based techniques.

Shimadzu’s PPSQ series achieves greater simplicity and reliability in the automatic determination of amino acid sequences by employing HPLC analysis coupled with high sensitivity detection and powerful acquisition/analysis software. N-terminal sequencing is a key part of the ICH Q6B guidelines for characterisation and confirmation of biopharmaceuticals. The PPSQ Series has been specifically developed to simplify the generation of customised reports for information relating to estimated sequences and yield rates which can easily be displayed in graphical form to enable users to select amino acids for their calculations.

Suitable for supporting QA applications in biopharmaceutical and biochemistry companies, the Shimadzu PPSQ series is also suitable for university departments looking to run protein sequencing studies.

The PPSQ series’ software features control functions for the reaction unit and HPLC, enabling easier sequence analysis of proteins and peptides. Easy-to-use data analysis functions simplify the reprocessing of chromatograms as well as the overlaying of multiple chromatograms which all helps in the automatic estimation of amino acid sequences.

Shimadzu Scientific Instruments (Oceania) Pty Ltd Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/M093

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United Bioresearch Products Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/P159

Cytoskeleton and associated protein enrichment Merck Millipore has launched two ProteoExtract Kits that enable researchers to more rapidly and effectively enrich, isolate and analyse the cytoskeleton and associated proteins.

The ProteoExtract Cytoskeleton Enrichment and Isolation kit (cat. # 17-10195) provides the necessary extraction buffers to quickly and selectively remove soluble cytoplasmic and nuclear protein fractions for downstream biochemical analysis, including Western blot and mass spectrometry. The assay is performed in as little as 20 min and foregoes the need for harsh buffers and centrifugation, thus retaining more of the native focal adhesion- and actin-associated proteins, as compared to traditional protein fractionation methods. Vimentin and GAPDH antibodies are also included as markers for the cytoskeleton and cytosol, respectively, for Western blot analysis.

The ProteoExtract Native Cytoskeleton Enrichment and Staining Kit (cat. # 17-10210) includes the necessary reagents to efficiently enrich, retain and visualise the cytoskeleton and associated proteins in their native, adhered conformations with the same gentle technique. The kit also includes labelled phalloidin and antibodies against vinculin and GAPDH as markers for visualisation and co-localisation of the actin cytoskeleton, focal adhesions and cytosol for immunofluorescence analysis.

Merck Millipore Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/M007

WHAT’S NEW IN LAB TECHNOLOGY - Dec 2011/Jan 2012

life sciences Electrophoresis system The GE Healthcare Amersham ECL GEL Box is a hassle-free, buffer sparing electrophoresis system.

The horizontal system requires virtually no assembly. The high lot-to-lot consistency of gels ensures reproducible, high-quality results. The shelf life of gels is up to 12 months, allowing off-the-shelf selection of the best gel for the application.

With high resolution and sensitivity, the convenientto-handle system offers optimal performance for protein detection.

Liquid handling workstation

VWR Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/M096

Real-time PCR instruments Thermo Scientific PikoReal Real-Time PCR Systems are available in 24- and 96-well formats and offer high performance in a small benchtop footprint.

The heating block design of PikoReal systems maintains good temperature uniformity and fast heating and cooling for optimal amplification. The ultrathin wall (UTW) Piko PCR plates minimise running costs, plastics waste and energy consumption. Although these plates are a quarter the size of standard plates, their well volumes and spacing ensures compatibility with multichannel pipettes and liquid handling instrumentation. Finally, PikoReal systems are claimed to use half the power of typical real-time PCR instruments and consume less reagent, providing a cost-effective and environmentally friendly option for personal benchtop or field use.

The combination of the heating block and UTW Piko consumables ensures data uniformity for more reliable and repeatable results. The built-in optical system of the PikoReal contains five channels, precalibrated for the most common dyes, so users can perform multiplexing with four dyes while dedicating the fifth channel to SYBR Green and HRM experiments.

The instruments are controlled by PikoReal software, which enables absolute and relative quantification, melting curve analysis and genotyping. Systems can also be used as stand-alone by transferring an amplification protocol from PikoReal Software to the instrument using a USB stick. The software also uses a Virtual Pipetting Tool that guides users through plate set-up.

Thermo Fisher Scientific Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/M101

Molecular imaging system The Wealtec Ketagalan M Series molecular imaging system is dedicated to chemiluminescence/fluorescence and gel documentation applications for proteomics and genomics research.

The wide linear range, cooled CCD camera coupled with 1.4 and 4.0 megapixels resolution achieves high performance which can satisfy most fluorescence and chemiluminescence applications.

An optional SELM-200 selectable external xenon light module provides a high-intensity Epi light source for advanced fluorescence image capture.

The Ketagalan M operates with the Magic 1D software.

SciTech Pty Ltd Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/M100

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The Hamilton Star line workstations are based on superior air displacement pipetting technology. This increases accuracy and repeatability while providing chain of custody with pipette condition monitoring and recording. Each workstation can be configured with multiple arms and each arm can be configured with multiple pipetting and labware gripping devices. Pipetting channels and labware grippers move independently of each other, supporting the use of a wide range of labware. The autoload option provides barcode tracking of samples, labware, racks and carriers. All workstation functions and integrated third-party devices are controlled by the Venus software.

Venus Two is the latest software package for the Star Line. It offers intuitive, flexible and powerful programming control. Venus offers all the tools to allow simple to complex programming, without limiting imagination or compromising requirements.

Starline instruments are also equipped with CO-RE technology (compressed Oring expansion): where the system attaches disposable tips or washable steel tips to the pipetting channels with a stable lock-andkey fit and a precision of Âą0.1 mm in all axes. The Hamilton Star is therefore suitable for tasks where high precision is required.

The Hamilton Star requires no vertical force for tip attachment or tip ejection, thus eliminating mechanical stress and improving the overall system reliability along with pipetting speed and dexterity. Added benefits of CO-RE technology include: use of both disposable and washable tips within the same run; ability to pick up CO-RE grippers and other tools; and elimination of aerosol production upon tip ejection.

Data can be tracked and processed within the application as well as interfaces to internal and external databases, including LIMS. The Star can serve as a simple pipettor for serial dilutions or act as the centre of a large system with multiple workstations and third-party devices such incubators, cell counters, centrifuges, etc.

Bio-Strategy Pty Limited Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/M076

WHAT’S NEW IN LAB TECHNOLOGY - Dec 2011/Jan 2012

life sciences

Conference season in Lorne Late every summer the Mantra Erskine Beach Resort in Lorne hosts a series of life science conferences that attract a host of national and international speakers and delegates. The beachfront location on Victoria’s famous Great Ocean Road and the 12 acres of landscaped gardens that surround the resort, make this the ideal setting for scientists and their families to combine world-class conferences with a holiday by the sea.

37th Lorne Conference on Protein Structure and Function Conference

17th Lorne Proteomics Symposium 2-5 February 2012

5-9 February 2012

Mantra Erskine Beach Resort, Lorne Registration and more information: www.australasianproteomics.org Proteomics is the large-scale study of the protein complement of a living organism. The Australasian Proteomics Society (APS) aims to promote and facilitate proteomics research and related topics in Australia and New Zealand. The APS membership is drawn from academic, industry and government laboratories. To assist in the dissemination of knowledge in the field, the APS has been organising an annual meeting in Lorne since 1996.

At this year’s meeting, poster presenters will have the chance to introduce themselves and seminal points of their presentations in 5-minute ‘Lightning Talks’.

Tony Pawson Chris Overall

Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute of Mt. Sinai Hospital, Canada University of British Columbia, Centre for Blood Research, Canada

Mantra Erskine Beach Resort, Lorne Registration and more information: www.lorneproteins.org Leading-edge protein science, irrespective of its focus, will be at the forefront of this year’s Protein Structure and Function Conference. The program themes for 2012 will include: • Emerging technologies • Hot topics in NMR • How proteins fold • Peptides and misfold - why size matters • Deadly viruses • Motor proteins

• Phosphatases and signalling Speakers at the 2012 Protein Structure and Function Conference Ad Bax

National Institutes of Health, USA

Andrew P Carter

MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, UK

Jane Clarke

University of Cambridge, UK

David S Eisenberg

University of California Los Angeles, USA

Samuel Gellman

University of Wisconsin, USA

Lila Gierasch

University of Massachusetts, USA

Anne Houdusse

Institut Curie, France

Willi Jahnen-Dechent

Department of Biomedical Engineering Medical Faculty of RWTH Aachen University, Germany

Kazuki Saito

Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Japan

Catherine Costello

Mass Spectrometry Resource Boston University School of Medicine, USA

Sophie Jackson

University of Cambridge, UK

Rick Lewis

Newcastle University, UK

Benjamin Cravatt

Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, USA

Brian Matthews

University of Oregon, USA

Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Germany

Stephen Pak

University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, USA

Sheena Radford

University of Leeds, UK

Carol Robinson

Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, UK

Philippe Bastiaens Benjamin Neel

Division of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Ontario Cancer Institute, Canada

Charles Sanders

Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, USA

John Mattick

Garvan Institute of Medical Research, NSW

Shirish Shenolikar

Duke University Medical Center, USA

Bruce Kemp

St Vincent’s Institute for Medical Research, Vic

Michael F Summers

University of Maryland, USA

Martin Lackman

Monash University, Vic

Nick Tonks

Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, USA

Ben Schultz

University of Queensland, Qld

Jake Baum

Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Vic

Robert Moritz

Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, USA

John Carver

The University of Adelaide, SA

Gregory Staples

Agilent Laboratories, USA

Bostjan Kobe

University of Queensland, Qld

Mark von Itzstein

Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Qld

Gottfried Otting

Australian National University, ACT

Theodore Sana

Agilent Technologies, USA

Nicole Verrills

The University of Newcastle, NSW

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Alexander Khromykh The University of Queensland, Qld

WHAT’S NEW IN LAB TECHNOLOGY - Dec 2011/Jan 2012

life sciences 24th Lorne Cancer Conference 9–11 February 2012

33rd Annual Lorne Genome Conference 2012

Mantra Erskine Beach Resort, Lorne

12-14 February 2012

Registration and further information: www.lornecancer.org Fitting neatly between the Lorne Protein and Genome Meetings, the Lorne Cancer Conference has a strong international and national scientific content. Delegates from many of the major hospitals, universities, research institutes and biotechnology companies within Australia will be attending.

The wide-ranging program will be highlighted by two plenary presentations: one by George D Demetri who is an Associate Professor in the Department of Medicine at Harvard Medical School and also a Director at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute’s Center for Sarcoma and Bone Oncology and the other by the Professor of Pathology at University of California, San Francisco, Director of the Center for Translational Research in the Molecular Genetics of Cancer and co-leader of the Cell Cycling and Signaling Program at the UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center Thea Tlsty.

Mantra Erskine Resort, Lorne

International speakers at the 2012 Cancer Conference Alan Ashworth

Institute of Cancer Research, UK

Laura D Attardi

Stanford University School of Medicine, USA

William C Hahn

Dana Farber Cancer Institute, USA

Michael Hemann

Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, USA

Hiroyuki Mano

Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan

Heidi Phillips

Genentech, Inc, USA

Geoffrey M Wahl

Salk Institute, USA

Registration and more information: www.genome-conf.net.au Molecular genetics will be studied, discussed and considered at the Genome Conference. Various aspects of genome organisation, gene expression and gene technology extending to include many other disciplines such as molecular biology, microbiology, biochemistry, development biology and more will be under the spotlight.

The first Australian Genome Conference was held in 1979 in South Australia at Martindale Hall (the site of the infamous Picnic at Hanging Rock). The meeting was organised by Julian Wells and attended by about 35 people. In the following years the meetings were held in the Eden/Bega, region of southern NSW, generally at camping grounds. These relaxed and informal meetings are remembered fondly, with butchers paper and marker pens for presentations, and the occasional interruption of scientific sessions to chase a passing school of fish.

The meetings then moved to Lorne, initially in a joint conference with Lorne Proteins, again with most participants camping in tents or on the beach. Only twice since then has the meeting been held away from Lorne - in 1999 when the Human Genetics Organisation held its annual conference in Brisbane and Lorne Genome was not held and in 2005 when the conference was held on Phillip Island due to renovations of the Erskine resort.

International speakers at the 2012 Genome Conference Asifa Akhtar

Max Plank Institute, Germany

Chromatin regulation and epigenetic mechanisms

Siobhan Brady

University of California - Davis

Systems biology of transcriptional control in plant development

Xuemei Chen

University of California - Riverside

Small RNAs in plant development

Stephen Cohen

Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore

miRNAs and developmental biology

Patrick Cramer

University of Munich, Germany

Gene transcription and gene regulation

Job Dekker

University of Massachusetts, USA

Spatial organisation of genomes

Joe Heitman

Duke University, USA

Evolution and molecular basis of microbial pathogenesis

Nevan Krogan

University of California San Francisco, USA

tba

Reinhard Lührmann Göttingen, Germany

tba

Jian Jun Liu

The Genome Institute of tba Singapore

Karolin Luger

Colarado State University, USA

Huck Hui Ng

The Genome Institute of Genome-wide analysis Singapore in stem cells

Robert Roeder

Rockefeller University, USA

Transcriptional control

Marain Walhout

University of Massachusetts, USA

Systems biology of gene regulatory networks

Andy Futreal

Sanger Institute, UK

Cancer genomics

Peter Fraser

Babraham Institute, UK

tba

Dec 2011/Jan 2012 - WHAT’S NEW IN LAB TECHNOLOGY

Regulation of chromatin structure and function

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life sciences Microbiological safety cabinets The LaboGene SCANLAF Mars and Mars Pro Class 2 Microbiological Safety Cabinets are available.

The Mars cabinet provides safety and protection with advanced digital technology and lowest energy consumption. It is designed and manufactured to DIN EN:12469 with TÜV Certification on 1.2 and 1.8 m models.

The Mars Pro triple filter Class 2 cabinet with safe change filter configuration provides safety assurance when working with cytotoxic and hazardous medicines. The cabinets are designed in accordance with DIN 12980 and DIN EN:12469 with TÜV Certification on the 1.2 and 1.8 m models.

Bio-Strategy Limited Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/L351

Metabolite profiling The Roche Cedex Bio Bioprocess Analyzer is a continuous random-access analyser, enabling a safe and reliable determination of chemical and biochemical parameters in aqueous solutions. The compact desktop system is designed to fulfil the essential needs for metabolite screening and substrate analysis of bioprocesses.

Its comprehensive testing capabilities include photometric testing and electrolyte testing. The measurement of up to 14 parameters simultaneously (out of 28 programmable tests) is possible per sample.

The Cedex Bio Bioprocess Analyzer is easy to operate, enabling continuous loading and unloading of diverse cup types as well as onboard dilution of highly concentrated samples.

New parameters can be implemented by ‘plug and play’ and a development channel for individual assay customisation is planned.

Bioprocess analytics are performed throughout the process from cell line development to large-scale manufacturing of commercialised therapeutics. The majority of testing takes place during the upscale from plate-size to pre-clinical or early clinical studies supply – this is where the Cedex Bio Bioprocess Analyzer fits in. It is an accurate and reliable tool, providing bioprocess metabolite profiling, which is critical for the optimal production of biotherapeutics.

The Cedex Bio Analyzer was developed utilising the proven cobas Instrument technology from Roche.

Assays for the determination of glucose, lactate, LDH, NH3, Na+, K+, glutamine and glutamate are available with the instrument. LDH as a parameter for cell death is unique in the metabolite profiling. Parameters like an IgG measurement with comparable precision to HPLC analysis will be available, soon.

The product is for life science research only and not for use in diagnostic procedures.

Roche www.roche-applied-science.com

Culture vessels Greiner Bio-One has released a range of Advanced TC tissue culture vessels for the propagation of fastidious cells like primary or sensitive cells as well as cells cultivated under restricted growth conditions.

The cell culture surface is modified to promote cellular features and functions. Cell attachment and higher proliferation rates improve and accelerate cell expansion.

The surface facilitates consistent and homogenous cell attachment, increasing overall yield and reducing loss - for example, during automated washing steps.

The range covers TC flasks, plates and dishes.

Interpath Services Pty Ltd Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/L762

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WHAT’S NEW IN LAB TECHNOLOGY - Dec 2011/Jan 2012

life sciences HPLC/UHPLC columns for protein and peptide separation The Phenomenex Aeris core-shell HPLC/UHPLC columns have been specially designed for the analysis of proteins and peptides. The high-performance columns are claimed will deliver higher resolution and peak capacities than other bioseparation media, producing sub-2 micron results on any LC instrument. With virtually no bleed, Aeris columns are highly compatible with MS. Aeris columns are offered in wide- and small-pore configurations. The Widepore 3.6-micron core-shell columns are optimised for the separation of intact proteins and polypeptides, and are available in three selectivities - XB-C18, XB-C8 and C4. Because the 3.6-micron core-shell particles produce lower backpressures than traditional media, longer or coupled columns can be used to increase resolving power on both HPLC and UHPLC instruments.

Aeris Peptide 3.6-micron and 1.7-micron columns, designed with a small pore size, are recommended for the separation of low molecular weight peptides and for peptide mapping. The XB-C18 stationary phase provides suitable surface chemistry for resolving peptides. Peptide 3.6-micron particles offer ultra-high performance at backpressures compatible with both HPLC and UHPLC instruments. On UHPLC systems, the 1.7-micron Aeris particles can deliver higher peak capacities than fully porous sub-2 micron columns.

The Aeris columns are plug and play, requiring very little work in method transfer.

Phenomenex Australia Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/M079

Wnt pathway library Enzo Life Sciences has expanded its collection of focused Screen-Well compound libraries with the release of the Wnt Pathway library.

The library is a focused collection of 75 compounds with defined and diverse Wnt pathway activity, including activators and inhibitors of Wnts, Dishevelled, GSK-3β and other Wnt pathway kinases, TCF/β-catenin, DKK, LRP, Axin, Porcupine and more.

Compounds are dissolved in DMSO at 10 mM or 1 mM and aliquoted into deepwell plates at 100 or 500 µl per well.

A variety of structurally and mechanistically different compound classes are included.

It is a useful tool for studying the roles of pro- and anti-Wnt pathway molecules in cells as well as for use in in vitro applications.

Features includes: focused collection of 75 Wnt activators and inhibitors on one 96well plate; includes compounds unique to the Enzo portfolio; mechanistically diverse ready-to-screen compounds; compounds are available for resupply.

United Bioresearch Products Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/P158

Guaranteed Results Integrity.

Improved Operational Efficiency.

Faster Implementations.

The GenoLogics LIMS. Automate lab workflows; reduce labor-intensive, error-prone steps; optimize instrumentation use; improve sample management and internal communication; ensure traceable results for years; and implement your LIMS fast.

Hear from our customers: genologics.com/case-studies step of the workflow

Dr. Peter Wilson, Executive Officer, Queensland Centre

OnQ Software Pty Ltd Phone: 03 9501 9595 www.onqsoft.com.au

Dec 2011/Jan 2012 - WHAT’S NEW IN LAB TECHNOLOGY

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life sciences Low-volume measurement plates The MicroMax Low Volume Microplate from Molecular Devices, with its option to test 24 or 64 samples per plate and StakMax Microplate Handling System compatibility, has the claimed highest throughput for low-volume measurement.

With its simple design providing good flexibility, it is suitable for multiuser environments. Using either 2 or 4 µL samples, users have a variety of cleaning options available: simply wiping the slide, autoclaving or replacing the slides. The no-hinge design offers good uniformity with no maintenance and a simplified cleaning process.

Suitable for core labs, bioprocessing QC/manufacturing environments, biorepositories and molecular diagnostics labs, the 8- or 16-channel pipettor compatibility of 24 or 64 sample plates enables fast determinations of a wide range of samples including DNA, RNA and proteins.

The low-volume plates are compatible with all SpectraMax readers including the SpectraMax Paradigm platform. They have ready-to-use, application-specific protocols in SoftMax Pro Data Analysis and Acquisition software for seamless integration.

Bio-Strategy Limited Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/P221

Protein expression detection at the single cell level Abcam’s Fluorospot kits allow users to detect and enumerate individual cells secreting cytokines in conditions closely similar to in situ.

The kits are based on the sandwich ELISA technology.

Cytokines are captured by coated antibodies thus avoiding diffusion, protease digestion or binding to receptors. After cell removal, captured cytokines are revealed by tracer antibodies and enzyme-linked fluorescent detection, each spot representing a single reactive cell.

Dual kits enable simultaneous detection of two different cytokines from the same cells, giving users the flexibility to investigate the interaction of two proteins. Advantages include high sensitivity, fast procedure, accuracy and reliability with no cross-reactivity.

Sapphire Bioscience Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/M077

Antibody labelling kits The Innova Biosciences Lightning-Link Rapid Antibody Labelling System allows conjugations to be set up in seconds and the labelled antibody used within minutes. By circumventing the desalting or dialysis steps that commonly interrupt traditional protein labelling procedures, they can be used to label small quantities of antibody with 100% recovery of the labelled antibody. Labelled antibodies are suitable for Western blotting, ELISA, immunohistochemistry, immunofluoresence and FACS analysis.

Preparing the labelled antibody is a straightforward process and is completed in 20 min. Simply add the Antibody Modifier to the purified antibody, then add the modified antibody solution to the Lightning-Link Rapid reagent and incubate at ambient temperature for 15 min. Finally, add the Lightning-Link Quencher and, after another 4 min, the labelled antibody is ready to use.

The Lightning-Link Rapid is currently available with Fluorescein, Cy3, Cy5, Atto488, Atto565, Atto594 and Atto633 labels with more labels being added to expand the product range. The original Lightning-Link Antibody Labelling kits are available with an extensive range of labels which includes enzymes, fluorescent proteins, biotin/streptavidin, tandem labels and over 30 fluorescent dyes.

BioNovus Life Sciences Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/M085

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Semiautomatic homogeniser The Schuett homogen-plus semiautomatic homogeniser is suitable for tough tissue samples that are difficult to homogenise and for gentle homogenising of biological samples. It features a robust, vibration-free, high-torque drive unit capable of 3000 rpm. Users are able to utilise their existing Eppendorf laboratory test tubes with the included quick grip clamp or a full range of consumables is available specifically designed for the homogen-plus.

The long lever allows thorough homogenisation without much effort. The unit is highly stable and vibration free due to its three-support-construction.

The high torque drive unit makes it very suitable for use at low speed and the electronic rotational speed control is variable from 40-3000 rpm.

A quick-grip chuck with hollow shaft permits fast and easy exchange of the pestles and use of pestles with longer shafts. Clamping adapters of the cooling vessel are suitable for Eppendorf test tubes and homogeniser vessels with outer diameter of 10 to 40 mm (1.5 to 40 mL). Samples can be cooled by ice, which can easily be filled into the cooling vessel after opening the screw cap.

Crea Laboratory Technologies Pty Ltd Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/M099

ZFN extended range Sigma Life Science has announced a further development of its CompoZr zinc finger nuclease (ZFN) technology with the release of its Knockout ZFNs covering the entire genomes of both mice and rats. The expansion of the Knockout ZFNs for every mouse and rat gene is in its initial phase, which complements the existing range of Knockout ZFNs for the entire human genome.

ZFN technology has been recognised as the most efficient and versatile method of genetic engineering for cell lines and whole organisms, offering precisely targeted, permanent and heritable modifications in a fraction of the time required using more traditional technologies.

ZFNs have been broadly adopted within the biotechnology and pharmaceutical sectors, and to address its high costs, the company has used new design and production processes to increase its affordability in an effort to help researchers accelerate scientific discovery. The new development and manufacturing facility is expected to ensure affordable pricing for Sigma’s complete range of CompoZr ZFN offerings and further extend the scope of this genome editing technology.

Sigma Aldrich Pty Ltd Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/L854

WHAT’S NEW IN LAB TECHNOLOGY - Dec 2011/Jan 2012

life sciences UPLC-based SFC analytical system The Waters Acquity UPSFC system is a holistically designed analytical system combining the advantages of sub-2 µm particle technology and the efficiency of supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). Built on the company’s ultra performance LC (UPLC) technology, the system claims to reduce run times by up to ten fold, reduce solvent usage by as much as 95% and cutting the cost of analyses by as much as 99%, while giving laboratories a greener alternative to normal phase chromatography for chiral and achiral separations.

The system enables users to conduct normal phase chromatographic separations using carbon dioxide as the primary mobile phase rather than expensive and toxic solvents, saving laboratories tens of thousands of dollars over the lifetime of an instrument.

Using Viridis columns the system offers ruggedness and dependability. The system is fully compatible with the company’s Empower and MassLynx informatics software and its line of UV and mass detectors.

Supercritical fluids share the physical properties of both a gas and a liquid and exhibit the positive chromatographic qualities of both. Relative to HPLC solvents, their low viscosity and high solute diffusivity result in faster analysis times, lower backpressure, shorter re-equilibration times and higher throughput without loss in efficiency.

For chiral and achiral separations this means greater signalto-noise ratios, better peak shapes and higher peak capacity, enabling scientists to rapidly confirm the purity of compounds down to the 0.01% level, determine the enantiomeric excess or, when coupled to mass spectrometry, confirm compound identity.

SFC is experiencing a resurgence in applications areas not limited to just purification but also analysis, including: fossil fuels and hydrocarbons; agrichemicals; polymers; explosives and propellants; lipids; carbohydrates; foods and flavours; natural products; industrial chemicals; metal chelates and organometallic compounds.

Waters Australia Pty Ltd Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/J531

Dec 2011/Jan 2012 - WHAT’S NEW IN LAB TECHNOLOGY

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life sciences 1 µL protein assay Olink Bioscience now offers the Proseek reagent kit system. Proseek, which is based on Proximity Extension Assay (PEA) technology, is used for the quantification of a single protein in suspension samples such as plasma or serum.

The Proseek system has major advantages over standard ELISAs. Only 1 µl of sample is required for each reaction and the target protein is detected using one single antigen affinity purified polyclonal antibody batch or two matched monoclonal antibodies. The assay allows for rapid and easy testing of antibody suitability. With very little optimisation required, new assays can be developed for any target within a day. The power of real-time PCR enhances assay sensitivity, enabling users to study precious samples, limited biobanked materials and plasma from laboratory animals.

Sapphire Bioscience Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/M078

Free solution for viewing compound structures Optibrium, a provider of software solutions for drug discovery, has launched a new version of StarVue, its free desktop application that enables scientists to quickly and conveniently view sets of compound structures and related data. The latest version of StarVue can be downloaded free from Optibrium’s online community at www.optibrium.com/starvue/.

StarVue 1.1 is compatible with the recently released StarDrop 5, a software platform that intuitively guides the design and selection of high-quality compounds in drug discovery. This compatibility improves the ease with which compound data generated with StarDrop and other sources can be shared, without the need for spreadsheet plug-ins.

The latest version of the StarVue desktop application, specifically designed for scientists searching for a simple way to explore molecule structures and associated data, has been developed in response to feedback received following its initial launch in February 2010. Improvements have been introduced to the way data can be browsed while retaining the visual interface and capacity for organising, sorting and merging data sets that StarVue previously offered. Data can be easily loaded into StarVue from SD, MOL, SMILES or CSV files, as well as StarDrop’s native format.

The close integration of StarVue and StarDrop makes the results of StarDrop’s predictions and multi-parameter analysis available to a wider audience, improving the flow of information and a project team’s ability to make effective decisions to quickly target novel molecules with the required balance of properties to become drug development candidates.

Free StarVue support is available via Optibrium’s online community, accessible at: www.optibrium.com/community. This website provides direct access to the Optibrium support team and other StarVue and StarDrop users, encouraging a rich environment for user interaction and idea sharing. The Optibrium community forum gives users the opportunity to discuss best-practice methods and approaches in the drug optimisation field.

To download the latest version of StarVue or to obtain further information on the application visit www.optibrium.com/starvue.

Optibrium www.optibrium.com

Psychrometric tool for climate calculations Munters’ free psychrometric calculation tool can be used to calculate the total, sensible, latent and moisture loads of any process. It has been designed for the iPhone and iPod Touch and can also run unmodified on an iPad for fast and accurate humidity calculations while on the go.

Munters’ PsychroApp lets users easily calculate the thermodynamic properties of moist air more accurately than using psychrometric charts. The app provides quick and easy access to calculations such as dewpoint and g/kg.

Users of the free tool simply enter the temperature and relative humidity; the app will then output the corresponding dewpoint or grams per kg. Specifications include English imperial and SI units, mixing and process screens, drybulb range -62 to 200°C and dewpoint range -62 to 93°C. Munters Australia Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/M108

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Online ordering of laboratory equipment

Sites such as www.aktivlab.com.au now offer a huge range of laboratory equipment and laboratory supplies online, along with a forum for posting questions to an expert in various lab fields.

Online ordering is suitable for most laboratories regardless of the sector: medical, research, educational or industrial - and regardless of the nature of the laboratory - analytical, production, materials testing, quality control.

Aktivlab offers features such as ‘user login’, where client-specific discounts are automatically applied to online orders, and ‘set up users’ where a user at an admin or senior management level can manage various shopping carts used by others in their laboratory or organisation.

Previous orders can be reviewed, reprinted or repeated, and registered clients often receive a storewide discount just for ordering online.

Aktivlab Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/M080

High-purity raw materials Alfa Aesar supplies high-purity raw materials for a variety of research and development applications, offering more than 30,000 products from stock, in sizes from gram-scale catalogue items to semi-bulk and bulk production quantities. The company also has custom manufacturing capabilities to supply many more specialised items.

The company’s product line consists of a comprehensive range of inorganic, organic and organometallic compounds; pure metals and elements; precious metal compounds and catalysts; fuel cell products; nanomaterials; rare earths; analytical products; and select laboratory equipment.

Alfa Aesar is backed by the global manufacturing network of Johnson Matthey.

VWR International Pty Ltd Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/L075

WHAT’S NEW IN LAB TECHNOLOGY - Dec 2011/Jan 2012

life sciences Protein yield The superSf9 cells from Oxford Expression Technologies offer improved recombinant protein yield using the baculovirus protein expression system. The superSf9 cells are transgenic insect Sf9 cells that have been engineered to stably express an additional protein. The presence of this protein leads to prolonged longevity after infection with baculovirus and up to a 15-fold increase in recombinant protein production in baculovirus infected superSf9 cells compared with standard Sf9 cells.

Three types of cells are available: superSF9-1 for improved expression of stable proteins - this offers a longer expression time that enhances the yield of stable proteins.

These cells are suitable for intracellular, membrane and secreted proteins, provided that these proteins are not subject to degradation; superSF9-2 for improved expression of toxic proteins. This features an intense peak of recombinant protein production which makes them suitable for increasing the yield of toxic or unstable proteins; superSF9-3 for improved expression of average proteins. This has a phenotype intermediate between the SF9-1 and SF9-2 cells and is suitable for proteins of mixed or unknown character.

BioNovus Life Sciences Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/L750

Mycotoxin detection

Superior Laboratory Instruments The Right Solution Crea Laboratory Technologies provide a range of laboratory testing instrumentation to meet your analytical requirements.

Our products are backed by an experienced team, fast after sales support and the right advice to take your lab further.

Vicam has launched Vertu, a digital lateral flow reader for fast, easy mycotoxin quantitation.

The Vertu reader provides more accessible mycotoxin testing to food and agriculture producers who rely on early detection to protect humans and animals from potentially lethal effects of contamination. The economic impact of mycotoxins is vast. Crop losses, management, product recalls and regulatory oversight result in total costs in the billions of dollars annually to the global food supply chain.

Regulatory levels set by the US Food and Drug Administration, European Union and other international regulatory bodies require that mycotoxin testing be performed at nearly every point of a product’s handling and processing.

The Vertu system for mycotoxin testing gives users testing at the point of sampling fast, accurate numerical results and uses fewer solvents in less time.

Vicam offers detection systems for single and multiple mycotoxin quantification both on site and in-laboratory screening. The USDA, FDA, EU and other international regulatory standards impose specific guidelines for acceptable levels for various mycotoxins, such as aflatoxins, deoxynivalenol (DON), ochratoxin A, fumonisin, zearalenone and T2/HT2. Producers and exporters use on-site testing to ensure regulatory compliance and to protect human and animal health.

No special training or expertise is required to operate the lateral flow reader. Operators obtain results in part-per-billion (ppb) or part-per-million (ppm) in minutes, providing critical data for the management and control of mycotoxins.

Waters Australia Pty Ltd Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/K997

Data analysis software BioTek continues to provide enhanced microplate reader control, data processing and export flexibility with the launch of Gen5 Version 2.0 Data Analysis Software. A new interface combines ease of use and memorable visuals with power and flexibility for increased productivity.

Beginner and advanced users can quickly read microplates and export data to Microsoft Excel spreadsheets. Users can select from preprogrammed protocols or create custom protocols. Additionally, online sample files with real data are available for use as self-learning tools and users can upload their protocols to share with others.

Control features include run time well selection for variable microplate area analysis which streamlines the day-to-day use of the software and enhanced high-definition area scans up to 9800 data points per well to better support popular cell-based assays.

New data analysis functions simplify routine data analysis and a formula editor facilitates the Gen5 Version 2.0 data analysis syntax. All reporting and exporting tools are grouped in one logical area, while new automatic content allows simple reporting and exporting.

Finally, in addition to controlling BioTek’s existing microplate readers, Gen5 Version 2.0 supports the Eon Microplate Spectrophotometer and Take3 Trio Micro-Volume Plate.

PRO DUCT S SE RV ICE SUPPORT

p. +61 2 4320 6670 e. sales@crealt.com.au w. www.crealt.com.au

Millennium Science Pty Ltd Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/L002

Dec 2011/Jan 2012 - WHAT’S NEW IN LAB TECHNOLOGY

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What’s New in LAB Technology crossword

ACROSS 1 This silvery-white metallic element has given its name to any airtight metallic food container 5 Of necessity 8 Tending to cake 11 Deliver an oration 12 This gate has only one input 13 This dense grey radioactive metal is used as a fuel in nuclear reactors 15 Tooth-like 18 Subdebutante 19 Colour with the longest wavelength 20 Understatement 23 This artificial element has an atomic number of 95 and is named after the country in which it was first made 25 Alternative name for Pi Meson 26 Demented 27 Readily fluent 28 Required 30 Solid fossil fuel 32 Wrath 33 Strike lightly 34 Requirement 36 Hidden from view 38 Sturdy wool fibre 39 Innate 40 Beige 42 Garden mint 50

44 Invertebrate 47 Liquid fossil fuel 48 Which metallic element derives its name from the fact that there are two characteristic indigo lines in its spectrum?

50 Situated in the north 54 Which member of the halogen group of elements is a dark red fuming liquid at room temperature?

57 It is 58 Farewell 59 Water vapour 60 Which heavy radioactive noble gas is generated by the radioactive decay of radium?

61 Adult male DOWN 1 Forceps 2 Remarkable 3 Time taken for a planet to rotate once about its own axis 4 Which soft, ductile, bluish-grey metal has been used in plumbing and storage batteries, and as an anti-knock agent in petrol?

5 Which of the noble gases is most commonly used in advertising signs?

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6 Reflected sound 7 Breeding stallion 8 Current times time 9 Colourful form of the common carp 10 Sweet potato 14 Hives 15 Offensive 16 Manure 17 Old 5-volt digital logic system 21 Containing iridium 22 A prism produces this from white light 23 Which member of the noble gas group makes up nearly 1% of the earth’s atmosphere?

24 This metal has characteristic red spectral lines and takes its name from the Latin word for red 29 Only allows current to flow one way 31 Visible electromagnetic radiation 33 Saliva enzyme 35 Bounded by three lines 37 Arbitrate 41 One who cries 43 This metallic element derives its name from the Latin word for rainbow due to its colourful compounds 45 The pungent smell of the tetroxide of this element resulted in it being named after the Greek word for smell 46 Equipment 49 One of the families of subnuclear particles 51 Sudden assault 52 Wind instrument 53 Type of image that can be projected onto a screen 54 Passenger vehicle 55 Be in debt 56 By way of

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