Safety Solutions May 2024

ENGAGING THE WORKFORCE WITH SAFETY WEARABLES

Workplace Health & Safety Show

floorplan and exhibitor list inside

PREVENTING ACCIDENTS WITH THERMAL SAFETY PROTOCOLS

TOP TIPS: SELECTING COMPLIANT HIGH-VIS WORKWEAR

WHAT TO CONSIDER WHEN ADOPTING AI SAFETY SYSTEMS

Unbelievably, we have already reached the month of May — which means another issue of Safety Solutions landing with readers, along with the Workplace Health and Safety Show taking place on 22–23 May in Melbourne. In the second issue of the magazine for 2024, we focus on safety software and technology, PPE and materials handling. When workers can see and understand the ways in which technology enhances their wellbeing and mitigates risks, they tend to be more accepting and willing to use new devices. In this issue, Toni-Louise Gianatti takes a look at ergonomic safety wearables and how companies can engage their workers in adopting this technology for enhanced safety.

Heat transfer fluid can last for many years, but as it reaches the end of its lifespan it will degrade — reducing thermal fluid efficiency and introducing by-products to the system. Tim Powell explores some of the measures and safety protocols that companies can adopt to prevent accidents when working with thermal fluids.

Finally, Total Image Group offers some top tips for employers and safety professionals when it comes to selecting high-vis workwear that complies with the Australian Standard AS/NZS 4602.1:2011.

As always, I hope you enjoy the magazine. Turn to pages 38–39 to view a floorplan of the Workplace Health and Safety Show — along with a comprehensive list of all the exhibitors — to help you find your way around on the day. Until next time!

Amy Steed Editor,

LEVEL CROSSING SAFETY NOTICE ISSUED FOR TRUCK DRIVERS

The Australian Trucking Association (ATA) and National Heavy Vehicle Regulator (NHVR) have issued a Safety Notice to enhance road safety and help truck drivers stay vigilant at level crossings. The National Level Crossing Safety Notice reminds heavy vehicle drivers of the safety measures they must adhere to around rail lines.

ATA CEO Mathew Munro said the safety notice is part of a shared commitment to reduce fatalities and injuries at the more than 20,000 level crossings intersecting with roads and pathways across Australia. According to Munro, there were 39 lives lost and 49 serious injuries at Australia’s rail crossings between 1 July 2014 and 31 December 2022.

“These aren’t just numbers; these are people who didn’t make it home safely to their loved ones. There have also been thousands of near misses at rail crossings. We’re putting out a unified reminder for truck drivers to prioritise not only their own safety, but the safety of their fellow road users and rail workers. There’s no room to take risks when it comes to trains,” Munro said.

NHVR CEO Sal Petroccitto OAM said level crossings present challenges for heavy vehicles and urged drivers to be aware of their surroundings and avoid any distractions when approaching rail lines. Petroccitto said it is imperative for truck drivers not to become complacent, as a momentary lapse in concentration or judgment can be fatal.

COMPANY FINED $140K AFTER TRUCK DRIVER CRUSHED BY STEEL BEAMS

Warehouse, storage and transport company Arrow Worldwide Pty Ltd has been convicted and fined $140,000 after a truck driver was struck on the head and had both legs crushed by a 1.5-tonne pack of steel beams. The company pleaded guilty to a single charge of failing to ensure that persons other than employees were not exposed to health and safety risks. The company was also ordered to pay costs of $6936.

The incident occurred at the company’s West Melbourne warehouse in May 2021, when a pack of 12-metre-long steel beams fell from a flat top semitrailer after being loaded by a forklift, striking the truck’s driver who was standing in the fall shadow. The beams hit the driver’s head, causing a traumatic brain injury, and crushed both of his legs, which were later amputated.

An investigation by WorkSafe Victoria found that it was reasonably practicable for the company to provide and maintain a system of work that separated pedestrians from moving machinery, required transport drivers to remain in a marked safety zone and required them to be inducted into the workplace before work began. Instructions regarding the system of work should also have been provided to transport drivers.

SAFETY WARNING ISSUED FOR QUAD BIKES AND SIDEBY-SIDE VEHICLES

SafeWork NSW has urged farmers to wear seatbelts, use helmets and choose the right vehicle when using side-by-side vehicles, quad bikes and motorcycles, following a spate of recent incidents where people, including children, were seriously injured or killed while using farm vehicles.

The most recent incident occurred on 14 February at Coonamble, when a 37-year-old man and a four-year-old suffered serious injuries after they were ejected from a quad bike. Initial investigations by SafeWork NSW found that neither was wearing a helmet. SafeWork is also investigating three fatalities that have occurred since 1 January, including an incident on 8 January in Goohli, in which a side-by-side vehicle driven by an adult with two child passengers rolled into a dam, trapping and causing the death of one of the child occupants. Initial enquiries indicate that none of the occupants may have been wearing their seatbelts.

In a separate incident on 25 January in Narromine, a 51-year-old man died after being ejected from a moving side-by-side vehicle while undertaking farm-related work. Initial enquiries suggest that the seatbelt was not being worn. On 1 February, a 32-year-old female contractor was thrown from a motorbike and suffered fatal injuries on a property 120 km east of Tibooburra while not wearing a helmet.

SafeWork has advised farmers that use quad bikes to adhere to the manufacturer’s instructions, particularly relating to load limits and keeping loads balanced. Heavy or unstable loads like chemical tanks for spraying can affect braking, alter the centre of gravity and make the vehicle difficult to control and more prone to rollover.

iStock.com/Michele Jackson

COMPANY ENTERS $480K ENFORCEABLE UNDERTAKING AFTER FORKLIFT INJURY

Building material supplier Bell Plaster Supplies Pty Ltd has entered into an enforceable undertaking worth more than $480,000 to improve health and safety outcomes after an incident at a Pascoe Vale warehouse. The company was charged with failing to reduce the risk of powered mobile plant colliding with pedestrians; WorkSafe Victoria may reinstate the charge if the enforceable undertaking is contravened or withdrawn.

The incident occurred in April 2022, when a worker was struck by a reversing forklift, resulting in an open wound fracture on his right foot that required multiple surgeries. WorkSafe alleged that it was reasonably practicable for the company to ensure a fully implemented traffic management plan was in place; that there were designated forklift and pedestrian zones and a temporary exclusion zone around operating forklifts; that spotters were used as necessary; and that all forklifts were subject to daily inspections and ongoing maintenance.

The estimated $480,509 undertaking requires the company to employ an occupational health and safety manager on an ongoing full-time basis and to engage a third party for a period of 36 months to provide OHS audits, review and develop policies and procedures, and provide HR support. Under the enforceable undertaking, the company must also donate $10,000 to the Australian Institute of Health and Safety and enter into a sponsorship agreement with the Bachar Houli Foundation to organise pre-workforce seminars that prepare youth on safe work practices.

SWA UPDATES PRELIMINARY WORKPLACE FATALITIES DATA FOR 2024

Safe Work Australia has updated its preliminary fatalities dashboard to provide new insights into fatal injuries, and has released the first preliminary fatalities data for 2024. The figures show the latest estimate of workers fatally injured in Australian workplaces.

The dashboard provides data on the number of deaths that have occurred by industry; it also provides a breakdown of data by mechanism, along with five-year coverage to support comparisons over time. The preliminary findings reveal that there were 173 worker deaths in 2023; 75 of these fatalities were due to the mechanism ‘vehicle accident’, while 64% (111) of these fatalities occurred in three of 19 industries, including transport, postal and warehousing; construction; and agriculture, forestry and fishing.

The preliminary fatalities dashboard will be updated fortnightly with data for 2024. The preliminary data will also be updated as more information about fatalities in Australia is known. The total number of work-related fatalities may be higher once the data has been finalised for a given year.

MANUFACTURERS SEEK SAFER ALTERNATIVES TO ENGINEERED STONE

Sydney-based stone supplier Gitani Stone is advocating for safer alternatives to engineered stone, after the Commonwealth, state and territory governments prohibited the use, supply and manufacture of engineered stone due to its link to silicosis.

Jason Gittany, Managing Director of Gitani Stone, said the best alternative to engineered stone is the exact material it attempted to mimic — natural stone — and that there are plenty of natural stone options that are just as cost-effective as engineered stone.

“Without a doubt, natural stone is definitely the best option for anyone looking to prioritise quality and longevity as a product. I always strongly recommend natural stone as it is superior in every aspect of durability, quality and aesthetic appeal, and there’s tons of options that are just as affordable as engineered stone was. In the 50 years that Gitani Stone has been in business, we’ve learned that there is a form of beautiful natural stone to fit any project and any budget,” Gittany said.

According to Gittany, the market is also trending towards porcelain, which offers a “natural” look, is heat and scratch resistant and has zero silica. Both porcelain and natural stone also undergo “rigorous testing” to ensure that they meet the company’s standards for safety and performance.

“As well as natural stone, we are seeing a market trend towards porcelain, which can offer a great natural look, it’s heat and scratch resistant, and of course it has zero silica. We are currently in the process of developing a full-body porcelain option that’s just as durable as some of our natural stone products. We are very thankful that the right decision was made to ban engineered stone. I’m excited to finally say goodbye to crystalline silica and innovate with newer, safer products of higher quality,” Gittany said.

iStock.com/Mogala

CAMPAIGN LOOKS INTO SECURITY ON WA CONSTRUCTION SITES

WorkSafe WA has launched a proactive inspection program targeting security issues across the state’s construction sites. The inspection program will look at a number of randomly selected sites across metropolitan and regional areas of the state throughout the 2024/25 financial year. Inspectors will examine the security measures in place to determine whether sites are suitably secured against unauthorised access, and will also conduct general site inspections.

There have been incidents in which construction sites have been accessed by unauthorised persons, exposing them to serious hazards. WA’s work health and safety laws require the person in control of a construction site to ensure, as far as is reasonably practicable, that the workplace is secured from unauthorised access. If access cannot be prevented, the hazards within the workplace must be isolated.

As part of the site inspections, the inspectors will check for compliance with work health and safety laws, with a focus on the hazards associated with excavations, temporary electrical installations, partially constructed structures and stored construction materials. The inspections will be conducted with a checklist, to ensure consistency across all workplaces.

Acting WorkSafe Commissioner Sally North said the inspection program aims to help employers in the construction industry fulfil their responsibilities for the health and safety of workers and others at their sites. North encouraged employers to download the Construction Site Security information sheet and checklist from the WorkSafe website in preparation for a possible inspection.

“If our inspectors find non-compliance with work health and safety legislation, they will take appropriate action that could include the issuing of verbal directions or notices requiring the situation to be remedied. A wide range of safety issues may be present in the construction industry, and site security plays an important role in protecting the public from the hazards of a construction site. It’s our aim to make employers fully aware of the risks and supply them with information on the measures that can be put into place to lessen those risks,” North said.

PARTNERSHIP TO ENHANCE MENTAL HEALTH SUPPORT IN CONSTRUCTION

MATES in Construction, a charity dedicated to reducing suicide in the Australian construction industry, has partnered with EMLO Group (EML), a specialist in personal injury claims management in Australia. The two-year collaboration aims to bolster mental health support in the construction sector. With EML’s funding, MATES will add two field officers in New South Wales, thereby expanding its capacity to offer on-site support and training. This initiative could positively influence the lives of approximately 2300 construction workers annually.

Brad Parker, CEO of MATES in Construction NSW, said this partnership could allow the charity to extend its reach and provide more targeted, effective mental health interventions to construction workers. “Together, we’re not just building structures; we’re building a more resilient, mentally healthy workforce,” Parker said.

The partnership aligns with the objectives of the Australian Building and Construction Industry’s Blueprint for Better Mental Health and Suicide Prevention. The new field officers will provide customised training and on-site sessions, with an emphasis on mental health and suicide prevention strategies. Daniel Walton, EML Group Executive, said the partnership will help MATES extend services and support even further, providing construction workers with additional access to critical suicide prevention services.

EML will also provide a custom-developed mental health strategy using the MATES Blueprint model. This strategy will involve a comprehensive on-site delivery model, engaging all levels of the business ecosystem, from head offices to construction sites and contractors. EML’s role in introducing its clients to MATES will help each organisation develop their own mental health plan based on the Construction Industry Blueprint assessment tool. MATES will also share its expertise with EML’s claims teams and support office staff, to enhance their understanding of the risks of suicide within the construction sector.

The success of safety wearables lies not just in their objective data, but in how they engage workers in the safety conversation. The rollout of safety wearables across an organisation should begin with focusing on high-risk areas and involving workers in the testing and feedback process, writes TONI-LOUISE GIANATTI, Head of Communications at Soter Analytics.

Implementing ergonomic devices

Ergonomic wearable devices, such as ones deployed in companies like Endeavour Energy, BSS Industrial and St John of God Subiaco Hospital, offer real-time feedback on posture and movement. They enable workers to understand and adjust their behaviours in real time, fostering a more intuitive grasp of ergonomic principles and serve as both a preventive measure and a tool for fostering a culture of safety, leading to significant reductions in injury risk.

Data plays a crucial role here — by demonstrating the positive impact on safety and injury reduction, as seen in companies like Advics and Wincanton in the UK, organisations can build a compelling case for wider adoption. On the other side of the world, in a busy warehouse in the UK, a receiver with a history of back issues confronted his pain with the aid of wearable technology. The device he wore provided instant feedback on his posture and movements, revealing the detrimental patterns contributing to his discomfort. This awareness was pivotal, prompting him to utilise the newly introduced staging tables more consistently. The feedback mechanism of the wearable device, tailored to his needs, served as a constant, personalised coach, guiding safer practices and highlighting the importance of sustained behavioural changes.

Engaging workers through training, sharing success stories and transparently discussing the benefits and functionalities of the technology are key to fostering a positive and receptive safety culture.

A UFA case study

Despite her dedication, Sarah found herself battling fatigue and discomfort. Struggling with the physical demands of retrieving items from high shelves, exacerbated by the constant alerts from an ergonomic wearable device on her upper arm, she approached management.

Sarah is a dedicated associate of United Farmers of Alberta (UFA) — one of Canada’s largest farm and ranch supply operations. As a tenured employee, she navigates the aisles with skill and precision. Despite her expertise, the risk of musculoskeletal injuries lurks in every heavy lift and awkward reach. However, this reality shifted with the introduction of wearable safety technology — turning a moment of potential injury into prevention and empowerment.

Recognising the issue, management took a proactive approach, engaging directly with Sarah to understand her challenges and feedback. During this dialogue, she expressed her frustrations with the device’s constant

beeping, a stark reminder of the ergonomic risks her daily tasks entailed. Acknowledging her fatigue and the device’s feedback along with her unique data profile generated by the device, management sought a solution that would address both the immediate ergonomic risks and the worker’s concerns.

The collaborative effort between management and Sarah led to the introduction of a smaller platform, a simple yet effective ergonomic adjustment. This platform was designed to elevate her to a more suitable height for her tasks, thereby reducing the need for overreaching and aligning her posture more naturally. This adjustment was a direct response to both the objective data gathered by the wearable device and the worker’s subjective experience of her workday.

At UFA, wearable technology encouraged subjective input from workers, valuing their firsthand experience and suggestions for making tasks safer. This collaborative approach leverages the unique perspectives of workers, merging subjective insights with objective data

to craft more effective, personalised safety interventions. This collaboration cultivates a culture of mutual respect, ultimately leading to healthier, safer and more productive work environments.

Achieving success with wearables

Ultimately, the pathway to success is clear and simple. Reflect on a straightforward question: What would convince you to willingly embrace an ergonomic safety device in your workplace? The answer lies in the visible and tangible benefits that these devices offer to individual health and safety. When workers can see and understand how such technology directly enhances their wellbeing and mitigates risks, they naturally accept and are eager to adopt these devices. It is this personal connection to the benefits — this recognition of how safety innovations can make their workday safer and more comfortable — that inspires workers to wholeheartedly embrace ergonomic safety devices.

REFLECT ON A STRAIGHTFORWARD QUESTION: WHAT WOULD CONVINCE YOU TO WILLINGLY EMBRACE AN ERGONOMIC SAFETY DEVICE IN YOUR WORKPLACE?

PREVENTING ACCIDENTS WITH THERMAL FLUID SAFETY PROTOCOLS

How can health and safety protocols contribute to a safer and more effective work environment when working with thermal fluids, and what specific measures should be taken to prevent accidents? TIM POWELL, a thermal oil specialist at Global Heat Transfer, takes a look.

Manufacturers often use heat transfer systems to reach and maintain the high temperatures required for a variety of indirect heat transfer processes. Facilities traditionally invested in steam-based systems because water is affordable, seemingly sustainable and easy to source. However, to reach the temperatures required in industrial processing, the system must operate at very high pressures — and without a way to effectively vent the steam, the pipes could burst.

Alternatively, thermal fluids can be designed for specific applications so that they safely maintain temperatures at a lower rate of pressure for both heating and cooling applications — ranging from -90 to +600°C. While these fluids are safer than steam, and are designed to provide years of effective use, facilities that use heat transfer fluids must still take proactive measures to extend fluid lifespan and ensure safety.

Managing risk

Heat transfer fluid will provide a great service for many years, but as it reaches the end of its lifespan it will degrade, reducing thermal fluid efficiency and introducing by-products to the system. Relevant regulations stipulate how health and safety managers can reduce the likelihood of risks associated with degradation, but this is often easier said than done. This is because once thermal fluid enters the heat transfer system, it is no longer visible. Therefore any issues may go unnoticed until they have an impact upon production.

To effectively manage risk, health and safety managers should work closely with thermal fluid specialists in order to track fluid condition. Engineers should take a closed thermal fluid sample when the system is hot, live and circulating to provide an accurate representation of the fluid inside. Quarterly sampling and thermal fluid analysis enables engineers to outline its condition. Health

and safety managers, alongside production and engineering managers, can use these results to track condition over time and adapt procedures accordingly to reduce the risk of incidents caused by using degraded fluid.

Facilities can also invest in remote condition monitoring to further improve proactive maintenance, giving them real-time data that enables engineers to extend the safe and efficient use of thermal fluid for longer periods.

Maintaining the facility

While the engineers will monitor fluid and system condition to maintain uptime, health and safety managers can also introduce protocols around the site to keep workers safe.

Encouraging good housekeeping not only aids productivity, but it can also enhance safety. For example, taking steps to clear pathways and remove electric cables are quick ways to remove trip hazards onsite. Health and safety managers should also place spill kits and personal protective equipment (PPE) in close proximity to the system and ensure workers know where the equipment is so they can act quickly in case of an emergency. In addition, health and safety managers can commission thermal fluid experts to conduct site surveys and risk assessments to check the facility and recommend any areas for improvement.

When working with potentially dangerous and flammable substances, such as thermal fluid, health and safety managers should

ensure that teams pay close attention to any oil outside of the system, often caused by leaks or waste oil spills. Any spillages should be cleaned up immediately — leaving these unattended can increase the risk of slips, trips and fires.

Further, introducing signage with information on safety procedures is key to regulatory compliance. Labelling flammable materials, high voltage areas and other hazards is vital, while other signage assists with outlining the best and safest procedures.

Training matters

Educating staff, both existing and new, on the importance of safety measures, as well as best practices for aspects like thermal fluid monitoring, is integral to heat transfer maintenance.

Training the team on proactive maintenance ensures there is always someone onsite who can effectively react to any issues immediately, keeping everyone in the facility safe.

Proactive measures, such as liaising with thermal fluid specialists about regular fluid sampling, effective facility maintenance and comprehensive staff training, are essential for extending the lifespan of thermal fluid. By implementing these strategies, health and safety managers can mitigate potential hazards, ensure a safe working environment when working with thermal oils and help maintain compliance with local regulations.

Image: Supplied.

Image: Supplied.

Actuator

Auma actuators are provided for distribution valves for mine backfill paste. The valves are designed to work with very high fluid pressure well down into gold mines, sometimes as deep as 1300 m.

The actuators are supplied in two distinct types: one with an alternating current supply and the other having a DC supply. The actuators feature a ruggedised build and are available in large sizes. The device also features a high operating torque to facilitate rapid closing times.

For DC operation, the system integrator will supply a control panel having control PLC and battery backup. The control panel determines how the actuator should work and whether the paste is going to one location or another.

In the case of AC operation, the actuator is supplied with its own motor control centre and local control functions. It still requires logical controls from a PLC or host computer. It is common practice to remotely mount the Auma Controller nearby but still accessible and away from operating machinery or trucks passing by. To do this Auma supplies a 16 m remote mount cable set.

Barron GJM www.barron.com.au

Segmented tape shirts

The Bool PT segmented tape garments are designed to be durable, due to their composition of Parvotex yarn, which leverages Modacrylic, polyarylate and polyamide to provide dimensional stability, cut, shear and tear resistance as well as self-extinguishing properties. The Bool garments are designed to be lightweight and durable, making them suitable for a range of Australian industries that face harsh conditions. Combining the yarn with segmented tape adds additional flexibility and breathability to the lightweight garment. This allows for resistance-free movement in tight spaces or when performing intricate tasks in the mining, oil & gas and construction sectors. The range still features anti-static properties as per EN1149-3 and is certified to AS/NZS 1906.4:2010, AS.NZS 4602.1:2011 and NFPA 2112:2023.

Bool is ensured by the BSI Group, with independent and regular third-party audits.

Private Brands Pty Ltd www.privatebrands.com.au

Mini group lockbox

Cirlock has launched the Mini Group Lockbox GLB-9, suitable for situations where multiple workers are involved in maintenance work. The mini group lockbox is designed for when there are up to four people working on a job, without the need for using a larger box. The key for the padlock that isolates the equipment is placed inside the group lock box and all workers place their personal locks on the group lock box, thereby preventing access to the isolation key until all workers have finished.

The mini group lock box holds one key and up to four padlocks. It can be portable or wall mountable and comes with a clear lid and red body. It is suitable for small team situations, is easy to transport and store, and is also made in Australia.

Cirlock also offers group lockboxes with up to 84 padlocks holes to cater for all job requirements.

Cirlock www.cirlock.com.au

WHAT TO CONSIDER WHEN ADOPTING AI SAFETY SYSTEMS

Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into safety software is not a magic bullet — rather, it requires a foundation built on meticulous data management. Before diving into AI, writes PETER OGDEN, General Manager – Marketing at SafetyIQ, organisations should consider these critical steps to ensure their leap doesn’t end in a fall.

The allure of AI is powerful: smarter safety protocols, predictive hazard identification and streamlined operations. Yet, the reality is stark — AI without a solid data foundation is like a high-performance engine running on empty. It promises much but delivers very little without the right fuel.

Establish the must-haves

Firstly, clean, standardised data is non-negotiable. AI thrives on data. Not just any data, but clean, consistent and standardised information. Without this, AI’s potential is stifled, rendering its insights questionable at best.

Audit, then act

Start with a thorough audit of data-capturing processes. Identify gaps and inconsistencies. This isn’t just housekeeping; it’s laying the groundwork for AI success.

Schedule, standardise, simplify

Following the audit process, take action by undertaking the following steps:

1. Schedule data captures ie, monthly audits, weekly equipment inspections, etc.

2. Standardise formats and definitions.

3. Simplify collection methods.

This isn’t busywork; it’s about making the data AI-ready.

Adopt cloud-based storage

Embrace cloud storage for its scalability, accessibility and collaboration features. It’s not just about storage; it’s about preparing the data for the AI journey ahead.

Start small: the smart path forward

If the data is not yet AI-ready, then start small. Tackle manageable projects to refine data processes. These steps aren’t just preparation; they’re investments in an AI future.

Jumping into AI without the right preparation is a leap into the unknown. The key to unlocking AI’s potential in safety software lies in the quality of the data. Audit, standardise and simplify the data-capturing processes. Embrace cloud storage. Start small, learn and scale.

Remember, the path to AI integration is a marathon, not a sprint. Prepare well and the benefits will be worth the effort.

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LOOKING BEYOND CLAUSE 58: MODERN TECHNOLOGY’S ROLE

IN

MITIGATING WORKPLACE HEARING LOSS

Julie Toseski, Occupational Hygienist and Application Engineer Specialist, 3M Personal Safety Division

An estimated 1.1 million Australians are exposed to hazardous noise in their workplace, with occupational noise-induced hearing loss (ONIHL) being one of the most common, and preventable, occupational diseases. Despite legislative efforts, ONIHL remains a pressing concern, with no substantial decline in annual claims for workplace deafness over the past two decades.

In fact, across critical sectors, including construction, transport, and mining, temporary and permanent hearing loss is occurring without many workers’, or relevant Person Conducting a Business or Undertaking (PCBU)’s, awareness of the severity of this issue. The impact of this goes beyond the physical, with research even claiming people with severe hearing loss may be five times more likely to develop dementia.

Reflecting this from 1 January 2024, the NSW Government (through SafeWork NSW) commenced Clause 58 “Audiometric Testing” of the NSW Work Health and Safety (WHS) Regulation 2017.

Breaking down Clause 58 “Audiometric testing” of the NSW WHS Regulation 2017

From January 1, 2024, NSW PCBUs are now mandated to, “... provide audiometric testing to any of their workers who are frequently required by them to use… hearing protection… to protect the worker from the risk of hearing loss associated with noise that exceeds the exposure standard for noise.”

SafeWork defines audiometric tests as, “ hearing tests… a painless, non-invasive test that measures a person’s ability to hear sound.” The tests measure a worker’s hearing threshold, establishing a baseline and monitoring changes over time, and determine shifts that could indicate temporary or permanent hearing loss. New workers need to be tested within three months of commencing work, and existing workers within two years of January 1, 2024. Workers will then be required to be re-tested every two years.

These assessments not only serve as a means of monitoring workers' hearing health, but also underline organisations’ commitment to prioritising employee well-being and fostering safety culture.

Protecting workers: the 3M™ E-A-Rfi t™ Dual-Ear Validation Fit-Test System

Research indicates that irrespective of the chosen hearing protector, users must understand that even the most accurate hearing protection device (HPD) ratings merely offer a statistical approximation of the protection an individual might receive. Challenges like improper fitting techniques, temporary removal during work, and interference with other Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) can contribute to the subpar performance of these devices. Additionally, the misconception that higher attenuation properties equate to better protection can lead to overprotection, potentially compromising the audibility of essential communication and emergency sounds, thereby endangering workers' safety.

Unlike the laboratory-derived attenuation ratings (SLC80), Personal Attenuation Ratings (PARs) achieved through individual fit testing, provide insights into the specific attenuation a hearing protector offers an individual in real-world conditions. Fit testing also educates workers on comfort and fit, while emphasising the significance of actual protection achieved in the workplace and identifying training needs. By addressing issues related to hearing protection, it also supports improved safety compliance for employers.

Recognising advancements in fit testing technology, some Australian industries now mandate fit testing of hearing protectors to ensure optimal real-world attenuation and emphasise the importance of a proper fit in occupational hearing conservation programs.

The 3M E-A-Rfi t Dual-Ear Validation Fit-Test System is one example of this advancement in fit testing technology. It uses science-based, objective, quantitative testing to measure workers’ unique PARs, empowering them to better fit their hearing protection PPE and safeguard their hearing health through active engagement. It tests both ears simultaneously in less than five seconds, works for earmuffs and plugs, tests at seven standard frequencies (125Hz to 8000Hz), and allows PCBUs to proactively keep a record of the hearing protection their workers are receiving.

TOP TIPS FOR SELECTING COMPLIANT HIGHVIS WORKWEAR

High-visibility workwear serves as the first line of defence for workers in high-risk settings such as construction sites, mines and warehouses. According to custom uniform and workwear specialists Total Image Group (TIG), when applied effectively, workwear becomes a crucial component of workplace safety. Its proper implementation not only averts minor mishaps, but also plays a pivotal role in preventing catastrophic incidents.

TIG has assembled a thorough checklist for employers, employees and safety professionals to assist them in crafting and procuring high-visibility workwear that aligns with the Australian Standard AS/NZS 4602.1:2011.

What are the key considerations?

1. Industry and context

Understanding the specific industry and context is the foundation for designing a safety-oriented uniform range. Varying safety requirements exist across industries, and uniforms should be tailored accordingly. For instance, construction sites necessitate high-visibility clothing to ensure workers are seen more easily, while healthcare settings require materials that withstand frequent, high-temperature washing.

2. Material selection

The choice of materials directly impacts safety. Consider flame-resistant fabrics for those dealing with open flames, while moisture-wicking materials are crucial for high-temperature environments. Materials should prioritise comfort, allowing for ease of movement, breathability and temperature regulation without compromising safety.

3. Visibility and reflectivity

In low-visibility environments, such as construction zones, incorporating reflective elements is essential. Strategic placement of reflective tapes or patches enhances visibility in low-light conditions, mitigating the risk of accidents.

4. Ergonomics and mobility

Safety extends beyond protective gear to include uniform design that facilitates movement and dexterity. Design uniforms that allow unrestricted movement, incorporating stretch fabrics or adjustable features to accommodate various body sizes and shapes.

5. Protective accessories

Certain industries require accessories like hard hats, gloves, goggles and respirators for employee safety. Design uniforms with practical storage options or attachment points for these accessories, ensuring easy accessibility.

6. Compliance with regulations

Uniform designs must adhere to relevant safety regulations and standards. Meeting AS/NZS 4602.1 standards for high-visibility clothing and compliance with specific safety guidelines for protective equipment is essential.

7. Durability and maintenance

Uniforms endure wear and tear, exposure to chemicals, extreme temperatures and repeated laundering. Design uniforms that are durable and easy to clean without compromising safety features. Provide proper care instructions to employees to prolong uniform lifespan.

8. Employee feedback

Incorporating employee feedback into the design process provides valuable insights into safety concerns and practical needs. Surveys or focus groups can gather insights on comfort, functionality and potential safety issues.

By considering these factors, organisations can create uniforms that not only reflect their identity but also prioritise the wellbeing and safety of employees. Balancing safety, functionality and aesthetics is the hallmark of a successful uniform design, fostering a secure and comfortable work environment.

LED lens safety glasses

The Riley Stream Evo Eco and Cypher Eco safety glasses are engineered for maximised comfort and versatility, providing safety without compromising on style or functionality.

Both glasses are available in LED lens options for optimum protection in LED environments. These LED lens shades offer comfort and protection, providing a 69% visible light transmission, according to the company. They are designed to filter out harmful blue light, effectively reducing eye strain and fatigue.

The Eco safety eyewear range has also eliminated single-use plastic packaging. The product is packaged using 100% recycled microfibre pouches, helping to minimise the environmental footprint.

Globus Group Pty Ltd globusgroup.com/au

Powered air purifying respirator

The Sundström SR500 Powered Air Purifying Respirator (PAPR), an alternative to negative-pressure filter respirators, offers continuous filtered air flow for enhanced respiratory protection and comfort. Typically, the device is used when the work environment is intense or warm, for long periods of time. This versatile fan unit can be used with any Sundström hoods, face shield, helmet or full-face mask. It is battery-powered and comes with a standard lithium-ion battery but can also be upgraded to heavy duty for up to 12 h operating time based on usage. It has 2 air flow rates (normal and boost). Depending on the protection level required, the PAPR can be fitted with the Sundström particle filter and/or particle and gas filter combination. When selecting filters and a head-top, a few factors must be considered including the types of contaminants, concentrations and the workload and protection requirements.

The respirator is AS/NZS 1716 Australian Standard approved and IP67 rated.

Safety Equipment Australia Pty Ltd www.sea.com.au

Lone worker device

The MCM Electronics NEVERalone device has been designed for lone and isolated workers.

Equipped with advanced 4G technology, the NEVERalone device provides real-time location tracking and emergency assistance at the touch of a button. Whether working in remote areas or high-risk environments, employees can instantly alert supervisors or emergency services to their precise location in case of an accident or emergency.

With its rugged and durable construction, the NEVERalone is built to withstand the toughest conditions and performs well in safety critical situations. Its compact size allows for easy attachment to clothing or equipment, enabling workers to carry it with them at all times without inconvenience by using a belt clip or lanyard.

By utilising the NEVERalone, employers demonstrate a commitment to the safety and wellbeing of their employees. By complying with safety regulations outlined by organisations like Safe Work Australia, employers can mitigate risks associated with lone work, ultimately creating a safer workplace environment for all. MCM Electronics Pty Ltd www.mcmelectronics.com.au

SAME PROTECTION, NOW SUSTAINABLE

Safety Mate’s latest innovation is the new NXG GreenTekTM environmentally conscious range of gloves which are manufactured using up to 50% recycled yarn. Every pair of GreenTekTM gloves repurposes one to two plastic bottles.

CERTIFIED CARBON NEUTRAL BY SGS

The GreenTek™ glove range has been certified as carbon neutral by SGS. These gloves meet stringent requirements for achieving and maintaining carbon neutrality.

Gloves that help the environment without compromising performance Working together to reduce plastic waste and carbon emissions

CONTINUOUS LOOP HEAD STRAP

Ensures easy fitting with four point adjustment

3030V

P2 pre-formed cup shaped respirator with leading industry face fit testing results

Lightweight, cup shaped respirator

Four point headstrap adjustment

Preformed nosebridge removes the need for regular adjustment

Electrostatic filter media

Certified to AS/NZS 1716:2012

$0.50 donation per mask is made by Safety Mate.

PREFORMED NOSEBRIDGE

Does not require frequent adjustment

CASE STUDY

Heat stress devices trialled on workers

A new approach designed to protect outdoor workers from the dangerous effects of heat is being trialled by University of Adelaide researchers.

A group of outdoor workers from the City of Adelaide are participating in the trial, which involves using heat stress monitoring devices to assess environmental conditions and impacts on health.

The portable monitoring devices are either handheld or worn on a belt and provide on-the-spot heat stress readings by taking into account factors such as heart rate, solar intensity, air temperature and relative humidity. This information will be combined with the workers’ perceptions of the climate at the time.

“The hot, dry conditions South Australia endures over the warmer months can pose a challenge to the health of outdoor workers, including council workers,” said Associate Professor Paul Rothmore from the University of Adelaide’s School of Allied Health Science and Practice, who is leading the trial.

“We are trialling heat stress devices with GPS tracking and applying them to the council’s workforce to determine the type of work that can be safely undertaken around the city.”

The results will then be used to develop a decision-making tool to establish parameters for outdoor work, including the types of activities that are to be performed and their duration.

“There are areas of the city where even in 30°C heat, the microclimate can make it feel like a hothouse for outdoor workers,” Rothmore said.

“With rising temperatures, businesses will need to look at adjusting work practices to suit the conditions and this new risk assessment tool could help with that.”

The team has also been testing out a three-stage intervention tool which incorporates data from weather forecasting, heat zone maps and workload levels to assess the type of activity that can be carried out safely at city locations.

“Heat exposure can lead to heat-related injuries and illnesses and the risk to workers will only increase as Adelaide’s climate grows warmer,” Rothmore said.

The City of Adelaide approached the researchers to be part of this trial, which began at the start of March 2024.

“Extreme heat events are becoming more common and can put the health of people at risk, including our outdoor workers such as our horticulture team,” said Lord Mayor Jane Lomax-Smith.

“At the City of Adelaide, we are preparing and responding to changing climate by putting the health and welfare of our staff first. We are working with the University of Adelaide and are using the latest research to help us manage the challenges that come with climate change.”

If proven effective, the risk assessment tool could have wider applications for outdoor industries such as mining, agriculture and construction.

Image courtesy of University of Adelaide.

Associate Professor Paul Rothmore (pictured left) is working with the City of Adelaide, trialling new approaches to help further protect outdoor workers from the effects of heat.

THE BENEFITS OF COMPLYING WITH NEW WELDING FUME SAFETY STANDARDS

Brandon Colledge, PPE Product Specialist at Techware

The International Agency for the Research on Cancer (IARC) and Cancer Council Australia classify welding fumes as Group 1 carcinogens, indicating their potential to cause cancer in humans. Welding fumes, comprised of metallic oxides, silicates and fluorides, originate from the materials and processes involved in welding, including base materials, coatings and the reactions initiated by the welding’s intense heat and ultraviolet light. Exposure to welding fumes can result in severe health implications, such as acute and chronic respiratory diseases, lung cancer, heart disease and neurological issues.

In January 2024, Work Health and Safety Ministers implemented an immediate reduction to the workplace exposure standard (WES) for welding fumes (not otherwise classified) to be reduced from an 8-hour time weighted average (TWA) of 5 mg/m3 to 1 mg/m3

These standards are essential to lower exposure limits, enhance the effectiveness of ventilation and extraction systems, and the personal protective equipment (PPE) requirements.

Ensuring compliance with these new regulations is vital for protecting workers from both immediate and long-term health hazards. Central to this compliance is the employment of appropriate PPE, particularly advancements in respiratory protection. The updated safety standards emphasise the need for PPE that offers superior filtration and protection, to safeguard worker health in the face of these occupational hazards. Despite being considered the last resort in the hierarchy of safety controls, PPE remains an essential line of defence.

A key development in respiratory protection technology is the next generation of powered air purifying respirator (PAPR). PAPRs represent a significant step forward in worker safety, featuring advanced filtration systems that capture a broad spectrum of hazardous particulates. Unlike traditional respirators, PAPRs use a powered system to supply a continuous flow of filtered air, which eliminates

the user’s breathing resistance associated with non-powered traditional respirators and increases comfort for extended periods and welder acceptance. This technology is particularly relevant in today’s workplace, accommodating the resurgence of beards and facial hair among Australian workers, which poses additional challenges in selecting effective respiratory protection.

As Australian welding safety regulations become more stringent, the importance of adopting PPE solutions that meet these new standards cannot be overstated — and an innovative approach is required to comply with these regulations. Workplaces should therefore look to deploy Australian Standards certified PAPR units that are engineered to meet the demands of modern safety standards. Features such as advanced welding lenses for improved vision, quick-release helmets for ease of use, padded harnesses for comfort and extended battery life for continuous protection are key to the comprehensive approach to safety that these new standards encourage.

The move towards improved safety regulations and the adoption of advanced protective equipment like PAPRs marks a pivotal shift towards ensuring safer working conditions for welders. It reflects a broader commitment to worker health and safety, recognising the need for stringent protective measures to combat the significant risks posed by welding fumes.

In conclusion, the evolution of welding safety standards, driven by an enhanced understanding of the health risks associated with welding fumes, requires a robust response from the industry. The introduction of advanced safety regulations in Australia serves as a model for protecting workers from the hazardous effects of welding fumes. Compliance with these regulations, particularly through the adoption of advanced PPE technologies like PAPRs, is essential for ensuring the health and safety of welders, underscoring the industry’s commitment to fostering a safer and healthier work environment.

Reducing hazards around powerlines

Since the introduction of industrial manslaughter legislation, organisations around Australia have become increasingly aware of the importance of vigilance and best practice on construction sites. This is especially true when it comes to working around powerlines, which pose a serious safety hazard to workers. Powerlines have caused many deaths and accidents on work sites that may have been prevented with greater care.

Operating in Victoria, SafetySpotter provides a competent electrical safety spotter to watch over workers on these sites, helping them to avoid getting too close to powerlines. It sought an innovative and practical solution to assist with this process, and subsequently deployed the Trupulse 360° laser rangefinder device. This device is designed to assist with the accurate determination of clearances from powerline hazards to plant, machinery, personnel and materials.

The technology offers precise measurements in threedimensional space, eliminating guesswork for the user and helping organisations to comply with safety regulations. Unlike traditional methods, the Trupulse 360° laser rangefinder device is designed to offer precision and accuracy for five key 3D measurements including horizontal distance, vertical distance, diagonal (direct line) distance, azimuth and inclination.

Also used widely in forestry, mapping and public works, these devices have been key for SafetySpotter in its quest to provide reliable measurements that are critical for safety.

Safety switch

The NX series safety switch from Pizzato is based on RFID technology, bistable operation and three actuator entries. The safety switch also features a robust metal head to reach the PL e and SIL 3 safety levels.

With compact dimensions of 30x30x94.5 mm, the safety switch is suitable for applications in confined spaces. The switch is also equipped with an illuminated RGB-LED cover that enables immediate diagnosis of the function states of the inputs and outputs. As a result, this display can easily be read from a distance and from all viewing angles.

The safety switches of the NX series are designed as bistable switches. The internal solenoid (with which the device is locked or unlocked) operates in the bistable mode, ie, the solenoid is activated by short electrical impulses that move it to the locked or unlocked position.

The housing is made of two materials: the metal head provides resistance to impacts from the actuator and resistance to pulling when the door is locked, while the technopolymer body provides flexibility in the design.

The safety switch is always mounted using the two front M5 screws with a hole spacing of 20 mm, whereby it does not matter whether the doors open to the right or left or if they are sliding or hinged doors. The switch is equipped with an auxiliary release that can be actuated with an allen key.

Leuze electronic Pty Ltd www.leuze.com.au

NEW SAFETY DISTANCE SENSOR FOR SAFE CLIFF DETECTION AND ACCESS PROTECTION

The WTT12-S is a safety distance sensor with time-of-flight technology (TOF) for safe object detection in process automation. It achieves SIL1 / PL c and ensures safe and reliable object detection with a switching distance of 50 - 2000 mm.

Safety sensor for muting and fall edge detection up to SIL 1 and PL c WTT12-S is suitable for challenging applications in logistics, intralogistics and packaging industries thanks to VISTAL® housing and IP67 protection class and its compact housing for easy integration.

Exceptional characteristics include dependable object detection, capable even under challenging environmental circumstances such as short distances, rapid object sequences, and resistance to ambient light interference. Moreover, the WTT12-S presents a straightforward, highly resilient, and cost-effective solution for certified machine safety, boasting swift connectivity and uncomplicated parameterisation.

The right fit for your application

Whether as a muting sensor in intralogistics processes or as a solution for the secondary protection of mobile robots — WTT12-S sensors are versatile and space saving. The sensors reliably detect objects and drop-off edges in the room and transmit

this information to the safety controller. WTT12-S sensors provide flexible mounting options and are easy to parameterize. They are easy to connect thanks to the standard M12 male connector. With their compact design, the WTT12-S sensors can be integrated into almost every machine design in a space-saving manner. Thanks to their rugged VISTAL housing, they resist even the most challenging ambient conditions.

Benefits include:

• Ensuring safety for both individuals and assets through dependable object detection.

• Streamlining the certifi cation process for machines without requiring any workarounds.

• Detecting moving objects and drop edges even across extended distances.

• Excelling in challenging ambient conditions due to its durable housing and immunity to ambient light.

• Simplifying sensor parameterisation through a teach-in button and seamless connection to the safety controller via M12 plug connectors.

Want to know more on the SICK Safety Distance Sensor? Please visit: https://www. sick.com/au/en/catalog/products/safety/ safety-distance-sensors/wtt12-s/c/g577387.

Cloud-software safety system

A centralised hub for various aspects of safety management, including risk, compliance and incident management as well as mass communications, Noggin’s Safety Solution is an enterprisegrade, secure cloud-software system within the Noggin 2.0 platform. Noggin provides the information and tools needed to effectively manage a range of environmental, health and safety (EHS) incidents, risks and hazards in a single location.

Built on best practice, Noggin digitises the management system elements of international standards, such as ISO 31000 (risk management), ISO 45001 (occupational health and safety) and ISO 19600 (compliance management). The product also comes equipped with standard functionality to manage the end-to-end incident lifecycle seamlessly, as well as key details of staff, contractors, volunteers and external parties.

Managing EHS in a centralised hub, as Noggin does, helps to drive safety KPIs forward. The Noggin Safety Solution promotes best-practice management of incidents, injuries, risks and controls. It also helps to elicit faster and better-informed decision-making, reduces risk and incidents, and makes responses more efficient.

Noggin Pty Ltd www.noggin.io

Electronic key management solution

Exclusion zone for mobile plant

The Incident Zero Laser Safety Halo is a low-powered red laser light that delineates a distinct exclusion zone around mobile machinery.

Developed over a rigorous seven-year research and development phase, this system helps to meet safety standards within mining environments. The laser system is resilient, bright, long-reaching and well suited to the harshest rigours of mining sites.

The intuitive design of the Safety Halo transcends language barriers and educational levels with a red zone that clearly signals danger. Unlike conventional systems reliant on driver input, the Safety Halo is autonomous and helps to reduce risky human–machine interactions by keeping workers away from potential hazards.

Incident Zero www.incident-zero.com

KeyWatcher electronic key management solutions offer a system that increases workplace safety by meticulously controlling access to keys. By limiting key access solely to authorised personnel, these systems prevent unauthorised individuals from obtaining keys to sensitive areas. This not only enhances security but also minimises the risk of theft, vandalism or other unauthorised activities.

Moreover, KeyWatcher employs double authentication processes in high-risk areas, adding an extra layer of security. This stringent protocol means that only individuals with the proper credentials and authorisation can access keys, further fortifying the safety of critical zones within a workplace.

KeyWatcher also has the ability to provide a comprehensive audit trail. This feature meticulously records every instance of key access, documenting who accessed which keys and when. This audit trail serves as a vital tool for accountability and investigation, allowing management to quickly identify any irregularities or security breaches.

KeyWatcher Australia www.keywatcher.com.au

ZOOMLION CRAWLER CRANE BREAKS WORLD RECORD FOR LIFTING

What does it take to break a world record? In the case of cranes, it often takes incredible lifting feats — whether to new heights, or new loads. In a recent project, industrial manufacturer Zoomlion (supplied in Australia by Gleason Cranes and Rental), broke two new records with their ZCC89000 crawler crane, demonstrating how cranes are forming a critical component of major projects worldwide.

Bigger Projects Require Bigger Cranes

In recent years, megascale projects have begun to take off in many parts of the world. It’s clear that in many areas, infrastructure needs need to be met — whether through the construction of renewable energy resources, the development of new transportation systems, or other considerable projects.

As a result of these increasingly large projects, technology has to be engineered to support the complexities of such projects. Cranes often have vastly different requirements — for example, a recent lift on a renewable energy project in China involved a crane that was required to lift a wind turbine blade that was 95m in length — almost twice the size of a typical wind turbine blade.

The Lift Requirements

As a part of Zhejiang Petroleum & Chemical Co. Ltd.’s New Material Engineering Project, several critical components needed to be installed with the help of Zoomlion cranes. In this instance, three slurry bed reactors, essential to constructing a slurry bed residue hydrogenation plant, needed to be lifted and moved into position at a site in Zhejiang Province, approximately 180km southwest of Shanghai.

The crawler crane needed to be able to handle several significant requirements. Importantly, the crane needed to move slurry beds weighing more than 3,000 tons, and a height of more than 67 meters. Additionally, as this load was being moved, the crane needed to be able to use a counterweight to balance the load.

Working with the construction company, Zoomlion identified eight upgrades to the crawler crane to help them manage the load. This included modifications to work with the requirements

of the project site, including being able to lift heavy weights in an area with limited movement.

Two Lifting Records Broken

Over six days in January 2024, a Zoomlion ZCC89000 lifted three reactors, the largest of which weighed 3,037 tonnes — the equivalent of lifting more than 1.2 fully loaded Olympic-sized swimming pools in the air.

This astonishing feat broke two records — related to the world record for single lifting weight and lifting speed. Once completed, the lift helped bring forward the project timeline by approximately two months.

Technical Considerations for Large Lifts

When conducting a large lift, the right crane must be selected. All factors must be considered — the load that needs to be lifted, the distance it needs to travel, and any other factors that impact a potential lift. For example, a crane poorly suited to a harsh operating environment may be at risk of tipping.

For reputable crane providers such as Gleason Cranes Sales and Rentals, stocking Zoomlion cranes means having the ability to provide not only a high-quality brand but also considerable post-sales support. When discussing a recent delivery of Zoomlion cranes, Sales Director Chris Logan noted that customers were consistently happy with the quality of the brand’s cranes.

As cranes continue to work with ever-increasing loads, it will be exciting to see how brands such as Zoomlion continue to enhance and evolve their crane technologies to handle increasingly large projects.

For more information on the range of Zoomlion Cranes available throughout Australia, Gleason Cranes and Rentals can be contacted on 1300 686 626.

Josh Young

CASE STUDY

How robots are making nuclear facilities safer

Sellafield, a UK-based nuclear site, has increasingly made use of robots to enhance safety for its workers.

‘Spot’ the robot dog is now a familiar sight at the facility, which has a focus on decommissioning and plays a vital role in ensuring the safe and responsible management of nuclear facilities. Spot is tasked with duties such as the inspection of buildings and equipment, and the sorting and segregation of wastes.

The robot’s capabilities were recently shared with industry colleagues during a live demonstration at one of the site's oldest buildings, Calder Hall. Like many buildings built in the 1950s, Calder Hall has areas where asbestos is a known hazard, making them inaccessible for humans and therefore difficult to decommission.

AtkinsRéalis, supported with some of the Sellafield remote operated vehicles (ROV) department’s equipment and documentation, utilised Spot to conduct a livestreamed inspection — via the robot’s on-board camera — and build an accurate understanding of the condition of the area and how best to clean it up.

The ROV team had previously used a LiDAR laser scanning device on an ROV in a high radiation environment, allowing the robot to navigate and build a 3D image of the hazardous area, thus removing the need for humans to enter.

“Since the introduction of this technology we’ve really been at the forefront of testing it and adjusting it to our needs, and are now leaders in the nuclear industry for applying it,” said Calvin Smye, ROV equipment engineer.

“We’ve seen supply chain colleagues deploying the same technology at other nuclear sites following our success.”

These robots are now being used across other NDA sites in the UK, including at Dounreay in Scotland, demonstrating how learning is being shared to deliver better outcomes.

The ROV team has also used an IPEK crawler robot — commonly used for sewer pipe inspections — to inspect the structural integrity of pipework from up to 250 metres away.

In addition, Sellafield is exploring the use of ROVs to detect potentially dangerous gases in work areas before humans are sent in, much like the canaries used in coal mines over 200 years ago. It recently conducted its first trial using a dosimeter designed by the Radiometrics Systems Group.

“If we can do one task that removes the need for a person to enter a hazardous area, that’s a win,” said Deon Bulman, ROV equipment program lead.

of Engineering Centre of

‘Spot’ with LiDAR.

Smashed Cut F.

18 Gauge Cut Level F

Designed from the yarn up using quantum level engineering, new Graphex® Quantum series of hand protection utilizes Graphex® 18-gauge yarn, to create a lighter more comfortable Cut Level F certified glove. Impact protection constructed with thermoplastic rubber and a new extended thumb and forefinger saddle. This is Cut Level F smashed. This is unrivalled dexterity. This is Graphex® Quantum+.

Scan to request a sample

Photoelectric proximity sensor

The SICK W10 photoelectric proximity sensor is a laser triangulation sensor designed to solve a range of detection tasks in automation technology. With an intuitive touchscreen operation for ease of use, it has selectable operating modes, stainless steel housing in IP69K and IO-Link functionality.

The sensor series comprises four variants, which differ in their operating distances and mounting options. The Class 1 laser light source, in conjunction with the receiver evaluation line, is designed to deliver precise detection results with high repeat accuracy.

Three application-optimised operating modes can be activated just as easily via the display as foreground or background suppression if required. Situationdependent teach-in options allow the sensor to be adapted to individual application scenarios. The stainless steel housing with IP69k protection protects the sensor even when used in demanding ambient conditions. Thanks to IO-Link functionality, the photoelectric sensor has the option of remote configuration and integration of the recorded sensor data into an existing automation network.

Suitable for a range of applications across numerous industrial sectors and innovation sectors, the sensor is particularly suitable in factory and logistics automation applications — eg, for the detection of objects with different or challenging surface properties such as gloss, colour or structures.

The sensor has a screen lock that protects the settings against access or unwanted changes by third parties. The short-range version has working distances between 25 and 400 mm and the long-range version ranges from 25 to 700 mm. In speed mode, the response time is 1.8 ms.

SICK Pty Ltd www.sick.com.au

Self-serve health check station

SiSU Health’s medical-grade Health Stations offer self-serve, five-minute health checks that can be accessed by all staff regardless of their location.

Health Stations can be leased for use by workers onsite, or staff can use one of the ~320 stations that can be found in pharmacies across Australia. Health checks are unlimited, so users can conduct as many checks as they like over time.

Paired with the free SiSU Health app, staff can measure, track and improve their health over time and access a variety of in-app tools. The company provides de-identified analytics on the health of staff, and data can also be split by department.

SiSU Health Group www.sisuhealthgroup.com

Smart glasses

Vuzix Corporation has launched the Vuzix Z100 smart glasses. Built using the Vuzix Ultralite OEM PlatformSM, these safety glasses-certified smart glasses are made for all-day wear. Using them, workers can get a human-centred connection to AI and work process applications, receiving updates, workflow and task confirmations, and notifications in real time.

The smart glasses pair via Bluetooth with Android or iOS IOT devices. They represent a functional bridge between AI platform tools, where situational guidance can streamline workflows, and human workers can reap the benefits of a connected workplace. In addition to a lightweight AI interface, the glasses can augment the data feed from finger scanners, sensors, controllers and other equipment with minimal native UI, making that data available in an accessible format. Tasks with substandard user feedback due to device or process limitations can now have their workflows displayed in the user’s heads-up display, providing human-centred outputs and real-time updates.

Running up to 48 hours on a single charge, the smart glasses feature heads-up waveguide technology and a sleek form factor that weighs 35 grams. Advanced monocular waveguide optics, combined with the Vuzix custom micro display engine, create a transparent, monochrome image that can deliver all the important information on a user’s Android or iOS device, hands-free right before their eyes. Wearers get heads-up access to important task information, from language translation and closed captioning, to directions, to health and workout status, to messaging, workflow outputs and more.

The AVR Lab www.theavrlab.com.au

COULD A BLOOD TEST IDENTIFY SLEEP DEPRIVATION AT WORK?

Lack of sleep is known to increase the risk of serious injury or fatality in safety critical situations at work.

A Monash University-led team has now developed a blood test that can accurately detect when someone has not slept for 24 hours or more.

Published in Science Advances , the biomarker used a combination of markers found in the blood of healthy volunteers. Together, these markers accurately predicted when the study volunteers had been awake for more than 24 hours under controlled laboratory conditions.

The biomarker detected whether individuals had been awake for 24 hours with a 99.2% probability of being correct, when compared to their own well-rested sample. When a single sample was considered without the well-rested comparison (similar to a diagnostic blood test), it dropped to 89.1%, which was still very high.

How might the study findings be used?

With about 20% of Australia’s road accidents caused by sleep deprivation, researchers hope the discovery may inform future tests to quickly and simply identify sleep-deprived drivers. The biomarker could also be developed for other situations where sleep deprivation may lead to catastrophic consequences, such as in safety-critical workplaces.

Senior author Professor Clare Anderson led the research while she was with the Monash University School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health. She is now Professor of Sleep and Circadian Science at the University of Birmingham in the UK.

“This is a really exciting discovery for sleep scientists and could be transformative to the future management of health and safety relating to insufficient sleep,” she said.

“While more work is required, this is a promising first step. There is strong evidence that less than five hours’ sleep is associated with unsafe driving, but driving after 24 hours awake, which is what we detected here, would be at least comparable to more than double the Australian legal limit of alcohol performance-wise.”

The test may also be ideal for future forensic use but further validation is required.

First author Dr Katy Jeppe, from the Monash Proteomics and Metabolomics Platform, previously from the School of Psychological

Sciences, said it was difficult to say how soon the test could be developed for post-accident use.

“Next steps would be to test it in a less controlled environment and maybe under forensic conditions, particularly if it was to be used as evidence for crashes involving drivers falling asleep,” Jeppe said.

“Given it’s blood, the test is more limited in a roadside context, but future work could examine whether our metabolites, and therefore the biomarker, are evident in saliva or breath.”

This sleep deprivation biomarker is based on 24 hours or more awake, but can detect down to 18 hours awake. A biomarker for limited sleep over the previous night could also be developed, but more research is required to combine the time since sleep with the amount of sleep in the predictions.

Adapting the test for use in workplaces

“Much further work would be needed if laws were to change and a sleep deprivation test introduced on the road or in workplaces,” Jeppe said.

“This would include further validation of biomarkers, as well as establishing safe levels of sleep to prevent and recover from impairment, not to mention the extensive legal process.

“A biomarker for limited sleep over the previous night could be developed, and others have made progress in this respect (Depner et al.).”

Sleep deprivation can have fatal consequences for other safetycritical occupations. Major catastrophes including the Chernobyl nuclear reactor meltdown and the Challenger space shuttle disaster1 are thought to be caused, in part, by human error associated with fatigue.

“Objective tests that identify individuals who present as a risk to themselves or others are urgently needed in situations where the cost of a mistake is fatal,” Anderson said.

“Alcohol testing was a game changer for reducing road crashes and associated serious injuries and fatalities, and it is possible that we can achieve the same with fatigue. But much work is still required to meet this goal.”

1. Report of the Presidential Commission on the Space Shuttle Challenger Accident. II. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1986. Appendix G Chernobyl: International Nuclear Safety Advisory Group. Summary report on the post accident review meeting on the Chernobyl accident (25–29 August, 1986; Vienna, Austria). International Atomic Energy Agency, November 1986. ISBN #92-0-123186-5

Mental health training program

Mental health training for managers is one of the most effective interventions in terms of return on investment. The Black Dog Institute’s research shows returns of up to 10:1 for every dollar invested in training through increased productivity and reduced mental health-related workers compensation claims.

At the individual worker level, Black Dog Institute provides training to build resilience, increase understanding of warning signs of mental ill health and where to find support.

Organisations that invest in evidence-based mental health training that upskill managers to better support the mental health needs of their staff can result in leaders who are more confident and engage in more mentally healthy workplace practices such as initiating conversations with staff about their mental health, and promoting early help-seeking. They are also better placed to manage workrelated mental health risk factors for their staff such as job demands and working with staff to provide a greater sense of job control. Employees who have more supportive supervisors have also been found to have lower rates of work-related sickness absence.

Black Dog Institute www.blackdoginstitute.org.au

AI pedestrian detection system

The FleetSafe Proxicam AI pedestrian detection system has been designed to prevent injuries and fatalities caused by plant equipment.

The intelligent camera uses computer vision to identify humans in any environment, above or below ground. No RFID hardware or specialty vests are required. When personnel are detected in an exclusion zone, immediate audible or audio-visual alerts are delivered to the operator.

Proxicam utilises a modular system, designed for rapid deployment. Up to four cameras can be fitted to any plant equipment, providing 360° visibility. Users are able to set exclusion zones specific to their site and machine with just a smartphone. They can also choose between an LED indicator or a 7 ″ HD LCD monitor for 24/7, real-time alerts.

When breaches in proximity occur, the system’s optional 2 TB DVR will record continuous and event-based video. Users can receive immediate back-to-base notifications via their existing telematics system or the FleetHQ video telematics and IoT solution.

FleetSafe Pty Ltd www.fleetsafe.com.au

Unified WHS platform

ecoPortal is a WHS engagement platform, with over 30 modules and a native mobile app, designed to help capture attention and drive engagement in safety.

From best-practice incident and risk management, to contractor and visitor management, audits, inductions and more, the platform offers a comprehensive suite.

ecoPortal keeps user experience at the forefront of the platform, so it’s easy for all workers to proactively report unsafe activity and tackle to-dos. With real-time data along with the ability to auto-generate reports and send them instantaneously, stakeholders and boards can easily stay informed. Managers can quickly get a glimpse of their organisation’s safety status at any given time, helping them make proactive decisions on the go.

ecoPortal www.ecoportal.com

Using shipping containers to boost height safety

A Sydney depot has found a simple but effective use for its shipping containers, enhancing height safety for workers in the process.

In 2022, the Western Container Services depot expanded its electrical infrastructure, investing in a new 1400-amp electrical substation, which significantly increased its capacity for powered refrigerated shipping container storage.

However, the existing solutions for accessing and monitoring these containers, such as ladders, cherry pickers or forklift personnel baskets, were deemed inefficient and potentially hazardous.

“Working at heights has long been a leading cause of workplace fatalities, with falls from ladders contributing significantly to these grim statistics,” said Rick Johnson, Managing Director of Western Containers.

“Our team sought to find a solution that would address both safety concerns and the efficiency of monitoring the containers.”

The company therefore modified 40-foot shipping containers

to create multi-level monitoring gantries. These adapted containers feature reinforced side panels with easy-access windows, power points along both sides and a dedicated power board at one end. Each level is also equipped with safety stairs, chains and railings to prevent falls, ensuring a safer working environment for the team.

“Our goal was to provide our team with a safer way to work while also improving the efficiency of our monitoring process,” Johnson said.

“As a second-generation Aussie family owned and operated container depot, we are committed to delivering dedicated and professional services to our customers.”

Paul Zalai, Director of Freight & Trade Alliance (FTA), visited Western Container Services to witness the container depot operations firsthand. Impressed by their commitment to safety and efficiency, Zalai is looking forward to potential collaborations in the future.

Western Container Services www.westerncontainers.com.au

Robotic scrubber-dryer

i-team ANZ has launched the co-botic 45 robotic scrubber-dryer. Engineered to meet cleaning standards in commercial settings, the robotic scrubber-dryer is designed to maintain large spaces.

Designed for almost all hard floor types, the scrubber-dryer handles repetitive and tedious tasks, such as scrubbing and drying large floor areas ranging from 200–1500 m². By doing so, it reduces the risk of repetitive strain injuries that cleaners often encounter when working on these tedious spaces.

The robotic scrubber-dryer can operate 24/7 using two batteries, allowing for uninterrupted cleaning cycles, even in dark areas overnight. It is also designed to scrub hard floors clean and dry within 10 s, thereby reducing slip hazards.

The co-botic 45 intelligent robotic scrubberdryer is suitable for organisations seeking to enhance efficiency and elevate cleaning standards.

i-team ANZ i-teamanz.com

Generative AI risk assistant

Safety camera sensor

SICK has launched its SafeVisionary2 safety camera sensor, a 3D time-of-flight camera with performance level c safety certification. The safety camera sensor makes safe threedimensional environment perception for advanced safety concepts possible, thereby enabling users to enhance the productivity of their machines. The 3D measurement data delivered by the sensor enables users to solve automation tasks at the same time.

To enable mobile robots to navigate safely through halls, they must be able to sense their surroundings. As a versatile solution, eg, for collision protection and side protection, the safety camera sensor increases the availability of vehicles. The camera also delivers three-dimensional environment data so that mobile robots can autonomously find their way.

The safety camera sensor also features a compact design, with dimensions of just 70 x 80 x 77 mm. This allows users to integrate the camera into their machine design, even when installation space is tight.

The safety camera sensor is also designed to be ready for use in no time, due to its standardised connection technology and the intuitive Safety Designer configuration software. Users can also employ software functions such as protective field evaluation to quickly engineer their safety application.

Diagnostics and optimisations are also quick and easy, to enhance productivity. The safety camera sensor enables service robots to safely detect people and obstacles that are in the direction of travel, thereby avoiding accidents. Even stairs or ramps are no longer a hazard due to the detection of fall edges. Cleaning robots in shopping malls, for example, also stop safely in front of escalators. By combining two cameras, the PL d performance level required by the IEC 63227-2021 standard for fall protection can in many cases be achieved.

SICK Pty Ltd

www.sick.com.au

Avetta has launched AskAva, a generative AI-powered risk assistant that is designed to support contractor compliance and contractor safety. AskAva is built on a new AI engine embedded in the platform, combining Avetta’s proprietary data with ChatGPT. AskAva adds more capabilities to Avetta’s Connect platform, enabling organisations to automate contractor risk management at scale while educating their supply chain vendors about safety best practices.

AskAva works as a personalised safety assistant, leveraging generative AI to help large organisations reduce accidents in their supply chain. AskAva will enable clients and suppliers to access safety data and recommendations through interactive prompts in the Avetta product. Organisations can use the Avetta platform to deploy risk assessments to contractors before conducting high-risk work, such as transporting hazardous materials, working around heavy equipment or working at heights. Based on the user’s prompts, AskAva generates suggestions to third-party vendors on what types of risk practices can be used to avoid an incident. Data will be available in Avetta’s platform, designed to protect sensitive data.

AskAva is currently available to beta customers with general availability planned for Q2 2024. Avetta has also designed a roadmap of AI-powered solutions for the contractor risk industry, including health and safety, ESG and sustainability, business risk and cybersecurity.

Avetta www.avetta.com

THE COUNTDOWN TO MELBOURNE IS ON

What: Workplace Health and Safety Show

When: 22–23 May 2024

Where: Melbourne Convention and Exhibition Centre Website: www.whsshow.com.au/melbourne

The countdown to the Melbourne Workplace Health and Safety Show is on. On 22 May 2024, thousands of company executives, managers, safety officers and contractors will convene at the Melbourne Convention and Exhibition Centre for this two-day OHS event.

At this year’s show, attendees will be able to source solutions to their OHS challenges, with over 160 brands showcasing the latest in health, safety and wellbeing products, services and solutions. The show is an unmissable occupational safety and wellbeing masterclass, with 40 hours of free educational content delivered by over 70 industry leaders and subject matter experts presented over three stages.

The debut of new Summit Stage conferences

New in 2024, attendees will now be able to choose from three summits — each dedicated to a pertinent topic:

• The Workplace Wellbeing Summit explores psychosocial risks and legislation, providing practical guidelines on the implementation of wellbeing programs that enable the management of mental wellness.

• The Construction Health and Safety Summit examines the latest construction-specific safety risks, strategies and tools.

• The Safety Leadership and Culture Summit explores how leadership and company culture contribute to enhanced safety outcomes. Experts will share hands-on strategies to create a safer workplace.

Getting to the core of safety best practices

Alongside the new Summit Stage program, the show also offers the Knowledge Hub, which brings together industry experts to discuss workplace health and safety in a series of interactive forums and seminars.

Putting key solutions in the spotlight

Rounding out the Workplace Health and Safety Show line-up is the exhibitor-led Spotlight Stage, which assembles some of Australia’s most impressive solutions providers. These organisations will be showcasing an extensive array of services and products designed to bolster workplace safety and wellbeing.

Register for your FREE pass at https://whsshow.com.au/registermelbourne and join the event on 22–23 May at the Melbourne Convention and Exhibition Centre.

National Media www.nationalmedia.com.au

EXHIBITOR LIST

A-SAFE AUSTRALASIA J13

ABSORB ENVIRONMENTAL SOLUTIONS N07

ACCUBIOTECH H01

ACTIVE ENVIRONMENTAL SOLUTIONS P02

ADAPTALIFT GROUP J03

AESC D07

AFFIRMER P11

ALCOLIZER TECHNOLOGY H04

ALL PREPARATION EQUIPMENT J16 AMCS F01

ANCHOR SAFE M09

ANDATECH F15

APEX WELDING SAFETY J10

AREA9 LYCEUM H09

AUSTRALIAN FORKLIFT & INDUSTRIAL TRUCK ASSOCIATION L01

AUSTRALIAN INSTITUTE OF HEALTH & SAFETY P01

AUSTRALIAN RED CROSS LIFEBLOOD P03

AUSTRALIAN SECURITY TECHNOLOGY I15

BIOSYMM G16

BLACK DOG INSTITUTE M07

CARE PHARMACEUTICALS F20

CEREBRAL PALSY ALLIANCE L08

CIRLOCK K03

CITY FERTILITY P8

CLEANSTAR P07

CM3 CONTRACTOR MANAGEMENT G12

CORPORATE WELLBEING HUB A08

COTEWELL M08

CUSTOM TROLLEYS AUSTRALIA D09

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORT AND PLANNING C15

DEXSAFE AUSTRALIA J19

DIABETES VICTORIA B12

DIPLOMAT BLADES AUSTRALIA N09

DURESS F14

EARTHMOVING TECHNOLOGY

SOLUTIONS M10

EASY GUIDES AUSTRALIA A06

ECOPORTAL N16

EMONA INSTRUMENTS H06

EMP ONSITE H14

ENABLEORG G09

ETISCOPE C07

EVERYDAY MASSIVE K10

EVOTIX G15

EWORKS F16

FIRE EQUIPMENT SERVICES I05

FIRST AID ACCIDENT & EMERGENCY P13

FITWORKER360 F06

FLEETCOACH H16

FLEETSAFE H10

GKA TECHNOLOGIES K15

GLOBUS GROUP D01

GUARDIAN ANGEL SAFETY E25

GVS I03

HANWHA VISION J12

HARM TECH P17

HAYLO PEOPLE D11

HAZCON H03

HEALIUS G04

HEALTHCARE AUSTRALIA O10

HEART AND BRAIN WORKS G06

HSI DONESAFE H07

IDEAGEN LUCIDITY N15

IKON SERVICES AUSTRALIA F02

INCIDENT ZERO N06

INDUSTRIAL ATHLETE AUSTRALIA E07

INDUSTRY UPDATE

MANUFACTURING MEDIA A07

INTEGRITY SAMPLING AUSTRALIA B13

INTERTEK INFORM P20

JBS WEAR L19

JOBFIT HEALTH GROUP J15

JUST CAREERS TRAINING C11

KAB SEATING M13

KOR EQUIPMENT SOLUTIONS M18

MARTOR AUSTRALIA K12

MAXISAFE O03

MCCUE N13

MIBO P12

MILWAUKEE TOOLS AUSTRALIA N01

MOBILE SCREENING L16

MOSAFE F7

MOTOROLA SOLUTIONS L9

NEVERALONE PTY LTD L07

NOGGIN B08

OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE & OHS SOLUTIONS A11

OZHELP FOUNDATION C13 PAN SOFTWARE D19

USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TO IMPROVE SITE ACCESS SECURITY

AI has great potential to improve safety across the building and construction industry, by keeping unauthorised personnel off worksites. However, because many security entrances do not have AI built into their technology, integrating intelligence into secured entrances requires a collaborative effort with a third-party solutions provider, writes MICHAEL FISHER, Managing Director, Boon Edam Australia.

Many building automation systems, fire systems, intrusion detection technologies, and physical and network access control systems already have AI built into many of their core competencies.

However, despite the fact that AI will be able to help in many security-related tasks — such as discerning people from objects at a facility’s peri meter and interior entrances, detecting attempted piggybacking, spotting and analysing potentially lethal objects and dangerous people — AI does have its limits. It is not capable of taking action to prevent unauthorised human entry or deny the entry of dangerous objects. So what is the answer?

Third-party solution providers and AI integration

Integrating AI at site entrances requires collaboration with a third-party provider. Video analytics are increasingly deployed to address use cases such as people detection, piggybacking, dangerous object detection and facial recognition among other issues relevant to secured entrances.

The increased integration of AI providers with traditional security entrance partners has resulted in improvements in speed, price, ease of use and usability. Not only that, but it has improved the ability of machine learning to improve algorithms over traditional modelling and correlation approaches, and integration with other systems and sensors.

AI works to replace human efforts at the entry

So, what can AI do alone at a secured entrance? Basically, it can replace human effort at tasks that would be tough for people themselves to undertake reliably: learn behaviours of staff, employees and contractors; and identify people and monitor them more consistently than operators.

Currently, many security entrances detect tailgaters by using near-infrared sensors — if it appears that two separate objects are breaking through the sensor beams, an alarm is generated. In security revolving doors and portals, near-infrared, time of flight technology is paired with optics to create a 3D image of the objects inside the door; algorithms and

sampling data are used to determine whether there is one person or two. When these technologies reject a user ‘for no reason’ (for example, a person enters a door with a pizza box and wears a backpack) that’s known as a ‘false rejection’.

Advanced AI can fill the gap by recognising people (through learned movement patterns and spacing of features) and objects the way humans can, which can bring the false rejection rate to near zero. For example, it could register the difference between any inanimate objects being worn or carried through the entrance, as opposed to living users. It can intimately know the identity of authorised users, regardless of clothing, current weight, hair colour or facial hair, and the process of aging.

AI is a double-edged sword

Machine learning and deep learning have been used for many years in the big data world to identify trends and produce metrics regarding human intent. Within the security industry, a trend has been witnessed whereby companies leverage these specific engines to gain greater benefits from access control, video surveillance management, intrusion detection and tracking systems.

Machine learning can be seen as a doubleedged sword, because tracking learned behaviour can help define potential vulnerabilities and unmask potential threats. However, it can also lead to privacy and discrimination concerns, especially when intent and analytic detail are not clear.

A layered approach to security entrances

The current best practice for security entrances, particularly in high security applications, is to employ a layered approach. A layered approach could involve a combination of:

• Full height turnstiles, which are useful at the outer perimeter, because they provide both a visual and physical deterrent against unauthorised access.

• Speedlanes to prevent tailgating — unauthorised people tailing authorised personnel through security gates — through to the use of alerts and visual recognition features that alert security staff to a potential breach.

• High security portals, which use biometric scanning and overhead sensors to ensure the credentials of each user. It guarantees each user is alone and is exactly who they say they are. This is the ultimate security frontline.<br>

AI can provide enhancements to much of this existing technology. For example, facial recognition software can be integrated into speedlanes, so that instead of each person needing an access card, they can smoothly walk through and be authorised using their face.

The future of AI and security entrances

AI in the form of machine learning and deep learning has become a disruptive technological force in the physical security industry. The push for touchless and frictionless access options will expand the integration of secure entrances with building control systems to help provide additional insight to potential threats and help mitigate them.

SMART TEXTILES FOR COOLER SAFETY CLOTHES

Nanodiamonds are being used by researchers to create smart textiles that have the ability to cool people down faster when worn.

The study undertaken by RMIT University found that fabric made from cotton coated with nanodiamonds — using a method called electrospinning — showed a reduction of 2–3°C during the cooling down process compared to untreated cotton.

The thermal conductivity of nanodiamonds allows them to draw out body heat and release it from the fabric. Often used in IT, nanodiamonds can also help improve thermal properties of liquids and gels, as well as increase corrosive resistance in metals.

Project lead and RMIT Senior Lecturer Dr Shadi Houshyar said there was a real opportunity to use these insights to create new textiles for sportswear and personal protective clothing, such as underlayers to keep firefighters cool.

The study also found nanodiamonds increased the UV protection of cotton, making it suitable for outdoor summer clothing.

“While 2–3 degrees may not seem like much of a change, it does make a difference in comfort and health impacts over extended periods and in practical terms, could be the difference between keeping your air conditioner off or turning it on,” Houshyar said.

“There’s also potential to explore how nanodiamonds can be used to protect buildings from overheating, which can lead to environmental benefits.”

The use of this fabric in clothing was projected to lead to a 20–30% energy saving due to lower use of air conditioning.

Based in the Centre for Materials Innovation and Future Fashion (CMIFF), the research team is made up of RMIT engineers and textile researchers who have strong expertise

in developing next-generation smart textiles, as well as working with industry to develop realistic solutions.

Contrary to popular belief, nanodiamonds are not the same as the diamonds that adorn jewellery, Houshyar said.

“They’re actually cheap to make — cheaper than graphene oxide and other types of carbon materials,” she said.

“While they have a carbon lattice structure, they are much smaller in size. They’re also easy to make using methods like detonation or from waste materials.”

How the research was undertaken

Cotton material was first coated with an adhesive, then electrospun with a polymer solution made from nanodiamonds, polyurethane and solvent. This process creates a web of nanofibres on the cotton fibres, which are then cured to bond the two.

Lead researcher and RMIT research assistant Dr Aisha Rehman said the coating with nanodiamonds was deliberately applied to only one side of the fabric to restrict heat in the atmosphere from transferring back to the body.

“The side of the fabric with the nanodiamond coating is what touches the skin. The nanodiamonds then transfer heat from the body into the air,” she said.

“Because nanodiamonds are such good thermal conductors, it does it faster than untreated fabric.”

Nanodiamonds were chosen for this study because of their strong thermal conductivity properties, Rehman said. In addition, they are biocompatible and are safe for the human body.

Further research will study the durability of the nanofibres, especially during the washing process.

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