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10-15
Post Modernism
Modernism
Armin Hofmann
Swiss Grid
Pop Art
Bauhaus
12 Section
Section
16-19
20-23
Briefs
Typography
City In Flux Earth Artifact
34 Section
Section
POST MODERN ISM Post modernism is an arts movement that started in the late 20th century , incorporating design and architecture. Post modernism defines a rational interpritation of thins such as culture, history, art, philosophy, history and things such as literature. Post modernism has been used as a term to describe new forms of design and art, it is widely seen as a reaction to the certainty of objective or scientific efforts to explain reality. The movement relies on concrete experience rather than abstract principles. As the philosopher Richard tarnas states that “postmodernism cannot on its own principles ultimately justify itself any more than can the various metaphysical overviews againts which the postmodern mind has defined itself�. pbs.org.
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ARMIN HOFMAN “I define postmodern incredulity toward metanarratives.” Jean-Francois Lyotard
Armin Hofman uses Typography plus bold shapes and colours, Hofmann was instrumental in developing a graphic style known as the Swiss Style. his work is recognised for being based on fundamental elements of graphic form using simple line, form and shape. while very subtly including colour and complexity. Armin Hofmann had already completed an apprenticeship in lithography by the age of 27 and had begun teaching typography at the Basel School of Design. His colleagues and students were extremely important in adding to work and theories that surrounded the Swiss Style, which stressed a belief in an absolute and universal style of graphic design. The style of design they created had a goal of communication above all else, practiced new techniques of photo-typesetting, photo-montage and experimental composition and heavily favored sans-serif typography. He taught for several years at the Basel School of Design. The SwissStyle, and Hofmann, thought that one of the most efficient forms of communications was the poster and Hofmann spent much of his career designing posters, in particularly for the Basel Stadt Theater. Just as Joseph Müller-Brockmann did, Hofmann wrote a book outlining
“Andy Warhol defined Pop Art”
Jeffrey Deitch
Pop art is now most associated with the work of New York artists of the early 1960s such as Andy Warhol and artists such as Roy Lichtenstein. but artists who drew on popular imagery were part of an international phenomenon in various cities from the mid-1950s onwards. Following the popularity of abstract art and the type of work that was being created. Pop arts introduction of identifiable imagery was a major shift for the direction of modernism. By creating paintings or sculptures of mass culture objects and media stars, the Pop art movement aimed to blur the boundaries between “high” art and “low” culture. The concept that there is no hierarchy of culture and that art may borrow from any source has been one of the most influential characteristics of Pop art.
POP ART
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WHAT IS MODERN ISM
Postmodernism is a movement that originated in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. underlying factors that helped to develop modernism was the use of design within modern societies. A notable underlying factor within modernism was the use of experimenting with form along with using a range of techniques. the work created within modernism is creative and combines practical experimentation to create and imporove design work.
“Modernism released us from the constraints of everything that had gone before”. ‘Modernism encouraged the re-examination of existance’ designers would create work and not question what it was they are creating. In the world of art, modernism was the begining of the definition between ‘high’ and ‘low’ end art . Modernism refers to this periods interest in new types of material by expressing feelings and ideas, in creating artwork, rather than representing what is real. This kind of art requires the audience to view the work
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THE SWISS GRID “Perfection is achieved not when there is nothing left to add but when there is nothing left to remove”. Antoine De Saint-Exupéry
The Swiss style initially became famous through sets of extremely talented graphic designers. It emerged in the 1920’s in countries such as Russia, Germany and the Netherlands. the style of work became an international style and established itself around the 1950’s. The radical movement in graphic design portrayed very acute attention to detail, combined with technical skill and precision. aspects of this were also used in there high standard of printing and creative work in inventive typography. the swiss style emerged from the modernist and constructivist ideals. the swiss style was defined for being simplistic and authentic. The underlying principle ‘form follows function’ became the heart of any modernist architecht or designers principle. this was then combined with minimal elements of style such as layout, style, textures and illustrations. A great aspect in swiss design was using a grid system that became a rigid frame to help graphic designers be consistant organized and throrough. The stepping stone to the ideas of using a grid system came from a book called ‘Grid Systems in Graphic Design by Josef Muller-Brockmann’ this book helped to spread the knowledge of the swiss grid throughout. Currently grid systems are a well established and stable tool that is often used by everyday designers. The grids that were used within this style became a way of structuring information, whether it be with images or without. The direct influence between movements such as minimilism and constructivism and also others. With the simple and functional use of funda-
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BAU HAUS
The Bauhaus school of art and design aimed to educate students with knowledge in aspects such as theoretical and practical design. During the schools period of operation they produced design and theories of work that revolutionalised functionality. They defined their approach to theyre work as one of the key influences in the Modernist era. Bauhaus is a dynamic structure of text and visuals on a age or piece of artwork, which then guides the eye of the viewer through information. It uses text, lines, circles and a variation of shapes to create dynamic images that combine many different aspects to create a single visual image.
“Architecture begins where engineering ends�. Walter Gropious
Some of there work then delves into working with architechture, they combined there simplistic functionality with modern building work influencing future designers within there methodologies and practice. Some examples of this below show the uses of simple bold colours combined with solid shapes lines and text. which as said previously all come together to cre-
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CITY IN FLUX
These are two examples of the way in which I layered images that I had taken. The primary images were combined widifferent techniques worked well in being the stepping stone to my final piece that was being created. I took inspiration from artists such as Fabian De Lange and Alexs Gusakov, combining typography with bold colours and imagery the images used were my primary sources that had been taken in and around huddersfield and manchester. The text used I intertwined with the imagery to make the piece of work seem whole and give it depth. In-
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FINAL
CITY IN FLUX
My final pieces consists of combining different aspects of city life, I chose this Idea purely because there are so many different variations and routes that I can go down. I decided to concentrate more on things that are run down and derelict, combining this with areas of the city that are unclean. This was then combined with basic imagery and layering with bold colours, while also taking in techniques from artists looked at throughout the project.things such as text and colours used were thought out. So that they have some sort of effect on the set of posters, using distrupted text and primary pictures helps portay the message of desrtruction decay and dirt.
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IEARTH ARTIFACT
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My earth artifact project came from the initial idea by alexandra zutto, in which he would create small colourful worlds with layering illustrations that all combine together to create something vivid and bold. I started by creating small and simple illustrations which I would then incorporate into my work. the initial ideas came from the aspect of having each country or continent that i was portraying have a visual representation of what makes then tick. for example natural resources monuments, food, and culture a few of these simple examples are diamonds that link in with african trade and also pyramids that link in the african and egyptian tourism.
TyPe
Face The type face created was originally a piece from three different seperate outcomes that I created , it firstly stemmed from the use of an artists image . That was given to me during our session we then hand drew typefaces onto paper in different styles and techniques . The artist used within my work was a gentleman called weingart, i used inspiration from an image that he created.
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I firstly scanned out whatever my stencil was that I was using. My typefaces were all created using Illustrator, combining the use of grids and and free forming to create curves and straightens that were incorporated into my initial drawings.