The
PIONEER
Financial aid policies Under its current financial aid policies, Whitman can reject applicants based on their family’s lack of wealth. As opposed to being “needblind,” this “need-sensitive” position allows the college to evaluate a student’s financial need as part of the process in admitting them. The other key piece to a college’s financial aid policy is the percentage of demonstrated need met. While Whitman has consistently met between 91 and 96 percent of demonstrated need in the
K E Y TER M S Endowment: A large fund built up by a college over several decades. Colleges invest their endowments and use the returns on these investments to cover part of the school’s budget. Whitman’s comparison schools: A group of 12 liberal arts colleges identified by the administration as similar to Whitman in academic profile and student body. Merit-aid: Financial aid awards that only benefit students with no demonstrated financial need. Need-sensitive: A financial aid policy that allows a college to reject applicants based on their family’s lack of wealth. Need-blind: A policy that prevents admissions offices from considering family wealth as a factor in admitting an applicant. Demonstrated need: The amount of financial need an applicant is determined to have, based on the FAFSA and CSS forms filled out by their family. Pell Grant: A federal grant specifically for students with higher levels of financial need.
Whitman’s financial aid awards were almost exclusively needbased. The college had a “needblind” admissions policy, which was retained until 2009.
*
15 32
53
68
82
WHITMAN RHODES
COLORADO COLLEGE KENYON
FRANKLIN AND MARSHALL
52
$149K
104 120 121 137 141 143
Rank
153
Infographic by Baker
past 10 years, the significant majority of the college’s comparison schools meet 100 percent. For the class that entered in 2013, the most recent publicly available data, Whitman met an average of 92.9 percent of student need. Why does Whitman spend so much on merit aid? Whitman gives a greater percentage of its financial aid budget to merit aid than all but one of its peer colleges. In 2013-14, over 17 percent of Whitman’s financial aid went to students who had not demonstrated financial need, while this number was under nine percent for most of its comparison schools. If Whitman were to give a third of its merit aid funding to need-based aid, it could meet 100 percent of need. Unfortunately, solving Whitman’s accessibility problem is not so simple. Tuition from wealthy students who receive merit aid makes up a large portion of Whitman’s budget, and merit aid is often a deciding factor for these students when they select a college. Other liberal arts colleges in Oregon and Washington— including the University of Puget Sound, Willamette and Lewis & Clark— offer large merit packages to attract these same students. According to Dean of Admissions and Financial Aid Tony Cabasco, this competitive aspect, combined with Whitman’s somewhat isolated location, because the college to offer significant merit scholarships to students who don’t qualify for need-based aid. “Our overlap Pacific Northwest colleges give more in merit,” he said. “If we did not need to spend the merit-based aid money to get those students to come, we wouldn’t have to. But that’s where we stand.” Although it continues to spend more than other schools, Whitman
has been lowering the percentage of financial aid going to students without need over the last decade. According to Cabasco, as the college’s reputation and “place in the market” of its peer colleges has risen, fewer wealthy students have needed merit aid to entice them. “How you use merit aid corresponds to your position in the marketplace. Some colleges can draw and enroll students without significant merit aid. Others like Whitman need to use more of that,” he said. “It’s hard to get kids to come to Walla Walla, that’s the reality.” President Kathy Murray, who was previously the Provost and Dean at Macalester College (which ranked much higher on the New York Times list at 52) said that both colleges operate with similar strategies in mind. Where institutions vary is in the amount they award. “Macalester and most of our peers use merit aid in very similar ways, and that’s to increase yield of students who can pay a significant portion of the tuition,” she said. “The dollars that come in from those students help us to be able to fund the students with higher need. It’s the reality of the [college] marketplace at this point.” Merit aid’s gamble: The class of 2019 Does Whitman run the risk of throwing merit awards at students who may not need to be won over? Cabasco said it’s a possibility, and part of the balance his office strives for in making the college accessible. “That’s one of the challenges we have: to make sure we set the proper amounts. You don’t want to spend too much [on merit aid], and you don’t want to spend too little.” This challenge came into focus with the class that entered this fall. Whitman did not raise the amount of-
*Amount Whitman would need to increase spending on needbased financial aid to meet 100% of demonstrated student need.
8
$107K
$173K $142K
UNION COLLEGE
OCCIDENTAL
Rankings from the 2015 College Accesibility Index published by the New York Times
$118K
$300K
DICKINSON
REED
COLBY
$318K
$157K
Whitman’s Financial Aid History: Prior to 1986:
$332K $329K
MACALASTER
$293K
1.2
million
$351K
$341K
CARLETON
$352K
Despite its large endowment Whitman continues to be one of the least economically accessible colleges in the country. Why?
VASSER
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ock bottom. That was Whitman’s place for the second year in a row on the Financial Accessibility Index. The index, which measure how well colleges support low-income students, was published by The New York Times in September. Last year, Whitman came in last of the 100 schools on the list. This time around, it was 153 on an expanded list of 179 schools. Whitman’s endowment is strong and has grown significantly in recent years. So why does the college continue to struggle to provide access to middle- and low-income students? Despite having over 300k dollars in endowment per student, Whitman performed worse than any of its 12 comparison schools. No school below Whitman on the list has over 200k dollars per student, and 88 schools with smaller endowments per student ranked higher than Whitman. While Whitman’s place in the higher education market limits its options, a number of decisions have led it to the point where it is now. Merit aid, direct giving from alumni towards the endowment instead of annual costs and the distribution of spending on financial aid and other costs all play a role.
ROCK BOT TOM DAVIDSON
Editor-in-Chief & Investigative Director
Endowment per Student
by SARAH CORNETT & LACHLAN JOHNSON
ISSUE 8 | Oct 28, 2015 Whitman news since 1896 | Vol. CXXXVII
fered in merit scholarships, unlike many other Pacific Northwest colleges. Harvey and Cabasco believe this is the reason the incoming class fell short of its enrollment goal by 30 students, as wealthy students chose to attend other schools. Though this year’s class has more socioeconomic diversity than previous years with more first-generation and Pell Grant students, the college is currently facing a budget shortfall. As a result, merit aid will likely increase next year, and is unlikely to end in the near future. “We did better in yielding students who had financial need... But [what happened this year] is not sustainable,” said Cabasco, referring to the budget deficit. “You either need to increase revenue or cut expenditures to make it work.” How does percentage of needmet fit in? Cabasco said the college’s current gap would be the first priority if more money was made available to need-based aid. “It would take about 1.2 million dollars, today, to meet the demonstrated need of everyone who is here at Whitman,” he said. “My sense would be, given that our approach has been ‘let’s do a better job of taking care of our students who are already here,’ [we would meet 100 percent of need] before we expand the socioeconomic numbers.” Where are the gifts going? Redistributing funding is not the only way the college could find the funds needed to meet 100 percent of demonstrated. If the college were able to increase its overall income by two percent, it could also reach its goal. Funding comes primarily from three places: program service revenue, the endowment and annual gifts from alumni. Program service revenue includes net tuition, room & board and
Illust
ration
by R
ever
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bookstore profits; in other words, what students and their families pay every year. At Whitman, these costs usually pay for about 78 percent of total expenses, compared to 70 percent of total expenses at schools with similar endowments. Because Whitman has the same policy regarding its endowment as these schools, the difference likely comes from the amount of annual giving. According to John Bogley, Whitman’s Vice President for Development & Alumni Relations, Whitman receives a similar amount in gifts from alumni every year as its comparison schools. It is difficult to determine how each of these schools spends their gifts. However, according to Harvey, other schools generally have two to three times as much unrestricted giving, money that is not donated for a specific purpose and the college can spend however it feels best. While direct statistics are not available, evidence suggests Whitman differs from other schools in that more gifts from alumni tend to go into the endowment or be contributed for specific purposes, and fewer are available for unrestricted use in the year they are given. see FINANCE page 4
Shifts in Whitman’s financial aid policies in the last 30 years have led to a decline in socio-economic diversity.
1986-1991:
The college began meeting 100 percent of student financial need. This significantly increased student economic diversity, and the number of Pell Grant recipients reached 18.5 percent. However, enrollments declined, and the college faced budget shortfalls.
1992:
Whitman began offering merit scholarships, with the goal of increasing enrollment and stabilizing its finances. It also stopped meeting 100 percent of students’ demonstrated need.
The Pioneer closely examined these historic policies shifts and their consequences for an online feature this week. To read it, go to the News section on whitmanpioneer.com.
1992-2009:
Enrollment stabilized, and the academic profile of students increased with the onset of merit aid. However, economic diversity drastically declined. By the mid 2000s, an average of only 10 percent of students received Pell Grants.
2009:
Motivated by the financial crisis, Whitman abandoned its “needblind” financial aid policy and transitioned to “need-sensitive.”
Global Studies on Hold for 2016-2017
by LANE BARTON News Editor
T
he status of Whitman’s Global Studies Initiative in 201617 is uncertain after Interim Provost and Dean of the Faculty Pat Spencer officially announced on Oct. 21 that faculty would not receive course releases for participating in certain parts of the initiative during this time. Some members of the faculty are upset with the proceedings, decrying the clarity and methodology of the decision. They also cite the importance of course releases (which allow faculty to reduce their course load requirements if they are working on other substantial projects) to the func-
tionality of the Initiative and worry this decision could effectively end Global Studies. Conversations between the administration and faculty about the future of Global Studies are still ongoing.
“[Last] Tuesday, we were told that no aspect of the program would be functioning. That kind of unilateralism...defies the codes by which we typically operate at Whitman. ” Professor Elyse Semerdjian Chair, Global Studies Initiative
“I think this situation is going to change dramatically in the next week or two. At the very least, I anticipate many more conversations,” said Professor of Psychology and Chair of the Faculty Melissa Clearfield. The Global Studies Initiative was established in June 2008 after a proposal from faculty earned a 345,000 dollar, three year grant from the Mellon Foundation. The Initiative now exists with support from the college and involves five major aspects: a Global Studies Director, who with a Steering Committee composed of other faculty is responsible for managing funds and programming under the Initiative; a fall faculty development seminar, which includes discus-
sions of globalization from different perspectives; a summer course enhancement workshop put on by faculty who participated in the fall seminar; a spring Global Stud-
“What I am concerned with is the fact that [course releases take] sometimes some of our best faculty out of the classroom.” Pat Spencer
Provost and Dean of the Faculty
ies Symposium open to all of campus; and interdisciplinary courses for students developed by faculty involved with the fall seminar. Currently, both the Director
and participants in the fall seminar are given course releases. According to Spencer, the decision to remove this option for 201617 was done in part to allow the new provost who will be arriving next fall the maximum ability to review the Global Studies Initiative during the impending strategic planning process. “I think it’s important that initiatives that are developed are periodically reviewed. Not to see whether they should continue to exist but to see if there are new directions that we could go, and this is the critical time to do that, I think, with the transition and the new Provost and President, and a new vision for the college,” Spencer said. see GLOBAL STUDIES, page 2
WHAT’S INSIDE THIS ISSUE?
Inside News
A&E
Feature
Opinion
Pio Hour
Protesters attended the Women in Leadership Symposium on Thursday, Oct. 22 to bring awareness to the lack of women of color.
Whitman art students celebrated Latino history with the annual Dia de los Muertos celebration at Gesa Powerhouse Theatre.
Whitman’s trapshooting club challenges gun stereotypes on campus.
Professors Jennifer Cohen (Economics) and Lisa Uddin (Art History and Visual Culture) chime in on the Global Studies controvery.
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Host Julio Escarce interviews Semester in the West students about their final podcast projects and discusses research with anthropology professor Jason Pribilsky. MONDAYS, 10-11 A.M.
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