Chapter 2 Climate Change Effect In the second chapter, after explained the climate changes in the general knowledge, the author focusses on the climate change affects which is acceleration of rising sea level information. Through this chapter, there will be several part to explain it in more specific aspects, i.e. what are the causes of sea level rise, how and what are the effect, where it is more noticeable around the world, how much the increase has been over past 100 years or so, and why the flood hazard become one of the biggest effect in the world. •
The Causes of Sea Level Rise The issue of climate change began because of the human activities impacts has prompted different results fundamentally, including the global sea level rise. Based on the information by IPCC (2007), the global sea level rise factor shows a geographical variety due to several variables containing the conveyances of transforms in sea circulation, salinity, warmth, and winds. The two main contributions are water mass commerce in steric impacts and continents, regulated by local to worldwide degree. Moreover, in Lombard et al. (2005), Church et al. (2008), and Luu et al. (2015) report, they mentioned that the El Nino Southern Oscillation and Pacific Decadal Oscillation are the ocean dissemination varieties example. The level of sea does not rise consistently and uniformly, and it is ascending in all sea basins (Legeais et al., 2018). The urban’s GHG substance discharges are becoming the main causes of sea level improvement acceleration (Slangen et al., 2016). Several previous researchers report from England et al., Hamlington et al., and McGregor et al. in 2014, observed that in the Pacific Decadal Oscillation signal estimation, the warmth of Atlantic and Indian Oceans improved winds exchange and these improvement to the heightened ocean level ascent in the west of Pacific Oceans. More than the twentieth century, the contributions from ground water utilization, supply stockpiling, and fast ice sheet mass transformation are not assumed by coupled atmosphere models and evaluated from perceptions. Moreover, Oppenheimer et al. in 2019 argued that the aggregate taking everything into account, containing the researcher contributions, gives a demonstrated gauge of that the level of sea changes which can be appeared differently in relation from tide-measure records and satellite altimetry documents. 7
