Design Review Guidelines

Executive Summary

The purpose of the Design Review Guidelines is to communicate the established rules and processes for architectural changes in the City of Williamsburg. While some situations require interpretation and judgement by the Architectural Review Board, these Guidelines provide a measure of predictability to ensure that decisions are objective and consistent for building and sign projects in the Architectural Preservation Districts and Corridor Protection Districts. In these Design Review Guidelines, the Architectural Review Board has transcribed the design review and community preservation goals which have evolved into a clear, concise, and usable format.

The 1989 Comprehensive Plan and the 1991 Zoning Ordinance recommended the creation of an Architectural Review Board and Design Review Guidelines for the Architectural Review Board. The guidelines follow the Architectural Review Article of the 1991 Zoning Ordinance and subsequent amendments to enhance the quality of life for all by preserving the City’s character and desirable aesthetic features, ensuring that new development is compatible. The special character-defining features of the City were identified schematically in the Comprehensive Plan and specifically in 1992 with an architectural survey report. The 2013 Comprehensive Plan recommended that the inventory and assessment be updated to include 50 years old or older buildings since the last survey in 1992. The 2021 update has listed all buildings by neighborhood and whether those buildings are contributing or noncontributing to the neighborhood.

Buildings and neighborhoods listed on or eligible for the National Register of Historic Places and other contributing and noncontributing buildings are designated by neighborhood in Chapter 4. These neighborhood lists contain buildings from the 1992 survey performed by Frazier and Associates and recent staff updates identifying contributing and noncontributing buildings in the City. Based on National Register criteria, Frazier and Associates recommended potential individual buildings and neighborhoods that would qualify as historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places. The purpose of the inventory of buildings and neighborhoods listed on or eligible for the National Register of Historic Places is not to mandate preservation and protection of the listed property. Rather, the list alerts the Architectural Review Board to the fact that the property has some significance in defining the City’s character by representing architectural styles and cultural periods from the City’s past, and, in specifically, that the property contributes to the character of the neighborhood and surrounding area. When the Architectural Review Board reviews development proposals for the site of a listed property or property in the vicinity of a listed property, the Architectural Review Board considers the character of the property, the role it plays in the surrounding area, and the value of preservation of the resource. It weighs it against the current state of the property and the surrounding area and the proposal for alteration or redevelopment of the site. If the property in its current state has lost much of the integrity which made it significant or contributory, and if the proposed new development would improve the character of the surrounding area, the Architectural Review Board may decide that alteration

Design Review Guidelines - Chapter 1 - Executive Summary: Purpose & History Page 1

Chapter 1 - Executive Summary: Purpose & History

or redevelopment of the site is appropriate and perhaps preferable to retaining the building in its present state or a restored state. Another purpose of the Listing is to alert the Architectural Review Board that when it determines that a listed property cannot be retained in the face of present development patterns, it should be documented before removal or dramatic alteration.

As recommended by the Comprehensive Plan, the guidelines are compatible with the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation and Guidelines for Rehabilitating Historic Buildings and follow the precedent set by the State and other communities which use the Secretary’s Standards as the basis for their preservation programs and local design review guidelines.

History of Design Review in the County, Virginia, and Williamsburg

The first comprehensive preservation ordinance in the Country was enacted in Charleston, South Carolina, in 1931. On the federal level, Congress passed the Historic Sites Act in 1935, advocating historic preservation as a national policy for federal agencies. The current national preservation program was enacted into law as the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, with subsequent amendments. The first preservation law in Virginia was enacted by the City of Alexandria in 1946. Virginia State enabling legislation for historic preservation was enacted in 1950, with subsequent amendments.

The City of Williamsburg first adopted a preservation ordinance in 1947 when the Colonial Williamsburg Historic Area was adopted as an overlay zoning district, requiring all reconstruction projects and land uses to be reviewed by the Board of Zoning Appeals on a case-by-case basis. In 1958, the City adopted a comprehensive architectural review ordinance for the entire City, establishing Williamsburg’s first architectural review board, the Board of Architectural Consultants. The 1991 Zoning Ordinance was amended to reflect State Code requirements for architectural review. A comprehensive set of design guidelines was adopted with Architectural Review Districts and Corridor Protection District to bring the City into compliance with State regulations for architectural preservation and review.

According to the Virginia Department of Historic Resources, by 1957, approximately 11 communities in the Country had enacted preservation ordinances. With ordinances dating from 1947 and 1958, the City of Williamsburg was among the first three localities in Virginia, with Alexandria and Richmond, and one of the earliest communities in the country to adopt a comprehensive architectural review ordinance to promote historical preservation and general welfare.

There are over 70 architectural review boards and hundreds of buildings and sites on the Virginia Landmarks Register (VLR) and National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) districts in Virginia. The perception that location in architectural review districts decreases property values, espoused by some property owners, is refuted by the experience of Alexandria, Fredericksburg, and Richmond. Historic districts around Virginia

attract tourism, property owners, and reinvestment tax income to the host community. When a community becomes a more attractive place to visit, live and conduct business, the value of the real property rises, and the quality of life is enhanced. Designating architectural review districts ensures that the community’s special character is preserved and enhanced. The City of Williamsburg supports the efforts of the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation to create and maintain an ideal environment for the Historic Area and reinforces a commitment to attract and retain visitors, residents, and businesses.

Approval of New Materials

The Architectural Review Board will continue to review new materials regularly and may approve them for use on a caseby-case basis. New materials may be presented to the Board during any regular meeting and should include a sample of the material and the manufacturer’s specifications for the material. If the Board determines the Design Review Guidelines should be amended to include the new material, the Board may initiate an amendment to the Guidelines in accordance with Article IX, Architectural Review, Sec. 21-853(h), of the Zoning Ordinance.

Aesthetic Objectives

The guiding principle behind the Design Review Guidelines is to enhance the quality of life for all residents and visitors to the city by preserving the community’s character and desirable aesthetic features. To ensure that this character is preserved, it is necessary to protect significant features from destruction and ensure that new projects in the city do not detract from the identifiable character of the community. New construction projects and substantial renovation projects should respect the scale, materials, massing, and setbacks of neighboring buildings and the overall streetscape. New construction should preserve and enhance the natural features present on the project site and along the street. Signs and awnings should be designed to enhance the property’s visual image and complement the street’s existing conditions.

Architectural Preservation Districts

Design review within Architectural Preservation Districts is intended to protect buildings from inappropriate renovations, to create an atmosphere for compatible future growth, to prevent the intrusion of adverse environmental influences, and to assure that new buildings and uses will be in keeping with the character of the various older neighborhoods within the Architectural Preservation Districts. In particular, they intend to protect the integrity of the Colonial Williamsburg Historic Area and avoid the confusion and dilution caused by the construction of buildings within a quarter-mile of the Historic Area boundaries, which replicate the eighteenth-century buildings in the Historic Area.

New construction should be compatible with other buildings in the district and should not imitate existing buildings. Welldesigned buildings that respect the scale and character of existing buildings but in a modern idiom can be successful infill projects in older neighborhoods. Additionally, new construction projects should be designed for the specific siting within the City of Williamsburg. They should avoid designs that exemplify a company’s corporate design image without regard for the project setting.

Corridor Protection Districts

Design review within the Corridor Protection Districts is intended to protect and enhance the aesthetics of the Architectural Preservation Districts, including the Colonial Williamsburg Historic Area, by ensuring that the city’s major access routes are developed and maintained in a harmonious and compatible manner. The intent is to encourage the improvement of these major entrance corridors’ visual character, prevent the intrusion of adverse environmental influences, and create an atmosphere for compatible future growth. New construction designs must be of the highest quality in design and materials and reflect the unique character of Williamsburg.

Inventory of Architectural Styles

The following section identifies the prevalent older architectural styles found in the city that date after the Colonial Period and describes the architectural elements that characterize each style. When proposing a change to a building in Architectural Preservation Districts, the applicant should consider this stylistic information to ensure that the new design is sympathetic to the existing building’s architectural characteristics.

Queen Anne Style

The oldest surviving non-colonial architectural buildings in Williamsburg are a few late 19th-century Victorian houses in Peacock Hill and the Colonial Extension subdivision. The exceptions are two antebellum mansions and a few vernacular

houses from the early-to-late 19th century. The Victorian houses exhibit the characteristics of the “free classic adaptation” substyle of the Queen Ann Style. The houses are generally twostory frame houses with cross-side gables, wide porches, and simple classical or restrained Queen Anne decorative details. A few houses along Scotland Street and North Henry Street exhibit more elaborate decorative details along the eaves and through contrasting siding materials.

• ROOF: Hipped with lower cross gables (usually with a dominant front-facing gable, side gables, and sometimes a corner tower), Full-width front gable, Cross gables only, or Hipped with large front-facing gabled dormer; slate or tin shingles; classical cornice and pediment gables.

• SIDING: Weatherboards with shingles at the upper story or gables, or sometimes mock half-timbering in gables, weatherboards only.

• WINDOWS: Two-over-two, one-over-one, or sometimes six-over-six or crescent or Palladian gable windows and shutters.

• DOOR: Glazed or six-panel with sidelights and/or transom.

• COLORS: Muted earth tones with contrasting trim and decorative details.

• PORCH: Full width, or wrap-around, deep porch with small, gabled pediment over steps and classical, carpenter gothic, or spindled details.

Lawson House (1907, R-2007) 411 Scotland Street

Bungalow

Johnson House (1926,90)

500 Capitol Landing Road

A substantial collection of early 20th-century Bungalows is located along Capitol Landing Road, the eastern portion of the West Williamsburg subdivision, Braxton Court, in the area around Jamestown Road and Griffin Avenue and scattered about in other neighborhoods surrounding the Historic Area. These low, one-and-one-half-story narrow houses were sided with wood shingles or weatherboards, have low gable, hip or hipped gable roofs, wide overhangs, and exposed roof rafter tails along the eaves, and deep porches across the façade. Most of these survivors have lost original decorative siding and window details, but a few good examples remain on Capitol Landing Road and Richmond Road.

• ROOF: Low side gables with a shed or gable dormer in front, Front gable without dormer, or Hip with hipped gable dormer in front; wide roof overhangs along with eaves and over the gables; exposed roof rafter tails; wood or asphalt shingles.

• SIDING: Shingles or weatherboards.

• WINDOWS: Six-over-one, one-over-one.

• DOOR: Glazed.

• COLORS: Muted earth tones with white trim and rafter tails.

• PORCH: Full-width deep porch inset under a roof or attached gable or hip-roof porch; supported by simple square columns on piers.

Chapter 3 - Inventory of Architectural Styles

American Foursquare

A smaller collection of early 20th-century American Foursquare houses have survived and are located in Peacock Hill, the area to the west of Peacock Hill along Richmond Road and Armistead Avenue, the Colonial Extensions subdivision, and along the upper portion of Jamestown Road. These boxy, twostory frame or masonry houses have hip or occasionally gable roofs, are sided with shingles and/or weatherboards, have wide porches, and are two, three, or four bays wide, often have a small dormer on each hip roof facade.

Bull House (1920) 199 Armistead Avenue

• ROOF: Hip with a hipped-gable dormer in front or on all sides: interior chimneys with occasionally one central interior chimney at the peak of the hip roof; tin or slate shingles.

Willie Baker House (1915, R-1929) 529 Tyler Street

• SIDING: Weatherboards, or weatherboards with shingles above a belt course on the upper story.

• WINDOWS: Six-over-one, one-over-one.

• DOORS: Glazed.

• COLORS: Muted earth tone, with lighter trim or pale “colonial” colors.

• PORCH: Attached full-width porch with a hipped roof supported by square columns or square columns on piers.

Chapter 3 - Inventory of Architectural Styles

Colonial Revival

Most of the surviving older architectural structures outside the Colonial Williamsburg Historic Area are Colonial Revival houses. This popular style began to appear in the city’s outlying neighborhoods at the turn-of-the-century and gained popularity in the late 1920s and 1930s and the post-World War II era. Colonial Revival houses in Williamsburg have four basic forms:

• one-and-one-half story multi-dormered gambrel (Virginia Gambrel),

• one-and-one-half story full-dormered gambrel (Dutch Colonial Revival),

• two-story gable, and

• one-story and half-story multi-dormered gable.

The earliest examples of the “Two-story gable,” “Dutch Colonial Revival,” gambrel, and “Virginia Gambrel” houses reflect the influence of national building trends and the builders’ guides and catalogs of local builders. These houses have an abundance of classical architectural details, i.e., Palladian windows, dentil or modillion cornices, columns and pediments, sidelights and fanlights around doorways, and casement windows. Examples of this form can be seen in West Williamsburg Heights, College Terrace, Richmond Road, Jamestown Road, Chandler Court, Pollard Park, Indian Springs, Burns Lane, and Capitol Landing Road.

Two-Story Gable Style – 1900 to 1940s

Jerome H Casey House (1929)

711 Richmond Road

• ROOF: Gable or Hipped roof; classical cornice, slate, or asphalt shingles.

• SIDING: Weatherboards or brick.

• WINDOWS: Six-over-six, eight-over-eight, six-over-one, eight-over-one, classical proportions: Palladian accents and/or paired arcs in side gables; shutters.

• DOOR: Six-panel; classical door-surrounds; sidelights and/or fanlights.

• COLOR: White or pale “colonial” colors with dark shutters.

• PORCH: Gable pediment hood or portico over stoop; side enclosed sun-room and/or side porch.

Dutch Colonial Style – 1920’s to 1930s

• ROOF: Over-hanging gambrel with full-width shed dormer in front; slate shingles.

• SIDING: Brick, weatherboards, or sometimes shingles.

• WINDOWS: Six-over-six; eight-over-eight; six-over-one; eight-over-one; classical proportions; shutters.

• DOOR: Six-panel; classical door-surround; sidelights and/or fanlight.

• COLOR: All white, dark shutters and roof, or pale “colonial” colors.

• PORCH: Arched or gable pediment hood, portico, or fullwidth porch inset under the roof, or attached with a shed roof.

Harris House (1931, 10) 605 College Terrace

George Rollo House (1922) 501 Newport Avenue

Virginia Gambrel Colonial Revival Style – 1930’s to 1940s

• ROOF: Over-hanging gambrel; two, three, or four dormered windows in line with the front fall of the house; end chimneys; slate shingles.

• SIDING: Brick, weatherboards, or sometimes shingles.

• WINDOWS: Weatherboards; brick end walls, occasionally.

• DOOR: Six-panel; classical door-surround; transom, occasionally.

• COLOR: All white, dark shutters, and roof.

• PORCH: None.

Sheldon House (1959)

614 College Terrace

Smith House (1940)

608 Pollard Park

Chapter 3 - Inventory of Architectural Styles

Later, Colonial Revival houses of the Post-World War II era have simpler forms and fewer architectural details. The most prevalent form of this period is the “One-and One-Half-Story Gable.” The largest concentrations of this form can be seen in Pinecrest and the West Williamsburg Subdivisions.

One-Story and Half-Story Gable

• ROOF: One-and-one-half-story gable with two gable dormers in front; classical cornice; end chimneys on more stylized examples; slate or asphalt shingles.

• SIDING: Weatherboards or shingles; occasionally brick end walls.

• WINDOWS: Six-over-six; six-over-one; shutters.

• DOOR: Six-panel; classical door-surround and sometimes transom.

• COLOR: White or pale “colonial” colors with dark shutters.

• PORCH: Occasionally, gable pediment hood over the stoop.

Chapter 3 - Inventory of Architectural Styles

More recent Colonial Revival houses have directly imitated buildings and features found in the Colonial Williamsburg Historic Area or exhibit more of a Georgian Revival style appearance. Examples of the Georgian Revival styles are evident in Yorkshire and The Woods Subdivision, outside the Architectural Preservation Districts, and examples of both the Historic Area imitations and the Georgian Revival style appear throughout the city as infill and older neighborhoods.

Vernacular

An often-overlooked collection of architectural structures is the late 19th-century and early 20th-century Vernacular houses that exist as isolated rural houses and are prevalent in surviving historic African-American and working-class neighborhoods in the city. Surviving examples within the Architectural Preservation Districts can be found in Braxton Court, in the area west of Peacock Hill, at the western end of the West Williamsburg subdivision, along South Henry Street, and scattered about the outlying areas of the old City. These small, simple frame houses appear in a wide variety of forms, from elegant little shotguntype bungalows and cross-gable houses to awkward two-story gable houses to simple, functional, additive-form houses.

Skillman House (1900, R-1950) 110 Brooks Street

Frank Powell House (1840-69) 520 Jamestown Road

Chapter 3 - Inventory of Architectural Styles

The most recent variety of modern houses found in the developing subdivision at Port Anne might be called ABSTRACT HISTORICAL ECLECTIC. These houses are asymmetrical, multi-volume forms sheathed in a multitude of abstracted historical motifs but borrowing mainly from the Colonial Revival and Queen Anne traditions.

Auburn House (2012) – 1 Corbin Close

Neighborhoods in AP Districts

The properties listed on the following pages include all of the City of Williamsburg’s recognized neighborhoods in the AP-1, AP-2, and AP-3 Architectural Preservation Districts. Each neighborhood has been described with its important characteristics and a complete list of the properties in that neighborhood. The tables identify: the address of the property; the year of construction; the architectural style; the name of the property; contributing and noncontributing structures; and National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) and/or Virginia Landmarks Registry (VLR) status.

“The National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) is the official list of the Nation's historic places worthy of preservation. Authorized by the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, the National Park Service's National Register of Historic Places is part of a national program to coordinate and support public and private efforts to identify, evaluate, and protect America's historic and archaeological resources.”

- National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Website.

The Virginia Landmarks Register (VLR) was created in 1965 by the General Assembly in the Code of Virginia. It is the Commonwealth’s official list of places of historic, architectural, archaeological and/or cultural significance. VLR is managed by the Department of Historic Resources staff on behalf of the Virginia Board of Historic Resources and is designed to educate

the public about the significance of listed places. The VLR has the same criteria and nomination process as the National Register of Historic Places. - Virginia Department of Historic Resources, Historic Registries Website.

In some instances, properties identified as part of a city recognized neighborhood may not be a part of an NRHP or VLR designation of the same name.

The term contributing refers to a building, site, structure or object that adds to the historic associations, historic architectural qualities, or archeological values for which a property is significant because 1) it was present during the period of significance, relates to the documentary significance of the property, and possesses historic integrity or is capable of yielding important information about the period; or 2) it independently meets the National Register criteria. The term non-contributing refers to a building, site, structure or object that does not add to the historic architectural qualities, historic associations, or architectural values for which a property is significant because; 1) it was not present during the period of significance or does not relate to the documented significance of the property; or 2) due to alterations, disturbances, additions, or other changes, it no longer possesses historic integrity or is capable of yielding important information about the period; or, 3) it does not independently meet the National Register criteria.

Properties identified as contributing shall be maintained in the manner prescribed for existing buildings in the Architectural Review District in which they are located. For

properties identified as non-contributing, the Architectural Review Board may consider the use of materials allowed for new construction.

Property owners may petition the Architectural Review Board to amend the contributing or non-contributing status of a property. The property owner must provide evidence that the architectural integrity of a structure has been so altered (removal of windows, doors, and siding) that its status does not qualify as contributing. This decision is at the discretion of the Board. Appeals of the Architectural Review Board’s decision are heard by City Council. All appeals must be made within 30 days of the Board’s decision date.

&

Boundary, Cary, Griffin, and Newport Neighborhood (Eligible for the National Register)

The Boundary, Cary, Griffin, and Newport Subdivision was platted in phases over the years. It contains a mixture of Colonial Revival, Georgian Revival, foursquare, bungalow, ranch, and vernacular buildings.

The period of significance is between 1920 and 1960. This neighborhood contains 71 contributing buildings and 40 noncontributing buildings and is eligible for the National Register.

CHAPTER 4 - NEIGHBORHOODS IN AP DISTRICTS: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

Boundary, Cary, Griffin, and Newport Neighborhood (Eligible for the National Register)

Design Review Guidelines - Chapter 4 - Neighborhoods in AP Districts: Contributing & NonContributing Charts Page 4

CHAPTER 4 - NEIGHBORHOODS IN AP DISTRICTS: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

Boundary, Cary, Griffin, and Newport Neighborhood (Eligible for the National Register)

Design Review Guidelines - Chapter 4 - Neighborhoods in AP Districts: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

CHAPTER 4 - NEIGHBORHOODS IN AP DISTRICTS: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

Braxton Court Neighborhood (Eligible for the National Register)

The Braxton Court neighborhood was platted in 1928 to provide housing for African Americans displaced by Colonial Williamsburg’s restoration. Robert Henry Braxton, a local builder, built homes with African-American carpenters and apprentices from Hampton Institute.

The neighborhood period of significance dates from 1920 to 1954, when the last historic residential building was constructed. This neighborhood is significant because it is one of the early 20th-century neighborhoods developed and established by African Americans. It includes a variety of styles from bungalows, Colonial Revival, cap cod, cottage, and vernacular designs. Braxton Court contains 18 contributing buildings and six non-contributing buildings and is eligible for the National Register.

104 Braxton Court

106 Braxton Court

110 Braxton Court

CHAPTER 4 - NEIGHBORHOODS IN AP DISTRICTS: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

Braxton Court Neighborhood (Eligible for the National Register)

Design Review Guidelines - Chapter 4 - Neighborhoods in AP Districts: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

CHAPTER 4 - NEIGHBORHOODS IN AP DISTRICTS: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

Burns Lane Neighborhood (Eligible for the National Register)

The Burns Lane Subdivision was platted in phases from 1929 to 1946. The neighborhood contains a variety of styles, including Colonial, Colonial Revival, vernacular, and modernism designs.

The period of significance ranges from the relocated Bel-Meade constructed in 1774 to 1960. Burns Lane contains 37 contributing buildings and 21 non-contributing buildings and is eligible for the National Register.

706 Powell Street

701 Powell Street

710 Powell Street

CHAPTER 4 - NEIGHBORHOODS IN AP DISTRICTS: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

Burns Lane Neighborhood (Eligible for the National Register)

Design Review Guidelines - Chapter 4 - Neighborhoods in AP Districts: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

CHAPTER 4 - NEIGHBORHOODS IN AP DISTRICTS: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

Burns Lane Neighborhood (Eligible for the National Register)

Design Review Guidelines - Chapter 4 - Neighborhoods in AP Districts: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

CHAPTER 4 - NEIGHBORHOODS IN AP DISTRICTS: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

Capitol Court Neighborhood

(Eligible for the National Register)

The Capitol Court Subdivision was platted in 1950. The neighborhood contains Colonial Revival, ranch, and vernacular designs. Capitol Court includes five contributing and four non-contributing buildings.

505 Capitol Court

504 Capitol Court

CHAPTER 4 - NEIGHBORHOODS IN AP DISTRICTS: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

Capitol Court Neighborhood (Eligible for the National Register)

Design Review Guidelines - Chapter 4 - Neighborhoods in AP Districts: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

CHAPTER 4 - NEIGHBORHOODS IN AP DISTRICTS: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

Capitol Heights Neighborhood (Eligible for the National Register)

The Capitol Heights Subdivision was platted in 1916 and contains simple builder houses in varying styles. It includes bungalows, Colonial Revival, Tudor Revival, a log home, and vernacular designs.

The period of significance ranges from 1916 to the 1950s. Capitol Heights contains 49 contributing and 46 noncontributing buildings.

117 Adams Street

603 Capitol Landing Road

110 Jefferson Street

CHAPTER 4 - NEIGHBORHOODS IN AP DISTRICTS: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

Capitol Heights Neighborhood (Eligible for the National Register)

Design Review Guidelines - Chapter 4 - Neighborhoods in AP Districts: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

Capitol Heights Neighborhood (Eligible for the National Register)

CHAPTER 4 - NEIGHBORHOODS IN AP DISTRICTS: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

Capitol Landing Green Neighborhood

(Two dwellings eligible for the National Register)

The Capitol Landing Green Subdivision was platted in 2008 as a planned development neighborhood. The neighborhood was designed to respect the neighborhood’s scale, density, character and preserve two existing historic dwellings constructed before 1900 while adding 14 additional homes.

The period of significance for the two historic dwellings is the late 1800s. Capitol Landing Green contains two of the oldest dwellings outside of the Historic Area in the City, which are contributing, and 20 non-contributing buildings.

CHAPTER

4

- NEIGHBORHOODS IN AP DISTRICTS: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

Capitol Landing Green Neighborhood (Two dwellings eligible for the National Register)

Design Review Guidelines - Chapter 4 - Neighborhoods in AP Districts: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

CHAPTER 4 - NEIGHBORHOODS IN AP DISTRICTS: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

Chandler Court Neighborhood (Listed on National Register Neighborhood)

The Chandler Court neighborhood was developed by John Garland Pollard, who purchased several properties to reconceptualize lots in this area into Chandler Court, which was platted in 1925. Chandler Court is unique in that John Pollard created lots that were not rectilinear with a diagonal street (Chandler Court) from Jamestown Road to Wythe Lane with a horseshoe cul-de-sac.

A perpetual lawn was built in the middle with brick sidewalks. John Pollard later became Mayor of Williamsburg, who understood the importance of city planning and was elected governor of Virginia in 1929 and served until 1934. Chandler Court contains excellent examples of Colonial Revival, Dutch Colonial Revival buildings. The period of significance for this neighborhood is from 1918 to 1940. Chandler Court includes 15 buildings, a park, and an entrance feature (brick columns adjacent to Jamestown Road) that contribute to the district with nine non-contributing buildings.

129 Chandler Court

119 Chandler Court

123 Chandler Court

CHAPTER

4

- NEIGHBORHOODS IN AP DISTRICTS: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

Chandler Court Neighborhood

(Listed on National Register Neighborhood)

Design Review Guidelines - Chapter 4 - Neighborhoods in AP Districts: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

CHAPTER 4 - NEIGHBORHOODS IN AP DISTRICTS: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

College Terrace Neighborhood (Listed National Register Neighborhood)

The College Terrace Subdivision was platted in 1928 by Virginia architect Charles M. Robinson, who was William and Mary’s architect. The original plat included 38 lots in a rectangular grid pattern bounded by Brooks Street, Richmond Road, Harrison Avenue, and William and Mary. The College Terrace Historic District is significant because of its association with prominent Virginia architect Charles M. Robinson, the physical expansion of William and Mary to house faculty and staff, and its collection of Colonial, Georgian Revival, and Dutch Revival architecture.

The historic district period of significance dates from 1928 to 1960, when the last historic residential building was constructed. The historic district consists of 33 residential buildings built between 1929 to 2015, including 26 contributing and seven non-contributing buildings. Overall, the district contains 42 contributing buildings and 20 non-contributing buildings. The city neighborhood also includes six structures on Brooks Street that are not located in the College Terrace Historic District. Of these buildings, one is a historic structure built in 1900, with the other five buildings being non-contributing structures. Below is the list of the dwellings and outbuildings in this neighborhood and their status of contributing or noncontributing to the neighborhood.

College Terrace Neighborhood

(Listed National Register Neighborhood)

CHAPTER 4 - NEIGHBORHOODS IN AP DISTRICTS: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

Colonial Extension Neighborhood (Eligible for National Register)

The Colonial Extension Subdivision was developed following the extension of South England Street. The Colonial Extension Company, Inc. purchased the 299-acre Tazewell Hall property in 1906, and the original subdivision plat had one street parallel to South England Street to the west (Colonial Street, later renamed Tyler Street), five cross streets (Tazewell Hall Avenue, later renamed Newport Avenue, Williamsburg Avenue, Pocahontas Avenue, Powhatan Avenue, and Park Avenue) and a park at the southern end of the subdivision.

A few small, vernacular, and builder-catalog style houses from this early 1910 development era survive. Much of the area below Williamsburg Avenue developed with small Colonial Revival-style houses in the 1930s and 1940s. Two eighteenthcentury houses were relocated to this subdivision from the Historic Area the Powell-Hallam House at 410 Tyler Street and the James Galt Cottage at 420 Tyler Street. Colonial Extension contains 29 contributing and 26 non-contributing structures. 420

CHAPTER 4 - NEIGHBORHOODS IN AP DISTRICTS: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

Colonial Extension Neighborhood (Eligible for National Register)

Design Review Guidelines - Chapter 4 - Neighborhoods in AP Districts: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

CHAPTER 4 - NEIGHBORHOODS IN AP DISTRICTS: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

Crispus Attucks Neighborhood (Not Eligible for the National Register)

Crispus Attucks Subdivision was platted in 19** into 19 lots by the Williamsburg Housing and Redevelopment Authority for African-Americans displaced by the redevelopment of the Triangle Block. The neighborhood contains a ranch, a split level, and two Colonial Revival dwellings.

There is one Colonial Revival building relocated from South Boundary Street to the neighborhood in 1998, a 1930’s building. The period of significance for this neighborhood is 1975 to 1980, with 24 buildings in the neighborhood.

418 Harriet Tubman Drive

408 Harriet Tubman Drive

CHAPTER 4 - NEIGHBORHOODS IN AP DISTRICTS: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

Crispus Attucks Neighborhood (Not Eligible for the National Register)

Design Review Guidelines - Chapter 4 - Neighborhoods in AP Districts: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

CHAPTER 4 - NEIGHBORHOODS IN AP DISTRICTS: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

Downtown Neighborhood (Portions Listed, and Eligible for National Register and portions Not Eligible)

The Downtown Neighborhood contains the Merchant’s Square and Resorts Historic District, a significant development of commercial properties built between 1928 and 1968. In 1929 John D. Rockefeller, Jr. and his planners decided to locate the commercial area at the west end of the Duke of Gloucester Street. The team of Perry, Shaw and Hepburn architects and others developed seven buildings designed to equal the details and craftsmanship to those buildings in the Historic Area. The architects used post-Revolutionary buildings for inspiration, varied setbacks with inspiration coming from Virginia and the Mid-Atlantic States and England for most shop fronts. It is worth noting that the south block of Duke of Gloucester Street followed the north block of the street. The architects used setbacks, massing, roof forms, and materials to break up the new buildings. In 1932 the area contained a

grocery, drugstore, restaurant, and theater. It is noted in the National Register that “the same primary materials and forms persist in both areas - painted and unpainted brick, painted wood, hipped, gambrel, and gable roofs with slate, clay tile, or cement shingles, and masonry paving - resulting in a picturesque assemblage of structures designed to support the visitor’s experience in the Historic Area.” Within this district, there are 23 contributing and four non-contributing buildings and four contributing sites. It worth noting the following from the national register report “the Merchants Square and Resort District contains an unparalleled series of buildings constructed adjacent to the country’s largest open-air history museum. These were designed by a spectrum of well-known architects, including Colonial Williamsburg Foundation staff. Most of the buildings date between 1929 and 1966, although there are some important later additions, including the Regency Dining Room at the Inn and Quinlan Terry’s buildings for Merchants Square. They represent a varied but coherent effort, over the decades, to construct buildings with a distinctive character that represents the variety the adjoining Historic Area, ongly influenced by 18th and 19th-century vernacular buildings, especially Chesapeake region, and turn, have been influential, within and beyond Commonwealth.”

CHAPTER 4 - NEIGHBORHOODS IN AP DISTRICTS: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

Downtown Neighborhood

(Portions Listed, and Eligible for National Register and portions Not Eligible)

Design Review Guidelines - Chapter 4 - Neighborhoods in AP Districts: Contributing & NonContributing Charts Page 27

CHAPTER 4 - NEIGHBORHOODS IN AP DISTRICTS: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

Downtown Neighborhood - Peacock Hill & North of Duke of Gloucester Street

(Portions listed, and Eligible for National Register and portions Not Eligible)

Peacock Hill is a residential area that developed north of Merchants Square with the railroad’s advent in the 1880s. The land between Scotland Street and the railroad was subdivided from the Wheatland Farm by R. S. Henley in 1894 and was known as the Northington tract. Henley and later Francis O’Keefe, the father of artist Georgia O’Keefe, further subdivided the Northington tract throughout the late 1890s and early 1900s. The area south of Scotland Street developed in the early 1900s. Fashionable Vernacular Victorian and Queen

212 North Henry Street

Anne style houses were built in this area, with more modest houses constructed in the Buttermilk Hill area around the corner of Prince George Street and Nassau Street. From this turn-of-the century era, only 14 houses remain. This neighborhood also includes the Dora Armistead house list on the National register in 2020 and the First Baptist Church listed on the National Registry in 2017.

402 Scotland Street

727 Scotland Street

CHAPTER

4

- NEIGHBORHOODS IN AP DISTRICTS: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

Downtown Neighborhood - Peacock Hill & North of Duke of Gloucester Street (Portions listed, and Eligible for National Register and portions Not Eligible)

CHAPTER

4

- NEIGHBORHOODS IN AP DISTRICTS: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

Downtown Neighborhood - Peacock Hill & North of Duke of Gloucester Street (Portions Listed, and Eligible for National Register and portions Not Eligible)

Design Review Guidelines - Chapter 4 - Neighborhoods in AP Districts: Contributing & NonContributing Charts Page 30

CHAPTER

4

- NEIGHBORHOODS IN AP DISTRICTS: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

Downtown Neighborhood - Peacock Hill & North of Duke of Gloucester Street

(Portions Listed, and Eligible for National Register and portions Not Eligible)

Design Review Guidelines - Chapter 4 - Neighborhoods in AP Districts: Contributing & NonContributing Charts Page 31

CHAPTER 4 - NEIGHBORHOODS IN AP DISTRICTS: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

Downtown Neighborhood - South of Duke of Gloucester Street

(Portions Listed, and Eligible for National Register and portions Not Eligible)

The Downtown Neighborhood South of Duke of Gloucester Street is a transnational area of commercial buildings and newer residential construction. This area contains two contributing structures and 13 noncontributing structures.

302 South Henry Street

434 Ireland Street

426 Ireland Street

CHAPTER 4 - NEIGHBORHOODS IN AP DISTRICTS: Contributing &

NonContributing Charts

Downtown Neighborhood - South of Duke of Gloucester Street (Portions Listed, and Eligible for National Register and portions Not Eligible)

Design Review Guidelines - Chapter 4 - Neighborhoods in AP Districts: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

CHAPTER 4 - NEIGHBORHOODS IN AP DISTRICTS: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

Historic Area Neighborhood (Listed on National Register)

The Historic Area Neighborhood is comprised of the 18th century capital of Colonial Virginia, restored since 1927 under the auspices of John D. Rockefeller, Jr., involving the restoration

of some 100 buildings and the reconstruction of approximately 350 more. Mostly owned and administered by Colonial Williamsburg, Inc., with some private ownerships.

Bruton Parrish Church

Lightfoot House

John Blair Kitchen & Smokehouse

CHAPTER 4 - NEIGHBORHOODS IN AP DISTRICTS: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

Historic Area Neighborhood (Listed on National Register)

Design Review Guidelines - Chapter 4 - Neighborhoods in AP Districts: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

CHAPTER 4 - NEIGHBORHOODS IN AP DISTRICTS: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

Historic Area Neighborhood (Listed on National Register)

Design Review Guidelines - Chapter 4 - Neighborhoods in AP Districts: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

CHAPTER 4 - NEIGHBORHOODS IN AP DISTRICTS: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

Historic Area Neighborhood (Listed on National Register)

Design Review Guidelines - Chapter 4 - Neighborhoods in AP Districts: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

CHAPTER 4 - NEIGHBORHOODS IN AP DISTRICTS: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

Historic Area Neighborhood (Listed on National Register)

Design Review Guidelines - Chapter 4 - Neighborhoods in AP Districts: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

CHAPTER 4 - NEIGHBORHOODS IN AP DISTRICTS: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

Historic Area Neighborhood (Listed on National Register)

Design Review Guidelines - Chapter 4 - Neighborhoods in AP Districts: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

CHAPTER 4 - NEIGHBORHOODS IN AP DISTRICTS: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

Historic Area Neighborhood (Listed on National Register)

Design Review Guidelines - Chapter 4 - Neighborhoods in AP Districts: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

Historic Area Neighborhood (Listed on National Register)

CHAPTER 4 - NEIGHBORHOODS IN AP DISTRICTS: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

Historic Area Neighborhood (Listed on National Register)

Design Review Guidelines - Chapter 4 - Neighborhoods in AP Districts: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

CHAPTER 4 - NEIGHBORHOODS IN AP DISTRICTS: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

Historic Area Neighborhood (Listed on National Register)

CHAPTER 4 - NEIGHBORHOODS IN AP DISTRICTS: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

Historic Area Neighborhood (Listed on National Register)

CHAPTER 4 - NEIGHBORHOODS IN AP DISTRICTS: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

Historic Area Neighborhood (Listed on National Register)

Historic Area Neighborhood (Listed on National Register)

CHAPTER 4 - NEIGHBORHOODS IN AP DISTRICTS: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

Historic Area Neighborhood (Listed on National Register)

Historic Area Neighborhood (Listed on National Register)

Historic Area Neighborhood (Listed on National Register)

CHAPTER 4 - NEIGHBORHOODS IN AP DISTRICTS: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

Indian Springs Neighborhood (Eligible for National Register)

The Indian Springs Subdivision was platted in 1938. This singleaccess, looping subdivision is significant because the plat designated parks, parkways, and walkways to be shared by the residents. It contains a mixture of Colonial Revival, Georgian Revival, vernacular, and modernism dwellings. The period of significance for buildings in this neighborhood is between 1928 and 1960. The Indian Springs neighborhood contains 48 contributing buildings and 44 non-contributing buildings.

Indian Springs Neighborhood (Eligible for National Register)

CHAPTER 4 - NEIGHBORHOODS IN AP DISTRICTS: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

Indian Springs Neighborhood (Eligible for National Register)

Design Review Guidelines - Chapter 4 - Neighborhoods in AP Districts: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

CHAPTER 4 - NEIGHBORHOODS IN AP DISTRICTS: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

Pinecrest Neighborhood (Eligible for the National Register)

The Pinecrest Subdivision was platted in 1939 on a 12-acre parcel known as the “Tan Yard lot.” It contains a mixture of Colonial Revival and vernacular buildings. The period of significance is between the late 1890s and 1960.

This neighborhood includes 41 contributing buildings and 29 non-contributing buildings and is eligible for the National Register.

704 Monumental Avenue

712 Monumental Avenue

13 Grove Avenue

Pinecrest Neighborhood (Eligible for the National Register)

Pinecrest Neighborhood (Eligible for the National Register)

Charts

Pollard Park Neighborhood (Listed on the National Register)

The Pollard Park neighborhood followed Chandler Court and was also developed by John Garland Pollard. It was designed to follow the land’s natural contours, with the stream gully being a visual focus, a hairpin street with lots facing the stream gully. John Pollard later became Mayor of Williamsburg, who

understood the importance of city planning and was elected governor of Virginia in 1929 and served until 1934. Chandler Court contains Colonial Revival, Virginia Gambrel, and cap cod buildings. The period of significance for this neighborhood is from 1931 to 1940. The neighborhood includes 12 contributing buildings.

601 Pollard Park

604 Pollard Park

3 Pollard Park

Pollard Park Neighborhood (Listed on the National Register)

CHAPTER 4 - NEIGHBORHOODS IN AP DISTRICTS: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

Queen Mary’s Port Neighborhood (Eligible for National Register)

The Queen Mary’s Port neighborhood contains Capitol Landing, which is individually listed on the National Register.

The period of significance for the dwellings on the property is from 1865 to 1940. There are seven dwellings, of which six are contributing, and one is non-contributing.

1038 Capitol Landing Road

1018 Capitol Landing Road

1030 Capitol Landing Road

CHAPTER 4 - NEIGHBORHOODS IN AP DISTRICTS: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

Queen Mary’s Port Neighborhood (Eligible for National Register)

Charts

Second Street Commercial Neighborhood (Not Eligible for National Register)

The Second Street Commercial neighborhood was platted in York County and annexed into the city in 1964.

This neighborhood contains seven contributing and 14 noncontributing buildings.

CHAPTER 4 - NEIGHBORHOODS IN AP DISTRICTS: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

Second Street Commercial Neighborhood (Not Eligible for National Register)

Design Review Guidelines - Chapter 4 - Neighborhoods in AP Districts: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

CHAPTER 4 - NEIGHBORHOODS IN AP DISTRICTS: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

Tyler Court Neighborhood (Not Eligible for National Register)

The Tyler Court Townhouse Subdivision was platted in 1981. The neighborhood contains ten dwelling units that are a Colonial Revival architecture style.

CHAPTER 4 - NEIGHBORHOODS IN AP DISTRICTS: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

Tyler Court Townhouse Neighborhood (Not Eligible for National Register)

Design Review Guidelines - Chapter 4 - Neighborhoods in AP Districts: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

CHAPTER 4 - NEIGHBORHOODS IN AP DISTRICTS: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

West Williamsburg Neighborhood (Eligible for the National Register)

The West Williamsburg neighborhood was platted in 1928 in York County. It contains a variety of styles ranging from Colonial Revival, cape code, bungalow, ranch, and vernacular.

The West Williamsburg neighborhood includes 58 contributing and 57 non-contributing structures.

West Williamsburg Neighborhood (Eligible for the National Register)

CHAPTER 4 - NEIGHBORHOODS IN AP DISTRICTS: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

West Williamsburg Neighborhood (Eligible for the National Register)

Design Review Guidelines - Chapter 4 - Neighborhoods in AP Districts: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

CHAPTER 4 - NEIGHBORHOODS IN AP DISTRICTS: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

West Williamsburg Neighborhood (Eligible for the National Register)

CHAPTER 4 - NEIGHBORHOODS IN AP DISTRICTS: Contributing & NonContributing Charts

West Williamsburg Heights Neighborhood (Eligible for the National Register)

The West Williamsburg Heights Subdivision was platted in two phases by Harry D. Bozarth. The first phase was platted in 1925, with a second phase (Bozarth Court Extended) was

platted in 1939. The neighborhood contains Colonial Revival, Dutch Colonial Revival, Tudor Revival, cape cod, and vernacular architecture. The West Williamsburg Heights neighborhood includes 45 contributing buildings and 41 non-contributing buildings.

West Williamsburg Heights Neighborhood (Eligible for the National Register)

Charts

West Williamsburg Heights Neighborhood (Eligible for the National Register)

Charts

William & Mary Old Campus (Listed on the National Register)

The main building of the College of William & Mary, the nation’s second oldest seat of higher learning, the Wren Building was begun in 1695 and completed four years later. Hugh Jones in his Present State of Virginia (1724) stated that the building was “first modelled by Sir Christopher Wren, adapted to the nature of the country by the gentlemen there.” It was gutted by fire in 1705 and rebuilt in modified form within the original walls.

It again burned in 1859 and 1862, but in each case the walls survived and were incorporated in the rebuildings. The Wren Building’s 1705 exterior appearance is well-documented, and it was to that form that it was returned during the restoration of 1928-31 directed by Colonial Williamsburg architects. Defining a forecourt are the President’s House (1732-33) and the Brafferton, built in 1723 as an Indian school.

President’s House

Wren Building

Brafferton

William & Mary Old Campus

(Listed on the National Register)

Individually listed buildings not in a neighborhood.

OTHER

Design Review Districts

While many associate Williamsburg’s image and history with the restored colonial capital, Merchants Square, the Colonial Parkway, and William and Mary, the City is fortunate to have numerous other buildings, neighborhoods, and roads that have evolved over time and contribute to a sense of history as well as to the visual character of the community. The City’s 2021 Comprehensive Plan outlines a preservation and design review program to ensure that the City’s special character is preserved and maintained for the future. Two types of design review districts exist in the City and are described further in the following section.

Architectural Preservation Districts

In the Architectural Preservation Districts, the Architectural Review Board will review all construction, rehabilitation, relocation, demolition, and signage to exclude the Commonwealth-owned properties of William and Mary. As outlined in the 2021 Comprehensive Plan and the 1991 Zoning Ordinance the intend is to protect these areas from adverse influences and to ensure that new uses, buildings, and signs will keep the district’s character.

The boundaries for the Architectural Preservation Districts (APDs) were suggested by the 1989 Comprehensive Plan and developed based on further field study and modified with the updates to the Design Review Guidelines. The APDs encompass all of the older residential

neighborhoods and historic sites in the City and the City’s National Register sites, the Colonial Williamsburg Historic Area, the Old Campus of William and Mary, Merchant’s Square and Resort Historic District, Chandler Court, Pollard Park, and the sites of the colonial ports at College Landing and Capitol Landing.

The ADPs include 23 neighborhoods: Boundary-Cary-GriffinNewport, Braxton Court, Burns Lane, Capitol Court, Capitol Heights, Capitol Landing Green, Chandler Court, College Terrace, Colonial Extension, Crispus Attucks, Downtown, Historic Area, Indian Springs, Pinecrest, Pollard Park Queen Mary’s Port & Mahone, Second Street, Tyler Court, West Williamsburg, West Williamsburg Heights, William & Mary and Bruton Heights area. (The major areas of the APDs are identified on the Architectural Review Districts map.) These numerous areas and features contribute to the community’s historical, architectural and cultural image and enhance the architectural excellence and historical importance of Colonial Williamsburg.

A Listing of Locally Significant Architecture and Areas in Williamsburg was created to assist the Architectural Review Board to recognizing important elements which define the City’s character. The Listing is based on an architectural survey of the Architectural Preservation Districts conducted by Frazier Associates (Stauton, VA) in 1992 and was partially funded by the Virginia Department of Historic Resources. The Listing was updated by City Staff in 2021 to include all structures in each of the City’s neighborhoods to

Chapter 5 - Design Review Districts

determine contributing and non-contributing structures since the 1992 Frazier Associates survey. The Listing consists of neighborhoods and buildings eligible for inclusion on the National and State Registers of Historic Places.

There are 1,356 buildings in the City’s Architectural Preservation Districts (APD’s). Staff updated the list which includes all occupied buildings in a neighborhood and their construction date. The list provides a better understanding of how the City and its neighborhoods have developed over time. As suggested by the survey report, included among those listed are all properties within areas recommended eligible for historic district status on the National and State Registers, such as Braxton Court, College Terrace, Prince

A complete list including styles can be found in Chapter 4 Neighborhoods.

Chapter 5 - Design Review Districts

Corridor Protection Districts

In the Corridor Protection Districts, the Architectural Review Board will review all construction, alteration, replacement, and signage excluding Commonwealth-owned properties of William and Mary. It is the intent of this district as outlined in the Comprehensive Plan and the Zoning Ordinance to protect and enhance the special character of the Colonial Williamsburg Historic Area and the Architectural Preservation Districts by ensuring that the major access corridors to these areas are developed and maintained in a harmonious and compatible manner. In 2021, The Corridor Protection District was divided into Commercial and Residential sections to better align with the types of buildings in the City.

Residential properties within the Corridor Protection District represent a wide variety of architectural styles inherent in the District’s position adjacent to the entrance corridor streets into the City and the Colonial Williamsburg Historic Area. Unlike the AP Districts, the geographic spread of the Corridor Protection District does not lend intself to the concept of buildings contributing to the historic associations of specific neighborhoods. Because residential propoerties within the CP were constructed from the 1930s to the present, they are not categorized.

The boundaries and locations of the Corridor Protection Districts were suggested by the State Enabling Legislation and the Comprehensive Plan, and are located along the

major entrance corridors of the City and identified on the Architectural Review Districts map. The CPDs are located along Richmond Road (west of City Green); Monticello Avenue; Jamestown Road (south of 718 Jamestown Road); Route 199: Route 132 (north of Dunning Street and Bypass Road; Merrimac Trail (east of Woodshire) and Second Street (east of 134 Second Street; South Henry Street (south of Boundary Street); Capitol Landing Road (north of the Colonial Parkway) and York Street (east of Clarion Hotel). It is also the intent of these districts to encourage the improvement of the architectural and visual character of these major corridors and encourage development compatible with the character of the Architectural Preservation Districts.

Chapter 6 - Architectural Preservation District AP-1

ARCHITECTURAL PRESERVATION DISTRICT (AP-1)

Architectural Preservation District AP-1 contains the Colonial Williamsburg Historic Area, areas adjacent to the Colonial Williamsburg Historic Area to include Merchant’s Square, the old campus of William and Mary, and the National Register Historic Districts of Pollard Park and Chandler Court. These areas have designs ranging from modest bungalows, gabled colonial revival styles, Dutch colonial revival styles, Virginia gambrel colonial revival styles, and vernacular dwellings.

For Guidelines for the modification of existing buildings and structures, see pages 3-5.

For Guidelines for the construction of new buildings and structures, see pages 6-16.

Chapter 5 - Architectural Preservation District AP-1

AP-1 is located in the yellow shaded area on this map

EXISTING BUILDINGS - (AP-1)

Preserving architectural features on the remaining historical buildings in the City is one of the principal goals of the Design Review Guidelines. Maintaining and repairing features such as siding, trim, doors, and windows is essential to that goal. Conservation is preferable to reconstruction because it preserves evidence of past building practices and construction techniques by retaining original materials. Original wood siding, trim, and architectural features should be maintained and repaired on existing buildings whenever possible. Properties identified as contributing in Chapter 4 - Neighborhoods shall be maintained in the manner prescribed for existing buildings in the Architectural Review District in which they are located. For properties identified as non-contributing, the Architectural Review Board may consider the use of materials allowed for new construction.

SIDING - (AP-1)

• Wood siding and trim must be replaced with siding and trim that matches or duplicates the existing material or product and does not require approval by the Architectural Review Board.

• Synthetic siding and trim are not allowed as a replacement material for existing wood siding and trim.

• For guidance on rehabilitating older buildings, see Chapter 13 - Rehabilitation.

WINDOWS, STORMS, AND SHUTTERS - (AP-1)

• Existing wood windows should be retained and repaired for buildings located in AP-1.

• If restoration is not possible, then copies of the original window matching the existing sash and frames with duplicates in wood following the early form and details will be required.

• Other window types may be replaced with windows that are allowed in AP-1 for new buildings or additions on a case-by-case basis.

• Storm windows should be full view and constructed of wood or aluminum.

• An energy panel (interior storms) is an alternative to exterior storms and does not require approval from the Architectural Review Board.

• Operable wooden shutters, painted, and sized to fit the opening must be retained and repaired.

• If restoring existing shutters is not possible, then copies of the original wood shutter must sized to fit the opening and installed with appropriate hardware. Composite, vinyl, and metal shutters are not allowed.

DECKS - (AP-1)

See Section 21-607 of the Zoning Ordinance for setback encroachments.

• Decks are not historical features for buildings constructed before 1945 and are therefore not acceptable in a front yard or if they are visible from a public street.

• More appropriate outdoor seating areas for backyards of traditional architectural styles are stone or brick terraces, patios, or pergolas designed to be compatible with the architectural style of the building.

• Unpainted, pressure-treated decks are not acceptable.

• If visible from a public street, decks must be compatible with the building and contain rails that are appropriate for the architectural style of the building.

• For buildings constructed after 1945, decks may be acceptable on a rear elevation if the design is compatible with the architectural style of the building.

OTHER ELEMENTS - (AP-1)

• Existing roofing material should be repaired or replaced inkind.

• Wood shingles, slate, architectural grade fiberglass shingles, textured concrete shingles and standing seam metal roofs are permitted.

• Material replacement in-kind with no change to style or form does not require approval from the Architectural Review Board.

• Any exterior material change requires approval from the Architectural Review Board.

NEW BUILDINGS AND ADDITIONS - (AP-1)

New designs should contribute to existing buildings within the district. Additions and alterations should be compatible with existing building designs with the use of high-quality building materials.

• New buildings and additions should be constructed of brick or horizontal wood siding. Wood shingles may be appropriate depending on the specific design.

• Materials such as vinyl, aluminum, metal siding, tiled-faced or ceramic-faced masonry units, synthetic stucco, synthetic and cementitious siding, are not allowed.

• Wood siding should be horizontal with a six to eight-inch exposure.

• Side and rear elevations should relate to the design elements and materials of the front elevation.

• Any wall should be built of not more than two materials, and those materials should change along a horizontal line such as a floor line or gable end. The heavier material, such as brick, should always be below the lighter material, such as wood.

• Small additions may be constructed with the same type of siding on the building, provided it matches the existing siding material in color, size, and thickness.

• Synthetic trim is not allowed.

• All wood siding, wood shingles, and wood trim shall be sealed with paint or an opaque stain.

• Mortar used for brick should be buff or gray. White mortar is not recommended.

DOORS - (AP-1)

• Entrance doors should be wood with panels or some variation thereof. Windows, sidelights, and transoms in entrance doors are permitted, provided that they are proportioned and appropriate to the specific style of the building.

• If entrance doors with windows have muntins, they must be on the exterior.

• Flush doors with applied trim are not permitted.

• Garage doors, utility doors, and service doors should be painted wood, steel, aluminum, or fiberglass and should correspond with the style of the building.

• Storm doors should be made of painted wood or aluminum and have a full-view window. Storm doors should relate to the architectural character of the entrance.

• Screen doors should be made of wood or aluminum, and may be shuttered if appropriate for the specific style of the building.

PORCHES, DECKS, TERRACES, STOOPS, AND RAILS - (AP-1)

• Porches with a narrow frontage should be no less than six feet deep, while porches with a wide frontage should be at least eight feet deep.

• Porches and stoops should be constructed of wood or brick and contain appropriately-sized columns and rails for the design.

• Terraces may be constructed using masonry elements that are consistent with the structure.

• Materials for railings may be wood, wrought iron, steel, or aluminum and should be designed to complement the architectural design of the building.

• Balusters face-nailed to top or bottom rails are not acceptable.

• Vinyl and other modern synthetic materials are not acceptable.

• Screened porches should be located on the side or rear of the building.

• Columns of Tuscan or Doric orders are preferred, although other types exist within the area. When used, columns should have correct proportions and profiles as described in The American Vignola and other traditional pattern books.

• Columns may be made of wood, although high-quality fiberglass columns and cellular PVC are acceptable.

• All posts should be at least five inches in the least dimension.

• Wood columns and posts should be sealed with paint or opaque stain.

• Modern deck designs are not permitted in a front yard or if visible from a public street.

• Stoops at secondary entrances should be made of wood, brick, or concrete. If made of concrete, the sidewalls and stair risers should be faced with brick.

WINDOWS, STORMS, SHUTTERS, AND AWNINGS - (AP-1)

Windows contribute to the facade of a building and will be evaluated on (1) the pattern of the openings and their size, (2) proportions of the frame and sash, (3) configuration of window panes, (4) muntin profiles, (5) material, (6) paint color, (7) characteristics of the glass, and (8) details or decorative elements.

• Wood, vinyl-clad wood, and prefinished aluminum-clad wood windows are allowed.

• Simulated divided light windows must have muntins on the exterior.

• Windows should be rectangular single, double, or triple hung or operable casement type.

• Semicircular, circular, and hexagonal windows are permitted, but with minimal application and should be consistent with the architectural character of the building.

• Windows on the ground floor should be the same proportion but slightly larger than windows on the upper floors.

• Window openings on upper floors should be centered directly over openings on the ground floor whenever possible.

• Openings in gable ends should be symmetrical.

• Window openings should be at least three feet from building corners.

• The total glazed area on the street frontage should not exceed 30 percent of the total surface area.

• Storm windows should be full-view and constructed of wood or aluminum.

• An energy panel (interior storms) is an alternative to exterior storms and does not require approval from the Architectural Review Board.

• Shutters, if proposed, must be painted wood, and sized to fit the opening with appropriate hardware.

• Composite, vinyl, and metal shutters are not allowed.

• Awnings, if used, must be made of fabric with side panels to cover the undercarriage. Vinyl and metal awnings are not allowed.

ROOFS - (AP-1)

The types of wood-framed roofs typically fall into categories of symmetrical gables, gambrels, or hip roofs. Roof slopes are expressed as (y) inches of vertical rise : (x) feet of horizontal run. One-story primary roofs should have slopes not less than 7:12 and no steeper than 14:12. Two-story primary roofs may be as low as 4:12 and no steeper than 14:12. Secondary roofs may have slopes less than 7:12 depending on the material used (i.e., metal roof over porches can be less than 7:12, whereas a shingle roof should be not less than 7:12). On residential structures, flat roofs should be used only on occupiable areas directly accessible from the outdoors. These must have appropriate parapets and railings.

• Wood shingles, slate, architectural grade fiberglass shingles, metal shingles, high-quality synthetic slate, textured concrete shingles, and standing seam metal roofs are permitted. High-quality synthetic slate roofs must meet the following minimum standards: Impact UL 2218-Class 4, Accelerated Weathering ASTM 4798—little or no color changes, and Freeze-thaw ICC-ES Acceptance Criteria ACO7 Section 4.9—no crazing, cracking, or other adverse surface changes, and the specification data sheet(s) must be provided with the application.

• Shiny metal roofs, exposed aluminum or exposed galvanized metal roofs, ceramic or synthetic ceramic roofing tiles, stamped metal decorative roofing panels, flat roofs, plastic, vinyl, or other synthetic types of roofs are not permitted.

• Metal roofs may be appropriate for porch roofs or ancillary elements and should be copper or Galvalume type. Other colors may be acceptable on a case-by-case basis.

• Non-glossy colored anodized metal roofs should be gray, black, brown, dark green, or other earth tones. Flashing may be copper, lead, vinyl, or anodized aluminum.

• Copper roofs, gutters, and flashing should not be painted or sealed but should be permitted to age naturally.

• Single plane pitch roofs, i.e., shed roofs for houses, shall not be used on the main house but can be used on wings.

• Roof penetrations should be on the rear slope of roofs and painted to match the color of the roof. Skylights should be mounted on the rear slope of the roof, colored to match the roof, and not visible from the street.

• Dormers should have gabled, hipped, or shed roofs.

• Shiny metal roof vents, fireplace stacks, plumbing vents, or other pipes are not acceptable.

• Gutters and downspouts should be made of copper or aluminum and may be half-round or ogee. Where gutters are not used, it is recommended that brick, concrete, or gravel be placed at the drip line.

SOLAR FACILITIES - (AP-1)

• No solar facilities are allowed.

CHIMNEYS - (AP-1)

• Chimneys may be used but are not required. They should be constructed of brick. A modern-designed building may construct chimneys with the same material as the siding of the building, and painted to match the building.

• Stucco chimneys are not permitted.

• Chimneys should be capped to conceal spark arresters.

• Primary chimneys should be rectilinear in design and should have a corbelled termination in keeping with existing types.

OUTBUILDINGS - (AP-1)

• Outbuildings must meet the same criteria (i.e., walls, openings, roof, etc.), as noted above for the main building.

• Metal outbuildings are not permitted.

FENCES - (AP-1)

• Wood, aluminum, and wrought iron fences that are in keeping with a residential scale are permitted. The maximum height allowed in front is four feet and back and side yards is six feet.

• Salt-treated wooden fences must be painted or stained.

• Chain-link, wire, plastic, and vinyl fences are not permitted.

• The finished side must face the street and/or adjoining properties.

• Fences should contribute to the site’s character and not detract from the site’s principal architectural features and should be compatible with adjacent sites.

• Fences that disrupt the harmony of the streetscape by breaking up established architectural rhythms are discouraged.

SITE ELEMENTS, SITING, AND LANDSCAPE FEATURES - (AP-1)

• Site elements should contribute to the site’s character and not detract from the site’s principal architectural features and should be compatible with adjacent sites.

• Mechanical equipment and trash facilities should be located in a side or rear yard and screened with a fence that must be stained or painted to match the building.

• Landscape features above grade but less than three feet in height may be constructed of timber, brick, or stone.

• Retaining walls visible from the street (three feet high or greater) shall be constructed of brick. Retaining walls not visible from the street may be constructed of brick, stone, or timber. If rails are required, they should be constructed of wrought iron or aluminum and colored to blend in with the building.

• Site furnishings such as tables, chairs, benches, planters, flower pots, light poles, trash containers, bike racks, and furnishings for commercial properties, must be submitted and approved by the Board. Single-family residential site furnishings do not require approval from the Board.

SMALL CELL WIRELESS FACILITIES-(AP-1)

• Exterior location is not permitted.

• Interior of a building is permitted.

PAINT - (AP-1)

• Painted siding and trim should be limited to two colors from the approved color palette unless The Architectural Review Board approves additional colors on a case-by-case basis. A third color from the approved colors may be used for shutters and doors

• Brick that is bright red, orangish-red, pink, light red, or other colors may not be acceptable. Brick color should be a through-the-body color.

• Pink siding, bright silver, red, bright green or blue, or colors that are visually out of character for the area and architectural style are not acceptable.

• Wood fences and decks must be painted or stained if this is necessary to compliment the site or is required for maintenance of the materials.

• If colors are proposed that are not from the approved color palette, they may be approved by the Architectural Review Board on a case-by-case basis. Specific color chips or samples to include the color name must be submitted with the application.

• Existing single-family dwellings or commercial buildings may duplicate or match existing color schemes without approval from the Architectural Review Board.

• Architectural Review Board approval is not required for repainting surfaces on single-family detached dwellings when the owner uses no more than three colors from the Benjamin Moore Colonial Williamsburg color palette.

• The Architectural Review Board must approve any new color schemes for commercial buildings. New color schemes should respect the architectural style and existing signage colors for the building.

ACCEPTABLE COLORS FOR SIDING, DOORS, SHUTTERS, TRIM, AND WINDOWS - (AP-1 DISTRICT)

Buildings shall be stained or sealed with a natural earth tone or painted using select colors from the following Benjamin Moore Williamsburg color palette. These colors are approved for use on the entire structure.

White and Tan Color Range

Harwood Putty CW-5

Parish White CW-15

Williamsburg Stone CW-25

Palace Tan CW-35

Prentis Cream CW-100

Cornice Tan CW-115

Brush Beige CW-125

Timson Sand CW-140

Randolph Bisque CW-185

Chowning’s Tan CW-195

Wythe Tan CW-415

Brown and Black Color Range

Raleigh Sorrell CW-135

Coffeehouse Chocolate CW-165

Reid Brown CW-260

Lampblack CW-695

Gray Color Range

Tavern Gray CW-40

Tyler Gray CW-50

Cole Stone CW-60

Carter Gray CW-80

Palace Pearl CW-650

Tucker Gray CW-705

Capitol White CW-10

Geddy White CW-20

Market Square Shell CW-30

Lime White CW-95

Bracken Cream CW-105

Bracken Biscuit CW-120

Coffeehouse Tan CW-130

Brick House Tan CW-145

Raleigh Tan CW-190

Byrd Beige CW- 365

Bruton White CW-710

Dixon Brown CW-160

Tarpley Brown CW-170

Charlton Brown CW-265

Green Color Range

Timson Green CW-470

Levingston Green CW-490

Red Color Range

York Gray CW-45

Finnie Gray CW-55

Randolph Stone CW-75

Tavern Charcoal CW-90

Slate CW-700

Bone Black CW-715

Bassett Hall Green CW-480

Waller Green CW-510

Carriage Red CW-250 Palace Arms Red CW-255

Nicholson Red CW-270

Blue Color Range

Wetherburn’s Blue CW-580 Apollo Blue CW-645

Chiswell Blue CW-660

Yellow and Gold Color Range

Ludwell White CW-275

Tavern Ochre CW-375

Coffeehouse Ochre CW-385

Governor’s Gold CW-395

Wythe Gold CW-420

Everard Gold CW-435

Sweeney Yellow CW-370

Massicot CW-380

Bryan Ochre CW-390

Chamber Yellow CW-410

Scrivener Gold CW-430

ACCEPTABLE DOOR, SHUTTER, TRIM, AND WINDOW COLORS - (AP-1 DISTRICT)

These colors are acceptable for limited use and are not allowed for the body or siding of a structure.

White and Tan Color Range

Calcite CW-110 Franklin White CW-200

Galt Peach CW-210

Brown and Black Color Range

Everard Coffee CW-150 Revolutionary Storm CW-155

Tucker Chocolate CW-175

Walnut CW-240

Bone Black CW-715

Gray Color Range

Gunsmith Gray CW-65

Randolph Gray CW-85

Pearl CW-640

Ambler Slate CW-685

Geddy Gray CW-720

Green Color Range

Gloucester Green CW-440

Greenhow Moss CW-450

Burgess Green CW-485

Nicholson Green CW-500

Sea Green CW-515

Raleigh Green CW-525

Buffet Green CW-535

Bucktrout Brown CW-180

Mopboard Black CW-680

Red Color Range

St. George Red CW-245 Cornwallis Red CW-315

Dragons Blood CW-320

King’s Red CW-335

Blue Color Range

Everard Blue CW-575

Randolph Blue CW-615

Prussian Blue CW-625

Brush Blue CW-675

Yellow and Gold Color Range

Moir Gold CW-280

Cochineal Red CW-330

Greenhow Vermillion CW-340

Bracken Blue CW-600

Finley Blue CW-620

Washington Blue CW-630

Gamboge CW-285

English Ochre CW-290 Damask Yellow CW-400

Damask Gold CW-400

Pelham Gray CW-70

Powell Smokehouse CW-360

Powell Gray CW-665

Bracken Slate CW-690

Burwell Green CW-445

Palmer Green CW-475

Russell Green CW-495

Windsor Green CW-505

Palace Green CW-520

Colonial Verdigris CW-530

Goodwin Green CW-555

ARCHITECTURAL PRESERVATION DISTRICT - (AP-2)

Architectural Preservation District AP-2 contains older neighborhoods surrounding Architectural Preservation District AP-1 in the city, such as College Terrace, Burns Lane, Indian Springs, West Williamsburg, and Capitol Heights. These areas have styles ranging from modest bungalows to gabled colonial revival, Dutch colonial revival, Virginia gambrel colonial revival, and vernacular dwellings.

For Guidelines for the modification of existing buildings and structures, see pages 3-6.

For Guidelines for the construction of new buildings and structures, see pages 7-15.

AP-2 is located in the yellow shaded areas on this map

Chapter 7 - Architectural Preservation District AP-2

EXISTING BUILDINGS - (AP-2)

Preserving architectural features on the remaining historical buildings in the City is one of the principal goals of the Design Review Guidelines. Maintaining and repairing features such as siding, trim, doors, and windows is essential to that goal. Conservation is preferable to reconstruction because it preserves evidence of past building practices and construction techniques by retaining original materials.

Original wood siding, trim, and architectural features should be maintained and repaired on existing buildings whenever possible. Properties identified as contributing in Chapter 4Neighborhoods shall be maintained in the manner prescribed for existing buildings in the Architectural Review District in which they are located. For properties identified as non-contributing, the Architectural Review Board may consider the use of materials allowed for new construction.

Burress House (1966)

207 Burns Lane

Lewis House (1952)

216 Indian Springs Road

Harris House (1931, 10) 605 College Terrace

SIDING - (AP-2)

• Wood siding and trim on Contributing buildings (Chapter 4) must be replaced with wood siding and trim that matches or duplicates the existing material or product.

• Wood siding and trim on Non-Contributing buildings (Chapter 4) should be replaced with wood siding and trim that matches or duplicates the existing material or product.

• Except for buildings listed on or eligible for the National Register of Historic Places (Appendix 1), the Architectural Review Board may grant the following exceptions on a case-by-case basis for existing buildings:

1. If the original siding material is wood and it is covered with a synthetic material that cannot be replaced in kind because the siding material is no longer available in the market, replacement with other types of similar synthetic siding may be considered as follows, provided that the original wood material is not removed. Asbestos siding may be replaced with vinyl siding that resembles horizontal wood siding.

2. If the original siding material is a synthetic material and cannot be replaced in kind because the existing siding is no longer available in the market, replacement with horizontal wood siding or similar synthetic siding may be considered as follows:

a. Aluminum siding may be replaced with vinyl or cementitious siding that resembles horizontal wood siding.

b. Vinyl siding may be replaced with cementitious siding that resembles horizontal wood siding.

c. Asbestos siding may be replaced with cementitious siding that resembles horizontal wood siding.

d. Masonite siding or other hardboard sidings may be replaced with cementitious siding that resembles horizontal wood siding.

3. If vinyl siding is approved for use, it shall meet the following standards:

Standard: ASTM D3679 is the accepted industry standard for quality.

Thickness: A minimum of 0.042 inches is required for impact resistance and durability.

Style: A beaded siding with a minimum of 6.5 inches of exposure is required.

Color: White, ivory, and other soft, colonial-style colors are recommended. Applicants must provide specifications of their vinyl siding and trim details with their application. The specifications must address the items listed above. When applying vinyl siding over existing siding, it is important to consider retaining trim details with their applications.

• Engineered wood products may be considered on a caseby-case basis.

• Synthetic trim will be considered on a case-by-case basis.

For guidance on rehabbing older buildings, see Chapter 13 Rehabilitation.

WINDOWS, STORMS, AND SHUTTERS - (AP-2)

• Existing wood windows should be retained and repaired for buildings located in AP-2.

• If restoration is not possible, then copies of the original window matching the existing sash and frames with duplicates in wood following the early form and details will be required.

• Other window types may be replaced with windows that are allowed in AP-2 for new buildings or additions on a case-by-case basis.

• Storm windows should be full view and constructed of wood or aluminum.

• An energy panel (interior storms) is an alternative to exterior storms and does not require approval from the Architectural Review Board.

• Operable wooden shutters, painted, sized to fit the opening, must be retained and repaired.

• If restoration of existing shutters is not possible, then copies of the original wood shutter must be sized and installed to fit the opening, with appropriate hardware. Composite, vinyl, and metal shutters are not allowed.

SOLAR FACILITIES - (AP-2)

• Only facilities located on the roof are allowed.

• Facilities shall not be visible from the Colonial Williamsburg Historic Area (CW).

• The use of solar roof tiles, laminates, glazing, and other technologies requiring the removal of intact historic fabric or permanently altering or damaging such fabric should be avoided.

• Solar panels should not project greater than 12 inches above the existing roof surface and should not be visible above the roof line of a primary facade.

• Solar panels and their supporting structures should be compatible with the existing roof color.

• Consider placing solar panels on an existing, non‐historic addition or accessory structure, thereby minimizing the impact of solar installation on the significant features of the historic resource as well as specifically protecting historic fabric from alteration.

• To the greatest extent possible, avoid placing solar panels on street‐facing walls or roofs, including those facing side streets. Installations below and behind parapet walls and dormers or on rear‐facing roofs are encouraged.

• Solar panels should not require alterations to significant or character‐defining features of a historic resource, such as altering existing roof lines or dormers. Avoid installations that obstruct views of significant architectural features, such as overlaying windows or decorative detailing.

DECKS - (AP-2)

See Section 21-607 of the Zoning Ordinance for setback encroachments.

• Decks are not historical features for buildings constructed before 1945 and are therefore not acceptable in a front yard or if they are visible from a public street.

• More appropriate outdoor seating areas for backyards of traditional architectural styles are stone or brick terraces, patios, or pergolas designed to be compatible with the architectural style of the building.

• Unpainted, pressure-treated decks are not acceptable.

• If visible from a public street, decks must be compatible with the building and contain rails that are appropriate for the architectural style of the building.

• For buildings constructed after 1945, decks may be acceptable on a rear elevation if the design is compatible with the architectural style of the building.

OTHER ELEMENTS - (AP-2)

• Existing roofing material should be repaired or replaced in kind.

• Wood shingles, slate, architectural grade fiberglass shingles, textured concrete shingles, and standing seam metal roofs are permitted.

• Material replacement in-kind with no change to style or form does not require approval from the Architectural Review Board.

• Any exterior material change requires approval from the

Architectural Review Board.

• For other elements and color schemes not listed in this section, see New Buildings and Additions in the AP-2 above.

NEW BUILDINGS AND ADDITIONS - (AP-2)

New designs should contribute to existing buildings within the district. Additions and alterations should be compatible with existing building designs with the use of high-quality building materials.

• New buildings and additions should be constructed of brick, horizontal wood siding, stucco, or cementitious siding. Wood shingles may be appropriate depending on the specific design.

• Engineered wood products may be considered on a caseby-case basis.

• Materials such as vinyl, aluminum, metal siding, tiled-faced or ceramic-faced masonry units, synthetic stucco such as EIFS, and synthetic siding are not allowed.

• Wood siding should be horizontal with a six to eight-inch exposure.

• Side and rear elevations should relate to the design elements and materials of the front elevation.

• Any wall should be built of not more than two materials, and those materials should change along a horizontal line such as a floor line or gable end. The heavier material, such as brick, should always be below the lighter material, such as wood.

• Small additions may be constructed with the same type of siding on the building, provided it matches the existing

siding material in color, size, and thickness.

• Synthetic trim may be allowed on a case-by-case basis.

• All wood siding, wood shingles, and wood trim shall be sealed with paint or an opaque stain.

• Mortar used for brick should be buff or gray. White mortar is not recommended.

DOORS - (AP-2)

• Entrance doors should be wood or fiberglass with panels or some variation thereof. Windows, sidelights, and transoms in entrance doors are permitted, provided that they are proportioned and appropriate to the specific style of the building.

• If entrance doors with windows have muntins, they must be on the exterior.

• Flush doors with applied trim are not permitted.

• Garage doors, utility doors, and service doors should be painted wood, steel, aluminum, or fiberglass and should correspond with the style of the building. For purposes of this section, utility and service doors are not located on the front of the structure.

• Storm doors should be made of painted wood or aluminum and have a full-view window. Storm doors should relate to the architectural character of the entrance.

• Screen doors should be made of wood or aluminum with full view, and may be shuttered if appropriate for the specific style of the building.

PORCHES, DECKS, TERRACES, STOOPS, AND RAILS - (AP-2)

• Porches with a narrow frontage should be no less than six feet deep, while porches with a wide frontage should be at least eight feet deep.

• Porches and stoops should be constructed of wood or brick and contain appropriate-sized columns and rails for the design.

• Terraces may be constructed using masonry elements that are consistent with the structure.

• Solid synthetic materials will be considered on a case-bycase basis. Material samples must be submitted with the application.

• Materials for railings maybe wood, wrought iron, steel, or aluminum and should be designed to complement the architectural design of the building. Solid synthetic rails will be considered on a case-by-case basis.

• Face nailed balusters to a bottom and top rail are not acceptable.

• Screened porches should be located on the side or rear of the building.

• Columns are preferred to be Tuscan or Doric orders, although other types exist within the area. When used, columns should have correct proportions and profiles as described in “The American Vignola” and other traditional pattern books.

• Columns may be made of wood, although high-quality fiberglass columns and cellular PVC are acceptable.

• All posts should be at least five inches in the least dimension.

• Wood columns and posts should be sealed with paint or opaque stain.

• Stoops at secondary entrances should be made of wood, brick, or concrete. If made of concrete, the sidewalls and stair risers should be faced with brick.

WINDOWS, STORMS, SHUTTERS, AND AWNINGS - (AP-2)

Windows contribute to the facade of a building and will be evaluated on (1) the pattern of the openings and their size; (2) proportions of the frame and sash; (3) configuration of window panes; (4) muntin profiles; (5) material; (6) paint color; (7) characteristics of the glass; and (8) details or decorative elements.

• Wood, vinyl-clad wood, or pre-finished aluminum-clad wood windows are allowed.

• High-quality synthetic windows may be approved on a case-by-case basis. Applicants must provide the AAMA/WDMA/CAS101/I.S.2/A440-11 certification reference, manufacturer’s warranty (minimum 15-year), local examples of existing installation with a duration of at least five years, and how long the manufacturer has been in business (recommended length of business is at least as long as the warranty period).

• Simulated divided light windows must have muntins on the exterior.

• Windows should be rectangular single, double, or triple hung or operable casement type.

• Semi-circular, circular, or hexagonal windows are permitted but with minimal application and should be consistent with

the architectural character of the building.

• Windows on the ground floor should be the same proportion but slightly larger than windows on the upper floors.

• Window openings in upper floors should be centered directly over openings in the ground floor whenever possible.

• Openings in gable ends should be symmetrical.

• Window openings should be at least three feet from building corners.

• The total glazed area on the street frontage should not exceed 30 percent of the total surface.

• Storm windows should be full view and constructed of wood or aluminum.

• An energy panel (interior storms) is an alternative to exterior storms and does not require approval from the Architectural Review Board.

• Shutters maybe wood or high-quality composite material, sized to fit the opening with appropriate hardware. Highquality composite shutters may be approved on a case-bycase basis.

• Vinyl and metal shutters are not allowed.

• Shutters must be operable. Shutters face nailed to the side of a building are not allowed.

• Awnings, if used, must be made of fabric with side panels to cover the undercarriage. Vinyl and metal awnings are not allowed.

ROOFS - (AP-2)

The types of wood-framed roofs typically fall into the categories of symmetrical gables, gambrels, or hip roofs. Roof slopes are expressed as (y) inches of vertical rise : (x) feet of horizontal run. One-story primary roofs should have slopes not less than 7:12 and no steeper than 14:12. Two-story primary roofs may be as low as 4:12 and no steeper than 14:12. Secondary roofs may have slopes less than 7:12 depending on the material used (i.e., metal roof over porches can be less than 7:12, whereas a shingle roof should be not less than 7:12). On residential structures, flat roofs should be used only as occupiable areas directly accessible from the outdoors. These must have appropriate parapets and railings.

• Wood shingles, slate, architectural grade fiberglass shingles, metal shingles, high-quality synthetic slate, textured concrete shingles, and standing seam metal roofs are permitted. High-quality synthetic slate roofs must meet the following minimum standards: Impact UL 2218-Class 4, Accelerated Weathering ASTM 4798—little or no color changes, and Freeze-thaw ICC-ES Acceptance Criteria ACO7 Section 4.9—no crazing, cracking, or other adverse surface changes, which must be provided with the application.

• Shiny metal roofs, exposed aluminum or exposed galvanized metal roofs, ceramic or synthetic ceramic roofing tiles, stamped metal decorative roofing panels, flat roofs, plastic, vinyl, or other synthetic types of roofs are not permitted.

• Metal roofs may be appropriate for porch roofs or ancillary elements and should be copper or Galvalume type. Other

colors may be acceptable on a case-by-case basis.

• Non-glossy colored anodized metal roofs should be gray, black, brown, dark green, or other earth tones. Flashing may be copper, lead, vinyl, or anodized aluminum.

• Copper roofs, gutters, and flashing should not be painted or sealed but should be permitted to age naturally.

• Gable roof ends should have a minimum overhang of 12 inches.

• Single plane pitch roofs, i.e., shed roofs for houses, shall not be used on the main house but can be used on wings.

• Roof penetrations should be on the rear slope of roofs and painted to match the color of the roof. Skylights should be mounted on the rear slope of the roof, colored to match the roof, and not be visible from the street.

• Dormers should have gabled, hipped, or shed roofs.

• Shiny metal roof vents, fireplace stacks, plumbing vents, or other pipes are not acceptable.

• Gutters and downspouts should be made of copper or aluminum and may be half-round or ogee. Where gutters are not used, it is recommended that brick, concrete, or gravel be placed at the drip line.

SOLAR FACILITIES - (AP-2)

• Only facilities located on the roof are allowed.

• Facilities shall not be visible from the Colonial Williamsburg Historic Area (CW).

• The use of solar roof tiles, laminates, glazing, and other technologies requiring the removal of intact historic fabric or permanently altering or damaging such fabric should be avoided.

• Solar panels should not project greater than 12 inches above the existing roof surface and should not be visible above the roof line of a primary facade.

• Solar panels and their support structures should be compatible with the existing roof color.

• Consider placing solar panels on an existing, non‐historic addition or accessory structure, thereby minimizing the impact of solar installation on the significant features of the historic resource as well as specifically protecting historic fabric against alteration.

• To the greatest extent possible, avoid placing solar panels on street‐facing walls or roofs, including those facing side streets. Installations below and behind parapet walls and dormers or on rear‐facing roofs are encouraged.

• Solar panels should not require alterations to significant or character‐defining features of a historic resource, such as altering existing roof lines or dormers. Avoid installations that obstruct views of significant architectural features, such as overlaying windows or decorative detailing.

CHIMNEYS - (AP-2)

• Chimneys can be used but are not required. They should be constructed of brick. A modern-designed building may construct chimneys with the same material as the siding of the building, painted to match the building.

• Stucco is not permitted.

• Chimneys should be capped to conceal spark arresters.

• Primary chimneys should be rectilinear in design and should have a corbelled termination in keeping with existing types.

OUTBUILDINGS - (AP-2)

• Outbuildings must meet the same criteria (i.e., walls, openings, roof, etc.), as noted above for the main building.

• Metal outbuildings are not permitted.

FENCES - (AP-2)

• Wood, aluminum, and wrought iron fences that are in keeping with a residential scale are permitted. The maximum height allowed for fences located in a front yard is four feet, with up to six feet being allowed for a side or rear yard.

• Solid synthetic materials may be considered on a case-bycase basis.

• Salt-treated wooden fences must be painted or stained.

• Chain-link, wire, plastic, and vinyl fences are not permitted.

• The finished side must face the street and/or adjoining properties.

• Fences should contribute to the site’s character and not detract from the site’s principal architectural features and should be compatible with adjacent sites.

• Fences that disrupt the harmony of the streetscape by

breaking up established architectural rhythms are discouraged.

SITE ELEMENTS, SITING, AND LANDSCAPE FEATURES - (AP-2)

• Site elements should contribute to the site’s character and not detract from the site’s principal architectural features and should be compatible with adjacent sites.

• Mechanical equipment and trash facilities should be located in a side or rear yard and screened with vegetation or a fence that must be stained or painted to match the building.

• Landscape features above grade, but less than three feet in height may be constructed of timber, brick, or stone.

• Retaining walls (three feet or greater), if visible from the street, shall be constructed of brick. Retaining walls not visible from the street may be constructed of brick, stone, or timber. If rails are required, they should be constructed of wrought iron or aluminum and colored to blend in with the building.

• Site furnishings such as tables, chairs, benches, planters, flower pots, light poles, trash containers, bike racks, and similar furnishings for commercial properties must be submitted and approved by the Board. Single-family residential site furnishings do not require approval from the Board.

SMALL CELL WIRELESS FACILITIES-(AP-2)

• Facilities located on the interior of a building are permitted. Facilities not visible from the Colonial Williamsburg Historic Area (CW) or from a public right-of-way may be allowed if appearance and screening requirements are designed as outlined in the Design Review Guidelines. Co-location on utility poles may be permitted if appearance and screening requirements are designed as outlined in the Design Review Guidelines.

• Facilities shall not be visible from the Colonial Williamsburg Historic Area (CW) or a public right-of-way. Facilities shall be painted the same color as the structure for facilities affixed to the exterior of a building. All surfaces must contain a matte finish. Co-location on utility poles on private property must be painted to match the utility pole color. No shiny or reflective surfaces shall be allowed.

• Screening may be required for facilities. If required, screening shall match the existing building material. If there is no existing building, the facility must be screened with a wooden privacy fence not to exceed six feet in height. Salt-treated wooden fences must be painted or stained with the finished side of the fence facing the street and/or adjacent properties.

PAINT - (AP-2)

• Painted siding and trim should be limited to two colors from the approved color palette unless The Architectural Review Board approves additional colors on a case-by-case basis. A third color from the approved colors may be used

for shutters and doors.

• Brick that is bright red, orangish-red, pink, light red, or other colors may not be acceptable. Brick color should be a through-the-body color.

• Pink siding, bright silver, red, bright green or blue, or colors that are visually out of character for the area and architectural style are not acceptable.

• Wood fences and decks must be painted or stained to compliment the site.

• Existing single-family dwellings or commercial buildings may duplicate or match existing color schemes without approval from the Architectural Review Board.

• Architectural Review Board approval is not required for the painting of existing painted surfaces on single-family detached dwellings when the owner uses no more than three colors from the Benjamin Moore Colonial Williamsburg color palette.

• The Architectural Review Board must approve any new color schemes for commercial buildings. New color schemes should respect the architectural style and existing signage colors for the building.

McLendon House (2013) 306 Page Street

Klapper House (1953, 83, 18) 122 Indian Springs Road

ACCEPTABLE COLORS FOR SIDING, DOORS, SHUTTERS, TRIM, AND WINDOWS - (AP-2)

Buildings shall be stained or sealed with a natural earth tone or painted using colors from the following Benjamin Moore Williamsburg color palette. These colors are approved for use on the entire structure.

White and Tan Color Range

Harwood Putty CW-5

Parish White CW-15

Williamsburg Stone CW-25

Palace Tan CW-35

Prentis Cream CW-100

Cornice Tan CW-115

Brush Beige CW-125

Timson Sand CW-140

Randolph Bisque CW-185

Chowning’s Tan CW-195

Wythe Tan CW-415

Capitol White CW-10

Geddy White CW-20

Market Square Shell CW-30

Lime White CW-95

Bracken Cream CW-105

Bracken Biscuit CW-120

Coffeehouse Tan CW-130

Brick House Tan CW-145

Raleigh Tan CW-190

Byrd Beige CW- 365

Bruton White CW-710

Thad Hall House (1926, 84, 90, 91) 517 Richmond Road

Brown and Black Color Range

Raleigh Sorrell CW-135

Coffeehouse Chocolate CW-165

Reid Brown CW-260

Lampblack CW-695

Gray Color Range

Tavern Gray CW-40

Tyler Gray CW-50

Cole Stone CW-60

Carter Gray CW-80

Palace Pearl CW-650

Tucker Gray CW-705

Green Color Range

Timson Green CW-470

Levingston Green CW-490

Dixon Brown CW-160

Tarpley Brown CW-170

Charlton Brown CW-265

York Gray CW-45

Finnie Gray CW-55

Randolph Stone CW-75

Tavern Charcoal CW-90

Slate CW-700

Bone Black CW-715

Bassett Hall Green CW-480

Waller Green CW-510

Red Color Range

Carriage Red CW-250 Palace Arms Red CW-255

Nicholson Red CW-270

Blue Color Range

Wetherburn’s Blue CW-580 Apollo Blue CW-645

Chiswell Blue CW-660

Yellow and Gold Color Range

Ludwell White CW-275 Sweeney Yellow CW-370

Tavern Ochre CW-375 Massicot CW-380

Coffeehouse Ochre CW-385 Bryan Ochre CW-390

Governor’s Gold CW-395 Chamber Yellow CW-410

Wythe Gold CW-420 Scrivener Gold CW-430

Everard Gold CW-435

ACCEPTABLE DOOR, SHUTTER, TRIM, AND WINDOW COLORS- (AP-2)

These colors are acceptable for limited use and are not allowed for the body or siding of a structure.

White and Tan Color Range

Calcite CW-110

Galt Peach CW-210

Brown and Black Color Range

Franklin White CW-200

Everard Coffee CW-150 Revolutionary Storm CW-155

Tucker Chocolate CW-175

Walnut CW-240

Bone Black CW-715

Bucktrout Brown CW-180

Mopboard Black CW-680

Gray Color Range

Gunsmith Gray CW-65 Pelham Gray CW-70

Randolph Gray CW-85 Powell Smokehouse CW-360

Pearl CW-640 Powell Gray CW-665

Ambler Slate CW-685 Bracken Slate CW-690

Geddy Gray CW-720

Green Color Range

Gloucester Green CW-440 Burwell Green CW-445

Greenhow Moss CW-450 Palmer Green CW-475

Burgess Green CW-485 Russell Green CW-495

Nicholson Green CW-500 Windsor Green CW-505

Sea Green CW-515 Palace Green CW-520

Raleigh Green CW-525 Colonial Verdigris CW-530

Buffet Green CW-535 Goodwin Green CW-555

Red Color Range

St. George Red CW-245 Cornwallis Red CW-315

Dragons Blood CW-320 Cochineal Red CW-330

King’s Red CW-335 Greenhow Vermillion CW-340

Blue Color Range

Everard Blue CW-575 Bracken Blue CW-600

Randolph Blue CW-615 Finley Blue CW-620

Prussian Blue CW-625 Washington Blue CW-630

Brush Blue CW-675

Yellow and Gold Color Range

Moir Gold CW-280

Gamboge CW-285

English Ochre CW-290 Damask Yellow CW-400

Damask Gold CW-400

Chapter 5 - Architectural Preservation District AP-1

Chapter 8 - Architectural Preservation District AP-3

ARCHITECTURAL PRESERVATION DISTRICT - (AP-3)

This District contains neighborhoods that were constructed post-World War II Colonial Revival and a more modern style dwelling which includes the Pinecrest, Capitol Court, Crispus Attucks, and the Arts and Cultural District.

For Guidelines for the modification of existing buildings and structures, see pages 3-6.

For Guidelines for the construction of new buildings and structures, see on pages 7-15.

AP-3 is located in the purple shaded areas on this map City of Williamsburg Architectural Preservation District AP-3

Chapter 8 - Architectural Preservation District AP-3

EXISTING BUILDINGS - (AP-3)

Preserving architectural features on the remaining historical buildings in the City is one of the principal goals of the Design Review Guidelines. Maintaining and repairing features such as siding, trim, doors, and windows is essential to that goal. Conservation is preferable to reconstruction because it preserves evidence of past building practices and construction techniques by retaining original materials. Original wood siding, trim, and architectural features should be retained and repaired on existing buildings whenever possible. Properties identified as contributing in Chapter 4 -Neighborhoods shall be maintained in the manner prescribed for existing buildings in the Architectural Review District in which they are located. For properties identified as non-contributing, the Architectural Review Board may consider the use of materials allowed for new construction.

SIDING – (AP-3)

• Wood siding and trim on buildings listed on or eligible for the National Register of Historic Places (Appendix 1) must be replaced with wood siding and trim that matches or duplicates the existing material or product.

• Wood siding and trim on buildings listed on the Cities Listing of Buildings 50 years old or older (Appendix 2) should be replaced with wood siding and trim that matches or duplicates the existing material or product.

• Except for buildings listed on or eligible for the National Register of Historic Places (Appendix 1), the Architectural Review Board may grant the following exceptions on a case-by-case basis for existing buildings:

1. If the original siding material is wood and it is

covered with a synthetic material that cannot be replaced in kind because the siding material is no longer available in the market, replacement with other types of similar synthetic siding may be considered as follows, provided that the original wood material is not removed:

a. Aluminum siding may be replaced with vinyl siding that resembles horizontal wood siding.

b. Asbestos siding may be replaced with vinyl siding that resembles horizontal wood siding. 2. If the original siding material is a synthetic material and cannot be replaced in kind because the existing siding is no longer available in the market, replacement with horizontal wood siding or similar synthetic siding may be considered as follows:

a. Aluminum siding may be replaced with vinyl or cementitious siding that resembles horizontal wood siding.

b. Vinyl siding may be replaced with cementitious siding that resembles horizontal wood siding.

c. Asbestos siding may be replaced with cementitious siding that resembles horizontal wood siding.

d. Masonite siding or other hardboard sidings may be replaced with cementitious siding that resembles horizontal wood siding.

3. If vinyl siding is approved for use, it shall meet the following standards:

Standard: ASTM D3679 is the accepted industry standard for quality.

Thickness: A minimum of 0.042 inches is required for impact resistance and durability.

Style: A beaded siding with a minimum of 6.5 inches of exposure is required.

Color: White, ivory, and other soft, colonialstyle colors are recommended.

Applicants must provide specifications of their vinyl siding and trim details with their application. The specifications must address the items listed above. When applying vinyl siding over existing siding, it is important to consider retaining trim details with their applications.

• Engineered wood products may be considered on a caseby-case basis.

• Synthetic trim will be considered on a case-by-case basis.

• For guidance on rehabbing older buildings, see Chapter 12 Rehabilitation.

WINDOWS, STORMS, AND SHUTTERS - (AP-3)

• Existing wood windows should be retained and repaired for buildings located in AP-3.

• If restoration is not possible, then copies of the original window matching the existing sash and frames with duplicates in wood following the early form and details will be required.

• Other window types may be replaced with windows that are allowed in AP-3 for new buildings or additions on a case-by-case basis.

• Storm windows should be full view and constructed of wood or aluminum.

• An energy panel (interior storms) is an alternative to exterior storms and does not require approval from the Architectural Review Board.

• Operable wooden shutters, painted, and sized to fit the opening, must be retained and repaired.

• If restoration of existing shutters is not possible, then copies of the original wood shutter must be sized and installed to fit the opening with appropriate hardware. Vinyl and metal shutters are not allowed.

• High-quality composite material shutters that resemble original shutters may be approved on a case-by-case basis.

712 Monumental Avenue

above the roof-line of a primary facade.

DECKS - (AP-3)

See Section 21-607 of the Zoning Ordinance for setback encroachments.

• Decks are not historic features for buildings prior to World War II and are therefore not acceptable in a front yard or if they are visible from a public street.

• More appropriate outdoor seating areas for backyards of traditional architectural styles are stone or brick terraces, patios, or pergolas designed to be compatible with the architectural style of the building.

• Unpainted, pressure-treated decks are not acceptable.

• If visible from a public street, they must be compatible with the building and contain rails that are appropriate for the architectural style of the building.

• For buildings constructed after World War II, decks, may be acceptable on a rear elevation if the design is compatible with the architectural style of the building.

SOLAR FACILITIES - (AP-3)

• Only facilities located on the roof are allowed.

• Facilities shall not be visible from the Colonial Williamsburg Historic Area (CW).

• The use of solar roof tiles, laminates, glazing, and other technologies requiring the removal of intact historic fabric or permanently altering or damaging such fabric should be avoided.

• Solar panels should not project greater than 12 inches above the existing roof surface and should not be visible

• Solar panels and their support structures should be compatible with the existing roof color.

• Consider placing solar panels on an existing, non‐historic addition or accessory structure, thereby minimizing the impact of solar installation on the historic resource’s significant features and specifically protecting historic fabric from alteration.

• To the greatest extent possible, avoid placing solar panels on street‐facing walls or roofs, including those facing side streets. Installations below and behind parapet walls and dormers or on rear‐facing roofs are encouraged.

• Solar panels should not require alterations to significant or character‐defining features of a historic resource, such as altering existing roof lines or dormers. Avoid installations that obstruct views of significant architectural features, such as overlaying windows or decorative detailing.

OTHER ELEMENTS - (AP-3)

• Existing roofing material should be repaired or replaced in kind.

• Wood shingles, slate, architectural grade fiberglass shingles, high-quality synthetic slate, textured concrete shingles, and standing seam metal roofs are permitted.

• Material replacement in kind with no change to style or form does not require approval from the Architectural Review Board.

• Any change in materials on the exterior requires approval from the Architectural Review Board.

1001 Richmond Road

NEW BUILDINGS AND ADDITIONS - (AP-3)

New designs should contribute to existing buildings located in the district. Additions and alterations should be compatible with existing building designs with the use of high-quality building materials.

• New buildings and additions should be constructed of brick, horizontal wood siding, vinyl, aluminum, stucco, or cementitious siding. Wood shingles may be appropriate depending on the specific design.

• If vinyl siding is approved for use, it shall meet the following standards:

Standard: ASTM D3679 is the accepted industry standard for quality.

Thickness: A minimum of 0.042 inches is required for impact resistance and durability.

Style: A beaded siding with a minimum of 6.5 inches of exposure is required.

Color: White, ivory, and other soft, colonial-style colors are recommended.

Applicants must provide specifications of their vinyl siding and trim details with their application. The specifications must address the items listed above. When applying vinyl siding over existing siding, it is important to consider retaining trim details with their applications.

• Engineer wood products may be considered on a case-bycase basis.

• Metal siding, tiled-faced or ceramic-faced masonry units, and synthetic stucco such as EIFS are not allowed.

• Wood siding should be horizontal with a six to eight-inch exposure.

• Side and rear elevations should relate to the design elements and materials of the front elevation.

• Any wall should be built of not more than two materials, and those materials should change along a horizontals line such as a floor line or gable end. The heavier material, such as brick, should always be below the lighter material, such as wood.

• Small additions may be constructed with the same type of siding that is on the building, provided it matches the existing siding material in color, size, and thickness.

• Solid synthetic trim may be allowed on a case-by-case basis.

• All wood siding, wood shingles, and wood trim shall be sealed with paint or an opaque stain.

• Mortar used for brick should be buff or gray. White mortar is not recommended.

DOORS - (AP-3)

• Entrance doors should be wood or fiberglass with panels or some variation thereof. Windows, sidelights, and transoms in entrance doors are permitted, provided that they are proportioned and appropriate to the specific style of the building.

• Flush doors with applied trim are not permitted.

• Garage doors, utility doors, and service doors should be painted wood, steel, aluminum, or fiberglass and should correspond with the style of the building. For purposes of this section, utility and service doors are not located on the front of the structure.

• Storm doors should be made of painted wood or aluminum. Storm doors should relate to the architectural character of the entrance.

• Screen doors should be made of wood or aluminum with full view, and may be shuttered if appropriate for the specific style of the building.

PORCHES, DECKS, TERRACES, STOOPS, AND RAILS - (AP-3)

• Porches with a narrow frontage should be no less than six feet deep, while porches with a wide frontage should be at least eight feet deep.

• Porches and stoops should be constructed of wood or brick and contain appropriate-sized columns and rails for the design.

• Terraces may be constructed using masonry elements that are consistent with the structure.

• Solid synthetic materials will be considered on a case-bycase basis. Samples of proposed materials must be submitted with the application.

• Materials for railings may be wood, wrought iron, steel, or aluminum and should be designed to complement the architectural design of the building. Solid synthetic rails will be considered on a case-by-case basis.

• Face nailed balusters to a bottom and top rail are not acceptable.

• Screened porches should be located on the side or rear of the building.

• Columns are preferred to be Tuscan or Doric orders, although other types exist within the area. When used, columns should have correct proportions and profiles as described in The American Vignola and other traditional pattern books.

• Columns may be made of wood, although high-quality fiberglass columns and cellular PVC are acceptable.

• All posts should be at least five inches in the least dimension.

• Wood columns and posts should be sealed with paint or opaque stain.

• Modern deck designs are not appropriate in a front yard or if visible from a public street.

• Stoops at secondary entrances should be made of wood, brick, or concrete. If made of concrete, the sidewalls and

stair risers should be faced with brick.

WINDOWS, STORMS, SHUTTERS, AND AWNINGS - (AP-3)

Windows contribute to the façade of a building and will be evaluated on (1) the pattern of the openings and their size; (2) proportions of the frame and sash; (3) configuration of window panes; (4) muntin profiles; (5) material; (6) paint color; (7) characteristics of the glass; and (8) details or decorative elements.

• Wood, vinyl-clad wood, or pre-finished aluminum-clad wood windows are allowed.

• High-quality synthetic windows may be approved on a case-by-case basis. Applicants must provide the AAMA/WDMA/CAS101/I.S.2/A440-11 certification reference, manufacturer’s warranty (minimum 15 years), local examples of existing installation with a duration of at least 5 years, and how long the manufacturer has been in business (recommended length of business is at least as long as the warranty period).

• Windows in the Arts and Cultural District must have muntins on the exterior.

• Windows located in AP-3 outside of the Arts and Cultural District may have muntins on the interior or exterior of the glass.

• Windows should be rectangular single, double, or triple hung or operable casement type.

• Semi-circular, circular, or hexagonal windows are permitted but with minimal application and should be consistent with the architectural character of the building.

• Windows on the ground floor should be the same

proportion but slightly larger than windows on upper floors.

• Window openings in upper floors should be centered directly over openings in the ground floor whenever possible.

• Openings in gable ends should be symmetrical.

• Window openings should be at least three feet from building corners.

• Total glazed area on the street frontage should not exceed 30 percent of the total surface.

• Storm windows should be full view and constructed of wood or aluminum.

• An energy panel (interior storms) is an alternative to exterior storms and does not require approval from the Architectural Review Board.

• Shutters may be wood, vinyl, or high-quality composite shutters. If used, they must be sized to fit the opening, and fully operational with appropriate hardware.

• Metal shutters are not allowed.

• Awnings, if used, must be made of fabric with side panels to cover the undercarriage. Vinyl and metal awnings are not allowed.

ROOFS - (AP-3)

The types of wood-framed roofs typically fall into categories of symmetrical gables, gambrels, or hip roofs. Roof slopes are expressed as (y) inches of vertical rise : (x) feet of horizontal run. One-story primary roofs should have slopes not less than 7:12 and no steeper than 14:12. Two-story primary roofs may be as low as 4:12 and no steeper than 14:12. Secondary roofs

may have slopes less than 7:12 depending on the material used (i.e., metal roof over porches can be less than 7:12; whereas a shingle roof should be not less than 7:12). On residential structures, flat roofs should be used only as occupiable areas directly accessible from the outdoors. These must-have appropriate parapets and railings.

• Wood shingles, slate, architectural grade fiberglass shingles, metal shingles, high-quality synthetic slate, textured concrete shingles, and standing seam metal roofs are permitted. High-quality synthetic slate roofs must meet the following minimum standards: Impact UL 2218-Class 4, Accelerated Weathering ASTM 4798–little or no color changes, and Freeze-thaw ICC-ES Acceptance Criteria

ACO7 Section 4.9–no crazing, cracking, or other adverse surface changes, which must be provided with the application.

• Shiny metal roofs, exposed aluminum or exposed galvanized metal roofs, ceramic or synthetic ceramic roofing tiles, stamped metal decorative roofing panels, flat roofs, plastic, vinyl or other synthetic types of roofs are not permitted.

• Metal roofs may be appropriate for porch roofs or ancillary elements and should be copper or Gavalume type. Other colors may be acceptable on a case-by-case basis.

• Non-glossy colored anodized metal roofs should be gray, black, brown, dark green, or other earth tones. Flashing may be copper, vinyl, or anodized aluminum.

• Copper roofs, gutters, and flashing should not be painted or sealed but should be permitted to age naturally.

• Gable roof ends should have a minimum overhang of 12

inches.

• Single plane pitch roofs, i.e., shed roofs for houses, shall not be used on the main house but can be used on wings.

• Roof penetrations should be on the rear slope of roofs and painted to match the color of the roof. Skylights or solar panels should be mounted on the rear slope of the roof, colored to match the roof, and not be visible from the street.

• Dormers should have gabled, hipped, or shed roofs.

• Shiny metal roof vents, fireplace stacks, plumbing vents, or other pipes are not acceptable.

• Gutters and downspouts should be made of copper or aluminum and may be half-round or ogee. Where gutters are not used, it is recommended that brick, concrete, or gravel be placed at the drip line.

SOLAR FACILITIES - (AP-3)

• Only facilities located on the roof are allowed.

• Facilities shall not be visible from the Colonial Williamsburg Historic Area (CW).

• The use of solar roof tiles, laminates, glazing, and other technologies requiring the removal of intact historic fabric or permanently altering or damaging such fabric should be avoided.

• Solar panels should not project greater than 12 inches above the existing roof surface and should not be visible above the roof-line of a primary facade.

• Solar panels and their support structures should be compatible with the existing roof color.

• Consider placing solar panels on an existing, non‐historic

addition or accessory structure, thereby minimizing the impact of solar installation on the historic resource’s significant features and specifically protecting historic fabric against alteration.

• To the greatest extent possible, avoid placing solar panels on street‐facing walls or roofs, including those facing side streets. Installations below and behind parapet walls and dormers or on rear‐facing roofs are encouraged.

• Solar panels should not require alterations to significant or character‐defining features of a historic resource, such as altering existing roof lines or dormers. Avoid installations that obstruct views of significant architectural features, such as overlaying windows or decorative detailing.

CHIMNEYS - (AP-3)

• Chimneys can be used but are not required. They should be constructed of brick (unpainted) or, if constructed with the same material as the siding of the building, painted to match the building.

• Chimneys should be capped to conceal spark arresters.

• Primary chimneys should be rectilinear in design and should have a corbelled termination in keeping with existing types.

OUTBUILDINGS - (AP-3)

• Outbuildings must meet the same criteria (i.e., walls, openings, roof, etc.) as noted above for the main building.

• Metal outbuildings are not permitted.

FENCES - (AP-3)

• Wood, aluminum, and wrought iron fences in keeping with a residential scale are permitted. The maximum height allowed for fences located in a front yard is four feet, with up to six feet being allowed for a side or rear yard.

• Solid synthetic materials may be considered on a case-bycase basis.

• Salt-treated wooden fences must be painted or stained.

• Chain-link, wire, plastic, and vinyl fences are not permitted.

• The finished side must face the street and/or adjoining properties.

• Fences should contribute to the site’s character and not detract from the site’s p r i n c i p a l architectural features and should be compatible w i t h

sites.

• Fences that disrupt the harmony of the streetscape by breaking up established architectural rhythms are discouraged.

SITE ELEMENTS, SITING, AND LANDSCAPE FEATURES – (AP-3)

• Site elements should contribute to the site’s character and not detract from the site’s principal architectural features and should be compatible with adjacent sites.

• Mechanical equipment and trash facilities should be located in a side or rear yard and screened with vegetation or a fence which must be stained or painted to match the building.

• Landscape features above grade, but less than three feet in height may be constructed of timber, brick, or stone.

• Retaining walls (three feet or greater), if visible from the street, shall be constructed of brick. Retaining walls not visible from the street may be constructed of brick, stone, block, timber, or smooth finished concrete. If rails are required, they should be constructed of wrought iron or aluminum and colored to blend in with the building.

• Site furnishings such as tables, chairs, benches, planters, flower pots, light poles, trash containers, bike racks, and similar furnishings for commercial properties, must be

submitted and approved by the Board on a case-by-case basis. Single-family residential site furnishings do not require approval from the Board.

SMALL CELL WIRELESS FACILITIES-(AP-3)

• Facilities located on the interior of a building are permitted. Facilities not visible from the Colonial Williamsburg Historic Area (CW) or from a public right-ofway may be allowed if appearance and screening requirements are designed as outlined in the Design Review Guidelines. Co-location on utility poles may be permitted if appearance and screening requirements are designed as outlined in the Design Review Guidelines.

• Facilities shall not be visible from the Colonial Williamsburg Historic Area (CW) or a public right-of-way. Facilities shall be painted the same color as the structure for facilities affixed to the exterior of a building. All surfaces must contain a matte finish. Co-location on utility poles on private property must be painted to match the utility pole color. No shiny or reflective surfaces shall be allowed.

• Screening may be required for facilities. If required, screening shall match the existing building material. If there is no existing building, the facility must be screened with a wooden privacy fence not to exceed six feet in height. Salt-treated wooden fences must be painted or stained with the finished side of the fence facing the street and/or adjacent properties.

PAINT - (AP-3)

• Painted siding and trim should be limited to two colors from the approved color palette unless additional colors are approved by the Architectural Review Board on a caseby-case basis. A third color may be used for shutters and doors.

• Buildings located in the Arts and Cultural District will allow a wider range of colors and the total number of colors to allow flexibility and latitude in design.

• Additional paint colors from the approved color palette may be approved on a case-by-case basis for properties in the Arts and Cultural District.

o If colors are proposed that are not from the approved color palette; they may be approved by the Architectural Review Board on a case-by-case basis. Specific color chips or samples to include the color name must be submitted with the application.

• Brick that is bright red, orangish-red, pink, light red, or other colors may not be acceptable. Brick color should be a through-the-body color.

• Siding that is pink, bright silver, red, bright green, or blue, or colors that are visually out of character for the area and architectural style are not acceptable.

• Wood fences and decks must be painted or stained. Split rail fences may be left natural.

• Existing single-family dwellings or commercial buildings may duplicate or match existing color schemes without approval from the Architectural Review Board.

• Any new color scheme for single-family dwellings proposed to be applied to already painted surfaces comprised of no more than three colors as stated below from the Benjamin Moore Colonial Williamsburg color palette does not require approval from the Architectural Review Board.

• Any new color schemes for commercial buildings must be approved by the Architectural Review Board. New color schemes should respect the architectural style of the building and the colors of existing signage for any business on the property.

ACCEPTABLE COLORS FOR SIDING, DOORS, SHUTTERS, TRIM, AND WINDOWS - (AP-3)

Buildings shall be stained or sealed with a natural earth tone or painted using colors from the following Benjamin Moore Williamsburg color palette. These colors are approved for use on the entire structure.

White and Tan Color Range

Harwood Putty CW-5

Parish White CW-15

Williamsburg Stone CW-25

Palace Tan CW-35

Prentis Cream CW-100

Cornice Tan CW-115

Brush Beige CW-125

Timson Sand CW-140

Randolph Bisque CW-185

Chowning’s Tan CW-195

Wythe Tan CW-415

Brown and Black Color Range

Raleigh Sorrell CW-135

Coffeehouse Chocolate CW-165

Reid Brown CW-260

Lampblack CW-695

Gray Color Range

Tavern Gray CW-40

Tyler Gray CW-50

Cole Stone CW-60

Carter Gray CW-80

Palace Pearl CW-650

Tucker Gray CW-705

Capitol White CW-10

Geddy White CW-20

Market Square Shell CW-30

Lime White CW-95

Bracken Cream CW-105

Bracken Biscuit CW-120

Coffeehouse Tan CW-130

Brick House Tan CW-145

Raleigh Tan CW-190

Byrd Beige CW- 365

Bruton White CW-710

Dixon Brown CW-160

Tarpley Brown CW-170

Charlton Brown CW-265

York Gray CW-45

Finnie Gray CW-55

Randolph Stone CW-75

Tavern Charcoal CW-90

Slate CW-700

Bone Black CW-715

Green Color Range

Timson Green CW-470

Bassett Hall Green CW-480

Levingston Green CW-490 Waller Green CW-510

Red Color Range

Carriage Red CW-250 Palace Arms Red CW-255

Nicholson Red CW-270

Blue Color Range

Wetherburn’s Blue CW-580 Apollo Blue CW-645

Chiswell Blue CW-660

Yellow and Gold Color Range

Ludwell White CW-275 Sweeney Yellow CW-370

Tavern Ochre CW-375

Massicot CW-380

Coffeehouse Ochre CW-385 Bryan Ochre CW-390

Governor’s Gold CW-395 Chamber Yellow CW-410

Wythe Gold CW-420

Everard Gold CW-435

Scrivener Gold CW-430

ACCEPTABLE DOOR, SHUTTER, TRIM, AND WINDOW COLORS- (AP-3)

These colors are acceptable for limited use and are not allowed for the body or siding of a structure.

White and Tan Color Range

Calcite CW-110 Franklin White CW-200

Galt Peach CW-210

Brown and Black Color Range

Everard Coffee CW-150

Tucker Chocolate CW-175

Walnut CW-240

Bone Black CW-715

Gray Color Range

Gunsmith Gray CW-65

Randolph Gray CW-85

Pearl CW-640

Ambler Slate CW-685

Geddy Gray CW-720

Green Color Range

Gloucester Green CW-440

Greenhow Moss CW-450

Burgess Green CW-485

Nicholson Green CW-500

Sea Green CW-515

Raleigh Green CW-525

Buffet Green CW-535

Revolutionary Storm CW-155

Bucktrout Brown CW-180

Mopboard Black CW-680

Pelham Gray CW-70

Powell Smokehouse CW-360

Powell Gray CW-665

Bracken Slate CW-690

Burwell Green CW-445

Palmer Green CW-475

Russell Green CW-495

Windsor Green CW-505

Palace Green CW-520

Colonial Verdigris CW-530

Goodwin Green CW-555

Red Color Range

St. George Red CW-245 Cornwallis Red CW-315

Dragons Blood CW-320

King’s Red CW-335

Blue Color Range

Everard Blue CW-575

Randolph Blue CW-615

Prussian Blue CW-625

Brush Blue CW-675

Yellow and Gold Color Range

Moir Gold CW-280

English Ochre CW-290

Damask Gold CW-400

Cochineal Red CW-330

Greenhow Vermillion CW-340

Bracken Blue CW-600

Finley Blue CW-620

Washington Blue CW-630

Gamboge CW-285

Damask Yellow CW-400

CORRIDOR PROTECTION DISTRICTCOMMERCIAL

Designs for commercial buildings in the Corridor Protection District should improve these major entrance corridors’ aesthetic and visual character leading into the city and the Colonial Williamsburg Historic Area. New or replacement materials must be of high quality and present a good appearance. The standards in this section refer to new commercial development, redevelopment, and major renovations in the Corridor Protection District.

ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER - (CPCommercial)

The purpose of these guidelines is to develop an overarching architectural quality of design for commercial buildings in the commercial corridors. A consistent high-quality architectural design and building maintenance will improve the image of the corridors and contribute to a pleasing appearance along the major entryways in our community. Construction should respect the overall streetscape and preserve and enhance the natural features present on the project site.

• These guidelines describe a range of architectural practices that can be employed in numerous ways but still assure that any new construction, additions, or alterations of existing buildings are made in such a way as to complement and contribute to the existing scale and character of these corridors.

• Architecture for new buildings or additions should not

replicate or imitate historic buildings and be compatible with Williamsburg’s design traditions, forms, and materials.

• Generic franchise designs and buildings designed as Chinese pagodas, Italian villas, Mexican haciendas, New England lobster shacks, and similar themed designs are not acceptable.

• Franchise buildings are required to use elements of the city’s character to support and enhance the community identity.

• Building design should be specific to the selected site and the Williamsburg context.

• Sensitively designed modern architecture contributes vitality and cultural continuity to these corridors. In particular, public buildings in the city are typical of modern design. Exceptional contemporary architectural designs should address the unique site requirements and relate successfully to nearby styles and architecture.

• Sustainable design and the creative use of sustainable materials will be reviewed on a case-by-case basis depending on the design of the building. Chapter

Areas shaded in green are located in the Corridor Protection District

FAÇADE DESIGN - (CP-Commercial)

Façade Design is crucial to the overall impression of the architecture and particularly relates to the pedestrian’s and motorist’s perspective. The factors that must be considered in developing appropriate façade design are height, the proportion of the façade, the rhythm of the building and spaces, setback and location on site, complexity of building form, the rhythm of entrances, roof shapes and materials, continuity of streetscape, the proportion of openings, materials, and textures, architectural details, relation to historic styles, solids and voids, and colors.

• Façade design should not be overly complicated or overly monotonous and should respect the traditions of the town. Designs reflecting traditional proportions and elements are encouraged. False façade typical of theme parks and movie sets are not acceptable.

• Side and rear elevations should relate to the design elements and materials of the front elevation.

• Building façades that are long and continue without interruption can be unattractive. Large or multiple building projects should use a variation of detail, form, and siting to provide visual interest and prevent monotonous design and appearance. When the prominent façades of a new commercial building are longer than 30 feet, they should be modulated with breaks in the façade.

• Inadequate fenestration creates a fortress-like façade, and excessive glazing floods the surrounding areas with light, resulting in an overly aggressive approach to the street. Generally, at least 20% but not more than 30% of the front façade design should be “transparent” based on the

percentage of window fenestration but not including doorways.

• Windows contribute to the façade of a building and will be evaluated on: (1) the pattern of the openings and their size; (2) the proportions of the frame and sash; (3) the configuration of window panes; (4) muntin profiles; (5) material; (6) color; (7) characteristics of the glass; and (8) details or decorative elements. The use of traditional window proportions is highly encouraged, particularly for freestanding restaurants and offices, and retail structures, and or when adjacent to residential sections of the corridors, such as the Jamestown Road/Route 199 area. Care should be taken to avoid excessive glazing that is not in keeping with a traditional design approach.

• Large windows may be acceptable in the context of a properly designed shopping center or large commercial building. In traditional designs, windows, sidelights, and glazed doors must have exterior mullions/muntins or those which give the appearance of true divided lights and are non-removable.

• Solid glass windows or doors are usually not appropriate except selectively in shopping centers.

• True divided light or simulated true divided light windows are permitted; however, if mullions/muntins are proposed, they must be on the window’s exterior.

• Wood, vinyl-clad wood, pre-finished aluminum-clad wood, and solid PVC windows are permitted. Other types may be submitted for approval on a case-by-case basis.

• Aluminum storefront systems are acceptable for commercial buildings and will be reviewed for design and color.

• Shutters may be appropriate on buildings of a residential scale.

• When used, shutters must be in correct proportion to the windows or doors that they adjoin. Shutters must have attached hardware and be mounted to give the appearance of being operable. Shutters should not appear to be attached permanently to the wall.

• Wood, solid PVC, and solid composite shutters are permitted.

• Side and rear elevations should relate to the design elements and materials as the front façade.

ROOF DESIGN - (CP-Commercial)

A roof is a critical design element with both the shape and material contributing to the appearance of the building. Roofs and roof materials are important elements and will be given the same consideration as other exterior elements. Key considerations include shape and pitch, overall massing, overhangs, color, and materials.

• Pitched roofs are highly encouraged for freestanding restaurants, offices, and retail structures, particularly when adjacent to residential areas. Roof pitch is expressed as (y) inches of vertical rise / (x) feet of horizontal run. The minimum acceptable roof pitch is 5/12; however, greater roof pitches may be incorporated (6/12 up to 12/12) depending on the structure’s overall architectural design, scale, and massing.

• For large commercial structures (15,000 square feet or more), flat roofs may be allowed if the parapet or roof design provides adequate detail and visual interest.

• Roof materials and colors must be appropriate to the architectural style of the building. Slate, synthetic slate, architectural grade fiberglass shingles, cementitious shingles, and standing seam metal roofs are acceptable depending on the style of the building. Earth-tone colors such as black, gray, brown, dark green, or other earthtone colors are permitted. Other materials or colors may be acceptable and are subject to review on a case-by-case basis. High-quality synthetic slate roofs must meet the following minimum standards: Impact UL 2218-Class 4, Accelerated Weathering ASTM 4798–little or no color changes, and Freeze-thaw ICC-ES Acceptance Criteria

ACO7 Section 4.9–no crazing, cracking, or other adverse surface changes, which must be provided with the application.

• Regardless of the material, shiny and bright roof colors are not acceptable.

• For large commercial structures (15,000 square feet or more), flat roofs may be allowed if the parapet or roof design provides adequate detail and visual interest.

• If a mansard or "false" mansard roof is used on a large commercial structure, the roof should be consistent in slope and arrangement on all sides and high enough to screen all mechanical equipment.

BUILDING MATERIALS - (CP-Commercial)

The selection of appropriate building materials is critical to the overall architectural building character. Consistently applied guidelines for building materials will significantly improve the appearance of the corridors. Materials that reflect the city’s

traditions are highly encouraged. Major commercial buildings (two-story and higher, shopping centers, and buildings of over 10,000 square feet) should be constructed of brick. All other buildings should be constructed of brick and either horizontal wood or horizontal cementitious siding. Siding must have an exposure between six and eight inches and may have a beaded edge; the intended effect is to create a play of light and shadow on the wall surface. Other high-quality products may be acceptable on a case-by-case basis if the form, detailing, painting, and overall appearance convey the visual appearance of the authentic material.

• Small additions may be constructed with the same type of siding, provided it matches the existing siding material in color, size, and thickness.

• Existing metal, stucco, Dryvit, aluminum, vinyl, and synthetic siding may be replaced in kind with the same type of material, provided that it matches the existing siding material in color, size, and thickness.

• Engineered wood products may be considered on a caseby-case basis.

• Aluminum siding, vinyl siding, and sheeted siding are not acceptable materials for new construction.

• Synthetic stucco such as Dryvit or EIFS (Exterior Insulation and Finish System) is not acceptable as the primary building material. However, synthetic stucco may be acceptable as an accent material on buildings of contemporary design or in renovations.

• Materials for railings may be wood, wrought iron, steel, or aluminum and should be designed to complement the architectural design of the building. Synthetic railings will

be considered on a case-by-case basis.

• Hollow vinyl materials and rails are not acceptable.

• Face nailed balusters to a bottom and top rail are not acceptable.

• High-quality solid synthetic materials that resemble wood are acceptable for use as trim. Material samples must be submitted with the application.

• Prefabricated metal buildings are not allowed along the city's entrance corridors.

BRICK AND PAINT COLORS - (CP-Commercial)

Color is a major determinant of how successfully a building contributes to the streetscape in the city's entrance corridors. The choice of color should be compatible with Williamsburg's design traditions.

• Colors for brick should be red or muted earth tones.

• Mortar used for brick should be buff or gray. White mortar is not recommended.

• Buildings shall be stained or sealed with a natural earth tone or painted using colors from the following Benjamin Moore Williamsburg color palette.

• Clad windows and clad trim should conform to the same color standards as painted wood.

• Siding and trim should be limited to three colors on a building. Wood fences and decks must be painted or stained. Split rail fences may be left natural.

• Existing commercial buildings may duplicate or match existing color schemes without approval from the Architectural Review Board.

• Any new color schemes for commercial buildings must be

approved by the Architectural Review Board. New color schemes should respect the architectural style of the building and the colors of existing signage for any businesses on the property.

• Painting natural brick surfaces or naturally finished wood surfaces requires approval by the Architectural Review Board.

ACCEPTABLE COLORS FOR SIDING, DOORS, SHUTTERS, TRIM, AND WINDOWS - (CPCommercial)

Buildings shall be stained or sealed with a natural earth tone or painted using a color combination from the Benjamin Moore Williamsburg color palette. Any change in color or a new color scheme for commercial buildings in the Corridor Protection District must receive approval from the Architectural Review Board before changing any color. Below is a list of acceptable colors depending on the proposed color scheme for buildings located in the Corridor Protection District:

White and Tan Color Range

Harwood Putty CW-5

Parish White CW-15

Williamsburg Stone CW-25

Palace Tan CW-35

Tavern Charcoal CW-90

Prentis Cream CW-100

Calcite CW-110

Bracken Biscuit CW-120

Coffeehouse Tan CW-130

Capitol White CW-10

Geddy White CW-20

Market Square Shell CW-30

Randolph Gray CW-85

Lime White CW-95

Bracken Cream CW-105

Cornice Tan CW-115

Brush Beige CW-125

Timson Sand CW-140

Brick House Tan CW-145 Randolph Beige CW-185

Raleigh Tan CW-190 Chowning’s Tan CW-195

Franklin White CW-200 Byrd Beige CW-365

Wythe Tan CW-415 Bruton White CW-710

Brown and Black Color Range

Raleigh Sorrell CW-135 Everard Coffee CW-150

Revolutionary Storm CW-155 Dixon Brown CW-160

Coffeehouse Chocolate CW-165 Tarpley Brown CW-170

Tucker Chocolate CW-175 Bucktrout Brown CW-180

Walnut CW-240 Reid Brown CW-260

Charlton Brown CW-265

Mopboard Black CW-680

Gray Color Range

Tavern Gray CW-40

Tyler Gray CW-50

Cole Stone CW-60

Pelham Gray CW-70

Carter Gray CW-80

York Gray CW-45

Finnie Gray CW-55

Gunsmith Gray CW-65

Randolph Stone CW-75

Randolph Gray CW-85

Tavern Charcoal CW-90 Pearl CW-640

Powell Gray CW-665

Bracken Slate CW-690

Slate CW-700

Bone Black CW-715

Green Color Range

Amber Slate CW-685

Lampblack CW-695

Tucker Gray CW-705

Geddy Gray CW-720

Timson Green CW-470 Palmer Green CW-475

Bassett Hall Green CW-480

Levingston Green CW-490

Nicholson Green CW-500

Burgess Green - CW-485

Russell Green CW-495

Waller Green CW-510

Palace Green - CW-520 Raleigh Green CW-525

Goodwin Green CW-555

Red Color Range

Carriage Red CW-250 Palace Arms Red CW-255

Nicholson Red CW-270 Brickyard Red CW-325

Cochineal Red CW-330 King’s Red CW-335

Greenhow Vermillion CW-340

Blue Color Range

Everard Blue CW-575 Wetherburn’s Blue CW-580

Williamsburg Wythe Blue CW-590

Washington Blue CW-630 Apollo Blue CW-645

Chiswell Blue CW-660 Brush Blue CW-675

Yellow and Gold Color Range

Ludwell White CW-275 Moir Gold CW-280

Gamboge CW-285 Sweeney Yellow CW-370

Tavern Ochre CW-375 Massicot CW-380

Coffeehouse Ochre CW-385 Bryan Ochre CW-390

Governor’s Gold CW-395 Damask Yellow CW-400

Damask Gold CW-405 Chamber Yellow CW-410

Wythe Gold CW-420 Scrivener Gold CW-430

Everard Gold CW-435

LIGHTING - (CP-Commercial)

The purpose of lighting is to provide adequate safety for residents and visitors to the city. Lighting fixtures must be compatible with the structure and/or site on which they are installed and with adjacent properties if visible from them. Poles, posts, and light stanchions should be designed as an integral part of the site.

• Galvanized metal, bright colors, and other visually intrusive materials should not be used. Height should be compatible with the existing scale.

• For developments requiring a site plan, the Police Department determines the minimum level of lighting required for security and safety. Lighting wattage and distribution are evaluated during the site plan review process. The Architectural Review Board may submit comments to the Site Plan Review Committee.

• Lighting intensity should be no greater than the minimum required to satisfy safety and security concerns.

• Lighting color should be 2,700 - 3,500 Kelvin.

• Light should not distort colors and should not spill over onto adjoining properties, roadways, or in any way interfere with the vision of oncoming motorists or pedestrians.

• Site lighting should be of low intensity from a concealed light source fixture. However, decorative, low-level intensity, non-concealed source lighting which defines vehicular and/or pedestrian ways may be acceptable if this is part of a lighting master plan showing the relationship of the fixtures and the light patterns to each other, to the overall site, and the adjacent street(s). The use of nonconcealed source lighting as general lighting for development is not desirable.

• Landscape lighting should be visually unobtrusive during both the day and night. It should complement the architecture and outdoor spaces rather than spotlighting or outlining them.

case basis.

GASOLINE STATIONS AND OTHER CANOPIES(CP-Commercial)

(For Guidelines regarding Awnings, see Chapter 12)

• Canopies significantly affect the visual character of a commercial corridor. Design, details, colors, and light fixtures for canopies shall be submitted to the Architectural Review Board for approval.

• The design of canopies should build upon the site’s overall design to include the main building. Therefore, the height of canopies should not exceed the height of the main building.

• Canopies constructed on an individual lot shall not exceed 20 feet in height.

• Canopy supports should be proportional to the design and canopy size.

• Canopy colors should blend in with and be consistent with the main building and streetscape.

• Bright or glaring colors are not acceptable.

• Canopy lighting must be designed to minimize glare from the fixtures and installed to prevent spillover onto adjacent roads or properties.

• It is recommended that the material for the canopy match the building.

FENCES - (CP-Commercial)

• Wood, aluminum, and wrought iron fences are permitted. See Section 21-611 of the Zoning Ordinance for the allowed height of fences in a front, side, and rear yard.

• Solid synthetic materials may be considered on a case-by-

• Salt-treated wooden fences must be painted or stained.

• Chain-link, wire, plastic, and hollow vinyl fences are not permitted.

• The finished side must face the street and/or adjoining properties.

• Fences should contribute to the site’s character and not detract from the site’s principal architectural features and should be compatible with adjacent sites.

• Fences that disrupt the harmony of the streetscape by breaking up established architectural rhythms are discouraged.

SITE ELEMENTS, SITING, AND LANDSCAPE FEATURES - (CP-Commercial)

• Site elements should contribute to the site’s character and not detract from the site’s principal architectural features and should be compatible with adjacent sites.

• Mechanical equipment and trash facilities should be located in a side or rear yard and screened with materials to match the building.

• Landscape features above grade, but less than three feet in height may be constructed of timber, brick, or stone.

• Retaining walls (three feet high or greater) if visible from the street shall be constructed of brick. Retaining walls not visible from the street may be constructed of brick, stone, block, timber, or smooth finished concrete. If rails are required, they should be constructed of wrought iron or aluminum and colored to blend in with the building.

• Site furnishings such as tables, chairs, benches, planters,

flower pots, light poles, trash containers, bike racks, and similar items must be approved by the Board on a case-bycase basis.

SMALL CELL WIRELESS FACILITIES - (CPCommercial)

• Facilities may be located where they are not visible from a public right-of-way if appearance and screening requirements are designed as outlined in the Design Review Guidelines. Co-location on utility poles on private property may be permitted if appearance and screening requirements are designed as outlined in the Design Review Guidelines.

• Facilities shall be painted the same color as the building for facilities affixed to the exterior of a building. All surfaces must contain a matte finish. Co-location on utility poles on private property must be painted to match the utility pole color. No shiny or reflective surfaces shall be allowed.

• Screening may be required for facilities. If required, screening shall match the existing building material. If there is no existing building, the facility must be screened with a wooden privacy fence not to exceed six feet in height. Salt-treated wooden fences must be painted or stained with the finished side of the fence facing the street and/or adjacent properties.

SOLAR FACILITIES - (CP-Commercial)

• Only facilities located on the roof are allowed.

• Facilities shall not be visible from the Colonial Williamsburg Historic Area (CW).

• The use of solar roof tiles, laminates, glazing, and other technologies that require the removal or altering of significant architectural features should be avoided.

• Solar panels should not project greater than 12 inches above the existing roof surface and should not be visible above the roofline of a primary façade.

• Solar panels and their support structures should be compatible with the existing roof color.

• Consider placing solar panels on an existing, non‐historic addition or accessory structure, thereby minimizing the impact of solar installation on the historic resource’s significant features and specifically protecting historic fabric against alteration.

• To the greatest extent possible, avoid placing solar panels on street‐facing walls or roofs, including those facing side streets. Installations below and behind parapet walls and dormers or on rear‐facing roofs are encouraged.

• Solar panels should not require alterations to a historic resource’s significant or character-defining features, such as altering existing roof lines or dormers. Avoid installations that obstruct views of significant architectural features, such as overlaying windows or decorative detailing.

APPROVAL OF NEW MATERIALS - (CPCommercial)

The Architectural Review Board will continue to review new materials regularly and may approve them for use on a case-bycase basis. New materials may be presented to the Board during any regular meeting and should include a sample of the material and the manufacturer’s specifications for the material. If the Board feels that the Design Review Guidelines should be amended to include the new material, the Board may initiate an amendment to the Guidelines in accordance with Article IX, Architectural Review, Sec. 21-853(h), of the Zoning Ordinance.

Designs for residential buildings in the Corridor Protection District should improve these major entrance corridors’ aesthetic and visual character to the city and the Colonial Williamsburg Historic Area. New or replacement materials must be of high quality and present a good appearance. The standards in this section refer to new residential development, additions, and major renovations in the Corridor Protection District.

AESTHETIC CHARACTER - (CP-RESIDENTIAL)

The purpose of these guidelines is to develop an overarching aesthetic quality of design for residential buildings in the commercial corridors. A consistent high-quality of design and building maintenance will improve the image of the corridors and contribute to a pleasing appearance along the major entryways in our community. Construction should respect the overall streetscape and preserve and enhance the natural features present on the project site.

• These guidelines describe a range of prescriptive architectural practices that can be employed in numerous ways but still assure that any new construction, addition, or alteration of existing buildings is done in such a way as to complement and contribute to the existing scale and character in these corridors.

• The architecture for new buildings and additions should not replicate or imitate historic buildings but be compatible with Williamsburg’s design traditions, forms, and materials.

• Traditional architectural styles associated with Williamsburg provide flexibility of design and innovative possibilities for responding to the existing pattern of development for the residential sections of the corridors, thus fitting into and building up patterns along the corridors. This includes Georgian, Queen Anne, and colonial revival styles, bungalows, and four-square forms.

• Adaptations of these architectural styles ensure long-term compatibility within the city and enhance opportunities for the adaptive use of buildings.

• Exceptional contemporary architectural designs should address the unique site requirements and relate successfully to nearby styles and architecture. Sensitively designed modern architecture contributes vitality and cultural continuity to these corridors.

• Sustainable design and the creative use of sustainable materials will be reviewed on a case-by-case basis depending on the design of the building.

Chapter 10 - Corridor Protection District - Residential

Areas shaded in green are in the Corridor Protection District

EXISTING RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS - (CPRESIDENTIAL)

Maintaining the high-quality appearance of residential buildings, architectural features, and details is important for preserving the aesthetics of the Corridor Protection District.

• Existing materials may be replaced in kind without approval from the Board.

• Any material change requires approval from the Architectural Review Board.

• Replacement of existing materials with brick, wood, stucco, cementitious siding, engineered wood products and high quality vinyl may be acceptable with approval from the Board and should be of a matte finish.

• Wood and cementitious siding should be horizontal with a six to eight-inch exposure.

• Wood and high-quality solid synthetic trim resembling wood such as cellular PVC and cementitious trim are permitted with the Board’s approval. Samples of the proposed synthetic trim must be provided for review with the application.

• Storm windows should be full view and constructed of wood or aluminum.

• For buildings with synthetic materials replacement with another siding may be acceptable if approved by the Architectural Review Board.

• For Solar Facilities guidelines, see page 6 of this chapter.

NEW RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS AND ADDITIONS(CP-RESIDENTIAL)

New designs should contribute to a sense of visual coherence in the corridors. For example, in a neighborhood of two-story, vertically oriented houses (Colonial Revival, Victorian, etc.), an infill project with a one-story, horizontally oriented design such as a Ranch house may not be appropriate. The architect for infill construction should examine and evaluate the structural and natural forms that will affect the project and should creatively design a compatible solution that respects the scale and palette of neighboring architectural features. The construction of modern tract house designs for singlefamily dwellings, townhomes, and condominiums are not acceptable in the Corridor Protection District. Buildings should be designed for the specific site using building materials and construction techniques found in the city, rather than the design language of modern developer-built spec houses. A wide range of materials is used in the construction of building walls in the Corridors:

• Acceptable materials for new residential buildings and additions are brick, wood, stucco, cementitious siding, high-quality vinyl and engineered wood products with a matte finish.

• Wood and cementitious siding should be horizontal with a six to eight-inch exposure.

• Cedar shingles may be used on select elements of a building, such as dormers or attic-level gable ends, depending on the proposed style of the building. In

Chapter 10 - Corridor Protection District - Residential

general, shingles may be combined with wood siding when the material change occurs horizontally, typically at a floor line or gable end. Shingles may be square cut or scalloped with a maximum of ten-inch exposure.

• Cladding material needs to reflect the style and design of the building.

• Any wall should be built of not more than two materials, and those materials should change along a horizontal line such as a floor line or gable end. The heavier material such as brick should always be below the lighter material such as wood or cementitious siding.

• Side and rear elevations should relate to the design elements and materials of the front elevation.

• Small additions may be constructed with the same type of siding, provided it matches the existing siding material in color, size, and thickness.

• Buildings with siding require foundation walls and piers of finished brick. Walls should be no less than 24 inches above grade but should not exceed 36 inches unless grade changes dictate more. Basements should meet this requirement unless grade changes dictate more.

• Building siting should be consistent with the street elevation, site topography, and adjacent buildings. Unusual site conditions may warrant exceptions which may be approved on a case-by-case basis.

• Wood and high-quality solid synthetic trim resembling wood such as cellular PVC and cementitious boards are permitted. Samples of synthetic trim must be provided for review with the application.

• All wood siding, wood shingles, and wood trim shall be sealed with paint or an opaque stain.

• Mortar used for brick should be buff or gray. White mortar is not recommended.

DOORS - (CP-RESIDENTIAL)

• Entrance doors should be wood or fiberglass with panels or some variation thereof. Windows, sidelights, and transoms in entrance doors are permitted, provided that they are proportioned and appropriate to the specific style of the building.

• If entrance doors with windows have mullions/muntins, they must be on the exterior.

• Flush doors with applied trim are not permitted.

• Garage doors, utility doors, and service doors should be painted wood, aluminum, steel, or fiberglass and correspond with the style of the building.

• Storm doors should be made of painted wood or anodized aluminum and have a full-view window. Storm doors should relate to the architectural character of the entrance.

• Screen doors should be made of wood or aluminum with full view, shuttered, or appropriate for the specific style of the building.

PORCHES, DECKS, TERRACES, STOOPS, AND RAILS(CP-RESIDENTIAL)

• Porches with a narrow frontage should be no less than six feet deep, while porches with a wide frontage should be at least eight feet deep.

• Porches, decks, terraces, and stoops should be constructed of wood, solid synthetic materials that

Chapter 10 - Corridor Protection District - Residential

resemble wood or brick. A sample of the proposed synthetic material must be submitted with the application.

• Materials for railings may be wood, wrought iron, steel, and aluminum and should be designed to complement the architectural design of the building. A solid synthetic material may be acceptable if a sample is submitted with the application for the Board to review and determine if the material mimics an approved material.

• Modern deck designs are not appropriate for the front or sides of a building.

• Face nailed balusters to a bottom and top rail are not acceptable.

• Decks should be located in the rear and must be painted or stained to match the main building.

• When decks exceed thirty-six inches above grade, the supports must be designed proportionally.

• Hollow vinyl materials and rails are not acceptable.

• Screened porches should be located on the side or rear of the building.

• Columns are preferred to be Tuscan or Doric orders, although other types exist within the area. When used, columns should have correct proportions and profiles as described in The American Vignola and other traditional pattern books.

• All square posts should be no less than 5x5 inches.

• Wood columns and posts should be sealed with paint or opaque stain.

• Stoops at secondary entrances should be made of wood, brick, or concrete. If made of concrete, the sidewalls and stair risers should be faced with brick.

WINDOWS AND SHUTTERS - (CP-RESIDENTIAL)

• Wood, vinyl-clad wood, pre-finished aluminum-clad wood, and cellular PVC windows are permitted. Other types may be submitted for approval on a case-by-case basis.

• High-quality synthetic windows may be approved on a case-by-case basis. Applicants must provide the AAMA/WDMA/CAS101/I.S.2/A440-11 certification reference, manufacturer’s warranty (minimum 15 years), local examples of existing installation with a duration of at least five years, and how long the manufacturer has been in business (recommended length of business is at least as long as the warranty period).

• Windows should be rectangular, single, double, or triple hung or operable casement type. Semi-circular, circular, or hexagonal windows are permitted but with a minimal application. Windows on the ground floor should be the same proportion but slightly larger than the windows on the upper floors. Window openings on the upper floors should be centered directly over openings on the first floor whenever possible. Openings in gable ends should be centered. Window openings should be at least three feet from building corners. Total glazed on the street frontage should not exceed 30 percent of the total surface.

• True divided lights or simulated true divided lights are permitted. If mullions/muntins are used, care should be taken to ensure a consistent pane size between windows and may be interior or exterior.

• Wood, solid PVC, and solid composite shutters are permitted. Shutters must contain appropriate hardware to appear operable.

Chapter 10 - Corridor Protection District - Residential

ROOFS - (CP-RESIDENTIAL)

• Wood shingles, slate, synthetic slate, architectural grade fiberglass shingles, cementitious shingles, and standing seam metal roofs are permitted. High-quality synthetic slate roofs must meet the following minimum standards: Impact UL 2218-Class 4, Accelerated Weathering ASTM 4798–little or no color changes, and Freeze-thaw ICC-ES

Acceptance Criteria ACO7 Section 4.9–no crazing, cracking, or other adverse surface changes, which must be provided with the application.

• Metal roofs may be appropriate for porch roofs or other ancillary elements. Metal should be copper or Galvalume type. Other colors may be acceptable on a case-by-case basis.

• Non-glossy colored anodized metal roofs should be gray, black, brown, dark green, or other earth tones. Flashing may be copper, vinyl, or anodized aluminum.

• Copper roofs, gutters, and flashing should not be painted or sealed but should age naturally.

• The types of wood-framed roofs typically fall into categories of symmetrical gables, gambrels, or hip roofs. Gables are the most prevalent. On one-story houses, primary roofs should have slopes no less than 7:12. Secondary roofs may have slopes less than 7:12 depending on the material used (i.e., metal roofs over porches can be less than 7:12). On residential structures, flat roofs should be used only on porches directly accessible from outdoors. These must-have appropriate parapets or railings.

• Roofs on two-story houses may be as low as 4:12 and no steeper than 12:12.

• Gable roof ends should have a minimum overhang of 12 inches.

• Single plane pitch roofs, i.e., shed roofs for houses, shall not be used on the main house but can be used on wings.

• Roofs over a secondary entrance should be shed roofs supported by brackets.

• Roof penetrations should be on the rear slope of roofs and painted to match the color of the roof. Skylights or solar panels should be mounted on the rear slope of the roof, colored to match the roof, and not visible from the street.

• Dormers should have gabled, hipped, or shed roofs.

• Gutters and downspouts should be made of copper or anodized aluminum and maybe half-round or ogee. Where gutters are not used, it is recommended that brick or gravel be placed at the drip line.

SOLAR FACILITIES - (CP-RESIDENTIAL)

• Only facilities located on the roof are allowed.

• Facilities shall not be visible from the Colonial Williamsburg Historic Area (CW).

• The use of solar roof tiles, laminates, glazing, and other technologies that require removing or altering significant architectural features should be avoided.

• Solar panels should not project greater than 12 inches above the existing roof surface and should not be visible above the roof-line of a primary façade.

• Solar panels and their support structures should be compatible with the existing roof color.

• To the greatest extent possible, avoid placing solar panels

on street‐facing walls or roofs, including those facing side streets. Installations below and behind parapet walls and dormers or on rear‐facing roofs are encouraged.

• Solar panels should not require alterations to characterdefining features, such as altering existing roof lines or dormers. Avoid installations that obstruct views of significant architectural features, such as overlaying windows or decorative detailing.

CHIMNEYS - (CP-RESIDENTIAL)

• Chimneys can be used but are not required. They should be constructed of brick (unpainted) or, if constructed with the same material as the siding of the building, painted to match the building.

• Chimneys should be capped to conceal spark arresters.

• Primary chimneys should be rectilinear in design and are preferred to have a corbelled termination in keeping with existing types.

OUTBUILDINGS - (CP-RESIDENTIAL)

• Outbuildings must meet the same criteria (i.e., walls, openings, roof, etc.) as noted above for the main building.

• Metal outbuildings are not permitted.

FENCES - (CP-RESIDENTIAL)

• Wood, aluminum, and wrought iron fences in keeping with a residential scale are permitted. See Section 21-611 of the Zoning Ordinance for the allowed height of fences in a front, side, and rear yard.

• Solid synthetic materials may be considered on a case-bycase basis. A sample of the synthetic material must be submitted with the application for review by the board.

• Salt-treated wooden fences must be painted or stained.

• Chain-link, wire, plastic, and vinyl fences are not permitted.

• The finished side must face the street and/or adjoining properties.

• Fences should contribute to the site’s character and not detract from the site’s principal architectural features and should be compatible with adjacent sites.

• Fences that disrupt the harmony of the streetscape by breaking up established architectural rhythms are discouraged.

SITE ELEMENTS, SITING, AND LANDSCAPE FEATURES - (CP-RESIDENTIAL)

• Site elements should contribute to the site’s character and not detract from the site’s principal architectural features and should be compatible with adjacent sites.

• Mechanical equipment and trash facilities should be located in a side or rear yard and screened with vegetation or a fence which must be stained or painted to match the building.

• Landscape features above grade, but less than three feet in height may be constructed of timber, brick, or stone.

• Retaining walls (three feet or greater) in front yards shall be constructed of brick. Retaining walls not located in a front yard and visible from the street may be constructed of brick, stone, block, or smooth finished concrete. If rails

are required, they should be constructed of wrought iron or aluminum and colored to blend in with the building.

• Single-family residential site furnishings do not require approval from the Board.

SMALL CELL WIRELESS FACILITIES - (CPRESIDENTIAL)

• Facilities may be located where they are not visible from a public right-of-way if appearance and screening requirements are designed as outlined in the Design Review Guidelines. Co-location on utility poles on private property may be permitted if appearance and screening requirements are designed as outlined in the Design Review Guidelines.

• Facilities shall be painted the same color as the building for facilities affixed to the exterior of a building. All surfaces must contain a matte finish. Co-location on utility poles on private property must be painted to match the utility pole color. No shiny or reflective surfaces shall be allowed.

• Screening may be required for facilities. If required, screening shall match the existing building material. If there is no existing building, the facility must be screened with a wooden privacy fence not to exceed six feet in height. Salt-treated wooden fences must be painted or stained with the finished side of the fence facing the street and/or adjacent properties.

BRICK AND PAINT COLORS - (CP-RESIDENTIAL)

• Buildings shall be stained or sealed with a natural earth

tone or painted using colors from the approved colors from Benjamin Moore Williamsburg color palette as outlined on Pages 9 and 10.

• Siding and trim on a building is limited to three colors from the approved color palette as outlined on pages 9 and 10. The number of colors may be increased on a case-by-case basis, with specific color samples from the approved colors palette being submitted with the application.

• Wood fences and decks must be painted or stained. Split rail fences may be left natural.

• Existing commercial buildings may duplicate or match existing color schemes without approval from the Architectural Review Board.

• Painting natural brick surfaces or naturally finished wood surfaces requires approval by the Architectural Review Board.

ACCEPTABLE COLORS FOR SIDING, DOORS, SHUTTERS, TRIM, AND WINDOWS - (CPRESIDENTIAL)

Buildings shall be stained or sealed with a natural earth tone or painted using select colors from the following Benjamin Moore Williamsburg color palette. These colors are approved for use on the entire structure.

White and Tan Color Range

Harwood Putty CW-5

Parish White CW-15

Williamsburg Stone CW-25

Palace Tan CW-35

Prentis Cream CW-100

Cornice Tan CW-115

Brush Beige CW-125

Timson Sand CW-140

Randolph Bisque CW-185

Chowning’s Tan CW-195

Wythe Tan CW-415

Brown and Black Color Range

Raleigh Sorrell CW-135

Coffeehouse Chocolate CW-165

Reid Brown CW-260

Lampblack CW-695

Gray Color Range

Tavern Gray CW-40

Tyler Gray CW-50

Cole Stone CW-60 Randolph Stone CW-75

Carter Gray CW-80

Palace Pearl CW-650

Tavern Charcoal CW-90

Slate CW-700

Tucker Gray CW-705 Bone Black CW-715

Green Color Range

Timson Green CW-470 Bassett Hall Green CW-480

Levingston Green CW-490

Waller Green CW-510

Capitol White CW-10

Geddy White CW-20

Market Square Shell CW-30

Lime White CW-95

Bracken Cream CW-105

Bracken Biscuit CW-120

Coffeehouse Tan CW-130

Brick House Tan CW-145

Raleigh Tan CW-190

Byrd Beige CW- 365

Bruton White CW-710

Dixon Brown CW-160

Tarpley Brown CW-170

Charlton Brown CW-265

Red Color Range

Carriage Red CW-250 Palace Arms Red CW-255

Nicholson Red CW-270

Blue Color Range

Wetherburn’s Blue CW-580 Apollo Blue CW-645

Chiswell Blue CW-660

Yellow and Gold Color Range

Ludwell White CW-275 Sweeney Yellow CW-370

Tavern Ochre CW-375 Massicot CW-380

Coffeehouse Ochre CW-385 Bryan Ochre CW-390

Governor’s Gold CW-395 Chamber Yellow CW-410

Wythe Gold CW-420 Scrivener Gold CW-430

Everard Gold CW-435

York Gray CW-45

Finnie Gray CW-55

ACCEPTABLE DOOR, SHUTTER, TRIM, AND WINDOW COLORS - (CP-RESIDENTIAL)

These colors are acceptable for limited use and are not allowed for the body or siding of a structure.

White and Tan Color Range

Calcite CW-110

Galt Peach CW-210

Brown and Black Color Range

Everard Coffee CW-150

Tucker Chocolate CW-175

Walnut CW-240

Bone Black CW-715

Gray Color Range

Gunsmith Gray CW-65

Randolph Gray CW-85

Pearl CW-640

Ambler Slate CW-685

Geddy Gray CW-720

Green Color Range

Gloucester Green CW-440

Greenhow Moss CW-450

Burgess Green CW-485

Nicholson Green CW-500

Sea Green CW-515

Raleigh Green CW-525

Buffet Green CW-535

Franklin White CW-200

Revolutionary Storm CW-155

Bucktrout Brown CW-180

Mopboard Black CW-680

Red Color Range

St. George Red CW-245 Cornwallis Red CW-315

Dragons Blood CW-320 Cochineal Red CW-330

King’s Red CW-335 Greenhow Vermillion CW-340

Blue Color Range

Everard Blue CW-575 Bracken Blue CW-600

Randolph Blue CW-615

Finley Blue CW-620

Prussian Blue CW-625 Washington Blue CW-630

Brush Blue CW-675

Yellow and Gold Color Range

Moir Gold CW-280

English Ochre CW-290

Damask Gold CW-400

Pelham Gray CW-70

Powell Smokehouse CW-360

Powell Gray CW-665

Bracken Slate CW-690

Burwell Green CW-445

Palmer Green CW-475

Russell Green CW-495

Windsor Green CW-505

Palace Green CW-520

Colonial Verdigris CW-530

Goodwin Green CW-555

Gamboge CW-285

Damask Yellow CW-400

APPROVAL OF NEW MATERIALS

The Architectural Review Board will continue to review new materials regularly and may approve them for use on a case-bycase basis. New materials may be presented to the Board during any regular meeting and should include a sample of the material and the manufacturer’s specifications for the material. If the Board feels that the Design Review Guidelines should be amended to include the new material, the Board may initiate an amendment to the Guidelines in accord with Article IX, Architectural Review, Sec. 21-853(h), of the Zoning Ordinance.

SIGNS

It is the intent of the signs section of the Design Review Guidelines to ensure that new signs enhance the visual image of the property, complement the existing conditions along the street, and are compatible with the goals for signage in Article VI Signs of the Zoning Ordinance.

The City Sign Ordinance determines the size, number, location, and type of signage allowed in given sign districts throughout the City. Designs for new signs or modifications to existing signs in the Architectural Preservation Districts and the Corridor Protection District must receive the Architectural Review Board’s approval before sign permits are issued.

The following sign districts are located in the City:

Colonial Williamsburg Sign District is located in the Colonial Williamsburg Historic Area and allows small historic style signs of a modest scale and illumination.

Residential Sign District includes residential neighborhoods along the entrance corridors, and typical signs include subdivision identification and room rental to visitors. Any illumination must be external.

Downtown Sign District includes Merchant’s Square and the surrounding areas and allows signs that are compatible with the area’s pedestrian character. Any illumination must be external.

Corridor Sign District includes the major entrance corridors into the City, and allows larger signs with external and internal illumination.

Midtown Sign District is designed to transition between the downtown sign district and the corridor sign district. This district also additional flixibility in sign colors and design due to its unique character.

In the Architectural Preservation Districts, it is the intent of the Guidelines to ensure that all signs maintain and enhance the aesthetic environment of the Colonial Williamsburg Historic Area and surrounding neighborhoods and commercial areas. Signs should respect the architectural features of the related

In the Corridor Protection District, signs should be incorporated into the site plan design and should positively contribute to the aesthetic character of the streetscape.

Sign Design

Sign Design should be compatible with the architectural character of the related building and its site. Materials, colors, and lettering on all signage for the identified business should be uniform throughout the site and should be compatible with the related building.

Sign Design Guidelines:

• For size and location requirements see Article VI Signs, in the Zoning Ordinance.

• The graphic design should be simple in approach and generally should reflect only the business logo and the nature of the business or service.

• Signs should not appear busy, cluttered, or crowded.

• Materials and design should be compatible with the design of the building.

• Exposed neon tubing and exposed LEDs are not permitted.

• For longer messages, uppercase, and lowercase lettering is recommended since it is easier to read than all uppercase lettering.

• Where more than one business or occupant shares a building, it is recommended that the property owner submit a master sign plan.

Monument & Freestanding Signs

• A monument sign is a ground-mounted sign mounted on a contiguous base having a minimum width of at least 90 percent of the sign and its supporting structure.

o If pole covers are used, the width of the pole cover must be at least 90% of the sign width and its supporting structure. It must be simple in design, and its color must coordinate with the sign’s face and building.

• A freestanding sign is supported by one or more columns, uprights or braces, in or upon the ground, but not attached to a building.

• The height of the base for a monument sign shall not exceed 50%of the sign’s face height.

• Sign bases should be a part of the overall sign design and should complement the sign face. Any planting must be indicated on a site plan and submitted with the sign package. For monument or freestanding signs both sides of a double-face sign element should line up so that a blank space is not visible from the opposite side (e.g., the sign faces should line up when viewed from either side).

• No more than three typefaces/fonts are recommended per sign.

• For monument and freestanding signs, the lettering height should be between eight and 15 inches. Exceptions may be approved on a case-by-case basis depending on the sign design, distance from the street, and compatibility with the streetscape.

• If multiple monument or freestanding signs are allowed, they shall be located in separate areas of the site for readability and clarity rather than grouped together in

in the Corridor Sign e than 25% of the

Colors of Signs

The color of signs plays an important part in the overall appearance and should be uniform throughout the site. Colors of architectural details on the building or site may suggest signage colors.

Sign Color Guidelines

• The background for internally illuminated signs must be a dark opaque color (day and night) with light translucent lettering, which allows the sign to be legible and reduce glare.

• Non-illuminated signs may have a light or dark background.

• No more than three colors should be used for a sign unless a pictorial or logo uses additional colors, which may be approved on a case-by-case basis.

• Signs using officially trademarked logos shall be allowed.

• Sign supports shall be made of dark, neutral, or subdued colors to de-emphasize them.

• Color schemes should relate to or match the colors of the building on site.

• Dayglow, metallic or fluorescent colors are not allowed.

• Color approval will be based on the sign district as noted below:

o In the Downtown and Residential Sign District, the use of vibrant and bright primary colors will not be allowed unless the sign design is exceptional and is approved on a case-by-case basis.

o The Corridor Sign District allow a larger range of colors from the color palettes.

o Signs located within the Midtown Sign District allow for more colors than three colors and a broader color range for vibrancy in the District, and will be approved on a case-by-case basis.

• Pictorial signs are recommended in the Midtown Sign District. They can be on a pole with an iron bracket at the top or on two posts.

• Colors used shall be selected from the Benjamin Moore Williamsburg color palette or the Avery Supercast Opaque Films for backgrounds and Avery Ultimate & Premium Cast Translucent Films for lettering, graphics, and logo from the list on the following page:

Background Colors for Internally Illuminated Signs from the Avery HP750 + SC950 Opaque Films

• Apricot #355

• Battleship Grey #870

• Berry #570

• Black #190

• Bright Green #775

• Burgundy #470

• Burgundy Maroon #480

• Cardinal Red #430

• Chocolate Brown #990

• Cocoa #978

• Dark Blue #695

• Dark Green #793

• Dark Grey #855

• Dark Red #450

• Forest Green #785

• Imitation Gold #253

• Light Navy #690

• Majestic Blue #625

• Matte Black #180

• Medium Blue #655

• Nautical Blue #635

• Orange #360

• Sapphire Blue #680

• Tomato Red #425

• Vivid Blue #670

Lettering, Graphics, & Logo Colors for Internally Illuminated Signs from the Avery UC900 Films

• Burgundy #470

• Cardinal Red #430

• Cement Grey #837

• Cobalt Blue #686

• Cornflower #603

• Fog Grey #811

• French Blue #626

• Holly Green #792

Colors from PR800 Translucent Films

• Black #190

• Bottle Green #782

• Bruin Brown #996

• Cardinal Red #430

• Medium Green #781

• Red #440

• Royal Blue #683

• Sultan Blue #672

• Sunflower Yellow #240

• Twilight Blue #691

• White #101

• Wine Red #468

• Orange #360

• Pearl Blue #602

• Real Blue #692

• Red #440

• Safari Green #783

• White #101

• Yellow Jacket#214

ILLUMINATION OF SIGNS

When illuminated, signs should be spot-lighted or back-lighted with a diffuse light source. Spot-lighting should be shielded, so it does not spill over onto adjacent properties or into motorists’ eyes. Backlighting should illuminate the letters, characters, or graphics on the sign but not the sign’s background, even at night.

Illumination Guidelines

• Internally illuminated signs are not permitted for the Downtown, Midtown or Residential Sign Districts.

• Internally illuminated signs must contain a dark opaque background that remains opaque at night. This is required so that light shines through the lettering, logo, and graphics only and reduces the “glaring” white box effect that often results when transparent light-colored plastic is used for sign backgrounds.

• Lettering, logos, and graphics must use translucent colors.

• The color temperature of external and internal illumination should be between 2,700 and 3,500 Kelvin.

• The specific fixture(s) used for external illumination must be submitted as part of the Board’s sign application for review. The application must also note the specific lumens and color temperature for the fixture to determine the amount of illumination and possible glare onto neighboring properties.

AWNINGS

Awnings must contribute to the appearance of a building and the visual character of the streetscape. The choice of colors and awnings’ design is critical in the Architectural Preservation Districts and the Corridor Protection Districts because of their high visibility. The following standards are designed to improve the visual character of buildings and the streetscape:

• Awnings should accent the building façade and not overwhelm the building or streetscape.

• Any logos or lettering on the awning is considered signage and must be within the business’ allowable sign area.

• Awnings should be fabric and should have side panels.

• Vinyl and plastic awnings are not allowed. Other materials may be considered on a case-by-case basis.

• Colors shall be limited to two, excluding the logos and lettering.

• Fabric patterns should be muted and compatible with the building and sign color scheme with colors from the approved color palette. The use of neon and dayglow colors are not allowed.

• Backlit awnings or lighting systems designed to up-light awnings are not allowed.

• Sizes and styles of awnings should be uniform throughout the site and compatible with the building and sign color schemes.

• Coordinated awning design with consistent heights and compatible awning colors is recommended for multiple tenant buildings.

• Propsal applies with applicable building code.

It is the intent of the Rehabilitation section of the Design Review Guidelines to ensure that any building projects, which create an exterior change or an addition to an existing building, are in keeping with the character of the building and with the surrounding area.

According to the U.S. Secretary of Interior’s Standards (Chapter 16, Appendix 1), rehabilitation is the process of returning a property to a state of utility, through repair or alteration, which makes possible an efficient contemporary use while preserving those portions and features of the property which are significant to its historic, architectural, and cultural value. (A glossary of rehabilitation definitions is included in Chapter 16, Appendix 8). Rehabilitation includes maintenance, repair, alterations, and additions. It is recommended that owners of buildings within a review district maintain their properties according to these standards to protect the special qualities, which characterize that building and its site. If a building is listed on the State or National Registers, it is especially important for applicants to the Architectural Review Board to consult the Secretary’s Standards before making any changes to the building. To be eligible for Federal Tax Incentives, a rehabilitation project must meet all ten of the Secretary’s Standards.

Property Maintenance

To protect the architectural integrity of any building in the Architectural Preservation Districts, particularly buildings and neighborhoods listed on or eligible for the National Register of Historic Places (Chapter 4, Neighborhoods in AP Districts), and

to prevent the loss of architectural elements due to the effects of weather and decay, an ongoing maintenance program is necessary. Demolition by neglect can be averted by regular maintenance, i.e., painting, cleaning gutters, roofing, window glazing, caulking joints, nest removal, and repointing brickwork, etc. Historic materials should be cleaned gently, without harsh chemicals or tools, and brickwork should never be sandblasted.

Repair

Replacement of siding, roofing materials, windows, and other elements, which duplicate or match existing materials and color schemes on the building does not need to be approved by the Architectural Review Board. However, the Architectural Review Board recommends, if feasible, that property owners repair historic architectural features rather than replace them when materials begin to deteriorate.

Conservation is preferable to reconstruction because it preserves evidence of past building practices and construction techniques in original materials. The use of synthetic siding on an older building is discouraged because of the structural damage it can cause when applied over problem areas and the obliteration of architectural details. Correcting the cause of deterioration, rather than covering up the symptom with artificial siding, will ultimately prolong the building’s life and maintain its historic integrity.

When replacement or reconstruction of important architectural features such as porches, cornices, decorative windows, door trim, and moulding is necessary on buildings in the Architectural Preservation Districts, it is recommended

Design Review Guidelines - Chapter 13 - Rehabilitation

Chapter

that the replacement features are created with an accurate duplication of the original feature as possible. If substantial renovations are proposed, which would remove architectural features from a building listed on or eligible for the National Register of Historic Places (Chapter 4, Neighborhoods in AP Districts), then these elements need to be photographed and submitted to the Planning Department along with the application to the Architectural Review Board. The property owner has the option to allow the city access to the property to photograph the historic element which is proposed to be removed. It is recommended that the applicant contact the Planning Department for available information on the property to avoid duplicate reporting.

Alterations

Before considering a major alteration of a building listed on or eligible for the National Register of Historic Places (Chapter 4, Neighborhoods in AP Districts), owners should explore the building’s potential for rehabilitation. Many older buildings are suitable for adaptive reuse projects. If the building is a national registry building and the Secretary of Interior has approved the proposed rehabilitation project, a federal tax incentive program is available through the State government for commercial projects. The property owner should thoughtfully consider the return expected from the property and the building’s ability to provide this return in both its present state and in a rehabilitated state. The property owner should also consider the possibility that the building could be adapted for low-impact use, i.e., residential, office, daycare, community center, bank, financial institution, museum and art galleries, etc.

Rehabilitation of any building within Architectural Preservation Districts or the Corridor Protection District should not modify a building so that the result is a building decorated with architectural features of an era predating the building or the style involved. In addition, property owners planning to restore a building back to its “original” appearance should consider the significance of subsequent modifications to the building and/or site and how they define the property’s character. The additions and alterations created by previous property owners often play a large role in defining the building’s significance, and their removal may jeopardize the historic integrity of the building. The house at 520 Jamestown Road is such an example where the property’s unique character results from a substantial Victorian-era addition to the original early pre-Victorian house. However, it is recognized that there are situations where complete restoration of a structure or building is warranted or beneficial, such as the Colonial Williamsburg Historic Area.

Rehabilitations should be sensitive to the building’s distinctive stylistic features. Unsympathetic cosmetic alterations, which would remove or adversely affect important stylistic details, are discouraged. Examples include:

1. The addition of monolithic picture windows on the streetside elevation which disrupts the stylistic relationship of window space to wall space on the façade.

2. The application of artificial siding such that architectural details are boxed over or removed and windows recede behind the siding.

3. The addition of, or replacement with, inappropriate stylized windows or doors; such as diamond-paned windows, projecting box windows, and “country” paneled and scrolled storm doors

4. Enclosure of front porches with under- or over-scaled windows and siding.

Alterations should be compatible with the building’s stylistic elements, such as materials, proportions, window and door arrangements, decorative trim and cornice details, etc. It is recommended that elements that strongly contribute to the building’s character, such as trim details and porches, be retained. Modernizations that create extensive exterior changes to a building are more appropriate on the building’s rear or secondary façades. There may be occasions when it is not possible to restrict the renovations to the rear of the building and when it might be preferable to alter the building’s primary elevation.

In Architectural Preservation Districts, before the rehabilitation of any building listed on or eligible for the National Register of Historic Places (Chapter 4, Neighborhoods in AP Districts) is undertaken which would substantially alter the features of the building or remove significant architectural elements, these elements need to be photographed and submitted to the Planning Department with the application to the Architectural Review Board. The property owner has the option to allow the city access to the property to photograph the historic element which are proposed to be removed or altered. It is recommended that the applicant contacts the Planning Department for available information on the property to avoid duplicate reporting.

Additions

Additions to buildings in Architectural Preservation Districts should be sympathetic to the building. Guidelines for materials

and colors for additions can be found in the AP-1, AP-2, AP-3, Corridor Commercial and Corridor Residential Chapters. Contemporary designs for alterations and additions may be appropriate if they do not destroy the original building’s significant historical, architectural or cultural features and if the design is compatible with the size, scale, color, material, and character of the property and neighborhood. If an addition is proposed on a primary façade of the building, the building’s architectural features, materials and massing should respond to the elements existing on the building. The design of the addition doesn’t need to duplicate the architectural elements of the original building to be compatible. There may be occasions when duplication is preferable to preserve the symmetry of the building. It may be appropriate for additions on rear or secondary façades to have more independent designs. Additions should still respect the proportions of the existing building and the scale of the surrounding neighborhood. Any additions or alterations should be designed so that if subsequent owners wish to remove them, it would be possible to do so without impairing the building’s essential form and integrity. Additions to buildings in the Corridor Protection District will be reviewed for appearance, good design principles, appropriateness to the site and the city, and compatibility with surrounding sites. Contemporary designs are encouraged if the design is compatible with the size, scale, color, material, and character of the property and neighborhood.

Zoning Waivers

Due to unique conditions of design and construction in older neighborhoods in the Architectural Preservation Districts, some older buildings may not meet current zoning requirements. In

order to maintain the special character of these neighborhoods, the Architectural Review Board may make recommendations to the Planning Commission and the Board of Zoning Appeals for exceptions to standard yard requirements, off-street parking requirements, and open space and landscape requirements for buildings within a review district, which do not meet current zoning requirements.

Relocation

The intent of the Relocation section of the Design Review Guidelines is to ensure that property owners consider the effect that relocation of a building into or out of a neighborhood will have on the neighborhood. The effect that relocation will have on the historic significance of the building is also a consideration.

Because of the continuing restoration and development activities by the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation and the City, Williamsburg has experienced an unusual amount of relocation activity. Non-colonial buildings have been moved out of the Historic Area, and transplanted colonial buildings have been moved into and out of the Historic Area and around the City. While this activity has saved many older buildings, juggling buildings has altered historical relationships in many of the neighborhoods.

Before the City issues any relocation permits for buildings moving either within, into, or out of Architectural Preservation Districts, the Architectural Review Board’s approval is required. At the time of submittal of the application for relocation, if the building is listed or eligible for the National Register of Historic Places (Chapter 4) the applicant should submit interior and exterior photographs of the building and its original site as part of the application. The property owner has the option to allow the City access to the property for photographic reporting. It is recommended that the applicant contacts the Planning Department for available information on the property to avoid duplicate reporting.

Many factors need to be weighed by the Architectural Review Board when reviewing requests for relocation in Architectural

Preservation Districts, some of which are listed in Section 21855(c) of the Zoning Ordinance (Chapter 16, Appendix 5). These factors include:

1. The historical and architectural significance of the building;

2. Whether or not the building is listing on or elifible for the National Register of Historic Places (Chapter 4);

3. The effect that the relocation will have on the surrounding neighborhood;

4. The type and quality of the project that will replace the building;

5. The Comprehensice Plan’s goals for historic preservation;

6. The condition of the building; and

7. The economic feasibility of restoring the building.

The Board must strike the proper balance between preserving a building that makes important contributions to the history and character of the City and allowing for new development in the Architectural Preservation Districts.

Considerations

The location of the building plays a key role in determining its historical significance. When a building is moved from its site, an important aspect of the building’s identity is lost. The building’s orientation in the community, its relationship with neighboring buildings and community features, and the characteristics of the site all play an important role in understanding the history of the building and previous occupants. When a building is separated from its site, the opportunity for archaeological and botanical research is lost.

Relocation jeopardizes older buildings’ historic integrity, depletes the historic fabric of the original neighborhood, and

may confuse the receiving neighborhood’s environs. The relocation of buildings listed on or eligible for the National Register of Historic Places (Chapter 4) should only be considered as a last resort before demolition.

Because of the past and continuing threat to the stock of noncolonial historic buildings in Williamsburg, relocations from significant neighborhood groupings are strongly discouraged. In most cases, these buildings can be preserved and maintained in their original locations. However, if an earlier relocation project moved the building to the present site after 1927 (as part of the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation’s restoration work and the City’s redevelopment efforts), relocation of the building from its present site might not be necessary to preserve its remaining historic character. Preservation efforts should include conservation of natural features, identified archaeological features, and secondary outbuildings present on the site, in addition to the principal architectural structure.

Before submitting a proposal for relocation of a building listed on or eligible for the National Register of Historic Places (Chapter 4), property owners should carefully analyze the situation and explore alternatives to relocation. Property owners should consider the potential of the building for rehabilitation. Many older buildings are suitable for adaptive reuse projects, and the Rehabilitation section of the Design Review Guidelines outlines the process. The Architectural Review Board may make recommendations to the Planning Commission and the Board of Zoning Appeals for exceptions to standard yard requirements, off-street parking requirements, and open space and landscape requirements for significant buildings in older neighborhoods, which do not meet current

zoning requirements.

If relocation is determined to be necessary as the best means of preserving the building, careful consideration should be given to selecting a suitable site. In addition, if the building is listed on either the State or National Register, the owner should contact the Department of Historic Resources before the move to request that the designation be retained. Usually, however, relocation will result in the removal of the designation. An attempt should be made to locate a new site, that recreates as nearly as possible the original site’s orientation. If the site is too small or oriented inappropriately with neighboring features and buildings, the qualities, which made the building significant may be lost. In addition, if the building is located among buildings of different architectural period or in a district composed of a different land use, the relocated building may look displaced. It is suggested that relocated buildings be placed in neighborhoods with buildings of similar size and land use.

When moving a building, the property owner should hire a qualified structural mover experienced in moving historic buildings and contact the Planning Department for information on building permits and code compliance. Thorough planning and preparation will help to reduce costs and remove opportunities for unseen obstacles to slow the relocation process. Whenever possible, buildings should be moved intact, but if partial disassembly is necessary, all disassembled parts should be labeled precisely to aid in re-assembly. If the moving route is planned to avoid narrow bridges, steep roads, low utility wires, and tree limbs, disassembly may be avoided. During the relocation, measures should be taken to protect vegetation and adjacent buildings on the old and new sites.

Any further changes to a building moved into Architectural Preservation Districts will be subject to review by the Architectural Review Board. To reduce the confusion that relocation may create, interpretative information about the building at the old site should be posted at the new site.

Demolition

It is the intent of the demolition section of the Design Review Guidelines to ensure that property owners consider the role that existing buildings play in defining the community’s character. In addition, certain buildings possess individual significance as examples of specific architectural styles and periods in the City’s history. Williamsburg has experienced a high level of demolition activity last since 1927 that significantly altered certain areas’ character in the community. As a result of the restoration of the Colonial Capitol, the City’s redevelopment efforts, and continuing development pressures on land adjacent to the Historic Area, demolition has removed a sizeable portion of the City’s post-Colonial era historic fabric.

Historic resources, which are especially threatened, are from the City’s depleted supply of Victorian and early 20th-century buildings. These non-colonial historic buildings contribute to the City’s character and are evidence of the City’s evolutionary process between the colonial period and the present time.

A 1930 survey and building map illustrates the level of demolition and redevelopment in the areas surrounding the Colonial Williamsburg Historic Area. It is not known how many buildings existed before 1930 in the area now known as the Historic Area were lost to make the restoration project possible. Redevelopment pressures and demolition resulting from neglect continue to threaten the City’s remaining 19th-century and early 20th-century historic buildings. The following table provides detail on the location and numbers of structures that have been demolished since the survey.

The Architectural Review Board reviews all proposals to demolish buildings in the Architectural Preservation Districts. Before submitting a request for demolition of a building listed on or eligible for the National Register of Historic Places (Chapter 4), it is recommended that property owners analyze the situation carefully and explore alternatives to demolition. Depending on the building’s condition and the nature of the intended land use, property owners should consider the potential of the building for rehabilitation. Many historic buildings are suitable for adaptive reuse projects, and the Rehabilitation (Chapter 13) section of the Design Review Guidelines outlines this process. The Architectural Review Board may make recommendations to the Planning Commission and the Board of Zoning Appeals for exceptions to standard yard requirements, off-street parking requirements, and open space and landscape requirements, for buildings within a review district in older neighborhoods which do not meet current zoning requirements.

If relocation is determined to be necessary as the only means of preserving the building, then property owners should refer to the Relocation (Chapter 14) section of the Design Review Guidelines.

If, after every other option is considered, the property owner still wishes to demolish the building, the procedures outlined in the Architecture Review Article of the Zoning Ordinance (Chapter 16, Appendix 6) must be followed. The applicant must apply to the Architectural Review Board for the right to demolish the building. At this time, if the building is listed on or eligible for the National Register of Historic Places (Chapter 4), the

applicant shall submit interior and exterior photographs of the building and site to the Planning Department, or the property owner shall allow the City access to the property to photograph the building and site. It is recommended that the applicant contact the Planning Department for available information on the property to avoid duplicate reporting.

Many factors need to be weighed by the Architectural Review Board when reviewing requests for demolition in Architectural Preservation Districts, many of which are listed in Section 21855(c) of the Zoning Ordinance (Chapter16, Appendix 6). These factors include:

1. Whether or not the building or neighborhood in which it is located is listed on or eligible for the National Register of Historic Places (Chapter 4).

2. The historic and architectural value of the building.

3. The effect the demolition will have on the surrounding neighborhood.

4. The type and quality of the project that will replace the building.

5. The Comprehensive Plan’s goals for historic preservation.

6. The condition of the building.

7. The economic feasibility of restoring the building.

The Board must strike the proper balance between preserving buildings that make important contributions to the history and character of the City, the surrounding neighborhood, and allowing for new development in Architectural Preservation Districts. A listing of buildings in the Architectural Preservation

Chapter 15 - Demolition

Districts that are contributing to the district has been compiled to assist the Board in its deliberations (Chapter 4).

If the Architectural Review Board denies the demolition request, the applicant may appeal to the City Council. If demolition is denied by the City Council, the property owner has the right to demolish the building if no buyer has been found for the property within the stipulated time period after a bonafide effort has been made to sell the property under the procedures outlined in Section 21-858(a)(3) of the Zoning Ordinance (Chapter 16, Appendix 6). An alternative to this process is for the applicant to appeal the City Council’s decision to the Circuit Court.

Purpose

Outdoor Dining Guidelines provide standards for using outdoor spaces adjacent to and storefronts where there is a desire to utilize the public sidewalk or a portion of a public street for seating and dining purposes.

The purpose of the Guidelines is to allow outdoor seating while providing compatibility in design and appearance. ​The Guidelines aim to maintain an appearance in keeping with the unique architectural and cultural character of downtown Williamsburg while ensuring public safety, emergency access, and pedestrian accessibility.

The Guidelines apply to all outdoor dining areas that receive a license from City Council to rent square footage within the right-of-way known as Prince George Street and to businesses that are permitted to use the sidewalk for dining in the Downtown area. Cooking of any form does not take place in outdoor dining areas. There are two types of Outdoor Dining opportunities: (1) sidewalk cafés and (2) parklets.

For the purposes of these Guidelines, a sidewalk café is defined as any group of tables, chairs, and all related appurtenances maintained within the public sidewalk and intended for the consumption of food or beverage by patrons when such is located adjacent to a food or beverage service establishment having the same operator.

For the purpose of these Guidelines, a Parklet is defined as any group of tables, chairs, and all related appurtenances located atop a designated elevated extension of the sidewalk into the public street. Parklets may be rented from the City by

food or beverage service establishments to accommodate outdoor seating more than that of a sidewalk café. Rented Parklets are clearly delineated and only for the adjacent establishment's patrons.

Parklets may also be seating areas not rented by food or beverage service establishments and open for public seating on a first-come, first-serve basis.

Application Procedure and Approval

1. To place outdoor dining or seating on sidewalks, the following process must be followed:

a. Contact the Planning and Codes Compliance Office for an application. The application can also be accessed online.

b. The permit is valid for one year from the date of issuance.

c. The permit application shall include plans to scale, showing, in detail, the types and locations of tables, chairs, menu board, and other furnishings and equipment and a description of any proposed barrier to be erected to define the subject area.

d. The application shall also include color pictures or renderings of all chairs, tables, equipment, and barriers proposed by the applicant.

e. After review by relevant City Staff, the applicant may be asked to revise the application to comply with the Design Guidelines. Conditions can be imposed to protect the sidewalk surface, street furniture, and appurtenances.

f. The Planning and Codes Compliance Department

Chapter 16 - Outdoor Dining within the City Right-of-Way

will then forward the application to the Architectural Review Board for design review. A permit shall be issued if the design of the area to be used, including barrier, furniture, and other equipment, is compatible with the design and character of the street area and has been approved by the Architectural Review Board. The Architectural Review Board meets every 2nd and 4th Tuesday of each month.

g. The application must be submitted by the Architectural Review Board calendar deadline. This calendar is located in the Department of Planning and Codes Compliance and on the department’s website.

h. Insurance. No permit shall be issued until the applicant has presented to the City an insurance certificate showing that there is in force, as to such sidewalk area and the public sidewalk lying between such area and the back of the nearest curb, a commercial general liability insurance coverage of at least $1,000,000.00 on an occurrence basis insuring against all claims, loss, cost, damage, expense or liability from loss of life or damage or injury to persons or property arising out or relating to the use and occupancy of the permit area and the portion of the public sidewalk lying between the permit area and the nearest curb line.

i. The insurance must be issued by an insurance company licensed to do business in Virginia, acceptable to the city manager or the city manager's designee, and shall include the City as an additional

insured. Such certificate of insurance shall provide for 30 days' advance notice to the City prior to cancellation or modification of such policy. Said insurance shall be maintained in force at all times at the permittee's expense during the duration of the permit. Code Section 15-41. (b)(4)

j. Bond. Prior to the issuance of a permit, the business shall post a bond with corporate surety, letter of credit, or certified check ("performance guarantee") approved as form by the city attorney to cover the cost of the removal of any improvements within the permit area if they are not removed upon expiration or revocation of the permit. The performance guarantee shall be irrevocable and shall remain in force until the city issues written certification that all improvements have been timely and satisfactorily removed by the permittee and that the permit area has been left in a clean and sanitary condition. Code Section 15-41. (b)(5)

2. To place outdoor seating in a Parklet, the following process must be followed:

a. Follow the directions above in section B.1. (a-g) for sidewalk café outdoor dining.

b. The City Attorney drafts a license agreement between the City and the business owner.

c. The agreement must be approved by the City Council.

d. Both parties sign the agreement.

e. The license is valid, and Parklet outdoor dining can commence.

Chapter 16 - Outdoor Dining within the City Right-of-Way

Outdoor Dining Configuration

There are various ways to configure outdoor dining areas. When considering location, multiple factors should be considered, including whether the property is an interior or corner lot, the width of the sidewalk, public safety, and the amount of pedestrian activity. While all applications must include the business owner's desired seating location, the most appropriate configuration will be determined during the city review process and considered on a case-by-case basis.

The following are the most common configurations in the downtown:

Attached Full - is an area located no more than 3 feet into the right-of-way immediately adjacent to the building and surrounded by a barrier where necessary.

Attached Half - is best for narrow sidewalks, uses a combination of indoor/outdoor space (in the public right-ofway), and is surrounded by a barrier where necessary.

Parklet- The use of a portion of a street to increase the size of the dining area of a restaurant. A Parklet includes tables, chairs, and other equipment designed for use by patrons of the establishment located within the width of the storefront, separated by a sidewalk. The square footage of the Parklet is determined during the license agreement negotiation.

Barriers

Dining area barriers (fences, gates, etc.) are visually appealing and help to separate the dining area from the travel lane. All barrier material must have an excellent visual appearance without fading, dents, tears, rust, corrosion, or chipped or peeling paint.

1. Barrier Requirements

a. Sidewalk cafés that extend 3 feet or less into the public right-of-way and do not serve alcohol are not required to be enclosed by a barrier.

b. The perimeter of sidewalk cafés that extend more than 3 feet into the public right-of-way shall be enclosed by barriers that are durable, removable, and maintained in good condition.

c. Sidewalk cafés that serve alcohol must be surrounded by a barrier in all cases. Barrier access points must be controlled by the restaurant establishment. Restaurant and eating establishment owners shall maintain compliance with Virginia Alcohol and Beverage Control standards for serving alcohol outside of enclosed businesses.

d. All Parklets shall have a barrier visually demarking a seating area from the vehicular travel lane.

Barrier Access, Measurements, and Material

Various styles and designs are permissible for outdoor dining area barriers. To ensure their effectiveness as pedestrian control devices and their detectability for persons with visual impairments, barriers must meet the following measurement guidelines:

Chapter 16 - Outdoor Dining within the City Right-of-Way

1. Barrier Access and Measurements

a. Any access opening within the barrier must measure no less than 44 inches in width. A greater width or more than one opening may be required by the Fire Marshall for dining areas that seat a large number of people or for other egress reasons.

b. Access openings shall be placed in a location that will not create confusion for visually impaired pedestrians.

c. Generally, barriers should be no lower than 36 inches in height and no taller than 50 inches. Barriers must be free-standing, stable, and removable. Barriers which are integrated with a pergola structure may be acceptable and are subject to ARB review.

d. All barriers must be visible to visually impaired pedestrians who use a cane for guidance. The lowest point in the barrier should be no more than 36 inches in height.

e. Fences with a height between 36" and 50" must be at least 50% open (see-through) in order to maintain visibility of street-level activity.

f. Barriers for Parklets cannot exceed the boundaries of the curb bump out.

2. Barrier Material for Sidewalk Cafes

Any permitted barrier for sidewalk cafes must be free-standing, without any permanent or temporary attachments to buildings, sidewalks, or other infrastructure. Materials are limited to the following:

a. Sectional Fencing:

i. Rigid fence segments may be placed endto-end to create the appearance of a single fence. Such fencing is portable but cannot be easily shifted by patrons or pedestrians, as can less rigid forms of enclosures.

ii. Sectional fencing must be made of metal (aluminum, steel, iron, or similar) and must be of a dark color.

iii. The edge barrier must be easily removable by one person.

b. Planters: Outdoor planters may be used as a barrier component and should be placed at the corners and entry of the sidewalk café. Planters must be no more than 3 feet in height and shall be kept in clean condition. Planters may also be used in situations where no barrier is required.

c. Plant Height: Must not exceed a height of 72”(6 feet) above the level of the sidewalk.

i. All planters used within a particular establishment’s outdoor seating area must match other planters and furniture by being of visually similar design, construction, material, and color.

ii. Material: All planters must have live plants contained within them. Plants shall be maintained in a healthy growing condition and replaced when necessary, or the planter removed from the public right-of-way.

iii. Prohibited: Artificial plants, empty planters,

Chapter 16 - Outdoor Dining within the City Right-of-Way

or planters with only bare dirt, mulch, straw, woodchips, or similar material are not permitted.

iv. Maintenance: Planters shall not be used as cigarette butt containers and must be cleaned of all such items at least daily.

3. Posts: Vertical support posts for sidewalk cafes (stanchions, bollards, etc.) must be constructed of wood or metal (aluminum, steel, iron, or similar). Planters may also serve as vertical supports.

a. Flat Stanchion Base are to measure no more than onehalf (½) of an inch above the sidewalk or parklet surface.

b. No domed stanchion bases are permitted.

c. Wood posts must be stained.

4. Barrier Design for Parklets

a. The City will not provide barriers or fencing that would qualify as a required barrier for the Virginia Alcoholic Beverage Control (ABC) Authority. The cost and installation of an ABC barrier will be borne by the business leasing the Parklet from the City. The City will provide large decorative planters that will be appropriately spaced to demarcate a physical barrier between the curb and the street.

b. Only the following materials are appropriate for ABC barriers:

a. Black wrought iron or b. Black aluminum fencing

c. Alternatives to items a and b will be considered on a case-by-case basis.

5. Prohibited barrier materials.

The following materials cannot be used as barriers.

• Chain link

• Cyclone fencing

• Chicken wire or similar material

• Rope rails

• Chain rails

• Plexiglas

• Crowd control barriers

• Other materials. Materials used for barriers that are not explicitly designed as fencing, such as buckets, flagpoles, newspaper stands, and waste receptacles, are prohibited.

Other prohibited elements on a barrier:

• Fabric inserts

• Signage, wording, logos, drawings, pictorial or any photographic representations, or any other likewise identifying characteristics.

Furniture

Outdoor dining furniture becomes a prominent part of the streetscape when used in front of buildings, and such furniture needs to uphold the high standards applied to buildings and other improvements. The Guidelines allow business owners to individualize the outdoor area while maintaining a uniform design aesthetic for the downtown. Outdoor dining furniture must contribute to the overall atmosphere of downtown and, if applicable, to any historic or historic overlay district and be complementary in both appearance and quality.

Chapter 16 - Outdoor Dining within the City Right-of-Way

1. General Guidance

a. Furniture permanently affixed to the sidewalk or exterior of a restaurant or café is prohibited.

b. No furniture or other sidewalk café elements may be tied or otherwise secured to trees, lamp posts, street signs, or hydrants at any time.

c. Furniture and fixtures used in outdoor dining must be made explicitly for outdoor use.

d. All furniture must be removed and stored inside when a weather event is approaching that could result in wind and flooding for the safety of pedestrians and surrounding businesses. Furthermore, furniture and must be removed when not in use for more than two weeks.

e. Furniture must not contain signage for the restaurant or any other entity in wording, logos, drawings, pictorial or photographic representations, or any other likewise identifying characteristic.

f. The following are prohibited café elements: shelves, serving stations, loudspeakers, sofas/sectionals, torches, outdoor games, televisions, cooking appliances and equipment.

g. The only acceptable outdoor furniture items are tables, chairs, umbrellas, heat lamps, menu displays, and barrier elements. Each of these elements will be discussed in detail.

2. Tables and Chairs Generally

a. Tables and chairs shall be well maintained and free of rust, rot, and chipped paint.

b. Color and Materials: Tables and chairs may be metal or wood. They must be colored, painted, or made of

a natural, unpainted material and have a matte finish.

c. Tabletop accessories: Decorative items such as tablecloths, flower vases, etc., should be kept to a minimum. Other accessories, such as salt/pepper shakers and sugar caddies, and other condiments are allowed at the patron's request and must be removed when the requesting patron(s) exits the dining area.

d. Matching: All tables and chairs within an establishment’s outdoor seating area must match each other by being of visually similar design, construction, material, and color. Tables may be painted, anodized, colored, or of a natural unpainted material (e.g., all-weather wood, metal, wicker, etc.). Plastic tables and chairs are not permitted. Picnic tables are not permitted. Fluorescent or other strikingly bright or vivid colors will not be approved.

e. Smaller Tables Preferred: Tables must be functional for patrons and pedestrians, given the limited space available for outdoor dining on many sidewalks. Smaller tables work better than larger tables and are more efficient and flexible. Although optimal table size varies by each restaurant’s specific outdoor dining layout, smaller tables are preferred.

f. Durability: Chairs should be able to withstand weather factors such as sun and wind and remain in good condition. Chairs should be of sturdy construction. Chairs should not show evidence of deterioration or damage to structure or finishes.

g. Chairs may be metal or finish-grade wood. Chairs

Chapter 16 - Outdoor Dining within the City Right-of-Way

may incorporate fabric elements or may be upholstered but must be maintained in clean condition. For upholstered chairs, water-resistant textiles are strongly encouraged.

Shade Structure

Umbrellas and pergolas can add a welcoming feel to outdoor dining areas and provide shelter from the elements, making their use desirable for outdoor dining applications. Appropriately designed and sized shade structures are permitted. Pop-up tents and free-standing canopies are not allowed.

1. Umbrellas: All umbrellas must comply with the following conditions:

a. Contained Within the Outdoor Seating Area: To ensure adequate pedestrian flow, all parts of any umbrella (including the fabric and supporting ribs) must be contained entirely within the outdoor seating area footprint.

b. Height: The lowest dimension of an extended umbrella must be at least 7' above the sidewalk surface. In order to avoid causing an undue visual obstruction to other businesses, umbrellas must not exceed a height of 10' above the level of the sidewalk. These measurements include the umbrella frame and panels.

c. Decorative borders such as fringes, tassels, or ornamentation are not allowed.

d. Colors: Umbrellas must blend appropriately with the surrounding built environment. Umbrellas must be of one solid color listed on the approved ARB color palette. Stripes, designs, and wording on umbrellas

are not permitted. This includes trademarks. Umbrellas cannot be used as signage.

e. Size And Shape: The size and shape of an umbrella strongly affect its functionality within a constrained space such as an outdoor dining area. Due to the narrow measurements of most restaurants' outdoor dining areas, restaurants using umbrellas should strive for space-efficient umbrella designs. Marketstyle umbrellas (those designed specifically for patio or outdoor dining use and vent breezes) are preferred.

f. Material: Umbrella fabric must be of a material suitable for outdoor use and must be canvas-type. No plastic fabrics, plastic/vinyl-laminated fabrics, or rigid materials are permitted as umbrellas within an outdoor dining area.

g. Removable: Umbrellas must be able to be removed each night or during strong storms and stored inside for the safety of pedestrians and surrounding businesses.

2. Pergolas: All pergolas must comply with the following guidelines:

a. A pergola design must reflect the cultural values and aesthetic character of the downtown community.

b. Pergolas cannot be attached to buildings, or trees. The structural design of a pergola, including anchoring, will be reviewed by city staff prior to submission to the Architectural Review Board to ensure compliance with applicable

Chapter 16 - Outdoor Dining within the City Right-of-Way

codes.

c. Location: Pergolas are only allowed as a component in a Parklet configuration.

d. Pergolas must be flush to the sidewalk with a seamless connection.

e. Height: Pergolas must be of a height that does not block the establishment’s signage and integral architectural elements of other buildings on the street. Additionally, the sightline of pedestrians or vehicular occupants must not be obstructed. A scaled rendering depicting the height of the pergola shall be provided with the application to confirm this guideline is met.

f. Material: Pergolas should be constructed of wood. The ARB may consider a wood composite or metal on a case-by-case basis. A pergola design must blend with the surrounding architecture and not detract from the streetscape.

g. Colors: Pergolas shall be a solid color and must blend appropriately with the surrounding built environment. Pergolas must be stained or, if approved for metal, must have a matte finish.

h. Pergolas cannot include signage, wording, logos, drawings, pictorial or photographic representations, or other likewise identifying characteristics.

i. A barrier must be present around the entire perimeter of a pergola, except the one access point leading to the dining establishment.

j. Pergolas may be covered on the roof with

material approved on a case-by-case basis by the ARB to protect patrons from the weather. Pergolas cannot be enclosed to mimic a tent-like structure, including screens and plastic sheathing.

k. Features such as ceiling fans and lights are allowed within a pergola. The design, scale, and color of these features must blend with the overall design of the pergola and blend seamlessly with the streetscape. Approval of the design, colors, and scale of these elements will be included in the ARB review.

l. Since this portion of the street will no longer be accessible by street sweepers, the establishment owner or the designee must remove debris from the gutter channel to maintain proper stormwater drainage.

Lighting

All lighting shall be durable, sturdy, and stable.

Location of Lighting:

1. Lighting is not allowed in a sidewalk café configuration. Lighting is only allowed in a Parklet configuration.

2. Lighting must be made explicitly for outdoor use.

3. All lighting fixtures must be entirely within the outdoor dining area.

4. Extension cords are permitted but must be covered entirely with a material that does not cause a tripping hazard. The placement of extension cords must not be visible and will be reviewed for placement by designated staff within the

Chapter 16 - Outdoor Dining within the City Right-of-Way

Department of Planning and Codes Compliance. If it is concluded that extension cords cannot be placed so they cannot be screened or shielded, conduit must be installed. In this instance, conduit must be placed within six months after the approval of the outdoor dining area.

5. All lighting shall match by being of visually similar design, construction, and color.

6. Lighting must be of a color temperature between 2,500 and 3,000 Kelvin. All lighting must be dimmable and must not overpower the public street lighting.

7. String lights are allowed under the following design requirements: only black string, only white lighting, and no neon lighting. No intermittent lighting, only steady illumination allowed.

8. Lighting must be kept in proper working order at all times. Burnt-out lighting must be replaced promptly (one working day).

9. Light sources, such as lamps, shall be contained within an opaque fixture or otherwise shielded from view, intended to light surfaces (tables, floor) and reduce eye glare.

10. Lights must not contain glare-producing surfaces or inappropriate lighting (blinking, fluorescent, neon lights, etc.).

11. Lighting must not be secured to trees, lamp posts, street signs, hydrants, or any other street infrastructure.

12. Lighting must not contain signage for the restaurant or any other entity in the form of wording, logos, drawings, pictorial or photographic representations, or any other likewise identifying characteristic.

13. The following types of lights are prohibited: Spotlights, flood lamps, and free-standing light fixtures or poles.

Heating Options

1. Propane (LP) Heaters are allowed and subject to fire prevention permit approval by the Fire Department prior to installation. The design and color of the heaters are subject to ARB approval to ensure compatibility with the overall design of the outdoor space. Bright, loud colors will not be approved. Approved heaters must not be shiny but have a matte finish.

2. LP gas cylinders used for outdoor heating appliances must be secured at all times while in use or storage and cannot be stored or left unattended on the sidewalk or stored inside any building. All combustible materials shall be located away from any source of heat or ignition.

3. Electric heaters, fire pits, or open wood-burning generators are prohibited.

4. Approved heaters must be entirely within the outdoor dining area.

The U. S. Secretary of Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation and Guidelines for Rehabilitating Historic Buildings

1. A property shall be used for its historic purpose or be placed in a new use that requires minimal change to the defining characteristics of the building and its site and environment.

2. The historic character of a property shall be retained and preserved.

3. Each property shall be recognized as a physical record of its time, place and use. Changes that create a false sense of historical development, such as adding conjectural features or architectural elements from other buildings, shall not be undertaken.

4. Most properties change over time; those changes that have acquired historic significance in their own right shall be retained and preserved.

5. Distinctive features, finishes, and construction techniques or examples of craftsmanship that characterize a historic property shall be preserved.

6. Deteriorated historic features shall be repaired rather than replaced. Where the severity of deterioration requires replacement of a distinctive feature, the new feature shall match the old in design, color, texture, and other visual qualities and, where possible, materials. Replacement of missing features shall be substantiated by documentary, physical, or pictorial evidence.

7. Chemical or physical treatments, such as sandblasting, that cause damage to historic materials shall not be used. The surface cleaning of structures, if appropriate, shall be undertaken using the gentlest means possible.

8. Significant archaeological resources affected by a project shall be protected and preserved. If such resources must be disturbed, mitigation measures shall be undertaken.

9. New additions, exterior alterations, or related new construction shall not destroy historic materials that characterize the property. The new work shall be differentiated from the old and shall be compatible with the massing, size, scale and architectural features to protect the historic integrity of the property and its environment.

10. New additions and adjacent or related new construction shall be undertaken in such a manner that if removed in the future, the essential form and integrity of the historic property and its environment would be unimpaired.

Williamsburg Architectural Review Board Application Procedures

1. In Architectural Preservation Districts and the Corridor Protection Districts, no clearing, grading, demolition, relocation, building, or sign permit will be issued for any project until the Architectural Review Board has granted approval. Other exterior changes that do not require a building permit may require approval from the Architectural Review Board, such as painting and site work. Applicants are advised to check with the Planning Department before beginning such work.

2. The Architectural Review Board meets on the second and fourth Tuesday of every month at 6:30 p. m. in Stryker Center at 401 North Boundary Street. To be placed on the agenda for a meeting, applications must be submitted no later than the close of business on Friday, as shown on the meeting schedule. Meeting schedules and applications are available on the City’s website and the Planning Department. Adjoining property owners will be mailed written notifications for construction projects, and public notification placards will be posted for new construction, demolition, additions, alterations, relocation, and major rehabilitation applications.

3. Applications to the Architectural Review Board must include the appropriate application form signed by the property owner and nine sets of plans (elevations and site plans) for large commercial projects. For smaller projects, the preferred plan size is 11”x17”. A list of all materials for the project and the colors proposed must be included with the application.

4. Applications to the Architectural Review Board for signs must include a complete sign application form signed by the property owner, with one color rendering of the proposed

sign(s). Specific colors must be listed on the application. Building-mounted sign(s) must include an elevation of the proposed sign(s) on the building. Monument or freestanding signs must include a site plan indicating the sign’s location and any proposed lighting/landscaping.

5. Applicants who are not on the consent agenda must be present at the meeting. Applicants on the consent agenda are encouraged to attend the meeting, but attendance is not mandatory. If a case is removed from the consent agenda and a representative is not present, the case will be tabled until the next meeting.

6. Staff will send a copy of the Architectural Review Board’s decision within a week after the meeting. If the Architectural Review Board denies the application, the applicant will receive written explanation of the decision.

7. Building, demolition, and relocation permit applications are available at the Code Compliance Office between 8:00 a. m. and 4:30 p. m. Check with the Code Compliance Office at 757-220-6134 for additional information for plan review.

8. The applicant is responsible for notifying the Planning Department when the construction project is ready for inspections for compliance with plans approved by the Architectural Review Board. In addition, a foundation survey prepared by a surveyor must be submitted and approved by the Zoning Administrator before proceeding above the foundation. If completed projects do not comply with approved plans, the applicant will violate the Zoning Ordinance and be subject to civil penalties and other legal action, including injunction, abatement, or other appropriate action or proceeding to ensure compliance with his ordinance.

Williamsburg Architectural Review Board Bylaws

The purpose of these bylaws is to supplement the procedures for meetings outlined in Section 21-853, Architectural Review Board.

1. The Board shall elect officers from its own membership, as specified in Section 21-853 of the Architectural Review Article in the Zoning Ordinance, at the first meeting of the year.

2. The Board shall schedule meetings for the second and fourth Tuesday of every month and shall meet at least once a month. In the event that no applications for review are received by the deadline prior to a meeting, the regularly scheduled meeting will be canceled unless the Board has scheduled other matters for discussion pertaining to design review and/or historic preservation.

3. A minimum of 12 regularly scheduled meetings and at least one training session will be scheduled per year, in order for the Architectural Review Board and the City's design review program to be eligible for Certified Local Government status with the Virginia Department of Historic Resources.

4. The Board shall for parliamentary purposes, follow Robert's Rules of Order, as modified for Small Boards. These modifications include the following items:

o Members are not required to obtain the floor before making motions or speaking, which they can do while seated.

o Motions need not be seconded.

o There is no limit to the number of times a member can speak to a question, and motions to close or

limit debate generally should not be entertained.

o Informal discussion of a subject is permitted while no motion is pending.

o Sometimes, when a proposal is perfectly clear to all present, a vote can be taken without a motion’s having been introduced. Unless agreed to by general consent, however, all proposed actions of a board must be approved by vote under the same reules as in other assemblies, except that a vote can be taken initially by a show of hands.

o The chairperson need not rise while putting questions to a vote.

o The chairperson can speak in discussion without rising or leaving the chair.

o Subject to rule or custom within the particular board (which should be uniformly followed regardless of how many members are present), the chairperson can make motions and vote on all questions.

5. A quorum of the Board must be present at a meeting in order for official business to be conducted . Each member shall be entitled to one vote on any question before the Board, and the decisions of the Board shall be determined by a majority vote of members present.

6. If a specific application before the Board poses a conflict of interest for any board member, that member shall abstain from voting on the matter.

7. The Board shall review all applications which have been submitted prior to the deadline for the meeting and for which an applicant or representative is present at the meeting. A decision shall be made on the case within

60 days of first consideration unless the applicant formally requests an extension. Any request for an extension must be to a particular date. If the case is tabled to a particular date or if an applicant requests an extension to a particular date, and if an applicant fails to appear on the date appointed, then the case shall be considered withdrawn. Any re-submittals must be under a new application.

8. The Board endorses the practice of using a consent agenda. Staff makes the initial determination of applications to be included on the consent agenda. At the regular meeting of the Board, the Chair will provide Board members the opportunity to add or remove items from the consent agenda . In addition, the Chair will remove an item from the consent agenda if anyone present desires to speak about an application in the public comment period. A representative does not need to be present for applications listed on the consent agenda. However, if the application is removed from the consent agenda and no representative is present, the application will be tabled until the next meeting.

9. For each application, Board procedure provides two opportunities for comments from the public. Members of the audience are invited to speak after the presentation of the consent agenda application and before discussion by the Board. Members of the audience are also invited to speak after the Board's discussion but prior to the Board's vote on each application . All comments by members of the public should be addressed to the Board and not the applicant. It is not appropriate for members of the audience to engage in conversations with the applicant during the official meeting of the Board.

10. Any motion for action on an application before the

Board shall state the reasons therefore, such as whether the application is consistent with the Design Review Guidelines and what factors of the proposal are compatible or incompatible with the surrounding areas and the City of Williamsburg.

11. The minutes of the meeting shall be prepared by the Planning Department staff, as specified in Section 21853 of the Architectural Review Article in the Zoning Ordinance, and shall be held for public record in the Planning Department.

12. The Board shall allow for electronic participation in meetings by Board members as specified in Section 234 of the Williamsburg Code.

Adopted by the Architectural Review Board on April 27, 2021.

Appendix 4

Architectural Preservation Districts & Corridor Protection Districts Approval Criteria

Zoning Ordinance - Section 21-855(a)

Before approving the erection, reconstruction, alteration, restoration, razing demolition or moving of a building or structure in the Colonial Williamsburg Historic Area portion of the architectural preservation district, the review board shall consider, among other things:

1) Documented historical and/or archaeological evidence of such building or structure prior to the year 1800.

2) For accessory buildings or structures, historical and/or archaeological evidence indicating that such a building or structure could have existed prior to the year 1800, even though there exists no specific historical or archaeological evidence to support this.

3) The historical value and significance of the building, structure, sign or exterior archaeological feature with the comprehensive plan’s goals for historic preservation, visual quality and design.

4) The compatibility of the proposed building, structure, sign or exterior architectural feature with the comprehensive plan’s goals for historic preservation, visual quality and design.

Zoning Ordinance - Section 21-855(b)

Before approving the erection, reconstruction, alteration or restoration of a building, structure, sign or exterior architectural feature in the architectural preservation or corridor protection district (except for the Colonial Williamsburg Historic Area CW), the review board shall consider, among other things:

1) The historical or architectural value and significance of the building, structure, sign or exterior architectural feature.

2) The extent to which the building, structure, sign or exterior architectural feature will be architecturally compatible with historic buildings in the area which it is proposed to be located; or, if located in the corridor protection district will architecturally compatible with the character of the architectural preservation district.

3) The appropriateness of the general design, proportion, scale, building material texture and color of the proposed building, structure, sign or exterior architectural feature to the area in which it is proposed to be located.

4) The relationship of the proposal to design criteria adopted by the review board. Such criteria shall be consistent with the purposes of this article.

5) The compatibility of the proposed building, structure, sign or exterior architectural feature with the comprehensive plan’s goals for historic preservation, visual quality and design.

Razing, Demolition or Moving Criteria

Zoning Ordinance - Section 21-855(c)

Before approving the razing, demolition or moving of a building or structure in the architectural preservation district (except of the Colonial Williamsburg Historic Area), the review board shall consider, among other things:

1) The historic and architectural value of the building or structure.

2) The effect of the proposed razing, demolition or moving on the surrounding area.

3) The impact of the proposed razing, demolition or moving on the comprehensive plan’s goals for historic preservation.

4) The condition of the building or structure.

5) The economic feasibility of restoring the building or structure.

Zoning Ordinance - Section 21-853(d)

ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW BOARD

DENIAL OF A REQUEST

In case of disapproving of the erection, reconstruction, alteration or restoration of a building, structure, sign or exterior architectural feature, the review board shall state its reasons in writing and may make recommendations to the applicant with respect to the appropriateness of design, arrangement, texture, material, color, location and the like.

Zoning Ordinance - Section 21-853(e)

In case of disapproval of the razing, demolition or moving of a building in the architectural preservation district, the review board shall state its reasons in writing.

Zoning Ordinance - Section 21-853(f)

The review board, when requested by an applicant in the architectural preservation or corridor protection districts, shall advise as to the changes and alterations necessary to bring the proposed building, structure, sign or exterior architectural feature in harmony with the general design of the buildings, structures or appurtenant elements located in the surrounding area. .

Concurrent Right to Demolish a Building in the Architectural Preservation District

Section 21-858. Additional or concurrent right to demolish buildings in the Architectural Preservation District.

a) In addition to the right of appeal, the owner of a building or structure in the architectural preservation district, the razing or demolition of which is subject to the provisions of this article, shall as a matter of right, be entitled to demolish such building or structure provided that:

1) The owner has applied to City Council for such right.

2) The owner has, for a period of time set forth in the time schedule in Section 21-858(a)(3) and at a price reasonably related to its fair market value, made a bonafide offer to sell such building or structure and the land pertaining thereto to the city or to any person, firm, corporation or agency thereof or political subdivision or agency thereof which gives reasonable assurance that it is willing to preserve and restore the building or structure and the land pertaining thereto.

3) No bonafide contract, binding upon all parties thereto, shall have been executed for the sale of any such building or structure and the land pertaining thereto prior to the expiration of the applicable time period set forth in the time schedule below. Any appeal which may be taken to the court from the decision of the review board, whether instituted by the owner or by the other proper party, notwithstanding the provisions heretofore stated relating to a stay of the decision appealed from, shall not affect the right of the owner to make the bonafide offer to sell referred to in this paragraph. No offer to sell shall begin more than one year after the final decision of the review board, but thereafter the owner may

renew his request to the review board to approve the razing or demolition of the building or structure. The time schedule for offers shall be as follows:

(4) Before making a bonafide offer to sell, an owner shall first file a statement with the Zoning Administrator. The statement shall identify the property, and state the offering price, the date the offer of sale is to begin, and the name of the real estate agent, if any. No time period set forth in the schedule contained in Section 21858(a)(3) shall begin to run until the statement has been filed. Within five days of receipt of a statement, copies of the statement shall be delivered by the Zoning Administrator to the City Manager, members of City Council and members of the review board.

Commonly Used Terms

Adaptive Re-Use. Recycling an old building for a use other than that for which it was originally constructed. Adaptive re-use can involve a sensitive rehabilitation that retains much of a building’s original character, or it can involve extensive remodeling.

Addition. A new part, such as a wing, ell, or porch, added to an existing building or structure.

Aedicule central entrance porch. A small central porch, framed by columns on either side and a pediment above.

Alley. A public or private way permanently reserved as a secondary means of access to abutting property.

Alteration. Any construction, change, alteration, modification, renovation, reconstruction, repair, restoration or demolition to materials, color, texture or details of all or a part of the exterior of any building, structure, or site, other than normal repair, maintenance, and general landscaping.

Alternating Stretcher/Header. Also known as Flemish Bond, bricks are laid with each row or course alternating stretchers (the long side of a brick) and headers (the short side of a brick.) Sometimes headers are glazed.

Arch. A structural method of spanning an opening, usually with masonry, whereby curved, pointed or flat upper edges of the opening are formed.

Architectural Design Guidelines

See Guidelines

Architectural Conservation

The science of perserving a building and or structure and its historic fabric. Conservation uses scientific techniques and analytical methods to conduct investigations in which to determine the cause, effect and solution of building problems. After examining the structure and diagnosing the problems, an architectual conservator either conducts or directs treatment.

Architectural Drawings. A set of detailed drawings, which are used by the contractor to build a building. The drawing set includes floor plans, elevations of all sides of the house and building sections to identify all building materials and details.

Architectural Features. The architectural style, general design and general arrangement of the exterior of a building or other structure, including the color, the kind and texture of the building material, the type and style of all windows, doors, light fixtures, signs, decorative features, and other appurtenances.

Architrave. The lintel or beam that rests on the capitals of the columns. It is an architectural element in Classical architecture.

Attenuated Tuscan Columns. Slender and/or refined columns executed in the classical order, similar to Roman Doric but with an un-fluted shaft and a simplified base,

capital, and entablature.

Awning. A roof-like shelter installed over a window, door, or porch to protect from rain or sun. Historically, they were usually movable, and of a flexible cloth material. Awnings may also be rolled material, hung vertically, as at the edges of porches and commercial walkways.

Balconied Porch. A platform projecting from the wall of a building with a balustrade or railing along its outer edge, often with access from a door or window

Balustrade. A series of vertical balusters and rails, as on staircases, porches, roofs, etc.

Bargeboard. A sometimes richly ornamented board placed on the verge (incline) or the gable to conceal the ends of rafters.

Bay. A reference to the vertical division of a facade into segments, according to the grouping of windows.

Bay Window. Fenestration projecting from an exterior wall surface and often forming a recess in the interior space.

Box Cornice. A hollow cornice, built up of boards, moldings, shingles, etc., so that the lower ends of the rafters are not visible. Also called a closed cornice.

Bracket. A wooden, stone or metal decorative support beneath a projecting floor, window, or cornice; projecting elements underneath eaves that provide support or ornamentation.

Buffer. A common area within the neighborhood that is located between adjoining lots and roads, and which may or may not contain trees, brush, grass or other features.

Building Improvement. Accessory buildings and additions and the construction, alteration, modification, renovation, reconstruction, repair, restoration, or demolition of any part or surface of any building, shed, garage, roof, painting scheme, finish or other such improvements.

Buttresses. A characteristic feature of Gothic construction, in which the lateral thrusts of a roof or vault are taken up by a straight bar of masonry, usually sloping, carried on an arch, and a solid pier or buttress sufficient to receive the thrust. The flying buttress evolved in the Gothic era from earlier, simpler, hidden supports. The design increased the supporting power of the buttress and allowed for the creation of the high-ceilinged churches typical of Gothic architecture.

Capital. The upper portion of a column or pilaster.

Casement Window. A window that is hinged on one side and swings open outward.

Central Chimney. An interior chimney, often massive in size, located near the middle of a house, to provide heat for the entire house during the winter

Central Hall Plan. In American Colonial architecture, the floor plan of a house usually having two rooms symmetrically situated on each side of a centrally located hallway. A stair in the hallway led to the loft space above.

Design Review Guidelines - Appendix 8 Page 2

Certificate of Appropriateness. A certificate issued by the Board of Architectural Review approving the erection, reconstruction, alteration or restoration of a structure within the Historic District. This certificate must also be approved and issued by the Board of Architectural Review prior to the demolition or removal, in whole or part, of a building or area that has been designated as a historical building or area by the Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission, or by the local, state or federal government.”

City. City of Williamsburg.

Cladding. Any exterior wall covering, including masonry.

Clapboard. Siding consisting of horizontal boards that are thicker at their bottom edge than at the top. Installed, the bottom edge overlaps the top of the board below.

Classical. Pertaining to architecture of ancient Greece and Rome; especially the column orders and their associated elements.

Classical Entablatures. Assemblage of horizontal moldings and bands supported by the columns of Classical buildings. The entablature is usually divided into three main sections: the lowest band, or architrave, which originally took the form of a beam running from support to support; the central band, or frieze, consisting of an unmolded strip with or without ornament; and the top band, or cornice, constructed from a series of moldings that project from the edge of the frieze. Most entablatures correspond to or are derived from the Doric, Ionic or Corinthian order.

Clearing. Any removal of natural vegetation, including trees, underbrush, obnoxious and/or poisonous vegetation, from a Lot.

Cobra-Head Light Fixture. A commonly used street light fixture, in which the luminaire is suspended from a simple, curved metal arm.

Colonial Revival. An architectural style referencing elements of early Colonial American architecture. It is characterized by a balanced façade, emphasis on the front door, including sidelights, fanlights and porticos, and double hung windows with multiple panes. Houses are larger than true colonial era houses with more liberty taken in detailing. Porches on front are typical.

Colonnade. A series of regularly spaced columns; an open passage defined by columns.

Column. A vertical support, usually supporting a member above.

Complex Roof. A roof that is a combination of hipped and gable forms and may contain turrets or towers. The majority of these occur on Queen Anne style houses.

Contributing. A building, site, structure, or object that adds to the historic associations, historic architectural qualities, or archeological values for which a property is significant because 1) it was present during the period of significance, relates to the documentrary significance of the property, and possesses historic integrity or is capable of yielding important information about the period; or 2) it independently meets the National Register criteria.

Coping. The protective uppermost course of masonry of a wall or parapet. Sometimes it may project beyond the wall surface below it to throw off rain.

Corbeling. Courses of masonry that project out in a series of steps from the wall or chimney.

Coursed Ashlar. Ashlar masonry in which the stones are of equal height within each course; all courses need not be of the same height.

Cornice. Exterior trim of a structure at the eave; usually consists of bed molding, soffits, fascia and crown molding.

Cottage. A small house.

Craftsman Bungalow. A style of residential building influenced by the Arts and Crafts Movement of the early 20th century. Defining elements include projecting, exposed eaves, often accented with braces or brackets, and large roof extension porches across the front facade. The porch roofs are usually supported by battered posts or stylized columns. Usually one or one and a half stories, bungalows often feature gable or hip roofs with a large central dormer.

Cupola. A small structure crowning a roof or tower.

Curvilinear Brackets. Brackets characterized by a curved line

Decorative Object. Any permanent or temporary object, of any material or size, which is placed or installed in an exterior setting for ornamental purposes.

Demolition. The dismantling, breaking apart, tearing down

or razing of all or part of any building, structure or site.

Dentil. Small square blocks found in series on many cornices, moldings, etc.

Detached Garage. A garage where no wall (whether structural or decorative) is shared with the principal building. A garage connected by a breezeway to the principal building is a detached garage.

Dormer Window. Vertical window which projects from a sloping roof, placed in a small gabled enclosure projection.

Double-Hung Sash. A type of window with lights (windowpanes) on both upper and lower sashes, which move up and down in vertical grooves one in front of the other; sometimes described by the number of lights (panes) in each movable part; i.e. 2/2 means two lights in each sash, one placed over the other; 2/1 means two lights in the top sash and one light in the bottom sash; 3/3 means three lights in both the bottom and top sash, etc.

Double Residence. A building that supports two families, with separate entrances and living quarters.

Downspout. A pipe for directing rainwater from the roof to the ground.

Drip Line. The area on the ground underneath a tree, as defined by the outermost circumference of the tree canopy.

Eastlake. A decorative style of ornamentation found on houses of various Victorian styles, primarily the Queen Anne and Stick styles.

Design Review Guidelines - Appendix 8 Page 4

Early Federal. Associated with the late 18th century and the beginning of the Federal period, when building styles were evolving from classic Georgian/English styles to a distinctly American architectural style.

Eave. The lower edge of a sloping roof which projects beyond the wall.

Eclectic. A style employing elements from various earlier styles in architecture; the mixing of elements from several styles.

Elevation. Exterior face of a structure; i.e. front, side, or rear.

Entablature. The horizontal moldings supported by a column. An entablature consists of three parts: an architrave, a frieze, and a cornice.

Exterior Chimney. A chimney located outside, and usually attached to an exterior wall of a house at the gable end, gambrel end, or mansard end.

Facade. Exterior face of a building which is the formal front.

Fanlight. A semicircular window with radiating muntins, located above a door.

Federal Style. An architectural style characterized by a symmetrical, smooth facade with emphasis on elegant classical detailing, including a front door with a fan light or elliptical light over a large paneled door. Brick is a typical building material.

Fenestration. The arrangement of windows and other exterior openings within a facade.

Finial. An ornament that caps a gable, hip, pinnacle, or other architectural feature.

Finish. A coating applied to a material on the job site, such as paint or stone.

Finished Grade. The elevation of a Lot after site improvements.

Five-Course American Bond. By one definition, Common, American, or Scottish bond has one row of headers to five of stretchers. In practice, the number of stretcher courses may vary from that.

Flashing. Pieces of metal used for waterproofing roof joints.

Flood Plain. Land that borders a body of water that may be subject to flooding; a 100-year flood plain indicates land which statistically is subject to flooding once within a hundred years and is subject to special government regulations. Construction in the 100-year flood plain is discouraged.

Floor Plan. A drawing showing the layout of the enclosing walls of a structure, its doors and windows, and the arrangement of interior spaces as viewed from above.

Footprint. Outline of a structure as viewed from above.

Foundation. The structural base whereby the entire load from the building is transmitted to the ground. The

Design Review Guidelines - Appendix 8 Page 5

foundation wall is usually constructed out of masonry materials. The footer runs under the foundation wall and is typically concrete.

French Drain. A French drain is a trench covered with gravel or rock or containing a perforated pipe that redirects surface and groundwater away from an area.

Frieze. A horizontal band that runs above doorways and windows or below the cornice. The frieze may be decorated with designs or carvings.

Front Property Line. The property line bounding on the street.

Front Setback Line. A line inside the lot’s Front Property Line, established at the time of platting, which may also serve as the build-to line for a building on the lot.

Front Setback Zone. The area between the Front Property Line and the Front Setback Line, in which no structures may be placed, except as specifically provided herein.

Frontage. The side of a building parallel to, or most closely parallel to, and near to the Front Property Line.

Gable. The vertical triangular portion of the end of a structure having a double sloping roof from the level of the eave to the ridge of the roof.

Gable Ends. The generally triangular section of wall at the end of a pitched roof.

Gable Roof. A pitched roof in the shape of a triangle.

Gambrel Roof. A roof having two slopes or pitches from the level of the eave to the ridge of the roof.

Georgian Revival. A nationalistic architectural style, garden design, and interior design movement in the United States which sought to revive elements of Georgian architecture, part of a broader Colonial Revival Movement in the arts. This resurgence of interest came after the Centennial Exhibition of 1876 reawakened Americans to their colonial past.

Georgian Style. An architectural style characterized by formal symmetry, balanced proportions and detailing inspired by classical Rome. Other design elements may include a projecting pediment over the front door with a Palladian window on the floor above, divided light windows, central chimney and gabled roof. Stone and /or masonry are typical building materials.

General Landscaping. Adding plants, ground cover or flower gardens in existing beds, or pruning and grubbing of existing plant material.

Giant Order Columns. In classical architecture, a giant order (also known as colossal order) is an order whose columns or pilasters span two (or more) stories.

Glazing. Another term for glass or other transparent material used in windows.

Greek Revival. An architectural style inspired by the classical buildings of the Greek and Roman Empires. Defining elements include columns, pediments and other details inspired by Greek forms. Antebellum homes in the

American south were often built in the Greek Revival style.

Guidelines. Shall mean and refer to the Architectural Review Design Guidelines for the City of Williamsburg.

Half-Timbering. A framework of heavy timbers in which the interstices are filled in with plaster or brick.

Headers. Also known as lintels; structural members in lightframe construction which run perpendicular to floor and ceiling joists, "heading" them off to create an opening.

Height. The vertical distance in feet or stories measured from one foot above Finished Grade at the front build-to line, to the highest point of the finished roof surface, excluding parapets and cupolas.

Hipped Roof. A roof with slopes or pitches on all four sides. Gable and gambrel roofs are referred to as “hipped” if the end walls of the house flatten at the eave line and permit an additional pitched roof plane up to the ridge. They are more common on older houses than on those built after 1940.

Historic Integrity. The ability of a property to convey its significance; the retention of sufficient aspects of location, design, setting, workmanship, materials, feeling, or assiciation for a property to convey its historical significance.

Impervious Surfaces. Surfaces on a lot that will not absorb water, including roofs, parking areas, driveways, roads, sidewalks, and other areas of concrete and/or asphalt, given as a percentage of the net acreage of a lot.

Infill Building. A new structure built in a block or row of

existing buildings.

Integrity. Authenticity of a property’s historic identity, evidenced by the survival of physical characteristics that existed during the property’s historic period.

Jamb. Vertical member of edge, forming the sides of an opening for doors or windows.

Keystone. A keystone is the wedge-shaped stone piece at the apex of a masonry vault or arch, which is the final piece placed during construction and locks all the stones into position, allowing the arch to bear weight. This makes a keystone very important structurally.

Lancet Arch. (or Lancet) A tall, narrow pointed arch, the segments of which have a radius outside the width.

Lancet Doors. Tall, narrow doors with a pointed arch, fitting into a lancet arch.

Lath. Narrowly spaced strips of wood upon which plaster is spread. Lath in modern construction is metal mesh.

Leaded Glass. Glass set in pieces of lead.

Light. A section of a window; the glass or pane.

Lintel. A horizontal support over an opening, carrying the load above the opening; also referred to as the header.

Lot. An individual property in the neighborhood, which is designated by the developer for residential development; also referred to as site.

Lot Coverage. The horizontal area measured within the

Design Review Guidelines - Appendix 8 Page 7

exterior walls or foundations of the building(s) on a lot.

Lot Owner. Property Owner.

Low-Pitch Cross Gable Roof. A gable is the triangle formed by a sloping roof, whether low-pitched or highpitched. A building may be front-gabled, side-gabled, or if the house has an addition, such as a wing with a different gable direction, it is described as cross-gabled. Porches and dormers may also be gabled.

Lunette Windows. A crescent-shaped or semicircular space, usually over a door or window, which may contain another window, a sculpture, or a mural.

Maintain. To keep a building or structure in an existing state using the least degree of intervention.

Major Landscaping. Any alteration to existing topography; removal of any tree or shrub greater than 6 inches in diameter, as measured 2 feet from the ground; creation or removal of areas of plantings or lawn and the planting of any tree.

Metope. The metope is a plain, smooth section between triglyphs. The triglyphs are a pattern of 3 vertical lines between the metopes; any of the spaces between two triglyphs on a Doric frieze.

Mansard Roof. A mansard or mansard roof (also called a French roof) is a four-sided, gambrel-style hip roof characterized by two slopes on each of its sides with the lower slope punctuated by dormer windows at a steeper angle than the upper. The roof creates an additional floor of

habitable space, such as a garret. The upper slope of the roof may not be visible from street level when viewed from close proximity to the building.

Massing. The arrangement of the parts or forms of a house to create an overall volume. Massing should be additive in nature and should display a sense of hierarchy of a primary simple mass with subordinate secondary masses and should respond to topographic context.

Modified Colonial Revival. Because the Colonial Revival style was based on simple, classical and versatile shapes, the style could be easily modified into many different types of buildings. The most consistent Colonial Revival elements found in these buildings are building symmetry; hipped roofs that often intersected one another; the use of a single, decorative fan or Palladian windows located high-up in the gabled or pedimented (triangular end) of the roof; doublehung windows with decorative features like thick concrete sills or curved, segmental arches overhead; thin columns or pilasters with simple capitals (tops); pronounced front porches.

Modified Georgian. In the late 1800's a revival of the Georgian style took place and architects modified the style to fit modern tastes and the new century

Modified Italianate. In purest form, such Renaissance Revival houses are square or rectangular boxes with little decoration except for formal window crowns and cornice moldings. Italianate style is often identified by the following distinctive characteristics: a square house with low roofs, overhanging eaves with decorative brackets, and arcaded porches.

Design Review Guidelines - Appendix 8 Page 8

Modified Tudor Style. Among their most distinctive features are their half-timber and stucco accents. Additionally, Tudor style house plans often feature sharply pitched overlapping gables, parapets, patterned brick or stonework. Tudor style home plans were most popular from 1890 – 1940.

Molding. Horizontal bands having either rectangular or curved profiles, or both, used for transition or decorative relief.

Muntin. A glazing bar that separates panes of glass.

National Register of Historic Places. The official list of the Nation’s historic places worthy of preservation.

Nave. The central approach to the high altar or the main body of the church. "Nave" was probably suggested by the keel shape of its vaulting The nave of a church, whether Romanesque, Gothic or Classical, extends from the entry — which may have a separate vestibule, the narthex — to the chancel.

Neighborhood. The lots, houses, common areas and roads that make up the Architectural Preservation Districts and the City of Williamsburg.

New Construction. Any construction within the AP or CP districts, which is independent of an existing structure or an expansion of an existing structure.

Non-Contributing. A building, site, structure, or object that does not add to the historic architectural qualities, historic associations, or architectural values for which a property is

significant because; 1)it was not present during the period of significance or does not relate to the documented signigicance of the property; or 2) due to alterations, disturbances, additions, or other changes, it no longer possessess historic integrity or is capable of yielding important information about the period; or, 3) it does not independently meet the National Register criteria.

Normal Repair and Maintenance. Any work involving the replacement of existing work with equivalent material, design, color, and workmanship for the purpose of maintaining the existing condition of the building, structure or site.

Obnoxious Vegetation. Natural vegetative growth with a wild, unkempt appearance, such as uncontrolled vines, briars, poison ivy, poison oak, poison sumac, etc.

Other Structures. Any shed, greenhouse, gazebo, deck, pergola, open pavilion, children’s playhouse, spa, aboveground hot tub, trellis or other occupiable or unoccupiable constructed or installed object or space which can be seen from any common area or road.

Overlay Zoning District. A set of legal regulations on properties in a particular area or district that are additional requirements to the existing zoning regulation in effect for those properties.

Palladian Window. A window that is composed of three sections with the central one being larger and arched. The scale, proportions and location of use must be consistent with the architectural style of the house, other windows and wall proportions.

Design Review Guidelines - Appendix 8 Page 9

Parapet. A parapet is a low wall projecting from the edge of a platform, porch, terrace, or roof. Parapets may rise above the cornice of a building.

Parapet Roof. A roof that is enclosed by the parapet of a building; i.e. an upward extension of the wall, above the cornice, surrounding the roof; sometimes with a coping at the top and corbel below.

Patina. Usually a green film that forms naturally on copper and bronze, by long exposure to the natural elements, or artificially (as by acids), and often valued aesthetically for its color.

Pediment. A triangular section framed by a horizontal molding on its base and two raking (sloping) moldings on each of its sides. Used as a crowning element for doors, windows, over-mantels, and niches.

Pergola. A garden structure with an open wood-framed roof that is often latticed.

Picket Fence. A fence formed by a series of vertical pales, posts, or stakes and joined together by horizontal rails.

Pier. An upright structure of masonry, serving as a principal support.

Pilaster. A pier attached to a wall with a shallow depth and sometimes treated as a classical column with a base, shaft, and capital.

Pitch. The degree of slope of a roof.

Plan. A two-dimensional view of a building or horizontal

section of it, seen from above; hence, a precise drawing showing the arrangement of design, including wall openings, and dimensions.

Porch Chamber. An enclosed porch/room that often overlooks the garden.

Porte-cochere. A covered porch under which a car may be driven or parked.

Portico. An entrance porch often supported by columns and sometimes topped by a pedimented roof that can be open or partially enclosed.

Predominately. More than 50%.

Pre-Finished Material. Material that has received a factory finish and is ready to install upon delivery to the construction site, such as roofing shingles, etc.

Preservation. Preservation focuses on the maintenance and repair of existing historic materials and retention of a property’s form as it has evolved over time. Protection and stabilization are included under this treatment.

Pressed Brick. Bricks which, before burning, have been subjected to pressure, to free them from the imperfections of shape and texture which are common in molded bricks.

Property Line. Legal limits of property, property edge. Note: The front property line is not the edge of pavement or curb. See Right of Way.

Public View. That which is visible from any road or common area

Design Review Guidelines - Appendix 8 Page 10

Pyramidal. A structure or part suggestive of a pyramid in shape.

Quoining. Rectangular stones or blocks of wood found at the corner of a building in alternating lengths. Originally to help reinforce the corners, they can be purely decorative, as well.

Random-Glazed Headers. Bricks laid so that the short ends show, thus giving extra support when coupled with stretchers. Glazed refers to the thin, glassy, ceramic coating on the bricks.

Reconstruction. Recreation of vanished or non-surviving portions of a property for interpretive purposes.

Rehabilitation. Process of returning a property to a state of utility through the repair or alteration which makes possible an efficient contemporary use, while preserving those portions or features that are significant to its historical, architectural, and cultural values.

Relieving Arches. A discharging arch or relieving arch is an arch built over a lintel or architrave to take off the super incumbent weight.

Remodel. To alter a structure in a way that may or may not be sensitive to the preservation of its significant architectural forms and features.

Repair. The process of controlling decay by removing growths, replacing a part, or putting together what is torn or broken.

Repoint. To remove old mortar from courses of masonry and

replace it with new mortar.

Restoration. Accurately recovering the form and details of a property and its setting as it appeared at a particular period of time, by removing later work and/or replacing missing earlier work.

Retrofit. To furnish a building with new parts or equipment not available at the time of original construction.

Reveal. The depth of wall thickness between its outer face and a window or door set in an opening.

Right-of-Way (ROW). A linear strip of land which has been granted by deed or easement for the construction or maintenance of a roadway. Traffic signs, mailboxes, and driveway entrances are allowed in this area.

Risers. The vertical portion of a stair.

Rising Damp. A condition in which moisture from the ground rises into the walls of a building.

Roads. Streets, lanes, or parkways.

Sash. The movable part of a window holding the glass.

Scale. A system of proportion used in architectural drawings so that the actual size of an item to be drawn can be reduced to a size small enough to fit on a sheet of paper.

Screening. Shielding method using either natural vegetation or a structure to conceal an unsightly condition from view, or provide protection from noise or wind.

Design Review Guidelines - Appendix 8 Page 11

Selective Clearing. Limited removal of trees permitted outside of area of clearing and grubbing work. Primarily the removal of dead or diseased trees, scrub undergrowth, the thinning of overly dense growth and the removal of obnoxious or poisonous vegetation. This is accomplished with hand labor, rather than heavy equipment, to prevent damage to the roots of trees or plant materials to remain.

Shed Dormer. A small window with its own shed roof, projecting from a sloping roof.

Setback. Required distance inside all property lines, which cannot be built in as required by the City of Williamsburg or this design manual; the distance between a building and the front of the property line.

Side Street Line. The side lot line coincident with a street on a corner lot.

Sidelights. Narrow windows flanking a door.

Sign Band. The area that is incorporated within or directly under the cornice of a storefront and that contains the sign of the business in the building.

Sill. The horizontal water-shedding member at the bottom of a door or window.

Site. The land bounded by the property lines of a Lot. Acknowledged are its specific characteristics, including topography, soil, vegetation, orientation and surrounding context.

Site Improvements. Any changes to a property, including but not limited to, the construction, alteration, modification,

renovation, reconstruction, repair, restoration or demolition of walls, fences, structures, paving, pools, decorative objects, plant material and trees or earth moving of any form.

Site Plan. A plan of a Lot indicating the footprint of houses, accessory buildings, driveways, property lines, setbacks, buffers, easements, roads, curbs, utilities, major landscaping, existing trees great than 6 inches in diameter as measured 2 feet from the ground, wetlands, topography in one foot contour lines, north arrow, scale, the normal pool level and 100 year flood plain, as well as other pertinent information.

Slope. The indication of the steepness of a roof, measured by the amount of rise in inches per foot of horizontal length. An 8:9 slop is a rise of 8 feet for every 9 feet horizontally.

Spalling. A condition in which pieces of masonry split off from the surface, usually caused by weather.

Stabilization. The re-establishment of a weather-resistant enclosure and the structural stability of an unsafe or deteriorated property, while maintaining the essential form as it currently exists.

Standing-Seam Metal Roofs. A roof where long narrow pieces of metal are jointed with raised seams.

Stile. A vertical framing member of a paneled door.

Stoop. An uncovered platform and steps at an entrance.

Story. A floor area on one level enclosed by the house walls. A ½ story refers to a floor area enclosed within the roof area, above the top of the house walls; includes attic areas, both finished and unfinished.

String Course. A decorative horizontal band around a building which helps visually divide the façade, often reflecting the division of floors.

Stucco. Stucco or render is a material made of an aggregate, a binder, and water. Stucco is applied wet and hardens to a very dense solid. It is used as decorative coating for walls and ceilings and as a sculptural and artistic material in architecture. Stucco may be used to cover less visually appealing construction materials such as concrete, cinder block, or clay brick and adobe

Stylized Classical Details. Inspired by Classical Architecture and defined by simple yet breath-taking, complex yet elegant foundations and figures, including the use of Classical Orders and symmetry.

Stylized Doric Columns. Doric columns that have been modified slightly and adapted to other, less classical forms of architecture.

Submittal. A drawing, specification or sample required by the BAR in support of an application for any property improvement.

Synthetic Siding. Any siding made of vinyl, aluminum, or other metallic material, to resemble a variety of authentic wood siding types.

Synthetic Stucco. A pre-manufactured exterior finish material resembling cement stucco with smooth or textured surfaces. Brand name: “Dryvit.”

Topography. A description of the vertical characteristics of

land; i.e. flat, sloping, hills, valley, etc.

Transepts. A transept is a transverse section of any building, which lies across the main body of the building. In Christian churches, a transept is an area set crosswise to the nave in a cruciform ("cross-shaped") building in Romanesque and Gothic Christian church architecture.

Transom. The window over the cross piece of a door. Transoms that are semi-circular in shape are also called fanlights. Transoms may exhibit different numbers of lights or panes.

Tripartite Windows. Same as three-part window. Same as treble sash.

Triglph Pattern. Triglyph is an architectural term for the vertically channeled tablets of the Doric frieze, so called because of the angular channels in them, two perfect and one divided, the two chamfered angles or hemiglyphs being reckoned as one.

Turret. A small tower, usually corbeled, at the corner of a building and extending above it.

Tuscan Columns. Tuscan was a simple architectural form practiced in ancient Italy. A Tuscan column is plain, without carvings and ornaments.

Tympanum. The area between an arch and the top of a doorway or the area under the raking cornices of a pediment, above the cornice.

Unfinished Material. Material that does not receive a special coating to alter the natural appearance, but may be

Design Review Guidelines - Appendix 8 Page 13

treated with a preservative to prevent decay, such as “salttreated lumber”.

Vegetation. Plant growth, either in its natural location or transplanted setting.

Verge. A strip of grass or vegetation, usually containing street trees between the roadway and sidewalk along a given street.

Vernacular. Indigenous architecture that generally is not designed by an architect and may be characteristic of a particular region. Many simpler buildings that were constructed in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century are considered vernacular because they do not exhibit enough characteristics to relate to a particular architectural style.

Vernacular Gothic Revival. A later 19th century style that adapted Gothic elements such as pointed arches, steep gables, and towers to traditional American light-frame construction.

Volume. Space as defined by architectural elements, such as walls, roofs and floors.

Water Table. A horizontal band around a building appearing between the foundation and the first floor in order to assist in the shedding of rain away from the foundation.

Weatherboard. Also known as clapboard, bevel siding, or lap siding (with regional variants as to the exact definitions of these terms); the cladding or ‘siding’ of a house consisting of long thin timber boards that overlap one another, either

vertically or horizontally on the outside of the wall. They are usually of rectangular section with parallel sides.

Window and Door Trim. Board or molding installed around perimeter of a window or a door to conceal the joint.

Zero Lot Line House. A house located with one wall on a side lot line.

References

Design Review Guidelines - Appendix 9 Page 1 Appendix 9

Plans and Guidelines

• Secretary of Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation & Guidelines for Rehabilitating Historic Buildings

• City of Williamsburg Comprehensive Plans and Zoning Ordinance

• Culpepper Historic District Handbook & Design Guidelines (1988)

• Hilton Head Island, SC Sign Ordinance (1989)

• Leesburg H-2 Corridor Sign Ordinance (1989)

• Lynchburg Historic Districts Design Guidelines (1987)

• Port Anne (PUD, Williamsburg) Architectural Guidelines (1989)

• Winchester Historic District Handbook (1985)

Handbooks

• Advisory Service of Greater Portland Landmarks. Living with Old Houses. 1975.

• Bowsher, Alice Merewether. Design Review in Historic Districts. A Handbook for Virginia Review Boards.

• Duerksen, Christopher J. Aesthetics and Land Use Controls. Beyond Ecology and Economics. American Planning Association: Planning Advisory Service, Report Number 399. December 1986.

• Glassford, Peggy. Appearance Codes for Small Communities. American Planning Association: Planning Advisory Service, Report Number 379, October 1983.

Architecture Books

• Glassie, Henry. Folk Housing in Middle Virginia. A Structural Analysis of Historic Artifacts, The University of Tennessee Press. 1975.

• Howard, Hugh. How Old is This House?, New York. The Noonday Press. 1989.

• Jakle, John A., Robert W. Bastian, and Douglas K. Meyer. Common Houses in America’s Small Towns, The Atlantic Seaboard to the Mississippi Valley, Athens and London. The University of Georgia Press.

• Lancaster, Clay. The American Bungalow. 1880-1930, New York: Abbeville Press, 1985.

• McAlester, Virginia and Lee. A Field Guide to American Houses, New York: Alfred A Knopf. 1989.

• Smith, Henry Atterbury. 500 Small Houses of the Twenties, New York, Dover Publications, Inc. 1990.

• Stevenson, Katherine Cole and H Ward Jandl. Houses By Mail. A Guide to Houses from Sears, Roebuck and Company. National Trust for Historic Preservation. Preservation Press. 1986.

• Whiffen, Marcus and Frederick Koeper. American Architecture. 1607-1976. Cambridge MA: The MIT Press. 1981. Articles

• Dennis, Stephen N. “When Preservation Commissions go to Court”. A Summary of Favorable Treatment of Challenges to Ordinances and Commission Decisions.” Local Preservation. National Park Service, 1988.

• Labs, Kenneth. “Technics Topics: Preservation Project Options. The National Park Service’s Preservation Assistance Division elaborates on the Secretary’s of the Interiors Standards for Rehabilitation in a conversation with P/A”. Progressive Architecture 5.91.

• Pollard, Oliver A., III. “Demolition by Neglect: Testing and Limits and Effectiveness of Local Historic Preservation Regulations.” 32 Notes of Virginia 31 (Winter 1988/89).

• “Structural Moving” series. Old House Journal. Volume XIX No 1 January/February 1991.