PATTERNED JUSTICE: DESIGN LANGUAGES FOR A JUST PITTSBURGH DISPLACEMENT VIOLENCE DEPRESSION ADDICTION
Harvard University Graduate School of Design GSD STU-1507: Option Studio Student, William Toohey III Professor, Toni L. Griffin Spring 2019
PATTERNED JUSTICE: DESIGN LANGUAGES FOR A JUST PITTSBURGH William Toohey III Harvard University Graduate School of Design Cambridge, MA
DISPLACEMENT VIOLENCE DEPRESSION ADDICTION
© 2019 William Toohey III. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The license requires that others who use this work in any way must properly credit the author, but not in a way that suggests the author endorses them or their use. www.williamtooheyiii.com
Displacement
H O US ING
MIDDL E HIL L
Pattern of Injustice
2017
1967
Addison Terrace
Gentrification seems inevitable, but displacement of low-income re s i d e n t s d o e s n o t h a v e t o b e . T h e F e d e ra l G o v e r n m e n t ’s H o p e V I p ro g ra m i s re s p o n s i b l e f o r m o s t o f t h e d e m o l i t i o n a n d n e w m i xe d i n c o m e h o u s i n g , b u t re n t s s t i l l r i s e , t o t a l p u b l i c h o u s i n g u n i t s d e c re a s e , a n d p e o p l e re m a i n i s o l a t e d , re l y i n g o n u n re l i a b l e t ra n s i t t o g e t a ro u n d . R e d e v e l o p m e n t o f d i s t re s s e d p u b l i c h o u s i n g e n c l a v e s m u s t c re a t e m o re t h a n j u s t m i xe d - i n c o m e h o u s i n g .
W i l l i a m To o h e y I I I 4
FOOTNOTES + SOURCES: https://newsinteractive.post-gazette.com/nonprofit/ (images + quote).
MIDDL E HIL L H O US ING 1939
Bedford Dwellings
There must be a persistent effort to protect subsidized units and Hill residents from displacement.
1956
1939
Percent of Rental Units Grouped by Gross Rent 2000 vs. 2014
1940
2018
“Addison Terrace is gone, replaced by manicured Skyline Terrace. Around 84 percent of its renters get subsidies because of their low incomes.�
FOOTNOTES + SOURCES: https://newsinteractive.post-gazette.com/thedigs/2014/05/30/bedford-dwellings/ (images). http://apps.pittsburghpa.gov/dcp/ Pittsburgh_Housing_Needs_Assessment.pdf (data).
5
MIDDL E HIL L H O US ING
Pattern of Justice
Communal Resilience PROPOSAL I t s e e m s t h a t i t i s o n l y a m a t te r of t i m e u nt i l a l l p ost wa r p u b l i c h o u s i n g d eve l o p m e nt s a re d e m o l i s h e d a n d re p l a c e d w i t h m i xe d - i n c o m e h o u s i n g i n t h e U n i te d S ta tes . H oweve r, t h i s M i d d l e H i l l B e d fo rd D we l l i n g s m a ste r p l a n c o n s i d e rs re d eve l o p m e nt a s a n o p p o r t u n i t y to ex p e r i m e nt w i t h m i x i n g m o re t h a n j u st i n c o m es a n d h o u s i n g . At t ra ct i n g m o re d i ve rs i t y — i n te r m s of i n c o m e, b u i l d i n g p ro g ra m , eve nt s , p e o p l e, p u b l i c s p a c e, a n d t ra n s i t— c a n h e l p re i n fo rc e c o m m u n a l res i l i e n c e t h a t l a st s g e n e ra t i o n s . A n a nt i e n c l a ve a p p ro a c h i s a p ro d u ct i ve st ra te g y fo r wa rd , i n t h e c o ntex t of h i sto r i c a l l y - s e g re g a te d p u b l i c h o u s i n g p ro j e ct s . T h i s m a ste r p l a n i s o n l y o n e s c e n a r i o , b u t t h e re a l i t y of t h e H i l l ’s f u t u re s h o u l d b e a re s u l t of e c o n o m i c d eve l o p m e nt t h a t ’s g u i d e d by i n c l u s i ve g row t h st ra te g i es t h a t m o re e q u i ta b l y d i st r i b u te ow n e rs h i p a n d a ct u a l c o nt ro l of p ro p e r t y a c ros s t h e neighborhood.
Supermarket
Distributed Ownership
Mixed-Use
T h i s p l a n s h ow s a w i d e ra n g e of n ew p os s i b i l i t i e s fo r t h e H i l l D i st r i ct . A n d i t a l s o c o n s i d e r s h ow p h a s i n g n ew c o n st r u ct i o n a n d d e m o l i t i o n c a n e n s u re t h a t p u b l i c h o u s i n g re s i d e nt s m ove o n l y o n c e a n d a re n ot d i s p l a c e d f ro m t h e H i l l .
Mixed-Income Housing
Communtiy Center Block Church
Housing
1 . J U ST C I T Y VA LU E S Ad a pta b i l i t y, S u sta i n a b i l i t y 2 . P O P U L AT I O N S S E RV E D E ve r yo n e 3 . P E R M A N E N T O R T E M P O R A RY Pe r m a n e n t 4 . PAT T E R N L I N K AG E S D eve l o p m e n t Te n s i o n C o m m u n i t y La n d Tr u st 5 . M E AS U R E O F S U C C E S S C o m p o s i t i o n of U n i t Ty p e s Median Household Income H o m e ow n e rs h i p by Ra c e/ Et h n i c i t y
6
Church
Single-Family Homes
METRICS
MIDDL E HIL L H O US ING P H AS E 2 : 2 0 24 -2 0 2 7 Demolition of Public Housing and New Construction of Mixed-Use Neighborhood, Only as the Result of Successful Marketing and Management Efforts to Attract Diverse Financial, Social, and Human Capital
P H AS E 1 B : 2 0 23 Residents are Given Multiple Options to Move and Adequate Services and Legal Representation, if Needed (e.g. move into new construction across the street, take a housing voucher to another neighborhood, or enroll in another federal housing program)
P H AS E 1 A : 2 0 2 1 -2 0 23 New Construction of Innovative Mixed-Income / Mixed-Use / CourtyardStyle Housing
P H AS E 1 A : 2 0 2 1 -2 0 23 Outline and implement a dynamic network of human and social services that is prepared to work directly with individuals, individual households, groups of residents, and the entire community that occupies each building. Construct this network of services based mainly on the most urgent needs of existing public housing residents, but also anticipate the need for a system that productively improves social relations between all residents. Strive for communal resilience that spans across all possible perceived boundaries between class, culture, race, etc. It is absolutely imperative that adequate services are established before any units are occupied and must be provided to all residents. Create a methodology for evaluating resident relations.
Bedford Avenue
P H AS E 1 A : 2 0 2 1 -2 0 23 Landscape Work to Create Accessible and Inviting Connections through Neighborhood
P H AS E 1 A : 2 0 2 1 -2 0 23 New Construction and Revitalization of Existing Single-Family Homes
7
Violence
H EA LT H
MIDDL E HIL L
Pattern of Injustice
Among the 4 selected neighborhoods fo r a n a l ys i s , M i d d l e H i l l i s t h e m o st v i o l e n t , w i t h re s p e c t t o c r i m e s p e r 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 re s i d e n t s . H o w e v e r, g ro u n d e d in the belief that it is necessar y t o c o n f ro n t v i o l e n t h i s t o r i e s i n o rd e r t o p re v e n t f u t u re c y c l e s , new development can intentionally position itself in places that have b e e n m a r k e d b y v i o l e n c e . Ta rg e t e d i n t e r v e n t i o n c a n h e l p c re a t e s p a c e s a n d s e r v i c e s t o a d d re s s t r a u m a .
W i l l i a m To o h e y I I I 8
FOOTNOTES + SOURCES: https://www.post-gazette.com/local/city/2014/10/08/Man-fatally-shot-in-Hill-District-Pittsburgh/stories/201410080153 (images). https://www.post-gazette.com/local/city/2014/10/08/Man-fatally-shot-in-Hill-District-Pittsburgh/stories/201410080153 (quote on next page).
MIDDL E HIL L
Crime in the City of Pittsburgh Categorized for Uniform Crime Crime in the Reporting City of Pittsburgh (UCR), 2010 Categorized for Uniform Crime Repo through January 2019 through January 2019
Violent Crime
Select Offense
All
Property Crime
All
Part II
Violent Crime
Total Crimes Reported 2005 – 2015
What are Middle the offenses? Hill Total
Drug Abuse Violations Other assaults Larceny Theft Vandalism All Other Offenses Burglary Violent Crime Assault Violent Crime Robbery Forgery and Counterfeiting Fraud Motor Vehicle Theft Disorderly Conduct Weapons: Carrying, Possessing, Etc Driving Under the Influence Drunkenness Arson Stolen Property: Buying, Receiving, Possessing Violent Crime Criminal Homicide Violent Crime Rape Sex Offenses (Except Forcible Rape and Prostitution) Liquor Laws Offenses Against the Family and Children Runaways (Persons under age 18) Prostitution and Commercialized Vice Curfew and Loitering Laws—(Persons under 18) Embezzlement
Property Crime
Select Offense Data last updated All as of: 1/31/2019
Part II
many offenses are cleared with an arrest? WhatHow are the offenses? East Liberty / Garfield Total Population:
Population: 1,202
Top 3 Crimes
Select Year Select Select Offense Type Neighborhood Middle Hill
421
All
Select Year
Selec Multiple
H EA LT H
Select Offense Type
How many offenses are clea
9,544
1,565 Larceny Theft 26% 1,441 1500 Other assaults 17% 1,342 1,3 331Vandalism 324 12% 14% 314 299 291 288 7% Burglary 10% 250 1000 6% All Other Offenses 9% 5% Drug Abuse Violations 200 5% 5% Offense Count: 537 ≈ 703.3 per 100K Violent Crime Robbery 5% Offense Count: 144 ≈ 1,497.5 per 100K 500 54% 52% 4% Fraud 63% 59% 59% 4% Offense Count: 116 ≈ 1,206.3 per 100K 39% 39% 40% 45 55% 48% 49% 42% 4% Violent Crime Assault Offense Count: 435 ≈ 569.7 per 100K 3% 0 0 3% Disorderly Conduct 3% 3% 2017 2010 2011 2012 2013 2018 2010 2011 2012 20 Motor2014 Vehicle2015 Theft 2016 3% 2% Forgery and Counterfeiting 2% Weapons: Carrying, Possessing, Etc 1% Where do the offenses occur? Where do the offenses occu 2% Driving Under the Influence 1% 2% Arson 1% 1% Stolen Property: Buying, Receiving, Possessing 1% 1% Sex Offenses (Except Forcible Rape and Prostitution) 1% 1% Prostitution and Commercialized Vice 0% 1% Offense Count: 15 ≈ 156.0 per 100K Offenses Against the Family and Children 0% 0% Offense Count: 12 ≈ 124.8 per 100K Drunkenness 0% 0% Violent Crime Rape 0% Offense Count: 36 ≈ 47.2 per 100K 0% Violent Crime Criminal Homicide 0% Offense Count: 30 ≈ 39.3 per 100K 0% Runaways (Persons under age 18) 0% 0% Embezzlement 0% 0% Liquor Laws 0% 0% Curfew and Loitering Laws—(Persons under 18) 0% 0% Gambling 0% 17%
400
379 Top 3 Crimes
Crime in the City of Pittsburgh Categorized for Uniform Crime Crime in the Reporting City of Pittsburgh (UCR), 2010 Categorized for Uniform Crime Repo through January 2019 through January 2019 0 Select Offense Type
When do the offenses occur? Violent Crime
Property Crime Mon
All Part II Tue Wed
Thu
200 400 Select Offense
Fri
600 All
Select Year Select Select Offense Type Neighborhood Beechview
When do the offenses occur? Sat
Sun
Total
Violent Crime
Tue
Part II Wed
1K 2K 3K Select Offense Data last updated All as of: 1/31/2019
Thu
Fri
Sat
Sun
All
Select Year
Selec Hazelwoo
Total
3% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 3% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 14% 15% Morning (5AM-11AM) 5% 5% 5% 4% 6% 4% 5% 4% 5% 4% 4% 3% 4% 30% 34% Afternoon (11AM-5PM) many offenses are cleared with an How many offenses are clea are the offenses? 4% 5% 5% 5% 4% arrest? 6% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 4% 4% 34% WhatHow 32% Evening (5PM-11PM) Offense C.. Offense C.. 3,332 2% 2% 2% 3% 3% 2% 2% 4% 3% 4% 4% 4% 3% 22% 19% Night (11PM-5AM) 576 assaults 14%2,926 14% 15% 14% 15% 14% 15% 14% 13% 100% 13% 100% Total 570 509 Larceny Theft15% 16% 15% Other 18% 600 551 537 536 532 464 504 18% Other assaults Larceny Theft 42 415 426 423 13% 13% Vandalism Vandalism 400 400 9% 8% Drug Abuse Violations Burglary 9% 8% All Other Offenses Drug Abuse Violations 7% 7% Burglary All Other Offenses 200 200 4% Offense Count: 175 ≈ 506.7 per 100K 6% Violent Crime Fraud Assault 48% 51% 47% 48% 45%Violent 41% 50% 45% 40% 39% 45 49% Count: 168 ≈ 486.4 per 100K 4% Disorderly Conduct Crime Robbery 44% 4% Offense 4% 0 0 3% Driving Under the Influence Fraud 3% Offense Count: 143 ≈ 224.2 per 100K2010 Violent Crime Assault Disorderly 2011 2012 2013 2014 Conduct 2015 2016 4%2017 2018 2010 2011 2012 20 3% 2% Motor Vehicle Theft Motor Vehicle Theft 2% 2% Offense Count: 110 ≈ 172.4 per 100K Violent Crime Robbery Weapons: Carrying, Possessing, Etc Where do the offenses occur? Where do the offenses occu 2% 1% Weapons: Carrying, Possessing, Etc Forgery and Counterfeiting 1% Sex Offenses (Except Forcible Rape and Prostitution) 1% Driving Under the Influence 1% Forgery and Counterfeiting 1% Arson 1% Drunkenness 1% Drunkenness Arson 0% Stolen Property: Buying, Receiving, Possessing 1% Offenses Against the Family and Children 0% Sex Offenses (Except Forcible Rape and Prostitution) 1% Violent Crime Rape 0% Offense Count: 16 ≈ 25.1 per 100K Liquor Laws 1% Stolen Property: Buying, Receiving, Possessing 0% Offenses Against the Family and Children 0% Prostitution and Commercialized Vice 0% Embezzlement 0% Prostitution and Commercialized Vice 0% Violent Crime Rape 0% Offense Count: 9 ≈ 26.1 per 100K Liquor Laws 0% Violent Crime Criminal Homicide 0% Offense Count: 7 ≈ 20.3 per 100K Violent Crime Criminal Homicide 0% Offense Count: 2 ≈ 3.1 per 100K Runaways (Persons under age 18) 0% Runaways (Persons under age 18) 0% Embezzlement 0%
Morning (5AM-11AM) Afternoon (11AM-5PM) What are the(5PM-11PM) offenses? Evening Night (11PM-5AM) Total
2% 5% 4% 2% 14%
Property Crime Mon
0K
Beechview Total Population: 7,974
Hazelwood Total Population: 4,317
Top 3 Crimes
Top 3 Crimes
0
500
1000
When do the offenses occur?
200
400
600
800
When do the offenses occur? Mon
Tue
Wed
Thu
Fri
Sat
Sun
Total
Allegheny County Total 2005 – 2015 2% Homicides 2% 3% Reported 3% 3% 1% 1% 16% Morning (5AM-11AM) Afternoon (11AM-5PM) Evening (5PM-11PM) Night (11PM-5AM) Total
0
4% 4% 3% 13%
4% 4% 3% 14%
4% 4% 3% 14%
Homicide Victim by Race
4% 4% 3% 14%
5% 5% 4% 16%
4% 5% 4% 14%
4% 4% 5% 14%
29% 30% 25% 100%
Mon Morning (5AM-11AM) Afternoon (11AM-5PM) Evening (5PM-11PM) Offense C.. Night (11PM-5AM) Total
Homicide Victim by Gender
Tue
Wed
2% 2% 4% 5% 6% 5% 3% 2% 15%4,673 15%
2% 4% 5% 3% 14%
Thu
Fri
Sat
Sun
Total
2% 4% 6% 2% 15%
2% 4% 5% 3% 14%
2% 4% 5% 3% 15%
1% 4% 5% 3% 13%
13% 29% 38% 19% 100%
“‘I love you. I’m so sorry I couldn’t stop them,’ Young’s mother said ... He hadn’t yet made it to the sidewalk when he was shot three times and collapsed in his front yard, Pittsburgh public safety spokeswoman Sonya Toler said.” Offense C..
% of Weapons Used Homicide Victim by Age
Homicides disproportionately affect black men between the ages of 15 and 34. FOOTNOTES + SOURCES: https://public.tableau.com/profile/alleghenycountydhsdare#!/vizhome/UCRCityofPittsburgh2005-August2015/UCRDB (top bar graphs). https://public.tableau.com/profile/alleghenycountydhsdare#!/vizhome/ UCRCityofPittsburgh2005-August2015/UCRDB (bottom bar graphs).
9
MIDDL E HIL L H EA LT H
Pattern of Justice
Networked Reconciliation PROPOSAL
T h i s p ro p o s a l c o n n e ct s i nt i m a te s p a c es t h ro u g h t h e b l o c k a n d u t i l i zes a n a d j a c e nt , va c a nt l ot to i n f i l l w i t h a b u i l d i n g d e d i c a te d to re c re a t i o n a n d c o m m u n i t y s e r v i c es .
Recreation Gardens
METRICS 1 . J U ST C I T Y VA LU E S C o n f l i c t , Re c o n c i l i a t i o n 2 . P O P U L AT I O N S S E RV E D Yo u t h a n d M ot h e rs 3 . P E R M A N E N T O R T E M P O R A RY Pe r m a n e n t 4 . PAT T E R N L I N K AG E S Lo s s Urban Wilds 5 . M E AS U R E O F S U C C E S S D e c re a s e d V i o l e n c e
10
Recreation
Daycare
Community Organizations
T h e i nte nt i o n a l p os i t i o n i n g of n ew d eve l o p m e nt n e a r s i tes t h a t h a ve b e e n m a r ke d by v i o l e n c e c a n h e l p fa c i l i ta te a p ro c es s t h a t a c k n ow l e d g es t h e p a st , a d d re s s es t ra u m a , a n d c re a tes a c o m m o n v i s i o n to p reve nt reta l i a to r y v i o l e n c e. T h e n ot i o n of a “ n et wo r ke d re c o n c i l i a t i o n ” i nvo l ves m u l t i p l e s i tes t h a t a re l i n ke d , p hy s i c a l l y, s o c i a l l y, o r sy ste m a t i c a l l y, t h ro u g h a va r i et y of o rg a n i za t i o n s a n d i n st i t u t i o n s t h a t ow n o r m a i nta i n t h e s i tes .
MIDDL E HIL L H EA LT H Wylie Avenue
Church
Morgan Street E R I C YO U N G, 1 7 Senior at Pittsburgh Milliones University Prep, Shot and Killed Around 7am on October 8, 2014
“Nearly half of black teenagers surveyed in Allegheny County report losing a friend or family member to murder, a disproportionately stark statistic that is associated with suicide attempts and other negative childhood experiences, according to research led by UPMC and University of Pittsburgh scientists.�
rch
Chu
FOOTNOTES + SOURCES: https://www.upmc.com/media/news/111318-bamwine-chp-apha (quote).
11
Depression
H EA LT H
B E E CHVIE W
Pattern of Injustice
I n A l l e g h e n y C o u n t y , m o re t h a n 2 ,1 0 0 s u i c i d e s o c c u r re d f ro m 2 0 0 2 t o 2 0 1 4 . I n a n A p r i l 2 0 1 9 N e w Yo r k T i m e s o p e d , D r. A m y B a r n h o r s t ( p s y c h i a t r i s t ) w ro t e , “ w e c e r t a i n l y n e e d m o re p s y c h i a t r i c s e r v i c e s a n d m o re re s e a rc h i n t o b e t t e r, f a s t e r- a c t i n g t re a t m e n t s f o r s e v e re d e p re s s i o n and suicidal thoughts, but that will n e v e r b e e n o u g h . ” P a r t o f a m o re h o l i s t i c re s p o n s e i n v o l v e s m i s s i o n driven design that helps shape e n v i ro n m e n t s f o r h e a l i n g .
W i l l i a m To o h e y I I I 12
FOOTNOTES + SOURCES: http://healthshire.com/ (image). https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/26/ opinion/sunday/suicide-prevention.html (quote).
B E E CHVIE W
Suicides in Allegheny County, 2002 - 2014
Data Source: Allegheny County Medical Examiner’s OďŹƒce, Department of Human Services (DHS) Data Warehouse and United States Census Suicide Trend & Victim Residences
Time and Method of Suicide & Victim Demographics
20
H EA LT H
Suicide Rate Per 100,000 Population by Year: Pittsburgh, Allegheny County and US Pittsburgh
15 Allegheny County United States
10 Allegheny County
Pittsburgh
United States
5 2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Monthly Trend of Suicide (Year: All) Year of Suicide All
200
2,283
Suicides in total
202
201 186
189
April
May
182
177
100
13
0 January
February
March
June
Number of Suicides by Residence Address in Census Tract
0
202
185
197
150
in every 100,000 people commit suicide
Number of Suicides
218
194
July
August
September
October
November
December
Suicide Rate by Residence Address in Census Tract
Anuual Rate per 100,000 people 17
0.0
42.0
In Allegheny County and in the United States, suicide disproportionately affects white men between the ages of 35 and 54.
FOOTNOTES + SOURCES: https://www.alleghenycountyanalytics.us/index.php/2016/02/01/suicide-in-allegheny-county-2002-through-2014/ (data).
13
B E E CHVIE W
Supportive Refuge PROPOSAL T h i s U P M C - f u n d e d u rg e nt c a re c e nte r of fe rs t h e B e e c hv i ew c o m m u n i t y n ew s e r v i c es , p u b l i c s p a c e, a n d a sta te - of- t h e - a r t h e a l t h c a re fa c i l i t y. A n d a l o c a l ta s k fo rc e w i l l re c e i ve s u p p o r t to a d d re s s d e p res s i o n , a n x i et y, a n d t h e m o st v u l n e ra b l e res i d e nt s . T h i s n ew p l a c e c re a tes a n i nv i t i n g e nv i ro n m e nt fo r l o c a l s to e n j oy b u t a l s o h e l ps res p o n d to u n m et p u b l i c h e a l t h n e e d s of t h e c o m m u n i t y. T h i s i s a l s o i nte n d e d to b e a n i nv i t i n g a n d c o nve n i e nt h e a l t h c a re fa c i l i t y t h a t n e i t h e r fe e l s n o r l o o ks l i ke a t ra d i t i o n a l h e a l t h c a re i n st i t u t i o n . T h e p a t te r n l a n g u a g e of a rc h i te ct u re t h a t s e r ves p e o p l e a n d p u b l i c h e a l t h c a n evo l ve i nto s o m et h i n g m o re u n i q u e a n d h o p ef u l l y a t t ra ct i ve. M e a n i n g f u l a rc h i te ct u re a n d u r b a n d es i g n m i g ht a ct u a l l y h e l p c o nt r i b u te to i m p rov i n g t h e h e a l t h of p e o p l e w h o ex p e r i e n c e i t , es p e c i a l l y i f i t m a kes o n e fe e l a s e n s e of b e l o n g i n g o r ref u g e i n a t i m e of i n sta b i l i t y.
METRICS 1 . J U ST C I T Y VA LU E S H e a l t h i n e s s , S a fet y 2 . P O P U L AT I O N S S E RV E D E ve r yo n e 3 . P E R M A N E N T O R T E M P O R A RY Pe r m a n e n t 4 . PAT T E R N L I N K AG E S 5 . M E AS U R E O F S U C C E S S D e c re a s e d S u i c i d e s
14
24/7 Urgent Care
Patient Capacity = 8 to 10
At riu m C Pere rm atie ts De s ir ab le D ay lig hti ng
H EA LT H
Pattern of Justice
Covered Open Space
B E E CHVIE W H EA LT H Public Library
Broadway Avenue
Ch
ur ch
Gy
m
na
si
um
Church
Bee
chvi
ew M
anor
15
Addiction
H EA LT H
B E E CHVIE W
Pattern of Injustice
T h e U . S . D e p a r t m e n t o f J u s t i c e ra n k s combating the opioid crisis as its #3 p r i o r i t y , b e l o w # 1 p ro t e c t i n g n a t i o n a l s e c u r i t y a n d # 2 re d u c i n g v i o l e n t c r i m e . Can planning and design challenge the way society views addiction a n d re c o v e r y ? I n v e s t i n g i n l o c a l re h a b i l i t a t i o n f a c i l i t i e s t h a t o f f e r m o re t h a n j u s t s p a c e t o re c o v e r c a n h e l p destigmatize the issue and normalize t h e p u b l i c h e a l t h p ro c e s s e s t h a t t ra n s f o r m v u l n e ra b i l i t y i n t o re s i l i e n c e .
W i l l i a m To o h e y I I I 16
B E E CHVIE W H EA LT H
Opioid-Related Fatalities by City of Pittsburgh Neighborhood 2015–2016
Legend
Number of Deaths by Neighborhood
“An 11-year-old girl overdosed on heroin Wednesday in Beechview ... A family member performed CPR on the girl, who was breathing when paramedics arrived. The paramedics then administered Narcan, a drug that blocks opioids, and revived her.” Fentanyl-Analog & Cocain Involvement Among Opioid-Related Fatalities
Opioid-related fatalities disproportionately affect white men between the ages of 25 and 34. FOOTNOTES + SOURCES: https://www.alleghenycountyanalytics.us/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/18-ACDHS-27-NaloxoneACJ-022119_v2.pdf (map). https://www.post-gazette. com/news/overdosed/2017/05/04/11-year-old-girl-overdoses-heroin-Beechview-Pittsburgh-Narcan/stories/201705040162 (top-left image). https://www.post-gazette.com/ news/health/2019/01/14/Americans-more-likely-die-accidental-opioid-overdose-than-car-accident/stories/201901150094 (middle-left image). https://www.economist.com/ briefing/2019/02/23/tens-of-thousands-of-americans-die-each-year-from-opioid-overdoses (bottom-left image).
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B E E CHVIE W H EA LT H
Pattern of Justice
Collective Rehabilitation PROPOSAL T h i s b u i l d i n g ’s p r i m a r y p u r p os e i s fo r re h a b i l i ta t i n g i n d i v i d u a l s s u f fe r i n g f ro m a d d i ct i o n . I t of fe rs b e d s , t ra i n e d sta f f, n ew s o c i a l p ro g ra m s t h a t e n c o u ra g e c o l l e ct i ve h e a l i n g , a n d f l ex i b l e s p a c e fo r a va r i et y of g u est l e ct u re s a n d e d u c a t i o n - o r i e nte d a ct i v i t i es . A m i x of u s es of fe rs t h e c o m m u n i t y n ew s p a c e t h a t i s n ot e nt i re l y exc l u s i ve fo r t h e p u r p os e of re c ove r y. Walking Track
Fenced-In Lawn
Community Space for Group Dialogue
Office
Office
METRICS 1 J U ST C I T Y VA LU E S H e a l t h i n e s s , S a fet y 2 . P O P U L AT I O N S S E RV E D E ve r yo n e 3 . P E R M A N E N T O R T E M P O R A RY Pe r m a n e n t 4 . PAT T E R N L I N K AG E S Va c a n cy 5 . M E AS U R E O F S U C C E S S D e c re a s e d D r u g - Re l a te d F a ta l i t i e s D e c re a s e d U s e of N a l oxo n e
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Office Amphitheater
B E E CHVIE W H EA LT H Vacancy
1519 Beechview Avenue
Church
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Cover Images: “Pittsburgh 1902,” accessed 2019 May 1, https://www.reddit.com/r/pittsburgh/comments/8ssfzd/pittsburgh_1902/. www.williamtooheyiii.com