Bidjovagge Jingyuan Hu & Kari Havnevik
The location
Lakselv
Alta
Tromsø Oslo
Skibotn
Bardufoss
Karasjok
Storslett
Finnmarksvidda
Kautokeino
Bidjovagge
Kautokeino
Bigjovagge copper and goldmine in placed in a green rock belt in Finnmark, on the border of Troms municipality. The mine is about 2,5 km long, and is located 40 km North-East of Kautokeino. The mine has been exploting copper and gold over two periods of time, and is now planning to reopen. The first period of extraction from 1970-1975 the mine was only extracting copper. When Finish Outokumpu acquired the mine in -84 they started to extract a lot more gold, but because of the low copper price on the market they had to close down. Today the Swedish firm Artic Gold AB has bought the mine and is planning to operate by 2013. There has been a protest from the indigenous hearding people in the area together with locals and nature environment directorate. Who will win? Will operation in of Bidjovagge take place, or will the indigenous and environmentalists be heard this time?
Brief History of Norwegian Oil
1950 no one believed there was oil or gas
1959 foundings in Netherland changed people’s mind 1963, he government proclaimed sovereignty over the Norwegian continental shelf.
1971 First oil produced
1969 First commercial discovery
1974 A giant is found Statfjord was proven in the North Sea
1980 Alexanser L Kielland disaster created biggest disaster in Norway’s oil history
1981 Discoveries in the Norwegian Sea
1986 Go for gas
2000 Peak reached 2007 Production start and merge
http://www.olf.no/en/Facts/Petroleum-history/
1977 Bravo blowout
1992 Another pipeline
1950
Sami
?
Swedish Company Bolide 1985
1970 1975
Restart
Finish Company Outokumpu
Stop
Continue
Norwegian Company
production ended Bidjovagge Gruber A/S 1991
Stop
http://www.arcticgold.se/
low gold price
We try to find if there is any influence of the oil industry to mining in Norway, though we did not find any, we believe there must be some impact there.
2010 Restart
Future ?
Swedish Company Arctic Gold
Brief History of Bidjovagge
Start
Here shows the annual production of Grasberg, the biggest gold mine in the world, Super Pit the tenth biggest gold mine and Kittil채, the biggest gold mine in Europe.
Grasberg, Indonesia We cannot find number for the same year so it is a rough comparison. Grasberg, ~2,063,000 ounces, 2006 Super Pit, ~788,000 ounces, 2010 Kittila, ~176,000 ounces, 2011
Super Pit, Australia
Kittil채, Finnland
http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/243787/20111104/10-biggest-gold-mines-world.htm#page1
How big is Bidjovagge?
http://naturvernforbundet.no/
Themined backfill of rocks The landscape
The backfill water Water cover the of deposit
Picturs of Bidjovagge Today http://www.dirmin.no/
Bidjovagge
Reisa Nationalpark
Spring pasture 1 Spring/Autum pasture 1
Jorba
Autum pasture 1 Autum pasture 2 Autum/Winter pasture 1
Pollution zone
Kautokeino
Enviroment vs. Mining Drilling for minerals in mines mainly happens in the summertime because of the ground in the winter, and makes it hard to drill. When drilling for minerals a lot of dust is created, and chemicals are used to extract the minerals. These chemicals are mixed in with the dust and pollute the area around. The range of damage is uncertain, but it affects large areas around. The water is also polluted, and some of the chemicals could even affect the ground water. In the earlier operation periods in Bidejovagge the consequences of drilling was clearly visual. The pollution affected the lichen in the area, and around 100 000 reindeers in the
area. The conflict between the Sami people and the mining industry is therefore quite hot. Bidjovagge mine is also located in one of the reindeer’s moving path. What will the consequences of a future drilling operation be? It is said that reindeer can easily adapt to new tracks if they are “forced� to change their heading path. Maybe it would be possible to lead the reindeer into creating new paths of moving. And by crossing land that is further away from the mine the land might be less polluted. This could be a solution if the mine is reopend in 2013.
= 5 People
Reindeers = 510reindeer
5 people/ 1 family
Trym Ivar Bergsmo Boazojahki four seasons with the reindeer people
On average, 5 people (1 family generally) own a group of 1000 2000 reindeers
2000 reindeers 1
It is a speculation of the number of the reindeer for a Sami family since there is no accurate statistic for it. It depends on the scale of the family.
Economy
Participants in the issue of reopening Bidjovagge Politics Mining Indigenous
Fefo Finnmark Property
Statskog
NINA Norwegian Insitute of Nature Reserch
Road management
NIKU Norwegian Insititue for Culture Heritage
KILF Climate and Pollution management
DN Directorat for Nature Management
people Reindeer Properties Infrastructure Environment
Arctic Gold AB
Alcaston Exploration AB
The Norwegian Parliament
Nordreisea Municipality
Kautokeino Municipality
Sami parliament
Local residents
Reindeer managmet
Sequence one
Reclaim the area if the mine is not restored
Reopening the Mine
Reopening the mine
The question about reopening the Bidjovagge mine is a hot topic at the moment. Arctic Gold AB in cooperation with Alcaston Exploration AB is planning to reo claim that they have found more minerals to extract. Bidjovagge is located in the middle of a reindeer heading area which provokes the Sami Sidas. In the ques the environmental issue will determine whether or not the mine will be reopened. In order to start operating again Arctic Gold has to pass several political and The new extraction will also affect other participants, and discussions and agreements will take place in order to plan this new operation.
open the mine, and stion of reopening d environmental acts.
Future sequence events
Enclosure of the mine after det reopening
Roots of the issue of Bidejovagge
Sequence two
Reclaim the area if the mine is not restored
Reopening the Mine
Reclaim the area if the mine is not restored
If Actic Gold does not succeed to pass the acts the area is still an issue. Polluted ground, and large scares are left at the area, and who will take responsibil area is grounded in two municipalities, and the Sami has the right to the land. The polluted ground may still be affecting the water and ground water, and closure of the mine in 1991 does not provide enough information on what is actually left of chemicals and other emissions. The environmentalists want t cover the scares of the landscape, but who will be economically responsible?
lity to clean this up? The d the report done on the to clean up the land and
Enclosure of the mine after det reopening
Sequence three
Reclaim the area if the mine is not restored
Reopening the Mine
Enclosure of the mine Arctic Gold may be able to provide enough evidence of existing minerals and pass the emission demand. As they predict today they might be able to o a short period of time according to mining industries. The result will probably be even larger stigmas in the landscape and will they be able to cover th area? Will the same thing happen as for the closure in 1991?
operate in 5-10 years. That is e expense of reclaiming the
Enclosure of the mine after det reopening
Conclusion The scars in the landscape after two periods of mining are still visible. The case of reopening the mine has several opinions and the consequences of restoring are still vague because there is a lack of research on the topic. The area is polluted and scared whether or not the extraction will start again. Is it possible to heal this fractured landscape? I think that should be the main issue of this discussion. Who will reclaim this landscape and fit it in to its natural biosphere? The way I see it the area has no economical fund to be cleaned. By setting up a deal with the future mining company which secure a reclamation fund for the area might be the only way to raise money to increase the natural quality of the area.
Why they are always being found together in the ore deposit? Many ore bodies are the result of late -stage melts of crustal or oceanic crustal rocks. What Silver, Gold and Copper have in common is a relatively low melting point so any late-stage situation can have these metals concentrated together.
Gold(Au) Copper(Cu) 1063 1083 Silver(Ag) 916
Tin(Sn) 232
Zinc(Zn) 419 Lead(Pb) 327
Celsius Degree
Magnesium(Mg) Alluminium(Al) 670 659
http://www.heiszwolf.com/knutselsmurf/Casting/Casting.html http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100216140409AAmQN4G
Iron(Fe) 1530
Total production of each period
How many people involved = 10 people
http://aps.ngu.no/pls/oradb/minres_BH_fakta.Kjerne?p_objid=10819&p_spraak=N
194
6292
6486
Gold
kg
5y-production
5y-production
unkown
Copper 6565
23752
30300
ton
first period first period
second period
future 2013-?
?
Nordfeltet
B- Deposit B- Deposit
B
Nordfeltet Deposit Nordfeltet Deposit
Line of anrikningsverk Line of deponi for avgangsmasser Old gr책berg New gr책berg New gr책berg on old storage Mineralisation Ore Old sand deponi Old opencast
Deposit for avgangsmasser D- Deposit
105 m
D- Deposit
D
http://www.arcticgold.se/Filer/dokument/ovrigt/ Vedlegg-2.-Presentasjon-fra-Rambll-pa-folkemtene-
68 m
Laura Deposit Laura Deposit
Laura
Bijovagge Mine
Deposit areas put into scale
30 000 m3
B- Deposit
10 000 m2
30 000 m3 15 000 m2 Nordfeltet Deposit
165 000 m3
100 000 m2
D- Deposit
640 000 m3
Laura Deposit 108 000 m2
Deposit areas planned masses
Sub surface mine
headframe
Typical subsurface mining
Combination
ventilation shalft main shalft ore pass
stope
Underground mine Sub surface mine
ramp
Combination
ore body
Surface mine
main levels ore pass crusher skip
Surface mine
sump
diamond drilling
ore bin exploration drift
Typical surface mining
dust & noise buffle top soil to storage
bench
backfill by overburden
http://www.ec.gc.ca/lcpe-cepa/default.asp?lang=En&n=CBE3CD59-1&offset=4&toc=show http://www.ngu.no
backfill
In Bidjovagge 16 drillings
1956-1975
103 drillings
1985-1993
drilling