Which State has the dirtiest pillow? by Wired Internet Group

Head Office: 31 Collingwood Street OSBORNE PARK WA 6017 Ph: (08) 9202 0200 www.mould.com.au

13 December 2012 Zarr Marketing Solutions Ground Floor 9 Gwynne Street RICHMOND VIC 3121

RE: Report on Mycological Analysis of Pillow Samples

JOB # & NAME: 6165 – Tontine Pillow Exchange Study Sampling By: Anish Aya and Babar Ali (Cert I Mould Sampling) on Date: 1-10/11/2012 Statistical Analysis By: Dr Peter Kemp

Table of Contents 1.

Background and Methodology ....................................................................................................................................... 2

Findings........................................................................................................................................................................... 3

Standard Methods, Glossary & Limitations................................................................................................................... 5

Summary ......................................................................................................................................................................... 6

Results: DUST EXTRACTION Fungal Concentrations – Sample Group NSW ........................................................... 12

Results: DUST EXTRACTION Fungal Concentrations – Sample Group VIC ............................................................. 14

Results: DUST EXTRACTION Fungal Concentrations – Sample Group QLD ............................................................ 16

Results: DUST EXTRACTION Fungal Concentrations – Sample Group TAS ............................................................ 18

Results: DUST EXTRACTION Fungal Concentrations – Sample Group WA ............................................................. 20

10.

Results: DUST EXTRACTION Fungal Concentrations – Sample Group SA ......................................................... 22

11.

Results: DUST EXTRACTION Fungal Concentrations – Sample Group NT.......................................................... 24

12.

Statistical Analysis (Minitab® 16.1.1)...................................................................................................................... 26

12.1.

ANOVA ANALYSIS ................................................................................................................................................... 27

13.

Photos (avaiable in larger format and higher resolution) ...................................................................................... 55

JOB: 6165 – Tontine Pillow Exchange Study

Page 1 of 58

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IAQ, SBS & MOULD INVESTIGATIONS

1. BACKGROUND AND METHODOLOGY Approximately 900 pillows from 7 states were provided by Tontine. Information regarding the age of the pillow, user, frequency of wash and if the pillow had been used for travelling was recorded by representatives of the company at the time of collection. 50 pillows from each state were then segregated into 3 broad groups based on the age and user of the pillows. The distribution of the pillows is as follows:  Adult – 40 pillows o 13 pillows of age <2yrs o 13 pillows of age 2<5yrs o 14 pillows of ages >5yrs  Kids – 10 pillows of varying age group 350 pillows were analysed in total. The remaining pillows were discarded. Each, the pillow was uniquely was labelled and uniquely vacuumed for 1 minute using a Filter Queen vacuum cleaner. Each test consisted of placing a pre-weighted filter in the Dust Scope filter compartment to collect the dust from the pillow. The filter was re-weighed to measure the total amount of dust collected prior to plating. Between tests, the filter compartment was cleaned with alcohol wipes. The vacuum hose was also rinsed with a 70% ethanol solution prior to start to kill all organisms present and then after every 10 tests (or at the end of each sample group) in order to prevent the build up dust and cross contamination. In order to examine the different types of fungi present, a known mass of dust extracted from the filter paper was sprinkled evenly onto 2 different mediums - 2% Malt Extract Agar plate (90mm) and the Dextrose Rose Bengal Agar (90mm). The mass of the inoculum was determined by comparing pre and post filter weight. The inoculated plates were then incubated at room temperature for 3-5 days, depending on growth of fungal genera. This was done under sterile conditions. After incubation, each plate was counted and the colonies recorded as CFU/plate. Fungal genera was identified suing colony morphology and microscopic analysis to provide an in depth analysis of the varying type of organisms present in each sample group.

JOB: 6165 – Tontine Pillow Exchange Study

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2. FINDINGS Total fungal counts (CFU/pillow) Significant differences were found between the Total CFU/pillow of the 7 sample groups. In particular NT, QLD & WA sample groups had higher counts than all other states. NT and WA also had higher counts than QLD sample group. No significant difference between total CFU/pillow was found between pillows that were:  used by adult or children  age of the pillow  whether the pillow had been used for travelling or not  whether the pillow had undergone some sort of clean (wash, put out in the sun, beaten or vacuumed) Kids’ pillows from WA had the highest total CFU/pillow count followed by NT. Kids pillows 2 states had a much higher average total CFU/pillow compared to the rest of the states. Adults’ pillows from NT, WA and QLD had a much higher total CFU/pillow count compared to the rest of the sample groups.

Fungal genera distribution Below is a summary of findings of the different fungal species present in each of the 7 sample groups. TAS Dominant species: Yeast, Cladosporium sp. and Penicillium sp. Significantly higher compared to other states: Geotrichum sp. and A. Niger Exclusive/almost exclusive: Nigrospora sp., Acremonuim sp., A. fumigatus, Wallemia sp. and Ascomycetes NSW Dominant species: Yeast, Cladosporium sp. and Penicillium sp. Significantly higher compared to other states: A. Niger, Phoma sp. and Sterile Mycelia Exclusive/almost exclusive: A. fumigatus and Ascomycetes QLD Dominant species: Yeast, Aureobasidium sp., Cladosporium sp., Epicoccum sp., Zygomycetes and Monilia sp. Significantly higher compared to other states: Monilia sp. and Zygomycetes Exclusive/almost exclusive: None VIC Dominant species: Yeast, Cladosporium sp. and Penicillium sp. Significantly higher: None Exclusive: None WA Dominant species: Yeast, Cladosporium sp., Alternaria sp., Epicoccum sp., Zygomycetes and Monilia sp. Significantly higher compared to other states: Cladosporium sp. and Alternaria sp. Exclusive: None SA Dominant species: Yeast, Cladosporium sp. and Penicillium sp. Significantly higher compared to other states: Monilia sp. Exclusive: None JOB: 6165 – Tontine Pillow Exchange Study

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NT Dominant species: Yeast, Cladosporium sp., Aureobasidium sp., Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp., Epicoccum sp., and Monilia sp. Significantly higher compared to other states: A. Niger and Aspergillus sp. Exclusive: None NB:  

A. fumigatus is human pathogen and was detected in samples from TAS and NSW exclusively. Wallemia sp., another human pathogen was detected in a small sample group of adult pillows from TAS exclusively.

Dust The WA, NT and QLD sample groups also had a higher average dust extracted compared to the NSW, VIC, SA and TAS sample groups. The average dust extracted from kids’ pillows was greatest in the WA sample group followed by SA and NT sample groups. TAS, NSW, QLD and VIC sample groups had much a much lower average. The average dust extracted from the adults’ pillows showed a very similar trend to the total CFU/pillow; NT, WA and QLD had a much higher average dust extracted compared to the rest of the sample groups. The average dust extracted from each of the sample group was seen to increase with age of the pillow (i.e.: adult pillows <2yrs < adult pillows 2<5yrs < adult pillows >5yrs). Report Details Follow

JOB: 6165 – Tontine Pillow Exchange Study

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3. STANDARD METHODS, GLOSSARY & LIMITATIONS Airborne – Viable (Bacteria, Mould) Surface Mould – Viable (Bacteria, Mould) Airborne – Non-Viable

Andersen N6 400 hole sampler or SKC Quicktake30 400 hole sampler @ 28.3 litres/min for 2 minutes with 90mm Agar plates (2%MEA, 6%BA); 55mm RODAC surface press plate filled with 2%MEA or 6%BA;

Surface – Non-Viable Material Samples Moisture Measurements Incubation Conditions

Bio-Pump or Bio-Pump Plus @15 litres/min for 5 minutes with Zefon Air-O-Cell cassette or a Slit Type Volumetric Samper (STVS) at 10litres/min BioTape or samples taken with adhesive tape, stained with lactophenol and observed under microscope; Materials are sampled using a non-viable method or viable method as listed above; Measured using a Protimeter MMS Plus and measurements reflected in %WME; minimum of 96 hrs at 20 ± 2 °C;

Glossary Abbreviation ACC AHU BCC BDL CFU CFU/cm2 CFU/m3 Colony Fungi Genera HEPA Hyphae Mould (mold) Mycotoxin

PPE Sp. Spec. Species Spore Sterile mycelia WME Yeast

Description After cooling coil Air Handling Unit Before Cooling Coil Below Detectable Limits Colony forming unit – any part of a fungus that can start growing when it is on nutrient agar media. Colony forming units per square centimetre Colony forming units per cubic metre A consistent mycelium (mould) or a mass of cells (yeasts) that are of one origin Any microorganisms belonging to the Kingdom Fungi including mould and Yeast sp. Fungi are commonly referred to as mould (mold in the USA), though mould only refers to mycelial growing fungi. Part of the taxonomic description of a group of fungi and the most common form of identification. Well known examples include Penicillium, Aspergillus, Cladosporium. High Efficiency Particulate Filtration that has a 99% efficiency of particles larger than 0.3 microns (0.3 µg) A part of filamentous growing fungi that is able to elongate and find new moisture and nutrients and to transport them over distance. Often described as a root like structure in appearance, but not in function. Common description of visible fungal colonies with mycelial growth form. A secondary metabolite produced by fungi as a normal part of respiration. There are found in gaseous form and inside fungal spores (and conidia). Mycotoxins are a complex mixture of substances which can be either benign or can have serious health effects depending on concentration. Personal protective equipment Several species belonging to that genus. A single fungal species was differentiated but not identified. The specific taxonomic description of a fungus A general term referring to all fungal reproductive structures including the spores from sexual reproduction and conidia from asexual reproduction and resting sclerota. A fungal colony containing fungi growing in a vegetative state. Wood Moisture Equivalent. A measurement of the amount of moisture in a building material as an equivalent of the amount of moisture known to be contained in wood. Fungi that produce distinct cells and that reproduce by budding or dividing cells

Limitations The measurements made in this study are best practice and have a high degree of scientific rigour. However it is important to note that there are always limitations that need to be taken into consideration when interpreting the results of biological samples.

JOB: 6165 – Tontine Pillow Exchange Study

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4. SUMMARY Table 1 Summary of Results - CFU/pillow and dust concentrations Kid’s Pillows

Adult Pillows <2yrs

2<5yrs

Total (adult) CFU/pillow

>5yrs

CFU/pillow

Dust(g)

CFU/pillow

Dust(g)

CFU/pillow

Dust(g)

CFU/pillow

Dust(g)

NSW

0.083

164

0.033

110

0.024

131

0.070

135

QLD

219

0.120

373

0.167

419

0.166

889

0.449

560

(adult) dust CFU/pillow

Dust (g)

0.043

123

0.051

0.270

198

0.240

VIC

251

0.119

170

0.171

255

0.171

136

0.230

187

0.184

199

0.171

TAS

0.146

182

0.130

168

0.119

205

0.110

185

0.126

167

0.130

1516

0.256

1217

0.246

377

0.259

264

0.349

619

0.286

791

0.280

144

0.201

226

0.116

279

0.206

144

0.253

216

0.195

201

0.195

515

0.120

300

0.245

885

0.221

1187

0.449

791

0.277

744

0.245

403

0.149

376

0.158

356

0.167

422

0.273

385

0.197

346

0.187

All Pillows 1600

0.500 0.450

1400

0.400 1200 0.300

800

0.250

Dust (g)

CFU/pillow

0.350 1000

0.200

600

0.150 400 0.100 200

0.050

0.000 NSW

QLD

VIC

TAS

State

Figure 1 State-wise comparison of dust and fungal concentrations A statistically significant difference was found in the Total Fungal Count per pillow versus State of origin (P<0.001). In particular NT, Queensland & WA had higher counts than all other states. NT and WA also had higher counts than Queensland. No statistically significant difference in Total Fungal Count per pillow was found  whether the pillow User was an adult or a child;  with the pillow age;  whether the pillow was taken along with the user when Travelling; or  Whether the pillow was Washed or not. The WA, NT and QLD sample groups also had a higher average dust extracted compared to the NSW, VIC, SA and TAS sample groups.

JOB: 6165 – Tontine Pillow Exchange Study

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IAQ, SBS & MOULD INVESTIGATIONS

Kids Pillows 1600

0.500 0.450

1400

0.400 1200 0.300

800

0.250

Dust (g)

CFU/pillow

0.350 1000

0.200

600

0.150 400 0.100 200

0.050

0.000 NSW

QLD

VIC

TAS

State

Figure 2 State-wise comparison of dust and fungal concentrations from Kid’s Pillows

Adult Pillows 1600

0.500 0.450

1400

0.400 1200 0.300

800

0.250

Dust (g)

CFU/pillow

0.350 1000

0.200

600

0.150 400 0.100 200

0.050

0.000 NSW

QLD

VIC

TAS

State

Figure 3 State-wise comparison of dust and fungal concentrations from Adult Pillows Kids’ pillows from WA had the highest total CFU/pillow count followed by NT. Kids pillows 2 states had a much higher average total CFU/pillow compared to the rest of the states. The average dust extracted from kids’ pillows was greatest in the WA sample group followed by SA and NT sample groups. TAS, NSW, QLD and VIC sample groups had much a much lower average. Adults’ pillows from NT, WA and QLD had a much higher total CFU/pillow count compared to the rest of the sample groups. The average dust extracted from the adults’ pillows showed a very similar trend to the total CFU/pillow; NT, WA and QLD had a much higher average dust extracted compared to the rest of the sample groups. No significant difference between the total CFU/pillow was found between adults or kids pillows. However, adult pillows had a higher average dust extracted compared to kids pillows.

JOB: 6165 – Tontine Pillow Exchange Study

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IAQ, SBS & MOULD INVESTIGATIONS

Adult Pillows (<2yrs) 1600

0.500 0.450

1400

0.400 1200 0.300

800

0.250

Dust (g)

CFU/pillow

0.350 1000

0.200

600

0.150 400 0.100 200

0.050

0.000 NSW

QLD

VIC

TAS

State

Figure 4 State-wise comparison of dust and fungal concentrations from Adult Pillows (<2yrs only)

Adult Pillows (2<5yrs) 1600

0.500 0.450

1400

0.400 1200 0.300

800

0.250

Dust (g)

CFU/pillow

0.350 1000

0.200

600

0.150 400 0.100 200

0.050

0.000 NSW

QLD

VIC

TAS

State

Figure 5 State-wise comparison of dust and fungal concentrations from Adult Pillows (2<5yrs only)

Adult Pillows (>5yrs) 1600

0.500 0.450

1400

0.400 1200 0.300

800

0.250

Dust (g)

CFU/pillow

0.350 1000

0.200

600

0.150 400 0.100 200

0.050

0.000 NSW

QLD

VIC

TAS

State

Figure 6 State-wise comparison of dust and fungal concentrations from Adult Pillows (>5yrs only) JOB: 6165 – Tontine Pillow Exchange Study

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IAQ, SBS & MOULD INVESTIGATIONS

Statistical analysis shows that no significant differences were found between total CFU/pillow of the 3 sample groups (i.e.: adult pillows <2yrs, adult pillows 2<5yrs and adult pillows >5yrs). However the average dust extracted from each of the sample group was seen to increase with age of the pillow.

JOB: 6165 – Tontine Pillow Exchange Study

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IAQ, SBS & MOULD INVESTIGATIONS

Cladosporium sp.

Curvalaria sp.

Epicoccum sp.

Fusarium

Geotrichum sp.

Nigrospora

Monilia sp.

Paeliomycetes

Phoma sp.

Penicillium sp.

Sterile mycelia

Trichoderma sp.

Wallemia sp.

Yeast

Zygomycetes

Total

Chaetomium sp.

Aureobasidium sp.

A.niger

TAS

A. fumigatus

QLD

Aspergillus sp.

VIC

Ascomycetes

NSW

Adult (<2yrs) Adult (2<5yrs) Adult (>5yrs) Adult total Kids Adult (<2yrs) Adult (2<5yrs) Adult (>5yrs) Adult total Kids Adult (<2yrs) Adult (2<5yrs) Adult (>5yrs) Adult total Kids Adult (<2yrs) Adult (2<5yrs) Adult (>5yrs) Adult total Kids Adult (<2yrs) Adult (2<5yrs) Adult (>5yrs) Adult total Kids Adult (<2yrs) Adult (2<5yrs) Adult (>5yrs) Adult total Kids Adult (<2yrs) Adult (2<5yrs) Adult (>5yrs) Adult total Kids

Acremonium sp.

State

Alternaria sp.

Table 2 Summary of distribution of fungal genera

1.31 1.15 1.29 1.25 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.93 0.31 3.70 0.00 0.31 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.62 1.00 1.79 1.13 3.52 0.00 0.00 1.17 14.96 0.15 0.00 1.74 0.63 1.00 -

0.00 0.08 0.29 0.12 0.31 0.15 0.29 0.25 -

0.00 0.62 1.00 0.54 0.60 0.08 0.15 0.07 0.10 -

0.15 1.08 0.14 0.46 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.07 0.20 0.85 0.38 0.07 0.43 0.10 26.71

0.00 0.08 0.00 0.03 0.46 0.38 0.00 0.28 -

1.31 0.69 1.21 1.07 0.90 2.46 0.38 0.93 1.26 0.50 0.00 1.05 0.14 0.40 0.20 0.69 1.38 1.79 1.29 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.62 0.23 0.64 0.50 0.40 0.15 3.61 1.09 1.62 0.30

0.38 0.46 0.00 0.28 0.20 0.10 16.57 40.54 183.16 80.09 26.18 0.69 0.15 0.21 0.35 11.93 0.00 2.83 4.92 4.12 23.34 0.00 0.07 7.80 -

0.90 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.08 -

36.69 29.77 18.00 28.15 19.50 6.31 43.23 11.64 20.39 15.00 2.38 7.33 1.57 3.76 15.01 11.62 9.69 23.93 15.08 6.60 206.14 20.94 13.70 80.26 85.88 13.77 10.54 12.48 12.26 17.40 2.30 45.03 100.76 49.36 2.80

0.69 0.69 0.79 0.72 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.36 0.12 0.30 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.03 0.08 0.46 0.71 0.42 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.03 -

10.08 3.62 3.29 5.66 4.50 1.38 2.15 3.36 2.30 2.70 7.92 4.61 46.44 19.65 30.89 2.69 1.92 4.64 3.09 0.80 12.12 3.77 2.56 6.15 24.08 2.85 3.62 2.35 2.94 4.40 3.60 14.62 5.60 7.94 6.10

5.31 3.15 2.43 3.63 2.10 0.31 2.00 1.07 1.13 0.60 2.77 2.08 2.36 2.40 0.10 2.84 0.00 0.00 0.95 4.47 0.54 0.00 0.61 0.38 1.60 -

0.00 0.54 0.07 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.14 0.05 -

0.00 0.38 0.00 0.13 -

0.10 2.54 0.46 1.64 1.55 0.60 9.50 7.60 9.58 8.90 4.20 0.00 0.00 0.36 0.12 5.30 3.44 10.78 3.28 5.84 3.69 6.00 6.92 6.12 6.35 5.00 6.86 7.61 7.86 7.45 4.35

0.00 0.08 0.00 0.03 -

0.00 1.08 1.50 0.86 0.30 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.02 0.50 1.00 0.15 0.29 0.48 -

15.08 16.46 12.43 14.66 10.10 7.08 17.15 16.50 13.58 14.90 0.62 0.29 2.58 1.16 0.20 14.54 13.38 15.64 14.52 1.80 1.19 0.83 1.57 1.20 2.13 3.00 3.23 9.12 5.12 5.20 0.23 1.54 227.31 76.36 0.30

1.77 1.31 1.36 1.48 1.50 0.31 1.31 0.21 0.61 0.80 1.23 1.31 1.43 1.32 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.15 0.00 1.50 0.55 0.00 0.00 0.89 0.30 -

0.00 0.62 0.21 0.28 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.14 0.05 0.10 1.08 0.92 0.71 0.90 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.03 -

0.00 0.15 0.00 0.05 -

91.15 48.77 86.93 75.62 34.40 148.23 187.46 96.21 143.97 208.50 331.27 352.79 608.12 430.73 139.63 142.38 127.85 149.07 139.77 80.90 969.40 335.66 218.47 507.84 1372.71 197.08 252.15 106.78 185.34 107.10 254.41 810.42 838.39 634.41 471.59

0.08 0.38 0.36 0.27 1.31 0.92 2.43 1.55 2.20 4.52 4.21 37.05 15.26 2.90 1.31 1.54 1.29 1.38 0.50 5.87 4.59 21.82 10.76 3.48 1.69 2.38 2.86 2.31 2.20 8.85 2.45 5.31 5.53 2.70

164.00 110.08 131.21 135.10 77.20 169.92 255.08 135.71 186.90 250.70 372.79 418.81 888.64 560.08 219.21 182.38 164.00 204.71 183.70 96.10 1216.63 376.59 264.22 619.15 1515.52 226.00 279.08 144.34 216.47 144.30 299.97 885.29 1187.28 790.85 514.85

JOB: 6165 – Tontine Pillow Exchange Study

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Fungal Species differences A statistically significant difference was found in the numbers of the following fungal species detected on the pillows between the different states of origin:  Acremonium sp. (P<0.05): Tasmania higher than NSW. Other state did not record a result.  Ascomycetes (P<0.001): NSW higher than all other states.  Aspergillus sp. (P<0.05): NT higher than all other states.  A. fumigatus (P<0.001): Tasmania higher than all other states.  A.niger (P<0.05): NSW, NT, Tasmania & Victoria all higher than Queensland, SA & WA.  Aureobas sp. (P<0.001): Queensland higher than all other states.  Cladosporium sp. (P<0.05): WA higher than all other states.  Curvalaria sp. (P<0.001): NSW higher than all other states. Tasmania higher than all other states except NSW.  Epicoccum sp. (P<0.001): Queensland higher than all other states. NT & WA higher than SA, Tasmania & Victoria.  Fusarium (P<0.001): NSW higher than all other states. No diff between other states.  Geotrichum sp. (P<0.05): Tasmania higher than SA. No other states registered result.  Monilia sp. (P<0.001): Queensland highest. NT, Queensland, SA & WA higher than NSW, Tasmania & Victoria.  Phoma sp. (P<0.001): NSW higher than all other states; Tasmania higher than all other states except NSW.  Sterile mycelia (P<0.001): NSW higher than all other states; Tasmania higher than all other except NSW; SA and Victoria higher than WA & Queensland.  Trichoderma sp. (P<0.001): Tasmania & NSW higher than all other states. Tasmania higher than NSW.  Yeast (P<0.001): NT, Queensland & WA all higher than other states. NT & WA also higher than Queensland.  Zygomycetes (P<0.001): Queensland & WA higher than all other sates No statistically significant difference was found in the following fungal species on the pillows between the states of origin:  Wallemia sp.,  Penicillium sp.,  Paeliomycetes,  Nigrospora,  Chaetomium sp., or  Alternaria sp.

JOB: 6165 – Tontine Pillow Exchange Study

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Head Office: 31 Collingwood Street OSBORNE PARK WA 6017 Ph: (08) 9202 0200 www.mould.com.au

5. RESULTS: DUST EXTRACTION FUNGAL CONCENTRATIONS – SAMPLE GROUP NSW Surface sampling may be used to confirm the nature of suspected microbial growth on environmental surfaces, measure the relative degree of biological contamination, and identify types of microorganisms and other biological agents present (Macher, J., Ammann, H.A., Milton, D.K. et al. Bioaerosols: Assessment and Control. ACGIH 1999).

Results – Sample Group NSW The results in Table 3 show that the pillows tested from NSW had an average of 123 CFU/pillow. Table 3 Dust Extraction Fungal and Dust Concentrations – sample group NSW Sample# NSW 1 NSW 2 NSW 3 NSW 4 NSW 5 NSW 6 NSW 7 NSW 8 NSW 9 NSW 10 NSW 11 NSW 12 NSW 13 NSW 14 NSW 15 NSW 16 NSW 17 NSW 18 NSW 19 NSW 20 NSW 21 NSW 22 NSW 23 NSW 24 NSW 25 NSW 26 NSW 27 NSW 28 NSW 29 NSW 30 NSW 31 NSW 32 NSW 33 NSW 34 NSW 35 NSW 36 NSW 37 NSW 38 NSW 39 NSW 40 NSW 41 NSW 42 NSW 43

Total dust extracted (g) 0.061 0.014 0.027 0.029 0.031 0.044 0.037 0.042 0.023 0.039 0.058 0.015 0.015 0.031 0.035 0.059 0.031 0.015 0.014 0.014 0.021 0.017 0.028 0.023 0.012 0.012 0.394 0.061 0.031 0.040 0.021 0.145 0.071 0.034 0.031 0.030 0.031 0.007 0.053 0.035 0.034 0.029 0.024

Total CFU/pillow 187 82 118 176 174 260 171 154 148 100 324 141 97 114 88 164 58 62 67 51 142 122 179 172 96 116 260 117 45 130 101 138 133 216 145 178 118 61 110 85 79 63 55

User Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Child Child Child

JOB: 6165 – Tontine Pillow Exchange Study

Pillow Age (yrs) ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 1 6 2

Travel (yes/no) No No No No No No No No No No Yes No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No Yes No No Yes No No Yes Yes No No No No No Yes No

Wash or clean (yes/no) Yes Yes Yes No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No No Yes Yes No No Yes No No Yes No No No No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Page 12 of 58

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NSW 44 NSW 45 NSW 46 NSW 47 NSW 48 NSW 49 NSW 50 AVERAGE

IAQ, SBS & MOULD INVESTIGATIONS

0.018 0.024 0.126 0.189 0.289 0.066 0.035 0.051

78 51 100 58 178 60 50 123

Child Child Child Child Child Child Child

3 1 2 3 2 10 10

No No No No No No No

No No No Yes Yes No No

* RATING

BDL

BDL to Very Low

Very Low

Very Low to Low

Low

Low to Moderate

Moderate

High

Very High

Extremely High

Uncount-able

CFU/Plate

<12

<18

<24

<30

<59

<149

<297

<594

>594

Sample Group - NSW 350

0.450 Total CFU/pillow Dust Extracted (g)

0.400

300 0.350 250

200

0.250

0.200

150

0.150 100 0.100 50 0.050

NSW 50

NSW 49

NSW 48

NSW 47

NSW 46

NSW 45

NSW 44

NSW 43

NSW 42

NSW 41

NSW 40

NSW 39

NSW 38

NSW 37

NSW 36

NSW 35

NSW 34

NSW 33

NSW 32

NSW 31

NSW 30

NSW 29

NSW 28

NSW 27

NSW 26

NSW 25

NSW 24

NSW 23

NSW 22

NSW 21

NSW 20

NSW 19

NSW 18

NSW 17

NSW 16

NSW 15

NSW 14

NSW 13

NSW 12

NSW 11

NSW 9

NSW 10

NSW 8

NSW 7

NSW 6

NSW 5

NSW 4

NSW 3

NSW 2

0.000

NSW 1

SAmple#

Figure 7 Dust Extraction: Fungal and Dust Concentration – sample group NSW

JOB: 6165 – Tontine Pillow Exchange Study

Page 13 of 58

Dust (g)

CFU/pillow

0.300

MYCOLOGIA PTY LTD

IAQ, SBS & MOULD INVESTIGATIONS

6. RESULTS: DUST EXTRACTION FUNGAL CONCENTRATIONS – SAMPLE GROUP VIC Surface sampling may be used to confirm the nature of suspected microbial growth on environmental surfaces, measure the relative degree of biological contamination, and identify types of microorganisms and other biological agents present (Macher, J., Ammann, H.A., Milton, D.K. et al. Bioaerosols: Assessment and Control. ACGIH 1999).

Results – Sample Group VIC The results in Table 4 show that the pillows tested from VIC had an average of 199 CFU/pillow. Table 4 Dust Extraction Fungal and Dust Concentrations – sample group VIC Sample# VIC 1 VIC 2 VIC 3 VIC 4 VIC 5 VIC 6 VIC 7 VIC 8 VIC 9 VIC 10 VIC 11 VIC 12 VIC 13 VIC 14 VIC 15 VIC 16 VIC 17 VIC 18 VIC 19 VIC 20 VIC 21 VIC 22 VIC 23 VIC 24 VIC 25 VIC 26 VIC 27 VIC 28 VIC 29 VIC 30 VIC 31 VIC 32 VIC 33 VIC 34 VIC 35 VIC 36 VIC 37 VIC 38 VIC 39 VIC 40 VIC 41 VIC 42 VIC 43 VIC 44

Total dust extracted (g) 0.177 0.385 0.205 0.063 0.074 0.119 0.116 0.067 0.152 0.130 0.100 0.150 0.242 0.209 0.057 0.171 0.096 0.171 0.098 0.127 0.362 0.060 0.101 0.050 0.241 0.391 0.265 0.286 0.208 0.076 0.457 0.365 0.106 0.123 0.058 0.210 0.356 0.384 0.189 0.174 0.222 0.053 0.119 0.059

Total CFU/pillow 113 143 64 67 97 51 73 60 200 162 218 172 789 625 243 200 175 125 188 164 184 166 194 210 354 488 169 246 158 150 73 248 35 63 90 179 66 88 241 94 502 271 376 137

User

Pillow Age

Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Child Child Child Child

≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 6 2 4 4

JOB: 6165 – Tontine Pillow Exchange Study

Travel (yes/no) No Yes No No No Yes No No No Yes No No No Yes No No No No No No No Yes No No No No Yes No No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No Yes No No Yes No

Wash (yes/no) No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes No Yes No No Yes No No Yes No No No No Yes No No No No No No No No No Yes No Yes No Yes No No No No No No Yes

Page 14 of 58

MYCOLOGIA PTY LTD

VIC 45 VIC 46 VIC 47 VIC 48 VIC 49 VIC 50 AVERAGE

IAQ, SBS & MOULD INVESTIGATIONS

0.089 0.077 0.044 0.222 0.161 0.148 0.171

226 121 230 297 117 230 199

Child Child Child Child Child Child

1 7 4 6 3 4

No No No Yes No No

No Yes No No Yes No

* RATING

BDL

BDL to Very Low

Very Low

Very Low to Low

Low

Low to Moderate

Moderate

High

Very High

Extremely High

Uncount-able

CFU/Plate

<12

<18

<24

<30

<59

<149

<297

<594

>594

Sample Group - VIC

900

0.500 Total CFU/pillow Dust extracted

0.450

800

0.400 700

0.350 600

0.250

Dust (g)

CFU/pillow

0.300 500

400 0.200 300 0.150

200 0.100

VIC 50

VIC 49

VIC 48

VIC 47

VIC 46

VIC 45

VIC 44

VIC 43

VIC 42

VIC 41

VIC 40

VIC 39

VIC 38

VIC 37

VIC 36

VIC 35

VIC 34

VIC 33

VIC 32

VIC 31

VIC 30

VIC 29

VIC 28

VIC 27

VIC 26

VIC 25

VIC 24

VIC 23

VIC 22

VIC 21

VIC 20

VIC 19

VIC 18

VIC 17

VIC 16

VIC 15

VIC 14

VIC 13

VIC 12

VIC 11

VIC 9

VIC 10

VIC 8

VIC 7

VIC 6

VIC 5

VIC 4

0.000 VIC 3

0 VIC 2

0.050

VIC 1

100

Sample#

Figure 8 Dust Extraction: Fungal and Dust Concentration – sample group VIC

JOB: 6165 – Tontine Pillow Exchange Study

Page 15 of 58

MYCOLOGIA PTY LTD

IAQ, SBS & MOULD INVESTIGATIONS

7. RESULTS: DUST EXTRACTION FUNGAL CONCENTRATIONS – SAMPLE GROUP QLD Surface sampling may be used to confirm the nature of suspected microbial growth on environmental surfaces, measure the relative degree of biological contamination, and identify types of microorganisms and other biological agents present (Macher, J., Ammann, H.A., Milton, D.K. et al. Bioaerosols: Assessment and Control. ACGIH 1999).

Results – Sample Group QLD The results in Table 5 show that the pillows tested from QLD had an average of 498 CFU/pillow. Table 5 Dust Extraction Fungal and Dust Concentrations – sample group QLD Pillow no. QLD 1 QLD 2 QLD 3 QLD 4 QLD 5 QLD 6 QLD 7 QLD 8 QLD 9 QLD 10 QLD 11 QLD 12 QLD 13 QLD 14 QLD 15 QLD 16 QLD 17 QLD 18 QLD 19 QLD 20 QLD 21 QLD 22 QLD 23 QLD 24 QLD 25 QLD 26 QLD 27 QLD 28 QLD 29 QLD 30 QLD 31 QLD 32 QLD 33 QLD 34 QLD 35 QLD 36 QLD 37 QLD 38 QLD 39 QLD 40 QLD 41 QLD 42 QLD 43 QLD 44 QLD 45

Total dust extracted (g) 0.353 0.067 0.432 0.118 0.065 0.476 0.129 0.148 0.092 0.074 0.131 0.039 0.053 0.359 0.318 0.264 0.145 0.127 0.304 0.063 0.176 0.138 0.063 0.175 0.076 0.140 1.598 0.244 0.076 0.550 0.456 0.342 0.058 0.419 0.108 1.052 0.450 0.379 0.457 0.092 0.205 0.057 0.210 0.330 0.112

Total CFU/pillow 322 296 1005 682 645 1101 108 166 34 134 55 243 54 675 430 2826 211 194 158 94 172 92 161 94 192 145 931 561 253 815 2732 1849 443 1452 280 921 835 532 552 284 275 209 225 235 114

JOB: 6165 – Tontine Pillow Exchange Study

Pillow Age (yrs) ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 0.2 3 3.5 3 3

Travel (yes/no) No No No Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No No No Yes No Yes No No No Yes No No Yes No Yes No No Yes No Yes No No No No No No No No No No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes

Wash (yes/no) Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes No No Yes No Yes No No Yes No No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes

Page 16 of 58

MYCOLOGIA PTY LTD

QLD 46 QLD 47 QLD 48 QLD 49 QLD 50 Average

IAQ, SBS & MOULD INVESTIGATIONS

0.091 0.034 0.037 0.045 0.083 0.240

118 288 216 372 140 498

Child Child Child Child Child

2 5 5 2 2

No Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes No Yes No

* RATING

BDL

BDL to Very Low

Very Low

Very Low to Low

Low

Low to Moderate

Moderate

High

Very High

Extremely High

Uncount-able

CFU/Plate

<12

<18

<24

<30

<59

<149

<297

<594

>594

Sample Group - QLD 3000

1.800 Total CFU/pillow Extracted Dust (g) 1.600

2500 1.400

1.200

1.000

Dust (g)

CFU/pillow

2000

1500 0.800

1000

0.600

0.400 500 0.200

QLD 50

QLD 49

QLD 48

QLD 47

QLD 46

QLD 45

QLD 44

QLD 43

QLD 42

QLD 41

QLD 40

QLD 39

QLD 38

QLD 37

QLD 36

QLD 35

QLD 34

QLD 33

QLD 32

QLD 31

QLD 30

QLD 29

QLD 28

QLD 27

QLD 26

QLD 25

QLD 24

QLD 23

QLD 22

QLD 21

QLD 20

QLD 19

QLD 18

QLD 17

QLD 16

QLD 15

QLD 14

QLD 13

QLD 12

QLD 11

QLD 9

QLD 10

QLD 8

QLD 7

QLD 6

QLD 5

QLD 4

QLD 3

QLD 2

0.000

QLD 1

Sample#

Figure 9 Dust Extraction: Fungal and Dust Concentration – sample group QLD

JOB: 6165 – Tontine Pillow Exchange Study

Page 17 of 58

MYCOLOGIA PTY LTD

IAQ, SBS & MOULD INVESTIGATIONS

8. RESULTS: DUST EXTRACTION FUNGAL CONCENTRATIONS – SAMPLE GROUP TAS Surface sampling may be used to confirm the nature of suspected microbial growth on environmental surfaces, measure the relative degree of biological contamination, and identify types of microorganisms and other biological agents present (Macher, J., Ammann, H.A., Milton, D.K. et al. Bioaerosols: Assessment and Control. ACGIH 1999).

Results – Sample Group TAS The results in Table 6 show that the pillows tested from TAS had an average of 167 CFU/pillow. Table 6 Dust Extraction Fungal and Dust Concentrations – sample group TAS Sample# TAS 1 TAS 2 TAS 3 TAS 4 TAS 5 TAS 6 TAS 7 TAS 8 TAS 9 TAS 10 TAS 11 TAS 12 TAS 13 TAS 14 TAS 15 TAS 16 TAS 17 TAS 18 TAS 19 TAS 20 TAS 21 TAS 22 TAS 23 TAS 24 TAS 25 TAS 26 TAS 27 TAS 28 TAS 29 TAS 30 TAS 31 TAS 32 TAS 33 TAS 34 TAS 35 TAS 36 TAS 37 TAS 38 TAS 39 TAS 40 TAS 41 TAS 42 TAS 43 TAS 44

Total dust extracted (g) 0.077 0.048 0.058 0.043 0.253 0.052 0.050 0.870 0.163 0.063 0.041 0.202 0.031 0.077 0.371 0.064 0.039 0.050 0.087 0.128 0.062 0.171 0.069 0.182 0.119 0.158 0.085 0.168 0.078 0.039 0.030 0.057 0.120 0.050 0.070 0.054 0.140 0.313 0.139 0.178 0.239 0.321 0.090 0.082

Total CFU/pillow 160 79 118 100 155 192 53 754 305 111 38 217 89 138 100 86 122 121 199 215 173 267 158 188 142 223 226 292 307 194 172 426 162 266 164 92 166 140 133 126 426 119 48 90

User

Pillow Age

≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 3 10 2 5

JOB: 6165 – Tontine Pillow Exchange Study

Travel (yes/no) No No No No Yes No No No Yes No No No No No No No No No No Yes No No No No No No No No No No Yes No No No No Yes No Yes No No No Yes Yes No

Wash (yes/no) No No No Yes Yes No No No No Yes No Yes No No Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No No No No No No No No No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes No

Page 18 of 58

MYCOLOGIA PTY LTD

TAS 45 TAS 46 TAS 47 TAS 48 TAS 49 TAS 50 Average

IAQ, SBS & MOULD INVESTIGATIONS

0.101 0.077 0.112 0.210 0.130 0.098 0.130

84 61 37 24 34 38 167

Child Child Child Child Child Child

2 5 5 4 2 4

No No No Yes Yes No

* RATING

BDL

BDL to Very Low

Very Low

Very Low to Low

Low

Low to Moderate

Moderate

High

Very High

Extremely High

Uncount-able

CFU/Plate

<12

<18

<24

<30

<59

<149

<297

<594

>594

Sample Group - TAS 800

1.000 Total CFU/pillow Dust Extracted 0.900

700

0.800 600 0.700

500

0.500

400

0.400 300

0.300 200 0.200

100 0.100

TAS 50

TAS 49

TAS 48

TAS 47

TAS 46

TAS 45

TAS 44

TAS 43

TAS 42

TAS 41

TAS 40

TAS 39

TAS 38

TAS 37

TAS 36

TAS 35

TAS 34

TAS 33

TAS 32

TAS 31

TAS 30

TAS 29

TAS 28

TAS 27

TAS 26

TAS 25

TAS 24

TAS 23

TAS 22

TAS 21

TAS 20

TAS 19

TAS 18

TAS 17

TAS 16

TAS 15

TAS 14

TAS 13

TAS 12

TAS 11

TAS 9

TAS 10

TAS 8

TAS 7

TAS 6

TAS 5

TAS 4

TAS 3

TAS 2

0.000

TAS 1

SAmple#

Figure 10 Dust Extraction: Fungal and Dust Concentration – sample group TAS

JOB: 6165 – Tontine Pillow Exchange Study

Page 19 of 58

Dust (g)

CFU/pillow

0.600

MYCOLOGIA PTY LTD

IAQ, SBS & MOULD INVESTIGATIONS

9. RESULTS: DUST EXTRACTION FUNGAL CONCENTRATIONS – SAMPLE GROUP WA Surface sampling may be used to confirm the nature of suspected microbial growth on environmental surfaces, measure the relative degree of biological contamination, and identify types of microorganisms and other biological agents present (Macher, J., Ammann, H.A., Milton, D.K. et al. Bioaerosols: Assessment and Control. ACGIH 1999).

Results – Sample Group WA The results in Table 7 show that the pillows tested from WA had an average of 791 CFU/pillow. Table 7 Dust Extraction Fungal and Dust Concentrations – sample group WA Sample# WA 1 WA 2 WA 3 WA 4 WA 5 WA 6 WA 7 WA 8 WA 9 WA 10 WA 11 WA 12 WA 13 WA 14 WA 15 WA 16 WA 17 WA 18 WA 19 WA 20 WA 21 WA 22 WA 23 WA 24 WA 25 WA 26 WA 27 WA 28 WA 29 WA 30 WA 31 WA 32 WA 33 WA 34 WA 35 WA 36 WA 37 WA 38 WA 39 WA 40 WA 41 WA 42 WA 43 WA 44 WA 45

Total dust extracted (g) 0.209 0.228 0.355 0.218 0.130 0.161 0.047 0.306 0.347 0.085 0.858 0.127 0.132 0.150 0.324 0.231 0.090 0.636 0.352 0.125 0.257 0.430 0.443 0.105 0.187 0.041 0.250 0.261 0.444 0.233 0.292 0.100 0.558 0.221 0.127 0.102 0.236 0.972 0.369 0.716 0.335 0.180 0.463 0.122 0.652

Total CFU/pillow 917 315 372 320 217 144 247 748 4744 2121 4729 340 603 591 382 434 221 198 409 462 544 277 795 127 240 217 254 171 303 95 133 271 117 171 555 309 294 716 165 146 6231 1182 1046 497 3759

JOB: 6165 – Tontine Pillow Exchange Study

Pillow Age (yrs) ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 4 5 5 2 5

Travel (yes/no) No No No No No No Yes No Yes No No Yes No No No Yes No No No Yes No No No Yes No No Yes No No No No No No No No Yes No No Yes No No Yes No No No

Wash or Clean (yes/no) No Yes No Yes No No Yes No No Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No No No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes

Page 20 of 58

MYCOLOGIA PTY LTD

WA 46 WA 47 WA 48 WA 49 WA 50 Average

IAQ, SBS & MOULD INVESTIGATIONS

0.186 0.319 0.030 0.082 0.187 0.280

342 285 124 406 1282 791

Child Child Child Child Child

2 2 10 2 4

No No Yes No No

No No Yes No Yes

* RATING

BDL

BDL to Very Low

Very Low

Very Low to Low

Low

Low to Moderate

Moderate

High

Very High

Extremely High

Uncount-able

CFU/Plate

<12

<18

<24

<30

<59

<149

<297

<594

>594

Sample Group WA 7000

1.200 Total CFU/pillow Dust Extracted

6000 1.000

5000

4000 0.600 3000

0.400 2000

0.200 1000

WA 50

WA 49

WA 48

WA 47

WA 46

WA 45

WA 44

WA 43

WA 42

WA 41

WA 40

WA 39

WA 38

WA 37

WA 36

WA 35

WA 34

WA 33

WA 32

WA 31

WA 30

WA 29

WA 28

WA 27

WA 26

WA 25

WA 24

WA 23

WA 22

WA 21

WA 20

WA 19

WA 18

WA 17

WA 16

WA 15

WA 14

WA 13

WA 12

WA 11

WA 9

WA 10

WA 8

WA 7

WA 6

WA 5

WA 4

WA 3

WA 2

0.000 WA 1

SAmple#

Figure 11 Dust Extraction: Fungal and Dust Concentration – sample group WA

JOB: 6165 – Tontine Pillow Exchange Study

Page 21 of 58

Dust (g)

CFU/pillow

0.800

MYCOLOGIA PTY LTD

IAQ, SBS & MOULD INVESTIGATIONS

10. RESULTS: DUST EXTRACTION FUNGAL CONCENTRATIONS – SAMPLE GROUP SA Surface sampling may be used to confirm the nature of suspected microbial growth on environmental surfaces, measure the relative degree of biological contamination, and identify types of microorganisms and other biological agents present (Macher, J., Ammann, H.A., Milton, D.K. et al. Bioaerosols: Assessment and Control. ACGIH 1999).

Results – Sample Group SA The results in Table 8 show that the pillows tested from SA had an average of 201 CFU/pillow. Table 8 Dust Extraction Fungal and Dust Concentrations – sample group SA Sample# SA 1 SA 2 SA 3 SA 4 SA 5 SA 6 SA 7 SA 8 SA 9 SA 10 SA 11 SA 12 SA 13 SA 14 SA 15 SA 16 SA 17 SA 18 SA 19 SA 20 SA 21 SA 22 SA 23 SA 24 SA 25 SA 26 SA 27 SA 28 SA 29 SA 30 SA 31 SA 32 SA 33 SA 34 SA 35 SA 36 SA 37 SA 38 SA 39 SA 40 SA 41 SA 42 SA 43 SA 44 SA 45

Total dust extracted (g) 0.131 0.145 0.062 0.044 0.200 0.098 0.084 0.095 0.071 0.286 0.084 0.143 0.061 0.035 0.240 0.117 0.119 0.237 0.317 0.123 0.501 0.056 0.158 0.248 0.385 0.145 0.073 0.830 0.165 0.146 0.237 0.301 0.335 0.089 0.341 0.193 0.069 0.128 0.180 0.457 0.068 0.058 0.219 0.211 0.160

Total CFU/pillow 363 171 220 330 236 227 334 255 85 272 33 200 212 262 324 317 309 241 446 210 349 311 177 199 298 185 202 140 163 83 82 506 273 176 122 65 49 67 37 56 63 116 256 114 98

JOB: 6165 – Tontine Pillow Exchange Study

Pillow Age (yrs) ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 1 1.5 3 5 4

Travel (yes/no) No No Yes No No No No Yes No Yes No No No Yes No No No No No No No No No No No No Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No No No Yes No Yes No Yes

Wash (yes/no) No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes No No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No No

Page 22 of 58

MYCOLOGIA PTY LTD

SA 46 SA 47 SA 48 SA 49 SA 50 Average

IAQ, SBS & MOULD INVESTIGATIONS

0.335 0.593 0.088 0.097 0.178 0.195

251 130 97 197 121 201

Child Child Child Child Child

5 0.5 5 1 5

Yes No No Yes No

Yes Yes No Yes No

* RATING

BDL

BDL to Very Low

Very Low

Very Low to Low

Low

Low to Moderate

Moderate

High

Very High

Extremely High

Uncount-able

CFU/Plate

<12

<18

<24

<30

<59

<149

<297

<594

>594

Sample Group - SA 600

0.900 Total CFU/pillow Dust Extracted (g) 0.800

500 0.700

0.600

0.500 Dust (g)

CFU/pillow

400

300 0.400

200

0.300

0.200 100 0.100

SA 50

SA 49

SA 48

SA 47

SA 46

SA 45

SA 44

SA 43

SA 42

SA 41

SA 40

SA 39

SA 38

SA 37

SA 36

SA 35

SA 34

SA 33

SA 32

SA 31

SA 30

SA 29

SA 28

SA 27

SA 26

SA 25

SA 24

SA 23

SA 22

SA 21

SA 20

SA 19

SA 18

SA 17

SA 16

SA 15

SA 14

SA 13

SA 12

SA 11

SA 9

SA 10

SA 8

SA 7

SA 6

SA 5

SA 4

SA 3

SA 2

0.000 SA 1

Sample#

Figure 12 Dust Extraction: Fungal and Dust Concentration – sample group SA

JOB: 6165 – Tontine Pillow Exchange Study

Page 23 of 58

MYCOLOGIA PTY LTD

IAQ, SBS & MOULD INVESTIGATIONS

11. RESULTS: DUST EXTRACTION FUNGAL CONCENTRATIONS – SAMPLE GROUP NT Surface sampling may be used to confirm the nature of suspected microbial growth on environmental surfaces, measure the relative degree of biological contamination, and identify types of microorganisms and other biological agents present (Macher, J., Ammann, H.A., Milton, D.K. et al. Bioaerosols: Assessment and Control. ACGIH 1999).

Results – Sample Group NT The results in Table 9 show that the pillows tested from NT had an average of 744 CFU/pillow. Table 9 Dust Extraction Fungal and Dust Concentrations – sample group NT Pillow no. NT 1 NT 2 NT 3 NT 4 NT 5 NT 6 NT 7 NT 8 NT 9 NT 10 NT 11 NT 12 NT 13 NT 14 NT 15 NT 16 NT 17 NT 18 NT 19 NT 20 NT 21 NT 22 NT 23 NT 24 NT 25 NT 26 NT 27 NT 28 NT 29 NT 30 NT 31 NT 32 NT 33 NT 34 NT 35 NT 36 NT 37 NT 38 NT 39 NT 40 NT 41 NT 42 NT 43 NT 44 NT 45

Total dust extracted (g) 0.111 0.465 0.133 0.214 0.360 0.037 0.048 0.134 0.086 0.238 0.062 0.200 0.046 0.431 0.144 0.166 0.374 0.095 0.065 0.073 0.262 0.162 0.136 0.304 0.530 0.241 0.110 0.484 0.400 0.243 0.645 0.188 0.055 1.516 0.187 0.049 0.070 0.602 1.152 0.245 0.205 0.057 0.210 0.330 0.112

Total CFU/pillow 230 527 154 329 1088 214 86 188 98 368 94 261 263 1195 244 231 820 486 310 56 1489 616 2263 2029 1501 269 238 709 116 318 536 103 78 4274 110 96 168 1196 4704 3976 238 522 708 552 870

JOB: 6165 – Tontine Pillow Exchange Study

Pillow Age (yrs) ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 2≤5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 ≥5 0.2 3 5 3 3

Travel (yes/no) No No No No No No No No No No No No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No No No Yes No Yes Yes No No No No No No No No No Yes Yes No

Wash (yes/no) Yes Yes No No Yes No No No Yes No No Yes Yes No No No No No No No No Yes No No Yes Yes No No No No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes No Yes No

Page 24 of 58

MYCOLOGIA PTY LTD

NT 46 NT 47 NT 48 NT 49 NT 50 Average

IAQ, SBS & MOULD INVESTIGATIONS

0.091 0.034 0.037 0.045 0.083 0.245

687 468 234 586 284 744

Child Child Child Child Child

2 5 5 2 2

No No No No No

Sample Group - NT 5000

1.600 Total CFU/pillow Dust Extracted (g)

4500

1.400

4000 1.200 3500

1.000

Dust (g)

CFU/pillow

3000

2500

0.800

2000 0.600

1500 0.400 1000

0.200 500

NT 50

NT 49

NT 48

NT 47

NT 46

NT 45

NT 44

NT 43

NT 42

NT 41

NT 40

NT 39

NT 38

NT 37

NT 36

NT 35

NT 34

NT 33

NT 32

NT 31

NT 30

NT 29

NT 28

NT 27

NT 26

NT 25

NT 24

NT 23

NT 22

NT 21

NT 20

NT 19

NT 18

NT 17

NT 16

NT 15

NT 14

NT 13

NT 12

NT 11

NT 9

NT 10

NT 8

NT 7

NT 6

NT 5

NT 4

NT 3

NT 2

0.000 NT 1

Sample#

Figure 13 Dust Extraction: Fungal and Dust Concentration – sample group NT

JOB: 6165 – Tontine Pillow Exchange Study

Page 25 of 58

MYCOLOGIA PTY LTD

IAQ, SBS & MOULD INVESTIGATIONS

12. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS (MINITAB® 16.1.1) Total fungal counts A statistically significant difference was found in the Total Fungal Count per pillow versus State of origin (P<0.001). In particular NT, Queensland & WA had higher counts than all other states. NT and WA also had higher counts than Queensland. No statistically significant difference in Total Fungal Count per pillow was found  whether the pillow User was an adult or a child;  with the pillow age;  whether the pillow was taken along with the user when Travelling; or  Whether the pillow was Washed or not.

JOB: 6165 – Tontine Pillow Exchange Study

Page 26 of 58

MYCOLOGIA PTY LTD

12.1.

IAQ, SBS & MOULD INVESTIGATIONS

ANOVA ANALYSIS

Total Fungal Count per Pillow versus State Statistically significant difference = Yes (P<0.001) NT, Qld & WA higher than all other states. NT and WA also higher than Qld.

Boxplot of Total CFU/pillow 1600 1400

Total CFU/pillow

1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 NSW

Qld

SA state

Tas

Vic

One-way ANOVA: Total CFU/pillow versus state Source state Error Total

DF 6 343 349

S = 672.1

Level NSW NT Qld SA Tas Vic WA

N 50 50 50 50 50 50 50

SS 24564496 154942912 179507408

MS 4094083 451729

R-Sq = 13.68%

Mean 123.4 743.6 498.5 200.6 166.6 198.6 791.3

StDev 60.5 1038.1 602.7 108.9 124.5 146.2 1291.8

F 9.06

P 0.000

R-Sq(adj) = 12.17% Individual 95% CIs For Mean Based on Pooled StDev --+---------+---------+---------+------(-----*-----) (-----*-----) (------*-----) (------*-----) (------*-----) (------*-----) (-----*------) --+---------+---------+---------+------0 300 600 900

Pooled StDev = 672.1

JOB: 6165 – Tontine Pillow Exchange Study

Page 27 of 58

MYCOLOGIA PTY LTD

IAQ, SBS & MOULD INVESTIGATIONS

Total Fungal Count per Pillow versus Pillow User Statistically significant difference = No Boxplot of Total CFU/pillow 700

Total CFU/pillow

600 500 400 300 200 100 0 Adult

Child User

One-way ANOVA: Total CFU/pillow versus User Source User Error Total

DF 1 348 349

S = 718.2

Level Adult Child

N 280 70

SS 16193 179491214 179507408

MS 16193 515779

R-Sq = 0.01%

Mean 385.5 402.6

StDev 677.9 862.0

F 0.03

P 0.859

R-Sq(adj) = 0.00% Individual 95% CIs For Mean Based on Pooled StDev -------+---------+---------+---------+-(--------*-------) (----------------*----------------) -------+---------+---------+---------+-300 400 500 600

Pooled StDev = 718.2

JOB: 6165 – Tontine Pillow Exchange Study

Page 28 of 58

MYCOLOGIA PTY LTD

IAQ, SBS & MOULD INVESTIGATIONS

Total Fungal Count per Pillow versus Pillow Age Statistically significant difference = No Boxplot of Total CFU/pillow 900 800

Total CFU/pillow

700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 =2

2=5

Pillow Age

One-way ANOVA: Total CFU/pillow versus Pillow Age Source Pillow Age Error Total

DF 3 346 349

S = 718.2

R-Sq = 0.57%

Level ≤2 ≤5 ≥5 2≤5

N 122 8 98 122

Mean 337.1 167.1 422.3 428.6

SS 1022767 178484641 179507408

StDev 632.8 156.4 797.8 750.3

MS 340922 515852

F 0.66

P 0.577

R-Sq(adj) = 0.00% Individual 95% CIs For Mean Based on Pooled StDev ---+---------+---------+---------+-----(----*-----) (-------------------*-------------------) (-----*-----) (----*----) ---+---------+---------+---------+------250 0 250 500

Pooled StDev = 718.2

JOB: 6165 – Tontine Pillow Exchange Study

Page 29 of 58

MYCOLOGIA PTY LTD

IAQ, SBS & MOULD INVESTIGATIONS

Total Fungal Count per Pillow versus Travel with Pillow Statistically significant difference = No Boxplot of Total CFU/pillow_1 700

Total CFU/pillow_1

600 500 400 300 200 100 0 No

Yes Travel (yes/no)_1

One-way ANOVA: Total CFU/pillow_1 versus Travel (yes/no)_1 Source Travel (yes/no)_1 Error Total S = 734.5

Level No Yes

N 234 66

DF 1 298 299

SS 232925 160774679 161007605

R-Sq = 0.14%

Mean 355.9 423.2

StDev 743.5 701.3

MS 232925 539512

F 0.43

P 0.512

R-Sq(adj) = 0.00% Individual 95% CIs For Mean Based on Pooled StDev -----+---------+---------+---------+---(---------*--------) (----------------*-----------------) -----+---------+---------+---------+---300 400 500 600

Pooled StDev = 734.5

JOB: 6165 – Tontine Pillow Exchange Study

Page 30 of 58

MYCOLOGIA PTY LTD

IAQ, SBS & MOULD INVESTIGATIONS

Total Fungal Count per Pillow versus Pillow Washing Statistically significant difference = No Boxplot of Total CFU/pillow_1 700

Total CFU/pillow_1

600 500 400 300 200 100 0 No

Yes Wash (yes/no)_1

One-way ANOVA: Total CFU/pillow_1 versus Wash (yes/no)_1 Source Wash (yes/no)_1 Error Total S = 734.9

Level No Yes

N 179 121

DF 1 298 299

SS 78714 160928890 161007605

R-Sq = 0.05%

Mean 357.4 390.4

StDev 622.6 875.3

MS 78714 540030

F 0.15

P 0.703

R-Sq(adj) = 0.00% Individual 95% CIs For Mean Based on Pooled StDev ----+---------+---------+---------+----(--------------*--------------) (------------------*------------------) ----+---------+---------+---------+----280 350 420 490

Pooled StDev = 734.9

JOB: 6165 – Tontine Pillow Exchange Study

Page 31 of 58

MYCOLOGIA PTY LTD

IAQ, SBS & MOULD INVESTIGATIONS

Zygomycetes Statistically significant difference = Yes (P<0.001) Qld & WA higher than all other sates Boxplot of Zygomycetes 25

Zygomycetes

0 NSW

Qld

SA state

Tas

Vic

One-way ANOVA: Zygomycetes versus state Source state Error Total

DF 6 343 349

S = 12.82

Level NSW NT Qld SA Tas Vic WA

N 50 50 50 50 50 50 50

SS 7156 56412 63567

MS 1193 164

F 7.25

R-Sq = 11.26%

Mean 0.22 4.96 13.23 2.30 1.20 1.70 9.53

StDev 0.51 8.28 24.98 2.19 1.41 2.82 21.07

P 0.000

R-Sq(adj) = 9.70%

Individual 95% CIs For Mean Based on Pooled StDev ------+---------+---------+---------+--(-----*-----) (-----*-----) (-----*-----) (-----*-----) (-----*-----) (-----*-----) (-----*-----) ------+---------+---------+---------+--0.0 6.0 12.0 18.0

Pooled StDev = 12.82

JOB: 6165 – Tontine Pillow Exchange Study

Page 32 of 58

MYCOLOGIA PTY LTD

IAQ, SBS & MOULD INVESTIGATIONS

Yeast Statistically significant difference = Yes (P<0.001) NT, Qld & WA all higher than other states. NT & WA also higher than Qld. Boxplot of Yeast 1600 1400 1200

Yeast

1000 800 600 400 200 0 NSW

Qld

SA state

Tas

Vic

One-way ANOVA: Yeast versus state Source state Error Total

DF 6 343 349

S = 562.2

Level NSW NT Qld SA Tas Vic WA

N 50 50 50 50 50 50 50

SS 18042999 108426182 126469181

MS 3007166 316111

R-Sq = 14.27%

Mean 67.6 605.9 376.1 168.1 128.2 155.9 675.0

StDev 40.6 892.1 464.2 105.8 111.1 126.3 1077.2

F 9.51

P 0.000

R-Sq(adj) = 12.77% Individual 95% CIs For Mean Based on Pooled StDev ----+---------+---------+---------+----(------*-----) (-----*-----) (-----*-----) (------*-----) (-----*-----) (-----*-----) (-----*-----) ----+---------+---------+---------+----0 250 500 750

Pooled StDev = 562.2

JOB: 6165 – Tontine Pillow Exchange Study

Page 33 of 58

MYCOLOGIA PTY LTD

IAQ, SBS & MOULD INVESTIGATIONS

Wallemia sp. Statistically significant difference = No Boxplot of Wallemia sp. 0.50

Wallemia sp.

0.25

0.00

-0.25

-0.50 NSW

Qld

SA state

Tas

Vic

One-way ANOVA: Wallemia sp. versus state Source state Error Total

DF 6 343 349

S = 0.1069

Level NSW NT Qld SA Tas Vic WA

N 50 50 50 50 50 50 50

SS 0.0686 3.9200 3.9886

MS 0.0114 0.0114

R-Sq = 1.72%

Mean 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0400 0.0000 0.0000

StDev 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.2828 0.0000 0.0000

F 1.00

P 0.425

R-Sq(adj) = 0.00% Individual 95% CIs For Mean Based on Pooled StDev --+---------+---------+---------+------(-----------*-----------) (-----------*-----------) (-----------*-----------) (-----------*-----------) (-----------*-----------) (-----------*-----------) (-----------*-----------) --+---------+---------+---------+-------0.025 0.000 0.025 0.050

Pooled StDev = 0.1069

JOB: 6165 – Tontine Pillow Exchange Study

Page 34 of 58

MYCOLOGIA PTY LTD

IAQ, SBS & MOULD INVESTIGATIONS

Trichoderma sp. Statistically significant difference = Yes (P<0.001) Tas & NSW higher than all other states. Tas higher than NSW. Boxplot of Trichoderma sp. 2.0

Trichoderma sp.

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0 NSW

Qld

SA state

Tas

Vic

One-way ANOVA: Trichoderma sp. versus state Source state Error Total

DF 6 343 349

S = 0.4738

Level NSW NT Qld SA Tas Vic WA

N 50 50 50 50 50 50 50

SS 21.274 77.000 98.274

MS 3.546 0.224

R-Sq = 21.65%

Mean 0.2400 0.0000 0.0000 0.0200 0.7200 0.0600 0.0000

StDev 0.6565 0.0000 0.0000 0.1414 1.0309 0.2399 0.0000

F 15.79

P 0.000

R-Sq(adj) = 20.28% Individual 95% CIs For Mean Based on Pooled StDev -----+---------+---------+---------+---(-----*----) (----*----) (----*----) (----*----) (----*----) (----*-----) (----*----) -----+---------+---------+---------+---0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75

Pooled StDev = 0.4738

JOB: 6165 – Tontine Pillow Exchange Study

Page 35 of 58

MYCOLOGIA PTY LTD

IAQ, SBS & MOULD INVESTIGATIONS

Sterile mycelia Statistically significant difference = Yes (P<0.001) NSW higher than all other states; Tas higher than all other except NSW; SA and Vic higher than WA & Qld. Boxplot of Sterile mycelia 5

Sterile mycelia

0 NSW

Qld

SA state

Tas

Vic

One-way ANOVA: Sterile mycelia versus state Source state Error Total

DF 6 343 349

S = 1.288

Level NSW NT Qld SA Tas Vic WA

N 50 50 50 50 50 50 50

SS 90.60 568.90 659.50

MS 15.10 1.66

R-Sq = 13.74%

Mean 1.480 0.250 0.000 0.459 1.060 0.640 0.022

StDev 1.657 1.770 0.000 1.637 1.406 1.025 0.155

F 9.10

P 0.000

R-Sq(adj) = 12.23%

Pooled StDev = 1.288

JOB: 6165 – Tontine Pillow Exchange Study

Page 36 of 58

MYCOLOGIA PTY LTD

IAQ, SBS & MOULD INVESTIGATIONS

Penicillium sp. Statistically significant difference = No Boxplot of Penicillium sp. 40

Penicillium sp.

0 NSW

Qld

SA state

Tas

Vic

One-way ANOVA: Penicillium sp. versus state Source state Error Total

DF 6 343 349

S = 169.9

Level NSW NT Qld SA Tas Vic WA

N 50 50 50 50 50 50 50

SS 145039 9906789 10051828

MS 24173 28883

R-Sq = 1.44%

Mean 13.7 64.2 1.0 5.2 12.0 13.9 1.4

StDev 10.5 449.1 3.2 6.2 9.9 14.2 2.8

F 0.84

P 0.542

R-Sq(adj) = 0.00%

Individual 95% CIs For Mean Based on Pooled StDev --+---------+---------+---------+------(----------*-----------) (-----------*-----------) (-----------*-----------) (-----------*-----------) (-----------*-----------) (----------*-----------) (----------*-----------) --+---------+---------+---------+-------40 0 40 80

Pooled StDev = 169.9

JOB: 6165 – Tontine Pillow Exchange Study

Page 37 of 58

MYCOLOGIA PTY LTD

IAQ, SBS & MOULD INVESTIGATIONS

Phoma sp. Statistically significant difference = Yes (P<0.001) NSW higher than all other states; Tas higher than all other states except NSW. Boxplot of Phoma sp. 2.0

Phoma sp.

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0 NSW

Qld

SA state

Tas

Vic

One-way ANOVA: Phoma sp. versus state Source state Error Total

DF 6 343 349

S = 0.8084

Level NSW NT Qld SA Tas Vic WA

N 50 50 50 50 50 50 50

SS 25.480 224.180 249.660

MS 4.247 0.654

R-Sq = 10.21%

Mean 0.7600 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3800 0.1200 0.0000

StDev 1.8905 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.9010 0.4352 0.0000

F 6.50

P 0.000

R-Sq(adj) = 8.64% Individual 95% CIs For Mean Based on Pooled StDev ------+---------+---------+---------+--(------*-----) (-----*-----) (-----*-----) (-----*-----) (------*-----) (-----*------) (-----*-----) ------+---------+---------+---------+--0.00 0.35 0.70 1.05

Pooled StDev = 0.8084

JOB: 6165 – Tontine Pillow Exchange Study

Page 38 of 58

MYCOLOGIA PTY LTD

IAQ, SBS & MOULD INVESTIGATIONS

Paeliomycetes Statistically significant difference = No Boxplot of Paeliomycetes 0.50

Paeliomycetes

0.25

0.00

-0.25

-0.50 NSW

Qld

SA state

Tas

Vic

One-way ANOVA: Paeliomycetes versus state Source state Error Total

DF 6 343 349

S = 0.05345

Level NSW NT Qld SA Tas Vic WA

N 50 50 50 50 50 50 50

SS 0.01714 0.98000 0.99714

MS 0.00286 0.00286

R-Sq = 1.72%

Mean 0.02000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000

StDev 0.14142 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000

F 1.00

P 0.425

R-Sq(adj) = 0.00% Individual 95% CIs For Mean Based on Pooled StDev +---------+---------+---------+--------(---------*---------) (---------*---------) (---------*---------) (---------*---------) (---------*---------) (---------*---------) (---------*---------) +---------+---------+---------+---------0.015 0.000 0.015 0.030

Pooled StDev = 0.05345

JOB: 6165 – Tontine Pillow Exchange Study

Page 39 of 58

MYCOLOGIA PTY LTD

IAQ, SBS & MOULD INVESTIGATIONS

Monilia sp. Statistically significant difference = Yes (P<0.001) Qld highest. NT, Qld, SA & WA higher than NSW, Tas & Vic. Boxplot of Monilia sp. 20

Monilia sp.

0 NSW

Qld

SA state

Tas

Vic

One-way ANOVA: Monilia sp. versus state Source state Error Total

DF 6 343 349

S = 4.322

Level NSW NT Qld SA Tas Vic WA

N 50 50 50 50 50 50 50

SS 3037.0 6408.0 9445.0

MS 506.2 18.7

R-Sq = 32.15%

Mean 0.020 6.836 7.970 6.075 1.160 1.360 5.356

StDev 0.141 5.214 6.511 4.199 2.486 1.925 5.802

F 27.09

P 0.000

R-Sq(adj) = 30.97%

Individual 95% CIs For Mean Based on Pooled StDev ----+---------+---------+---------+----(---*---) (---*---) (---*---) (---*---) (---*---) (---*---) (---*---) ----+---------+---------+---------+----0.0 3.0 6.0 9.0

Pooled StDev = 4.322

JOB: 6165 – Tontine Pillow Exchange Study

Page 40 of 58

MYCOLOGIA PTY LTD

IAQ, SBS & MOULD INVESTIGATIONS

Nigrospora Statistically significant difference = No Boxplot of Nigrospora 0.50

Nigrospora

0.25

0.00

-0.25

-0.50 NSW

Qld

SA state

Tas

Vic

One-way ANOVA: Nigrospora versus state Source state Error Total

DF 6 343 349

S = 0.2673

Level NSW NT Qld SA Tas Vic WA

N 50 50 50 50 50 50 50

SS 0.4286 24.5000 24.9286

MS 0.0714 0.0714

R-Sq = 1.72%

Mean 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.1000 0.0000 0.0000

StDev 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.7071 0.0000 0.0000

F 1.00

P 0.425

R-Sq(adj) = 0.00% Individual 95% CIs For Mean Based on Pooled StDev -+---------+---------+---------+-------(----------*----------) (----------*----------) (----------*----------) (----------*----------) (---------*----------) (----------*----------) (----------*----------) -+---------+---------+---------+--------0.070 0.000 0.070 0.140

Pooled StDev = 0.2673

JOB: 6165 – Tontine Pillow Exchange Study

Page 41 of 58

MYCOLOGIA PTY LTD

IAQ, SBS & MOULD INVESTIGATIONS

Geotrichum sp. Statistically significant difference = Yes (P<0.05) TAs hiogher than SA. No other states registered result. Boxplot of Geotrichum sp, 0.50

Geotrichum sp,

0.25

0.00

-0.25

-0.50 NSW

Qld

SA state

Tas

Vic

One-way ANOVA: Geotrichum sp, versus state Source state Error Total

DF 6 343 349

S = 0.2453

Level NSW NT Qld SA Tas Vic WA

N 50 50 50 50 50 50 50

SS 1.0743 20.6400 21.7143

MS 0.1790 0.0602

R-Sq = 4.95%

Mean 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0400 0.1600 0.0000 0.0000

StDev 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.2828 0.5841 0.0000 0.0000

F 2.98

P 0.008

R-Sq(adj) = 3.28% Individual 95% CIs For Mean Based on Pooled StDev ---------+---------+---------+---------+ (--------*--------) (--------*--------) (--------*--------) (--------*--------) (--------*--------) (--------*--------) (--------*--------) ---------+---------+---------+---------+ 0.000 0.080 0.160 0.240

Pooled StDev = 0.2453

JOB: 6165 – Tontine Pillow Exchange Study

Page 42 of 58

MYCOLOGIA PTY LTD

IAQ, SBS & MOULD INVESTIGATIONS

Fusarium Statistically significant difference = Yes (P<0.001) NSW higher than all other states. No diff between other states. Boxplot of Fusarium 10

Fusarium

0 NSW

Qld

SA state

Tas

Vic

One-way ANOVA: Fusarium versus state Source state Error Total

DF 6 343 349

S = 3.153

Level NSW NT Qld SA Tas Vic WA

N 50 50 50 50 50 50 50

SS 418.92 3409.88 3828.80

MS 69.82 9.94

R-Sq = 10.94%

Mean 3.300 0.000 0.000 0.631 1.940 1.020 1.632

StDev 3.125 0.000 0.000 1.844 2.024 1.767 7.015

F 7.02

P 0.000

R-Sq(adj) = 9.38%

Pooled StDev = 3.153

JOB: 6165 – Tontine Pillow Exchange Study

Page 43 of 58

MYCOLOGIA PTY LTD

IAQ, SBS & MOULD INVESTIGATIONS

Epicoccum sp. Statistically significant difference = Yes (P<0.001) Qld higher than all other states. NT & WA higher than SA, Tas & Vic. Boxplot of Epicoccum sp. 60

Epicoccum sp.

50 40 30 20 10 0 NSW

Qld

SA state

Tas

Vic

One-way ANOVA: Epicoccum sp. versus state Source state Error Total

DF 6 343 349

S = 14.87

Level NSW NT Qld SA Tas Vic WA

N 50 50 50 50 50 50 50

SS 14999 75799 90798

MS 2500 221

F 11.31

R-Sq = 16.52%

Mean 5.38 7.52 22.44 3.22 2.66 2.40 9.67

StDev 5.75 9.56 34.65 3.20 2.53 2.52 14.09

P 0.000

R-Sq(adj) = 15.06%

Individual 95% CIs For Mean Based on Pooled StDev --+---------+---------+---------+------(----*----) (----*-----) (----*----) (----*----) (----*----) (----*----) (----*----) --+---------+---------+---------+------0.0 8.0 16.0 24.0

Pooled StDev = 14.87

JOB: 6165 – Tontine Pillow Exchange Study

Page 44 of 58

MYCOLOGIA PTY LTD

IAQ, SBS & MOULD INVESTIGATIONS

Curvalaria sp. Statistically significant difference = Yes (P<0.001) NSW higher than all other states. Tas higher than all other states except NSW. Boxplot of Curvalaria sp. 2.0

Curvalaria sp.

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0 NSW

Qld

SA state

Tas

Vic

One-way ANOVA: Curvalaria sp. versus state Source state Error Total

DF 6 343 349

S = 0.5318

Level NSW NT Qld SA Tas Vic WA

N 50 50 50 50 50 50 50

SS 23.909 97.020 120.929

MS 3.985 0.283

R-Sq = 19.77%

Mean 0.7600 0.0000 0.0200 0.0200 0.3400 0.1600 0.0000

StDev 1.1350 0.0000 0.1414 0.1414 0.7174 0.3703 0.0000

F 14.09

P 0.000

R-Sq(adj) = 18.37% Individual 95% CIs For Mean Based on Pooled StDev -----+---------+---------+---------+---(----*----) (----*----) (----*----) (----*----) (----*----) (----*----) (----*----) -----+---------+---------+---------+---0.00 0.30 0.60 0.90

Pooled StDev = 0.5318

JOB: 6165 – Tontine Pillow Exchange Study

Page 45 of 58

MYCOLOGIA PTY LTD

IAQ, SBS & MOULD INVESTIGATIONS

Cladosporium sp. Statistically significant difference = Yes (P<0.05) WA higher than all other states. Boxplot of Cladosporium sp. 70 60

Cladosporium sp.

50 40 30 20 10 0 NSW

Qld

SA state

Tas

Vic

One-way ANOVA: Cladosporium sp. versus state Source state Error Total

DF 6 343 349

S = 98.80

Level NSW NT Qld SA Tas Vic WA

N 50 50 50 50 50 50 50

SS 193531 3347880 3541411

MS 32255 9761

R-Sq = 5.46%

Mean 26.22 41.08 5.97 13.29 13.56 19.14 80.05

StDev 19.72 114.15 8.39 10.69 11.68 49.14 228.41

F 3.30

P 0.004

R-Sq(adj) = 3.81% Individual 95% CIs For Mean Based on Pooled StDev ------+---------+---------+---------+--(------*-------) (-------*-------) (-------*-------) (-------*-------) (-------*-------) (------*-------) (-------*-------) ------+---------+---------+---------+--0 35 70 105

Pooled StDev = 98.80

JOB: 6165 – Tontine Pillow Exchange Study

Page 46 of 58

MYCOLOGIA PTY LTD

IAQ, SBS & MOULD INVESTIGATIONS

Chaetomium sp Statistically significant difference = No Boxplot of Chaetomium sp. 0.50

Chaetomium sp.

0.25

0.00

-0.25

-0.50 NSW

Qld

SA state

Tas

Vic

One-way ANOVA: Chaetomium sp. versus state Source state Error Total

DF 6 343 349

S = 0.5071

Level NSW NT Qld SA Tas Vic WA

N 50 50 50 50 50 50 50

SS 1.389 88.200 89.589

MS 0.231 0.257

R-Sq = 1.55%

Mean 0.1800 0.0600 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

StDev 1.2728 0.4243 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

F 0.90

P 0.495

Pooled StDev = 0.5071

JOB: 6165 – Tontine Pillow Exchange Study

Page 47 of 58

MYCOLOGIA PTY LTD

IAQ, SBS & MOULD INVESTIGATIONS

Aureobas sp. Statistically significant difference = Yes (P<0.001) Qld higher than all other states. Boxplot of Aureobas sp. 200

Aureobas sp.

150

100

0 NSW

Qld

SA state

Tas

Vic

One-way ANOVA: Aureobas sp. versus state Source state Error Total

DF 6 343 349

S = 54.44

Level NSW NT Qld SA Tas Vic WA

N 50 50 50 50 50 50 50

SS 208760 1016420 1225181

MS 34793 2963

R-Sq = 17.04%

Mean 0.26 6.09 71.37 0.00 0.28 0.02 4.72

StDev 0.66 17.08 141.27 0.00 0.83 0.14 22.19

F 11.74

P 0.000

R-Sq(adj) = 15.59% Individual 95% CIs For Mean Based on Pooled StDev -----+---------+---------+---------+---(----*----) (----*----) (----*----) (----*----) (----*----) (----*----) (----*----) -----+---------+---------+---------+---0 30 60 90

Pooled StDev = 54.44

JOB: 6165 – Tontine Pillow Exchange Study

Page 48 of 58

MYCOLOGIA PTY LTD

IAQ, SBS & MOULD INVESTIGATIONS

A.niger Statistically significant difference = Yes (P<0.05) NSW, NT, Tas & Vic all higher than Qld, SA & WA. Boxplot of A.niger 5

A.niger

0 NSW

Qld

SA state

Tas

Vic

One-way ANOVA: A.niger versus state Source state Error Total

DF 6 343 349

S = 1.821

Level NSW NT Qld SA Tas Vic WA

N 50 50 50 50 50 50 50

SS 69.46 1137.75 1207.21

MS 11.58 3.32

R-Sq = 5.75%

Mean 1.040 1.342 0.354 0.480 1.040 1.100 0.028

StDev 1.428 3.149 1.479 0.839 1.340 2.558 0.198

F 3.49

P 0.002

R-Sq(adj) = 4.11% Individual 95% CIs For Mean Based on Pooled StDev --------+---------+---------+---------+(-------*--------) (-------*--------) (--------*-------) (-------*-------) (-------*--------) (-------*--------) (-------*--------) --------+---------+---------+---------+0.00 0.60 1.20 1.80

Pooled StDev = 1.821

JOB: 6165 – Tontine Pillow Exchange Study

Page 49 of 58

MYCOLOGIA PTY LTD

IAQ, SBS & MOULD INVESTIGATIONS

A. fumigatus Statistically significant difference = Yes (P<0.001) Tas higher than all other states. Boxplot of A. fumigatus 0.50

A. fumigatus

0.25

0.00

-0.25

-0.50 NSW

Qld

SA state

Tas

Vic

One-way ANOVA: A. fumigatus versus state Source state Error Total

DF 6 343 349

S = 0.2130

Level NSW NT Qld SA Tas Vic WA

N 50 50 50 50 50 50 50

SS 2.0286 15.5600 17.5886

MS 0.3381 0.0454

R-Sq = 11.53%

Mean 0.0200 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.2200 0.0000 0.0000

StDev 0.1414 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.5455 0.0000 0.0000

F 7.45

P 0.000

R-Sq(adj) = 9.99% Individual 95% CIs For Mean Based on Pooled StDev ------+---------+---------+---------+--(-----*-----) (-----*-----) (-----*-----) (-----*-----) (-----*-----) (-----*-----) (-----*-----) ------+---------+---------+---------+--0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

Pooled StDev = 0.2130

JOB: 6165 – Tontine Pillow Exchange Study

Page 50 of 58

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IAQ, SBS & MOULD INVESTIGATIONS

Aspergillus sp. Statistically significant difference = Yes (P<0.05) NT higher than all other states. Boxplot of Aspergillus sp. 0.25

Aspergillus sp.

0.20

0.15

0.10

0.05

0.00 NSW

Qld

SA state

Tas

Vic

One-way ANOVA: Aspergillus sp. versus state Source state Error Total

DF 6 343 349

S = 8.312

Level NSW NT Qld SA Tas Vic WA

N 50 50 50 50 50 50 50

SS 1166.9 23697.3 24864.2

MS 194.5 69.1

R-Sq = 4.69%

Mean 0.400 5.342 0.000 0.000 0.360 0.100 0.000

StDev 0.904 21.952 0.000 0.000 0.851 0.416 0.000

F 2.82

P 0.011

R-Sq(adj) = 3.03% Individual 95% CIs For Mean Based on Pooled StDev ---------+---------+---------+---------+ (---------*--------) (--------*---------) (--------*--------) (--------*--------) (--------*---------) (--------*---------) (--------*--------) ---------+---------+---------+---------+ 0.0 2.5 5.0 7.5

Pooled StDev = 8.312

JOB: 6165 – Tontine Pillow Exchange Study

Page 51 of 58

MYCOLOGIA PTY LTD

IAQ, SBS & MOULD INVESTIGATIONS

Ascomycetes Statistically significant difference = Yes (P<0.001) NSW higher than all other states. Boxplot of Ascomycetes 2.0

Ascomycetes

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0 NSW

Qld

SA state

Tas

Vic

One-way ANOVA: Ascomycetes versus state Source state Error Total

DF 6 343 349

S = 0.3582

Level NSW NT Qld SA Tas Vic WA

N 50 50 50 50 50 50 50

SS 13.074 44.000 57.074

MS 2.179 0.128

R-Sq = 22.91%

Mean 0.5600 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0800 0.0000 0.0000

StDev 0.9071 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.2740 0.0000 0.0000

F 16.99

P 0.000

R-Sq(adj) = 21.56% Individual 95% CIs For Mean Based on Pooled StDev -----+---------+---------+---------+---(----*----) (----*----) (----*----) (----*----) (----*----) (----*----) (----*----) -----+---------+---------+---------+---0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60

Pooled StDev = 0.3582

JOB: 6165 – Tontine Pillow Exchange Study

Page 52 of 58

MYCOLOGIA PTY LTD

IAQ, SBS & MOULD INVESTIGATIONS

Acremonium sp. Statistically significant difference = Yes (P<0.05) Tas higher than NSW. Other state did not record a result. Boxplot of Acremonium sp. 0.50

Acremonium sp.

0.25

0.00

-0.25

-0.50 NSW

Qld

SA state

Tas

Vic

One-way ANOVA: Acremonium sp. versus state Source state Error Total

DF 6 343 349

S = 0.3078

Level NSW NT Qld SA Tas Vic WA

N 50 50 50 50 50 50 50

SS 1.8571 32.5000 34.3571

MS 0.3095 0.0948

R-Sq = 5.41%

Mean 0.1000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.2000 0.0000 0.0000

StDev 0.3030 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.7559 0.0000 0.0000

F 3.27

P 0.004

R-Sq(adj) = 3.75% Individual 95% CIs For Mean Based on Pooled StDev ---------+---------+---------+---------+ (--------*--------) (--------*--------) (--------*--------) (--------*--------) (--------*--------) (--------*--------) (--------*--------) ---------+---------+---------+---------+ 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

Pooled StDev = 0.3078

JOB: 6165 – Tontine Pillow Exchange Study

Page 53 of 58

MYCOLOGIA PTY LTD

IAQ, SBS & MOULD INVESTIGATIONS

Alternaria sp. Statistically significant difference = No Boxplot of Alternaria sp. 4

Alternaria sp.

0 NSW

Qld

SA state

Tas

Vic

One-way ANOVA: Alternaria sp. versus state Source state Error Total

DF 6 343 349

S = 8.198

Level NSW NT Qld SA Tas Vic WA

N 50 50 50 50 50 50 50

SS 515.7 23053.8 23569.6

MS 86.0 67.2

R-Sq = 2.19%

Mean 1.180 0.000 0.080 0.728 0.920 1.000 3.907

StDev 1.119 0.000 0.566 1.847 1.158 1.938 21.457

F 1.28

P 0.266

R-Sq(adj) = 0.48% Individual 95% CIs For Mean Based on Pooled StDev ---------+---------+---------+---------+ (--------*--------) (--------*--------) (--------*--------) (--------*--------) (--------*--------) (--------*--------) (--------*--------) ---------+---------+---------+---------+ 0.0 2.5 5.0 7.5

Pooled StDev = 8.198

JOB: 6165 – Tontine Pillow Exchange Study

Page 54 of 58

MYCOLOGIA PTY LTD

IAQ, SBS & MOULD INVESTIGATIONS

13. PHOTOS (AVAIABLE IN LARGER FORMAT AND HIGHER RESOLUTION)

Pillows had information gathered regarding age, user, location, clean and travel at time of collection

Each pillow was vacuumed for approximately 1 minute

Dust was collected on a pre-weighed filter using a Dust Scope

JOB: 6165 – Tontine Pillow Exchange Study

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MYCOLOGIA PTY LTD

IAQ, SBS & MOULD INVESTIGATIONS

Filters were re-weighted post pillow treatment to calculate the total dust extracted from each pillow

Dust from each pillow were plated onto 2 different media for mould identification

Plates showing mould growth from dust extracted from individual pillows

JOB: 6165 – Tontine Pillow Exchange Study

Page 56 of 58

MYCOLOGIA PTY LTD

IAQ, SBS & MOULD INVESTIGATIONS

Plates showing mould growth from dust extracted from individual pillows

JOB: 6165 – Tontine Pillow Exchange Study

Page 57 of 58

MYCOLOGIA PTY LTD

IAQ, SBS & MOULD INVESTIGATIONS

DRBC plate showing a wide range of fungal growth from plating of dust

MEA plate exhibiting a wide range of mould growth from plating of dust

JOB: 6165 – Tontine Pillow Exchange Study

Page 58 of 58