July-August 2016

>> ENERGY EFFICIENT LIGHTING & DESIGN MAGAZINE

ENERGY

EFFICIENCY!

The Challenges of Led Upkeep!

Illumination with Brain!

The Next Revolution is Control!

Lighting the Real World!

Natural Interior Daylight!

Light, Phones Action!

Founder Editor-in-Chief Late Mr. Kanwar NS Managing Editor Reny Singh Editors Amrita Singh Sarvjit Kanwar

ENERGY EFFICIENT LIGHTING & DESIGN MAGAZINE Registeration No.GOVT. OF INDIA | DELENG/2014/57785

China Correspondent & Reporters Ying Wei-Beijing Bao Tian Tian - Shanghai Xing Guang Li - Guangzhou Assistant Editor/Correspondent Vishwapreet Secretary & Legal Advisor K.Surinder Circulation Surekha Gogna Production, Design & Degital Media Rakesh Sharma Marketing & Sales Lina Catherine Amy Lan Anna Mi Technical Advisors Alex Van Bienen/Lily - Nederlands Public Relations Director (UK) Mike Steele Advisor Internet Sukhbir Singh International Advisor (Australia) Andrew S. McCourt Germany Representatives Julia Rittershofer Steffen Schnaderbeck India (Head Office) D 182 PR House, Anand Vihar, New Delhi 110 092 INDIA Tel: +91 11 22141542 | 4309 4482 Fax: +91 11 22160635 info@lightexpress.in www.lightexpress.in

China (Guzhen) International Lighting Fair 2016

G

uzhen lighting is a competi tive industrial cluster with complete industry chain and large market influence, covering three cities and 11 towns around.

Guzhen has 26,000 lighting enterprises and nearly 9,000 lighting merchants with an annual output value of 17.66 billion yuan, holding a share of 70 percent in the Chinese lighting market. Guzhen has sold products to over 130 countries and regions in the world, showing huge market potential. The development of the lighting market and the acceleration in product upgrading have stimulated the demands of upstream and downstream industries for raw materials, parts, design, transportation and finance, thus driving the development of upstream and downstream industries. In recent years, upstream and downstream industries have sprung up like mushrooms, and the industry chain has been active with a considerable profit margin.

However, currently downstream industries lack integrated exhibition resources and ever-growing upstream enterprises do not settle for the production equipment and parts zone of the fair, thus building a fair serving upstream and downstream lighting industries has become an irresistible trend.

Based on strong support from the government and rich experience in exhibition organization, Guzhen Light Fair follows the principle of catering to market trend and market demand, targets the gaps in upstream and downstream lighting exhibitions, delivers "2016 Guzhen Lighting Production Equipment & Raw and Auxiliary Materials Exhibition" (Manufacturing Exhibition) and "2016 Guzhen Lighting Trade Service

Exhibition" (Trade Exhibition), and will be held concurrently with Guzhen Lighting Fair in the same place. The linkage of the three exhibitions will perfect the upstream and downstream industry chain of the lighting industry.

Manufacturing Exhibition will mainly target upstream exhibitors in multiple lighting service industries such as equipment and instruments, parts and components, raw materials and design, and Trade Exhibition will serve other service industries such as trade, circulation and finance.

Both exhibitions will make up the deficiencies of Guzhen Lighting Fair in serving some upstream and downstream industries, perfect the industry chain, present seven categories and 64 types of products covering all upstream and downstream links of the lighting industry from production to sales, and showcase the latest trend of the industry. Buyer demands will be analyzed accurately based on 20,000 entries of overseas professional buyers and 200,000 entries of domestic professional buyers, to accomplish the role exchange between exhibitors and buyers, and serve lighting professionals to the greatest extent.

Other than the two new exhibitions, this Guzhen Lighting Fair has a newly designed hall layout. One hall has been changed to three relatively independent ones from east to west. One can enter the fair from the side of Hall A. The three halls are all connected from north to south.Exhibition organizers carefully optimized the layout with completely new scientific and rational plans for more efficient use of the limited exhibition space, maximizing

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the value of all booths.

The all new layout is based on area distribution and has detailed zones. Hall A focuses on the introduction of decorative lighting and comprehensive brands with big brands and a hard quality index focusing on creation and characteristic decoration as well as the introduction of illumination and lighting effects. The decorative light boutique area, electrotechnical area, and home lighting area will be located in hall B. It will create a union of "brands, professionalism, and popularity," making a professional, diverse environment for overseas buyers. Hall C will be divided into a commercial lighting area and outdoor lighting area. It will have various activity areas.

The Guzhen Lighting Fair in 2016 autumn will be updated and completely new. It's also first step in starting a new manufacturing and trade exhibition with three complementary interlinked major exhibitions and brand new highlights.

THE ONLINE PRE-REGISTRATION IS OPEN NOW FOR THE

18th China (Guzhen) International Lighting Fair (AUTUMN EDITION) THE ONLINE PRE-REGISTRATION FOR THE “18TH CHINA (GUZHEN) INTERNATIONAL LIGHTING FAIR (AUTUMN EDITION)” IS OPEN NOW One Pass, Three Expos–Also see the 2016 Guzhen Lighting Manufacturing & Supply Expo and the 2016 Guzhen Lighting Business Services Expo On October 22- 26, 2016, the 18th China (Guzhen) International Lighting Fair will be grandly held at the Guzhen Convention and Exhibition Center in Zhongshan city of China.

From now to October 20, 2016, visitors can visit the official website of the fair (http:// www.gzlightingfair.com/en) and preregister online with their mobile numbers. Visitors can conveniently get free admission to the fair simply by registering online. For overseas professional buyers, pre-registration

also allows them to enjoy various VIP services such as the business matching service and many specific travel incentives specially tailor made for overseas buyers.

ONE PASS FOR THREE EXPOS– ALSO SEES TWO NEW SUBSIDIARY EXPOS Three New exhibitions concurrently launched In order to align with market trends and needs, two new subsidiary expos of the 18th China (Guzhen) International Lighting Fair, the “2016 Guzhen Lighting Manufacturing & Supply Expo” and the “2016 Guzhen Lighting Business Services Expo”, will be concurrently held by local government and China Association of Lighting Industry (CALI). And aiming to improve the upstream and downstream supply chains of the lighting industry while building a platform fit for lighting manufacturing and modern service

sectors, these two new expos at the newly-built Halls D and E will synergistically present on the two topics of lighting manufacturing and export trade services.

NEW LAYOUT TO COLLECTIVELY AND CLEARLY REFLECT EXHIBIT CATEGORY This year’s fair will be overhauled with a new floor plan and clear zoning. Hall A, hall B and hall C feature the finished products including decorative lighting, household lighting, commercial lighting, LED lighting & technology, outdoor lighting, electrical & electronic product. Machinery & Equipment, Lighting Accessory & Components, Raw Material, 3D Printing will be stationed in Hall C to cover the upstream supply chain. And in terms of export trade services such as Design, Circle, Finance, will be collectively showcased in Hall C.

Source: China (guzhen) International Lighting Fair Website: http://www.gzlightingfair.com/en Contact: chloe.qu@ubmsinoexpo.com In conclusion, the 18th Guzhen International Lighting Fair has a stronger focus on the lighting industry as a whole. The fair serves an integrated lighting procurement platform that is highly cost effective and that has a full range of products covering the whole industry chain.

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C-star: China's most international retail show Online booth application has officially launched!

With the perfect ending to C-star 2016, we will be continuing on the same path in 2017 and strengthen C-star's position as the professional retail platform in the Chinese market.

Exhibitors and visitors praised the exhibition as the first-choice platform for the retail industry

In May 2016, C-star - Shanghai's International Trade Fair for Solutions and Trends all about Retail, concluded its second edition with significant growth on show results. It attracted huge attention from industry peers and become the most international trade fair in the Chinese retail industry only in its second year.

C-star 2017: Set for growth and success.

C-star 2017 is aiming to match that, and top it! Preparations for C-star 2017 are now full underway. Thanks to the extremely positive feedback from exhibitors and visitors alike and the great demand, C-star is

expanding into two exhibition halls.

This gives even more exhibitors even bigger opportunities to do business with even more trade visitors.

This year, C-star exceeded everyone's expectations: 180 exhibitors from 18 countries and regions increased by 11% and 7,616 visitors from 77 countries and regions reaching a 33% increase from its debut.

Leading brands showcased their latest solutions, technologies, products and services. Trade visitors – retail experts and decision-makers – were impressed and excited by the show and its vast supporting events.

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This year, C-star has clearly structured into four areas for Shopfitting, lighting and design; Retail Technology; Visual Merchandising, marketing and event construction. It is perfectly suited to the Chinese retail market.

Preparation for the next edition has already started. Exhibitors can now use C-star online booth application system. Please log on http://www.cstar-expo.com/register.html and fill in your company information. Please

print, sign, and chop the application form after online submission and send the scanned copy to us by email or fax. For more information, please contact the C-star team below: Ms. Ningxin Wu Tel: +86 21-6169 8386 Fax: +86 21-6169 8301 Email: WuN@messe-duesseldorf.de Ms. Marieke Bossek Tel: +86 21-6169 8309 Fax: +86 21-6169 8301 Email: Marieke.Bossek@mds.cn Ms. Sherry Wang Tel: +86 21-6169 8321 Fax: +86 21-6169 8301 Email: Sherry.Wang@mds.cn Ms. Connie Yang Tel: +86 21-6169 8326 Fax: +86 21-6169 8301 Email: Connie.yang@mds.cn

The Challenges of LED Upkeep anything else, maintenance is where the rubber meets the road.

Lighting maintenance may involve relamping luminaires, cleaning luminaires and room surfaces, troubleshooting and replacing defective parts, and re-aiming directional lamps and luminaires. It may also include periodically inspecting and reprogramming or recalibrating controls.

A

ll light sources must be maintained; as lighting controls become more sophisticated, they also must be maintained. Responsible lighting design should include maintenance to preserve design integrity. In terms of sustainability, whether the lighting goal is visual comfort, highlighting merchandise, energy savings or

In the solid-state lighting (SSL) era, is this still necessary? Some early lightemitting diode (LED) sales claims promised “install and forget” lighting.

For building owners whose main concern is whether the lights are on, a 20-year light source that doesn’t require spot relamping may certainly seem that way.

The truth is that LED lighting should be maintained, though maintenance best practices must be adapted to accommodate this light source’s unique characteristics.

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Reliability issues LEDs are a long-life light source, which is a major benefit. Manufacturers have come a long way in their understanding of how drive current, temperature and other factors affect performance. As a result, today’s well-designed and properly operated LED products are generally reliable and long-lasting.

In review, LED life is often evaluated based on lumen maintenance—an L value expressing the average number of hours the product is projected to operate before light output declines to some percentage of initial lumens. For example, an L80 value of 50,000 hours means a population of luminaires, on average, will produce 80 percent of their initial output at 50,000 hours of operation.

LED products have an estimated life based on a combination of standardized testing and manufacturer-specific methodologies and

experience. LED modules, arrays and packages are tested up to 10,000 hours under conditions defined by the IES-LM-80 standard. The light source is then placed in a luminaire and expected to operate longer than that. Using the IES-TM-21 standard, these results are extrapolated to produce life projections, based on manufacturers’ methods, data and on certain operating conditions, notably temperature.

According to the Department of Energy, within five years, the technological development of LED sources will result in service life reaching a theoretical limit of about 50,000 hours for LED lamps and 100,000 hours for LED luminaires. In the average building, 100,000 hours of life translates to 35 years of service. What’s more, aside from infancy failures, well-designed luminaires typically provide light with a very long mean time between failures. While fluorescent and high?intensity discharge (HID) lamps are available with very long life, they still

fail steadily along their mortality curve.

The reliability of LED products may not be based on lumen maintenance, however, since they are systems of components, some of which may fail before the light source depreciates in output. In applications where color quality is important, color shift may signal replacement first. This may occur due to phosphor degradation or varying lumen-depreciation rates in differing LED types used in the same product. Color shift may be tested along with lumen-depreciation using IES-LM-80, but IES-TM-21 does not provide a procedure for extrapolating beyond 10,000 hours. It’s also not very well-defined, making evaluation subjective by application.

Finally, RTI International discovered driver electronics and other components are likely to fail before the light source, a reversal of what we’re accustomed to with traditional lighting, which is the lamp failing before the ballast.

Product selection One of the most important services that can be provided to a building owner is recommendation of a quality product that satisfies its promises. As LED is still a relatively young technology, there is a broad variation in quality, particularly among lower-cost products. Therefore, it is important to understand lighting and the application and qualify good products that use ?good components.

When selecting a product, it can be beneficial to ask the manufacturer what methods and data it used to estimate service life. The specifier

should also note any application characteristics likely to affect service life, such as ambient heat and humidity, which can reduce life, and whether the product will be dimmed, as dimming may extend service life.

The specifier should also pay attention to color stability, particularly for applications such as hospitality and retail, where color is important. The specifier can review the product’s LM-80 data for LED packages as well as temperature measurement data for installed lamps and luminaires. For best results, manufacturer operating guidelines should be followed. If color stability is a concern, the specifier may attempt to negotiate a product warranty that addresses color shift if one is not available.?

Another aspect of product design is whether the product is easily fieldserviceable, which allows component replacement and possibly upgrades. This makes the product more durable and brings us to a challenging area of LED lighting maintenance, which is product replacement.

Product replacement After LED products are installed, infancy failures may occur and would be covered by warranty.

Should a product fail after the warranty expires, replacement products must be purchased unless spares are available in attic stock.

The look and shape of LED luminaires are not standardized, and product cycles are compressing to as little as one to two years, resulting in new generations. This presents the risk that the manufacturer may no

longer be in business or that the product may no longer be available or have a different light output or form factor.

Therefore, when purchasing LED luminaires, the specifier might ask the manufacturer about future availability of inventory and how it is servicing products today that were sold several years ago.

There is also the question of what the owner will do when the lighting has failed, which in turn raises the question of what that even means.

When matching a product to an application, the specifier should not confuse the L value with an exact replacement point. This value expresses lumen maintenance, which serves as a guide but not an absolute. The Next Generation Industry Alliance recommends a broader approach based on the application, defining life as when light output falls by X percent, color shift rises above Y, Z percentage of LEDs fail, or some combination of these. The replacement point is, therefore, generally based on light levels (lumen depreciation, some LEDs failing) or aesthetics (color shift, some LEDs failing when the light source is visible in the luminaire).

While there have been some industry attempts to provide a clear end-of-life signal, a majority of products do not. The owner might benefit from incorporating periodic scheduled inspections as part of its maintenance program. This could include spot-checking light levels and, for applications with sensitive aesthetics, visual inspection for outages and color shift. Intelligent lighting control is becoming more

popular because it is inherently compatible with LED lighting. Should the control system offer monitoring capability, this allows remote monitoring of lighting status, notably whether a given lighting point is operational. The system may allow remote alarm notifications.

A failing driver may either cause its LEDs to stop producing light or, less likely, become dim. Should failures occur due to the driver, being able to replace it in the field could be beneficial if the light source still has considerable useful life. Again, the luminaire should be easily fieldserviceable for this purpose, with quick disconnects, though product replacement can be problematic as there are no current industry standards for drivers. Therefore, the driver must be replaced with the same product or one approved by the manufacturer for the given luminaire. If an unusual number of driver failures are encountered, it could be manufacturer defect, high driver operating temperatures or some other cause. Consult the manufacturer.

Some products also allow the field replacement of the light engine, which can experience similar issues as complete products and drivers.

A light engine would normally need to be replaced due to catastrophic

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failure, lumen depreciation or color shift. In the future, replaceable phosphors may be available. If products are exhibiting premature lumen depreciation, this may be caused by high operating temperatures, miswiring that results in the lighting being dimmed by a dimming control, or some other cause.

Again, consult the manufacturer.?

Other maintenance practices LED lighting installations may benefit

from other sensible maintenance practices such as luminaire cleaning and re-aiming. Traditionally, cleaning occurs when the luminaire is relamped, if at all. As LED luminaires generally do not require spot relamping, maintenance personnel must make an effort to ensure cleaning occurs, particularly in environments such as outdoor applications where dirt accumulation can reduce light output.

Additionally, as displays move, directional lighting must be re-

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aimed. A growing maintenance area in LED lighting is controls, which are becoming increasingly automatic and sophisticated. Changes to the space, how the space is used, etc., may result in the controls falling out of sync. Periodic inspections, including functional testing of a sampling of control points, will reveal deficiencies that can be corrected by reorienting or moving sensors and recalibration. Maintenance ensures lighting systems perform as intended over the long

term. As lighting technology changes, maintenance is changing with it, though the fundamentals remain the same: relamping, cleaning and troubleshooting. LED lighting significantly reduces maintenance, while advanced lighting controls are providing new tools that facilitate it.

The key to maintaining LED lighting and control installations is to understand the technology and proactively monitor the systems.

DLC Networked Controls Specification Enables Utility Incentives

BY CRAIG DILOUIE, ON JUNE 23, 2016

likely result is inclusion of networked lighting controls in rebate programs that annually allocate billions of dollars in funding to promote energy-efficient lighting.

T

he DesignLights Consortium (DLC) has released a Net worked Lighting Controls category in its Qualified Products List (QPL). The first qualifying products will be published in June 2016. The

Comprised of 83 members representing some 100 utilities and energy efficiency programs, DLC is a non-profit dedicated to promoting energy-efficient lighting. The mainstay is the Solid-State Lighting QPL, a list of LED products tested and verified as satisfying stringent performance and efficiency criteria.

Currently, about 175,000 products are listed. Utilities and energy efficiency programs across the

United States and Canada use the QPL to qualify LED products as being eligible for commercial sector lighting rebates.

While lighting controls are common in rebate programs, penetration in existing commercial buildings remains low. The U.S. Department of Energy estimates that daylight harvesting controls are installed in only two percent of commercial buildings, for example. DLC estimates that networked lighting controls are installed in less than one percent of lighting projects in member programs. Nearly all current prescriptive rebates do not

recognize networked lighting control systems.

Utilities are becoming more interested in networked lighting controls because they have been demonstrated to save significant amounts of energy. These utilities are being charged by regulators to save energy beyond what is currently mandated by energy codes, resulting in an emerging focus on higher-performing LED lighting and networked lighting controls.

Meanwhile, the lighting controls industry has made great strides in innovation to deliver systems that dramatically reduce time, complexity

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and cost traditionally associated with these systems.

“In order for utilities to successfully capture the opportunity provided by networked lighting controls— and to do so at scale—there are a number of resources needed,” says Gabe Arnold, PE, LC, Program Manager, DLC. “Utilities need to determine what products or systems will deliver energy savings and qualify for rebates. They need reliable estimates of energy savings for the technology that they can report to their regulators. They need training and education for the designers, specifiers, contractors and end-users that participate in their programs.”

To support its members and drive demand, DLC developed a networked lighting controls performance specification that will allow utilities to qualify products and incorporate them into their rebate programs. The process began in 2014 and included energy efficiency programs and manufacturers. The resulting specification is flexible so as to be inclusive of the many types of systems and approaches on the market today. The final specification was released in May 2016. In June 2016, the first products are expected to be listed in the online database.

“DLC’s goal with this specification and QPL is to equip DLC members with a key resources to harness the opportunity provided by networked lighting controls and accelerate adoption at scale,” Arnold says. “In partnership with members, DLC seeks to change the current paradigm—where less than one percent of projects seen by utility programs incorporate networked controls—to a new future where 90 percent or more of projects incorporate networked controls.”

verified for listing. Reported capabilities are not required but will be identified by DLC in the listing to help specifiers select appropriate solutions.

The required system capabilities include: • Networking of luminaires and devices • Luminaire and device addressability • Continuous dimming • Occupancy sensing, daylight harvesting, high-end trim • Zoning In addition, the system must be protected by a minimum five-year warranty covering all components addressed in the specification. And the system must be commercially available.

Reported capabilities include: • Luminaire-level control (integrated or non-integrated) • Time-scheduling, load shedding (demand response), personal control, plug load control • Localized processing (distributed intelligence) • BMS/EMS/HVAC integration • Energy monitoring • Device monitoring/Remote diagnostics • Type of user interface • Operational and standby power

The specification Networked Lighting Control Systems Specification v1.01 covers control systems defined as such; it does not cover connected luminaires. The specification is based on “required” and “reported” system capabilities.

Required capabilities must be 12 | July-August 2016 | lightexpress

These capabilities are described in detail at the DLC website.

“We are pleased with the balance we have struck,” says Arnold. “The specification provides an inclusive and flexible framework to build from and allows DLC to raise the bar for the technology in a way that does not inhibit adoption. It enables options and customer choice for a wide range of applications, from simple to the most complex. It is supported by most of the lighting controls industry and flexible to support the varying needs of DLC members.”

Examples of systems that may qualify and be listed include Acuity Brands nLight, Cree SmartCast, Eaton Fifth Light, GE Daintree, Lutron Vive, OSRAM Encelium and Philips SpaceWise. According to DLC, about 40 systems currently on the market may be eligible to satisfy the specification.

2017.

The networked lighting controls specification is part of a larger market transformation effort by DLC. Additional program elements expected in the latter half of 2016 include an energy savings estimating tool for layered lighting controls, training programs and demonstration projects. Additionally, DLC is working on a unified, market-friendly unified incentive strategy that would simplify the rebate process and streamline it across multiple program territories.

For lighting practitioners, the result will be an exciting opportunity to deliver state-of-the-art lighting control systems to existing building projects—backed by rebates, thirdparty energy savings estimates and training. “Be proactive, participate and leverage this new DLC resource,” Arnold says. “If you are a manufacturer, get your system qualified.

Market rollout DLC member and other energy efficiency programs are expected to develop new programs around the networked lighting control specification, though individual programs and timelines are likely to vary from one utility to the next. Some have already developed programs and will launch them in the second half of 2016, while others will launch programs in

If you are a specifier, ESCO, distributor or contractor, learn about qualified systems and use them on your next project. Get educated on the technology. Attend training. Take advantage of the new rebates. LEDs shook up and changed the lighting industry, but the potential changes from networked lighting controls have far greater implications to nearly everyone in the industry.”

Eneref Institute Launches Initiative To Let In More Natural Interior Daylight

E

neref Institute (www.eneref.org), a leading advocate for sustainable development since 2001, announces the launch of their Natural Interior Daylight (NID) initiative. The campaign is tailored to advance the specification of daylighting as a significant light source in commercial and residential facilities. Multiple lighting studies have demonstrated increased health and human productivity benefits for students and employees in spaces with properly designed natural interior daylight. And daylight harvesting, including windows, skylights and tubular daylighting devices, in place of or in conjunction with traditional electric lighting, can significantly reduce a building’s energy load.

To launch the NID initiative, Eneref Institute just authored a daylighting market report entitled, “Seven Market Obstacles to Daylighting,” which is scheduled for publication in the February, 2014 issue of the Journal of the Illuminating Engineer-

ing Society, LD+A Magazine. The report is also available on www.eneref.org.

asserts Eneref Institute’s report, “Seven Market Obstacles to Daylighting.”

Going forward, Eneref Institute’s Natural Interior Daylight initiative will spotlight a multi-economic sector of the daylighting industry by publishing a series of case studies featuring facilities that benefited from the installation of natural interior daylighting. Eneref’s daylighting case study reports will highlight specific solutions and validate the health, productivity and energy benefits within various vertical markets.

Eneref Institute is the industry standard in the built environment for 3rd-party case studies validating solutions. Eneref’s case studies are drawn from interviews representing a broad range of sales channel stakeholders, from solution providers to end-users.

“You don't need a degree in illuminating engineering to know that a room with a view—one with windows that lets in natural light—is what we desire. Inherently we just know,” says Seth Warren Rose, Founding Director of Eneref Institute.

“Yet, while few technologies combine as many health and environmental benefits, the daylighting market remains only a sliver of what it could be.”

Because of daylighting’s enormous benefits, the use of natural interior daylight in homes and buildings should be much more common,

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Eneref Institute already leads an industry-wide initiative, “Solar Thermal Advantage,” designed to increase adoption of solar heating and cooling in residential and commercial facilities by working closely with government agencies, including the US Department of Defense, Department of Energy and the Environmental Protection Agency.

A subsequent report will encapsulate Eneref’s daylighting case studies, and include contributions from lighting designers, building owners and finance organizations as well as from manufacturers of daylighting controls, components and complete systems. Those invited to participate in Eneref’s NID initiative will provide expertise across all sectors of the daylighting industry and represent a wealth of diverse perspectives.

About Eneref Institute: Eneref Institute (www.eneref.org) is a research and advocacy organization focused on environmental and social responsibility opportunities as a catalyst for change. The mission of Eneref Institute is to launch initiatives that raise awareness for clear, specific solutions that put forward an efficient use of natural resources, demonstrate social responsibility and foster a peaceful, earth-friendly economy.

Illumination With A Brain: Intelligent lighting control 16 | July-August 2016 | lightexpress

W

hile the light-emitting diode (LED) has gotten a lot of attention in recent years, another revolution has quietly developed in the background: intelligent (digital) lighting control. The future of lighting is solid-state, and it will be highly controlled.?

Fully realized, intelligent control allows zoning as granular as individual luminaires, detailed functional programming, zoning and rezoning independent of wiring, layering of control strategies, and two-way communication.

This means highly flexible and responsive lighting can be controlled in layers of strategies that can be changed as needed, and the system provides energy and maintenance information.?

Anatomies?

An intelligent lighting control system comprises dimmable ballasts or drivers; accessory devices, such as switches and sensors; power controllers, which may be the ballast or driver; and supporting hardware used for communication and data storage.?

The lighting controller—where the processor (or intelligence) resides—may be distributed (within the control devices) or centralized (within a central server). The power controllers are connected using dedicated control wiring or radio signals to build a network in which each controller has a unique identifier address. These controllers can be programmed and operated individually or in groups. Manufacturers use a variety of configurations, so it pays to get to know each system.?

The solution may be luminaire-, room- or building-/campus-based. For years, standalone controls have been available as an onboard option. The latest generation of luminaire-based controls pairs onboard sensors and a controllable driver with LED luminaires that communicate with each other using low-voltage wiring or radio waves, and they can be preconfigured to simplify commissioning.?

The majority of today’s intelligent lighting control systems are room-based.

Each lighting control across the room or within each luminaire act as an independent control system. A typical solution includes plug-and-play sensors, switches and relay-based power controllers to switch and dim loads. Some systems are based on two-output controllers for two-zone control. Some feature wiring that allows rooms to be linked within a scalable building network. The systems typically offer preconfigured operation sequences that optimize energy savings and ensure energy code compliance. Simplicity is this type of system’s advantage.?

The next step up is building-/campus-based solutions, which are typically centralized, meaning all devices communicate with a central server that authorized operators can access. This setup provides a single control point for a building or campus, facilitates ongoing lighting management, permits complex control-strategy programming, and can collect energy information and conduct monitoring for maintenance and recommissioning. Offering the best opportunity for energy savings and information, this option is the ultimate in lighting control, though it typically poses greater cost and complexity. For that reason, current commercial building penetration is estimated at 2 percent, though it is expected to grow.?

Centralized intelligent systems represent the ultimate in lighting control, but they are sophisticated and require good design, installation and commissioning. Furthermore, manufacturers use distinct approaches to differentiate their systems. Designers and installers should familiarize themselves with the features and architecture of the various systems to ensure smooth projects.?

Since centralized intelligent control systems are more challenging but have good growth potential, the remainder of this article focuses on them.?

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Centralized intelligent systems?

Centralized intelligent lighting control systems must be connected within a topology. These systems may be wired, wired with wireless accessory devices (“hybrid”), or completely wireless.?

Various wired topologies are available. The most common is a bus (basically a computer network).

All control devices connect using one pair of low-voltage wires, Ethernet or proprietary cabling.?

For greater flexibility, some wired systems incorporate wireless accessory devices (e.g., switches and sensors) that communicate with the system using one or more central gateways.?

Alternatively, the system may be completely wireless with the majority using a self-healing mesh or star topology. In a self-healing mesh network, data flows through a network of devices along the most efficient path; if one device fails, the data routes through a different path (self-healing). In a star topology, signals from all wireless devices are transmitted within range directly to and from one or more gateways that form the network backbone.?

The centralized intelligent lighting control system is designed in accordance with a common protocol. The protocol may be open (e.g., DALI and ZigBee), allowing products from different manufacturers to mix in the same network. On the other hand, it may be proprietary to a manufacturer. For the control system to integrate with a building automation system (BAS), the two systems must share the same native protocol (such as BACnet); alternatively, one can use a gateway and/or gateway-functional programming that can translate data crossing between the systems.?

Centralized intelligent lighting control systems are set up and operated using server-based software that is accessible from a workstation. The programmer can create zones, discover devices, assign the devices to zones, set up schedules and control profiles, create users/access levels, and calibrate sensors. The

operator can change any of this during the system’s life. Depending on the system, it can provide service alerts and alarms, and it can record energy use at designated intervals and display it for analysis. The system operator accesses the server using a webpage or program.?

Application?

A control zone is where a lighting control governs one or more lamps or luminaires. Granularity refers to how detailed that zoning is; the smaller the zones, the more flexible the system is, which can translate to higher energy savings and user satisfaction. By making each luminaire addressable, intelligent systems facilitate granular zoning where useful. Because all controls are connected through a lowvoltage wiring bus or wireless network, it is economical to layer control strategies on the same devices.?

The ultimate in control responsiveness is for each luminaire to be addressable; to be installed with a dedicated occupancy and photosensor; and to be assigned to groups for scheduling, task tuning, demand response and basic manual control. However, this level of detail is not always needed. For example, in response to daylight, a photosensor could be used to dim luminaires to a certain level based on their proximity to a window. The luminaire layout, notably the density of luminaires used, can greatly affect control zoning with dedicated occupancy and photosensors.?

After relating lighting and controls within control zones, we define the controls’ behavior, or sequence of operations. This requires a lighting control narrative that covers behavior under typical conditions, including all settings. In turn, this document provides a commissioning and system maintenance road map.?

Software?

Once the desired operations sequence is defined, it is typically programmed into the control system using software. Time scheduling can be implemented using weekly calendars that also allow daily, monthly and yearly views. These

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time schedules also provide the framework for developing control profiles. The designer selects a block of time and assigns default or custom behaviors to the control system during those times using provided variables. These variables cover occupancy sensors (time delays, sensitivity, fade rates, etc.), daylight harvesting (dead-band zones, time delays, fade rates, etc.), manual override logic and so on. As systems vary in number of variables, the designer should choose one that allows satisfaction of all control narrative elements. Due to the sophisticated custom programs that may be produced, the system should provide a means of regularly backing up the program and all other data.?

system functions. For example, the system administrator must have access to everything. Meanwhile, in a multitenant building, occupants may be given access to their lighting.?

The software’s interface typically displays energy use in kilowatt-hours in various time increments (e.g., day), near real-time luminaire status (e.g., dimmed level), alarms and error messages, and demand response/demand reduction condition. Not all display instantaneous power (kW). Increasingly, software displays information about other operating parameters, such as temperature and occupancy. Most software can import floor plans and overlay them with luminaires and control devices; these floor plans are typically used to display information, though, in some cases, they can also be used to create control zones.?

After installation, the system must be commissioned. The process typically includes the following steps. Energize the lighting system and verify that all wiring and system components are properly installed and powered, without any faults.

Create zones using the software, discover all components in the system, assign lighting to the zones, and create control profiles and schedules for each zone. Calibrate the sensors. Identify and correct any faults in the system. Verify all software features are working. ?

Some systems automatically send notifications about detected problems, which may include daily reports of equipment requiring service or replacement (e.g., failed lamps). These systems typically allow multiple recipients who can be assigned to receive different types of notifications. In addition, different users can be assigned different levels of access to control

Documentation and commissioning?

Construction documentation should include control schedules, indicating which lighting and control devices reside in each zone; a control narrative; and wiring diagrams. Because the topology and wiring methods for many new systems are different than the existing topology and wiring in many buildings, the installing contractor may wish to obtain samples of certain equipment to become familiar with it.?

The manufacturer should then provide training to the owner’s personnel. All documentation, such as operating and maintenance manuals, should be turned over to the owner.?

Intelligent lighting control changes lighting as we know it from fixed, dumb systems into highly flexible, responsive and controllable systems. It will continue to gain in popularity as energy codes become increasingly complex and LED lighting becomes more common.?

CLTC STUDY DEMONSTRATES MAJOR ENERGY SAVINGS FOR

Bilevel Occupancy Sensors output. In one study by ADM Associates, the latter option was demonstrated to produce 22% energy savings in private offices.

At least one-half of the energy codes in the United States are based on the International Energy Conservation Code (IECC), which requires light level reduction controls such as multilevel switching or dimming in enclosed spaces such as private offices.

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hile the basic ON/OFF switch is not considered an energy-saving lighting control, it can be if at least two switches are used to control lighting in a space that is configured on two lighting circuits, giving the user a choice of two levels of light output.

Alternate rows, fixtures or lamps can be switched, offering a choice of 50% and 100% light output. Or the center lamps can be switched separately from the outer lamps in three-lamp fixtures, offering a choice of 33%, 66% and 100% light

What if bilevel switching was combined with occupancy sensor functionality? Would this produce higher energy savings in a private office than bilevel switching or occupancy sensing alone. And: What combination of manual initiative and automation would produce the highest energy savings while also satisfying workers?

The California Lighting Technology Center (CLTC) organized a study in

eight private offices at the University of California – Davis in 2008 to attempt to generate useful data related to these questions. Each office, between 90 and 140 sq.ft. with a ceiling height of 9 ft., is lighted by a combination of indirect/ direct pendant fixtures and daylight entering through a window with manually adjustable vertical blinds.

The study was sponsored by Watt Stopper/Legrand.

“The baseline comparison,”

Occupancy sensors are just as simple—a switch married with a sensor to enable automatic switching based on whether the sensor detects the presence or absence of people. Occupancy sensing is a reliable method for generating energy savings: According to the Advanced Lighting Guidelines, occupancy sensors in private offices can produce up to 45% energy savings.

All energy codes require that general lighting be automatically turned OFF when it’s not used. Further, IECC says that if an occupancy sensor is used in an enclosed space such as a private office, light level reduction controls are not needed, suggesting an either/or choice.

lightexpress | July-August 2016 | 19

at 0.7 to 0.9W/sq.ft., says Pistochini, development engineer for CLTC. “Giving individuals control of their lighting is important for achieving both user satisfaction and efficient use of energy.”

“The results showed that if we look beyond technology and include human factors and common sense, we can still find simple solutions that can be easily applied to save more than 50% lighting energy in existing commercial buildings,” says Pete Horton, VP market development for Watt Stopper/Legrand.

An advantage of bilevel switching is that users have a choice of light levels, enabling them to adjust light levels based on preference for different tasks or lighting conditions, such as the variable availability of daylight.

researchers Theresa Pistochini, Judy Xu and Rahul Shira wrote in a report on the study, “is made to a theoretical case where the occupant has no control over their lighting and it is switched ON and OFF by an occupancy sensor.”

In the test offices, the pendants are configured with dual circuiting, with a ballast driving two lamps (48W) placed on each circuit. This enabled the researchers to set up three test conditions and record data on occupancy.

Office at 50% light level.

• Auto-ON to 100%: When the office became occupied, an occupancy sensor signaled both relays to automatically turn the lights ON to 100% light level. If the occupant wanted a lower light level, they can flick a switch to 50% or manual-OFF. When the occupant left the office, the sensor then automatically swept the lights OFF. • Auto-ON to 50%: When the office became occupied, the sensor signaled one relay to automatically turn one-half of the lamps ON to achieve 50% light level. The user could flick a switch to increase light level to 100% or turn the lights OFF. When the occupant left the office, the sensor then automatically swept the lights OFF.

not told that the purpose of the study was to measure the impact of their behavior on energy consumption.”

All three scenarios saved energy compared to the baseline scenario, suggesting that combining bilevel switching and occupancy sensing saves more energy than using an occupancy sensor alone. Specifically: • The auto-ON to 100% bilevel occupancy sensor saved 34% compared to the baseline.

• The auto-ON to 50% bilevel occupancy sensor saved 52% compared to the baseline.

• Manual-ON to 50% or 100%: When the office became occupied, the sensor did not turn the lights ON. Instead, the user could turn the lights ON to 50% or 100% light level, or leave them OFF. When the occupant left the office, the sensor then automatically swept the lights OFF.

• The manual-ON bilevel occupancy sensor saved 46% compared to the baseline.

“Occupants were informed about the manner in which the electric lights would behave and also that they were participating in a lighting controls study,” the study’s authors write. “However, the occupants were specifically

“This is quite impressive given that the designed lighting power density in the offices was already quite low

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Pistochini says about half the study participants preferred the auto-ON to 50% scenario, while the other half preferred complete control and therefore preferred to the manual ON scenario. “The hypothesis with automatic-ON to 50% is that the occupant, when presented with manual-ON switches, will not give much thought to the amount of light needed and turn ON both of them.

With the automatic-ON to 50%, the occupancy often enters the office, finds the light level acceptable, and continues working. Occasionally, they desire more light and turn ON the other switch.”

“This study indicates that there is still a lot of room for lighting energy savings in new and existing buildings,” says Horton. “If you are looking for energy savings and a good return on investment, combining bilevel switching and occupancy sensing appears to offer one of the highest values a building owner can achieve.”

He believes this research will be influential, pointing out that because 46-52% energy savings higher energy savings can be demonstrated with bilevel occupancy sensing compared to standard occupancy sensing, energy codes are likely to address this approach in the future.

3M Invests in Lighting Company 3

M has invested in MSi Lighting of Boca Raton, Florida, a company that 3M has been working with for the past year on a line of LED lights for multiple applications. Terms of the transaction were not disclosed.

LED lighting is one of the hottest industries in America. “3M’s Light Management platform enables the company to manipulate light in different ways, and we are committed to developing high-quality LED lights,” said Gabi Sabongi, Vice President, 3M Corporate Ventures. “Solid-state lighting technology has the potential to reduce U.S. lighting energy usage by nearly one half and contribute significantly to the nation's climate change solutions.

MSI’s technology is a great fit with 3M and takes our business relationship to the next level in a way that complements both companies.” MSi provides quality lighting, top product performance and a large product offering to serve customers. “The relationship between MSi and 3M is already strong,” added MSi President John Burke. “This investment allows us to further share ideas and innovations in LED. With 3M’s range of technologies and expertise in optical science, we are very excited about the future and new ways to serve customers.”

It is estimated that switching to LED lighting over the next two decades could save the country $250 billion in energy costs over that period, reduce the electricity consumption for lighting by nearly one half, and avoid 1,800 million metric tons of carbon emissions. “We are excited about MSI’s energy efficient LED lighting technology. Our investment will enable us to provide better LED lighting options to our customers,” said Stefan Gabriel, President, 3M New Ventures.

About MSi MSi has always been focused on creating a solution to the highenergy consumption of hot, costly halogen lights in a myriad of applications – particularly in Retail, Hospitality, Museums and Furniture. Today, MSiXPAR’s are getting rave reviews across the nation, including the coveted INC500 award Top 500 fastest growing companies in America. For more information on MSi, visit their web site at www.msissl.com About 3M 3M captures the spark of new ideas and transforms them into thousands of ingenious products. Our culture of creative collaboration inspires a never-ending stream of powerful technologies that make life better. 3M is the innovation company that never stops inventing. With $31 billion in sales, 3M employs 89,000 people worldwide and has operations in more than 70 countries. lightexpress | July-August 2016 | 21

EC funds project to develop hybrid OLED and LED modules

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he European Commission is funding a new research project to develop hybrid inorganic and organic lighting modules.

The modules are being specifically developed for the professional and architectural lighting sectors, as these have been early adopters of LED technology.

The LASSIE-FP7 (Large Area Solid State Intelligent Efficient luminaries) project aims to aid LED’s capacity for full market penetration. It has been awarded €3.15 million of EC funding and is being co-ordinated by CSEM which is a private, non-profit Swiss company that focuses on sustainability and offers services such as research and consultation.

“Our goal is to develop innovative, large-area, lowcost, intelligent SSL modules with high efficiency and high lighting quality, while assessing their environmental footprint”, said LASSIE-FP7 project coordinator Dr Rolando Ferrini from CSEM. The project outcomes are twofold: the first is to develop a 600mm x 600mm module that manufacturers can mount on their own products. The second is that technology and best-practice developed during the three-year project lifetime is also passed on. This might be about the use of colour sensors or low-cost ways LEDs can be integrated into flexible foil or plastic sheets, for example.

“The development of new hybrid SSL modules, combining the extremely high efficiency and long lifetime of inorganic LEDs with innovative colourchanging coatings based on reliable and stable organic fluorescent dyes, will provide new devices that go beyond the current technological boundaries of SSL,” said Dr Ferrini.

He said that although there are competitors on the market, the innovation in this project is the integration of the different elements and the use of the materials so that the modules can be mass-produced. “Currently these modules are too expensive or don’t fulfil the requirements of professional lighting designers,” Dr Ferrini claimed.

The project will focus exclusively on modules rather than finished luminaires.

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www.siemens.com/buildingautomation

Monument to Thomas Edison switches to LEDs

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monument to Thomas Edison, one of the inventors of the incandes cent lamp, is to be lit with LEDs when it reopens after two years of renovations this summer.

Retailers ramp up energy saving commitments

The 14-foot-tall glass replica incandescent lamp which sits atop the 118-foot tower on the site of Edison’s ‘invention factory’ in Menlo Park, New Jersey, used to burn with an array of incandescent lamps, but the lamps were unreliable and maintenance proved awkward for the museum because workers would have to navigate a narrow ladder to access the tower. The new project will feature retrofit LED lamps in their place.

Thomas Edison Tower “I know there are other people wondering why we’re doing that,” Christa Gaffigan of project architects Mills and Schnoering told NJ.com. “But it’s definitely for the energy efficiency. It’s on the forefront of lighting.”

The Tower is one of only two Art Deco monuments in New Jersey. It was constructed using precast architectural concrete panels with exposed aggregate - the work of John J. Earley, a concrete pioneer. Earley utilized 13 different aggregate colour mixes to give the Tower a graduated “dark to light” appearance that focused attention on the lamp at the top.

“I think he would see [the switch] as a good thing,” Paul Israel, a Rutgers professor and a Thomas Edison expert, said at a recent meeting of the Edison Tower Corporation. “He was very aware of the inefficiencies of the electric light system…He’d have been even more pleased if [the LED technology] came out of his lab. If it came out of someone else’s, maybe not so much.”

Members of the British Retail Consortium have set themselves an ambitious target of reducing energy-related building emissions by 50 per cent by 2020.

The cut, compared to a 2005 baseline, follows BRC members beating their previous target of a 25 per cent cut by 2013 – achieving 30 per cent so far.

This 50 per cent goal, in parallel with the introduction of the government’s Energy Savings Opportunity Scheme – requiring compulsory energy audits for large businesses - is expected to drive retailers to consider more efficient lighting systems.

Neil Sachdev, property director at Sainsbury’s said: “Sainsbury’s aims to reduce operational carbon emissions by 30 per cent absolute by 2020.

We’re doing this because it makes commercial sense, supports job creation in the low-carbon energy sector, and is better for the environment.”

Talking about how members have driven energy efficiency, it cites the example of Tesco’s LED buying club, which uses the collective purchasing power of the 700 business that are members of its Knowledge Hub to negotiate discounts on energy efficient lighting. The BRC document also identified WH Smith for having retrofitted LED lighting across its high street stores. The project is expected to deliver more than 15 million kWh in annual electrical energy savings.

The BRC has also suggested that businesses could be taxed on energy usage as part of a four suggestions put to the government as part of a debate on reforming the business rates system. It argues such a tax could also drive the adoption of energy efficiency measures by retailers.

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Philips claims world's most efficient lamp

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hilips is claiming that it has created the world’s most energyefficient warm white LED lamp for general lighting applications.

Researchers at the company have developed a tube lighting (TL) replacement prototype that produces 200 lumens per watt of white light.

Until now, similar efficiency levels have been achieved in a cool and controlled lab setting or at a component level but when placing the solution in a lamp it could lose up to 50 per cent of its efficiency.

Similarly, yellow/green emitting LEDs obtained by phosphor conversion are extremely energy efficient (providing more than 380lm/W), but practically useless for general lighting purposes. The reason Philips is so pleased with the performance of the latest prototype is because it produces 200 lm/W without scarifying the colour rendering index and staying on the black body line.

Hacel's new iMod LED H

acel Lighting continues to develop its range of LED luminaires with its new iMod LED grid light module.

Describing it as having a reduced energy consumption alongside efficacies in excess of 79 lm/W, the company said its distinctively-styled iMod LED has a ribbed, polycarbonate refractor and micro fusion film that is fully compliant with the SLL Code for Lighting 2012. It offers luminance limits below 3000cd/ m2 at the 65 degree cut off.

Hacel said its iMod LED boasts outstanding performance with an LOR of 0.89. The iMod LED offers a choice of colour temperatures - 3000K, 4000K and 5000K, with selectable multi wattages of 24W and 36W. Designed and manufactured by Hacel within CREE test configuration guidelines, it uses CREE XT-E lighting class semi-conductors. The company said the iMod has a 50,000 hour lamp life and a three year warranty against total failure.

At the heart of this TLED is Philips Lumileds InGaN LED, recognised as a high-performing blue LED. The product combines blue, green and red light to create a white light with a CRI of greater than 80 and a CCT of 3000K to 4500K. “This again is a major breakthrough in LED lighting and will further drive the transformation of the lighting industry,” explains Rene van Schooten, CEO Light Sources & Electronics for Philips Lighting.

The 200lm/W TLED lamp is expected to hit the market in 2015 for office and industry applications before ultimately being used in the home.

Philips hopes it will be the product that finally unseats fluorescent lighting as the most energy-efficient technology for general lighting applications.

The iMod LED in a classroom

Coen Liedenbaum shows the Philips TLED prototype

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Lights, phones, action: Ericsson and Philips want to brighten your city while boosting your coverage

>>>

M

eet Zero Site, a new concept for street lighting that includes a tiny mobile base station.

Launched along with an innovative financing scheme, there are huge benefits to be had for municipalities, carriers and mobile users alike — but possible risks, too. Ericsson and Philips have developed a type of LED street light that comes bundled with a tiny mobile base station. It may sound like an odd or niche combination, but this Zero Site concept is designed to solve two common urban problems in an efficient way, that will coincidentally prove highly lucrative for the Swedish telecommunications equipment giant and the Dutch electronics conglomerate.

Those problems are the so-called mobile data explosion, and the increasing need for cities to cut their energy consumption. And for Ericsson in particular, the Zero Site scheme could see its equipment embedded into urban infrastructure in an unprecedented way.

Densification, illuminated The inexorable rise of the mobile device, particularly in this 4G era, is causing a change in the way cellular carriers design their networks.

People are using so much data that the traditional setup – a fairly widely distributed scattering of large mobile masts – can’t cope. So the current trend is towards network densification: smaller and more numerous access points that can serve more people and the gigabytes they want to use.

The question is, where do you put them? Answer: pretty much anywhere you can. Equipment makers like Ericsson are experimenting with all kinds of placements to make sure that there’s coverage from street level all the way up to the city skyline. A lamppost is about the ideal height for this sort of thing — and what’s more, it means discreet deployment and not having to pay for patches of real estate. Philips, meanwhile, is all about smart lighting these days, and it wants to sell its next-generation LED street lights to

municipalities. It says they use between 50 and 70 percent less energy than traditional sodium street lights, and as it happens those savings go even higher if you throw in smart controls.

“If you then add sensors that, for example, monitor traffic density and then make the street pole lighting react to whether it’s busy on the street or whether it’s 3 at night and there’s nobody on the street, you can go from 50 percent savings to 80 percent savings,” Philips CEO Frans van Houten told me. “We are giving cities the opportunity to manage city lighting in a better way, as all these light bulbs are part of the internet of things.”

So if Philips is embedding connectivity into its lights, why not see what else can be done with that connection?

Philips Ericsson Zero Site Meeting of minds Van Houten and Ericsson CEO Hans Vestberg started talking lights a year ago, when they met at the World Economic Forum – according to Vestberg, what they came up with is an alignment of strategies that is “unique” for two giants the size of Ericsson and Philips.

With Zero Site, Ericsson’s transmission kit goes in a protected enclosure at the top of the pole, twinned with that Philips smart light, with fiber or microwave providing the link to the internet.

Launched at Mobile World Congress in Barcelona on Monday, the system isn’t merely a product to be sold to municipalities with the promise of making savings: it’s an active revenue generator. The idea is that cities will be able to rent these small cells to mobile carriers that use Ericsson equipment – and there are a lot of those. Vestberg says Ericsson is the number 1 mobile broadband infrastructure supplier in the top 100 cities, with 2-3 carriers using its gear in most markets.

“We would do this in any case,” Vestberg told me. “This is just a

strong combination to do that quicker and reuse the infrastructure of the city. It’s all the win-wins for all the parties. The last consumer research we did, where we asked about the most important factors to live in a city, broadband and internet were top of the list. That plays very much for the competitiveness of the city. And if they want to compete… they need to have 21st century sustainability.”

Vestberg and van Houten see this as the ideal time to launch their concept. LED technology only has a single-digit percentage of the municipal lighting market now, but the Philips chief says public lighting can eat up more than half of a city’s budget, and there are also environmental factors to consider.

“Lighting-as-a-service” “As cities will change over their street pole infrastructure, this is a unique moment to go together with Ericsson and have an integrated value proposition and make all the street poles connected and smart,” van Houten said. “For municipalities, it will make the economics of upgrading street poles to LED, with the additional revenue they will get, even more attractive.

concern me that one telecoms supplier’s equipment would be embedded into the very fabric of the city in such a comprehensive way, with the lampposts themselves designed to hold Ericsson base stations. Wouldn’t it risk locking cities – and indeed the carriers operating in those cities – into using Ericsson and Philips for a long time?

Low upfront costs are attractive, but what about interoperability with alternative suppliers’ products?

“We’ve been working together on how our different infrastructure can work together,” Vestberg said.

“There’s no reason to start doing it with others right now.”

My concerns remain, but on the face of it this really is, as Vestberg puts it, “a win-win for the city, the population of the city and mobile operators.” A quietly successful pilot has already taken place with Verizon, and others are going on now.

“Hans and I said we are now ready for the world stage,” van Houten said. “We’re ready to roll it out on a mass scale in all parts of the world.”

“We also offer a new business model where we sell lighting-as-aservice, and we can fold the embedding of transmission equipment into this value proposition.”

Wait. “Lighting-as-a-service”?

“If you look at cities, much of the infrastructure is 25-30 years old,” van Houten explained. “There are still sodium lamps everywhere. It’s inefficient. We also know cities are cash strapped and don’t have capital expenditure budgets to upgrade, so we have teamed up with financing partners [and the municipalities can] pay for it out of their energy savings.”

Philips LED The efficiency and financial and environmental benefits of Zero Site are hard to argue with, but it does lightexpress | July-August 2016 | 33

Lighting the real world I

love gas-guzzling classic sports cars. That doesn’t mean we should use a 1968 Shelby to go to the grocery store, blogs James Bedell You can call me a heretic or a shill for the LED industry, but in a world where the polar ice caps are melting, it’s time for us to stop dithering about switching to a source with a rated 90 CRI [LED] instead of one with a rated 100 CRI [tungsten halogen].

Especially when we know how flawed the CRI scale actually is. Until sustainability is baked into our process as lighting designers our craft will always be wasteful.

I would say that the perfect can no longer be the enemy of the good when it comes to lighting design, but that would imply that tungsten is a perfect technology, which we all know it isn’t. I’m not just talking about how incredibly wasteful it is (90 per cent of the energy delivered to an incandescent lamp becomes heat, not light). I’m talking about all of the other problems tungsten halogen presents that traditionalist lighting designers tend to forget about when arguing for their source of choice. They will tell you that colour quality is better with halogen, as is consistency.

Here’s how that argument plays out in the real world: Imagine a stone lobby built for a financial institution. The day the space is finished, the lighting designer installs sixteen top-of-line constant colour MR16 lamps. As you enter, the texture of the far wall is improved by the festoon lamps installed in the wall pockets above.

The room looks beautiful. The richness of the stone is illuminated

by the warmth of the halogen. You could be forgiven for forgetting the hundreds of watts being burned in the room to create this ambiance.

Even as we suffer through a growing energy crisis, a room of this kind of beauty could be forgiven for using some extra wattage.

Three months go by and the mortality curve of halogen has started to take over. Half of the MR16s are performing more or less as they did the first day of the installation. The other half is 20 per cent dimmer and 300 degrees warmer in terms of colour temperature than they were at installation so much for colour and brightness consistency. The floor is subject to odd bright spots. What was a warm glow in the stone is now a yellowish tinge. Some of the festoon lamps have died, but no one notices yet.

Three more months go by and the MR16s are starting to die. The ones that are still operating are performing OK, but the colour is much warmer than when they were installed and they’ve lost 30 per cent of their lumen output. The facilities manager just knows that the lamps need to be replaced with a 50W MR16 so he orders some 50W MR16 floods, the cheapest one available. They are replaced as they die. So every lamp in the ceiling is at a different point in its curve. Some are brighter than others, some are warmer than others. More of the festoon lamps have died but it’s hard to change those lamps, so the building staff lives with some dull spots in the stone wall.

Fast forward another three months and the last of the constant colour lamps is about to die, the room has bright spots and darker spots and the reflectors on the cheap MR16s are already burning through leaving

34 | July-August 2016 | lightexpress

green halos of light. Half of the festoons have died and the richness and texture of the wall grazer is lost.

When lamps get replaced, its every other lamp, because it’s just too much work to get into that wall pocket. The lighting designer left the scene a long time ago. He has photographs in his portfolio of a beautifully lit lobby, but back in the real world, their beautiful all-halogen installation looks lousy.

Now try to imagine the same installation done with LEDs. Not only would thousands of watts of electricity be saved over the life of the installation, but because of the longer and flatter mortality curve of the LEDs the colour you approve on day one is actually the colour you will find six months, 12 months or 18 months into the future. Not only is LED a better option for the planet, but in the real world, where lighting maintenance is a real problem, LED ensures the integrity of the lighting design, long after the designer has left the scene.

So, let’s stop using the most beautiful applications of tungsten as justification for being wasteful everywhere. I don’t want to see tungsten outlawed. I love beautiful crystal chandeliers as much as the next light lover. I also love gasguzzling classic sports cars. That doesn’t mean we should use a 1968 Shelby to make a run to the grocery store. Most of the spaces we design must balance utility and aesthetic beauty. As beautiful as an incandescent chandelier is, perhaps its time to consider some beautiful energy efficient alternatives.

It’s time to get away from this false choice that we can only have beautiful light or sustainable light.

The real world demands that we create both.

lightexpress | July-August 2016 | 35

The Next LED Revolution is Control

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ith efficacy and service life steadily increasing and costs declining by about 18 percent each year (Memoori, 2014), the LED revolution continues to develop at a rapid pace. LED’s inherent compatibility with digital control, aided by other trends, is setting the stage for the next LED revolution: smart lighting control.

Many LED products are sold with dimming capability regardless of how the owner plans to control them. Drivers and controls are easily integrated. With smart lighting control, luminaires themselves can become addressable nodes in a network, transforming lighting from dumb, fixed-output systems into intelligent, highly flexible systems.

That, and a networking platform incorporating other building functions.

The primary driver is energy consumption with a bonus that dimming LEDs can extend service life by reducing lumen depreciation and delaying color shift. As more states adopt a commercial building energy code based on the ASHRAE/IES 90.1-2010 energy standard, demand will continue to increase for controllable lighting.

Besides these requirements, there is evidence owners and specifiers want more controllability. The Sylvania 2010 Commercial Lighting Survey found that 42% of its facility manager, lighting designer and other decision-maker respondents considered easier dimming and control of LEDs a major benefit.

The smart lighting trend started with conventional lighting. Digital hardwired lighting control provides the benefits of individual luminaire addressability, control zoning and rezoning using software, instant setup and remote calibration, and two-way communication providing performance analytics. The advent of

digital wireless control simplifies design and installation, facilitates penetration of sophisticated lighting control options in existing construction, and extends control to plug loads. The miniaturization of control devices enables integration of sensors and controllers within each luminaire. Finally, easier color control of LED lighting provides a new dimension of lighting control, which is white light color tuning; the applications for this capability, currently limited, may explode based on developing research into lighting’s relationship to health.

These trends, coupled with inherent compatibility with digital LED devices, laid the groundwork for greater adoption of intelligent lighting control as demand for LED lighting continues to accelerate.

They are being tied together into complete solutions featuring luminaires and controls as well as standalone control solutions.

Let’s look at some recently introduced solutions as examples, starting with Cree’s SmartCast Technology, available with select Cree luminaires or other luminaires with dimmable drivers, and Philips Lighting’s SpaceWise Technology, currently available as an option for the company’s DuaLED luminaires targeting open office applications.

Both feature luminaire-integrated occupancy and daylight sensing, two-way wireless mesh communication, and push-button setup with a handheld remote. These solutions offer a potentially simple, costeffective path to energy code compliance and energy savings of 50-70 percent compared to conventional uncontrolled T8 luminaires.

Acuity Controls’ XPoint and xCella wireless control solutions offer options as a standalone system or ability to work with other controls to

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enable implementation of a wireless or hybrid/wireless system offering integration with building management systems and monitoring and analytics software. While XPoint was developed lighting management and building applications, xCella targets room-based lighting, HVAC and plug loads, with the potential for networking between rooms.

Cooper Lighting’s LumaWatt solution, designed as a control platform for roadway, parking and outdoor area LED luminaires, features integral and/or remote sensors, scheduling, power metering and maintenance diagnostics.

Control solutions such as these bring the best of lighting control and LED illumination together in a way that maximizes energy savings, facilitates asset management, and simplifies implementation. But the best may be yet to come.

LED lighting has been called the “Trojan Horse” of the Internet of Things, and we’re at the frontier of this extraordinary revolution. The Internet of Things consists of uniquely identifiable objects represented within a network similar to the Internet. Digital lighting control networks already satisfy this definition but reflect only a fraction of the true potential to add value.

What makes the LED luminaire a Trojan Horse is it offers the ability to serve as infrastructure for additional onboard equipment and sensors that can collect and share temperature, occupancy and other data, opening a wide range of new applications. The real potential is to expand lighting’s value proposition from energy savings and longevity toward data and the business value that data can unlock.

What might this look like? In a commercial building, occupancy sensing (which could be video) embedded in LED luminaires could enhance security and building and resource management by monitoring internal traffic and spatial occupancy. In retail stores, sensors could track everything happening on store floors. In parking lots, sensors could guide visitors to open parking stalls and enhance security. Roadway and street lighting could collect traffic, temperature and pollution information. The list goes on. The

result is lighting that collects local data useful for strategic management and accumulates big data that fuels strategic ideas.

Besides collecting information, LED lighting can also be designed to enable communication with users. This could be as simple as incorporating public address capability in public spaces and as sophisticated as using visible light to talk to user mobile phones and camera-enabled tablets using downloaded apps. Acuity, GE and Philips are all demonstrating visible light communication solutions, which will allow owners such as big box retail stores to communicate with shoppers for wayfinding and targeted messaging.

Smart LED lighting takes the conversation about light from providing desired light levels for the lowest cost toward the benefits of total control. Lighting that generates big data, expands capabilities and adds business value in new ways. Lighting control is ready to play; the next stage in the game is integration—LED lighting as infrastructure, a platform.

We’re in the most exciting period in the history of the lighting industry, and the revolution is just getting started.

lightexpress | July-August 2016 | 37

Charge of the light brigade On visiting 89 stores across the UK, lighting consultants from Building Research Establishment found changing rooms that made clothing look ugly and sales floors that were uncomfortable for staff. Angeline Albert explains how poor in-store lighting and feedback from lighting designers resulted in a guide to energyefficient retail lighting “Typically, a lot of store lighting is not really as effective as it could be because a lot of it is not done by lighting professionals,” says Paul Littlefair, principal consultant for lighting at Building Research Establishment (BRE) and co-author of its Essential Guide to Retail Lighting, due out in July. This is why the building design consultancy’s new guide is aimed at anyone who becomes involved in lighting stores, including architects, interior designers, shop fitters and facilities managers.

The guidelines are based on first-hand experiences and observations of Littlefair and the other co-authors of the guide, the BRE’s senior lighting consultant Cosmin Ticleanu and lighting consultant Gareth Howlett, who documented details of 89 store visits made in 2011.

“If you go into a store and look up, a lot of the lighting is not working at any one time,” says Littlefair, who believes a maintenance strategy must be put in place to tackle this issue. This could take the form of a bulk replacement of fittings, using longer-life light sources such as LED instead of tungsten halogen, or the use of multi-lamp fittings so it is not as noticeable when one light goes out. The new guide recommends the creation of a maintenance schedule that includes regular lamp and luminaire cleaning routines and suggests measures for kick- starting more energy awareness among shop staff.

One recurring problem plaguing stores is the fact that spotlights are not repositioned in response to regularly changing displays. The guide suggests using multi-directional gimbal fittings that can swivel within their trunking, or dual-function downlights that can be recessed or brought out of a fitting to act as accent lights.

Changing rooms Store visits by the guide’s authors also showed that customers faced unflattering images of themselves in dimly lit changing rooms, while glare made sales staff uncomfortable. “We have seen cash desks with light sources directly pointed at sales staff, which could easily be avoided,” says Littlefair. The document recommends carefully aiming spotlighting and floodlighting to maximise the impact of displays while simultaneously reducing glare.

Lighting constitutes a major energy use in retail stores. A survey carried out by BRE revealed the average lighting power density was an inefficient 36W/m2 across the stores in its study, compared with an average of 10–12W/m2 in a modern office with efficient lighting.

The survey also found that the majority of retailers relied on traditional lighting solutions. Three-quarters of lamps were fluorescent and nearly half of the remainder were inefficient tungsten halogens.

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Littlefair said getting “energy-efficient lighting that enhances the appearance of a store and sales” should be possible – but this was not evident in the majority of stores he visited.

“We found that in some stores there was quite high energy usage; the highest usage was found in jewellery stores where tungsten halogen was fitted. One way to reduce that would be to use LEDs.” But, he warns, before buying LEDs, a careful assessment of the manufacturer’s data on lamp performance is required. Here, he encourages using a lighting designer to help consider elements such as the thermalmanagement properties of LED lamps. He says this is especially important when retrofitting LEDs into existing fittings, which could lead to LEDs getting hot and not working as well.

Staying with the guide’s central focus of energy efficiency, he says: “People don’t realise the importance of [the performance of] a luminaire and high light [output] ratio. By choosing a more efficient luminaire, you can get 50 per cent more light.”

The document goes on to suggest reducing general illuminance levels to make accent and display lighting really stand out, and recommends lighting perimeter walls and vertical surfaces to make spaces look bigger, brighter and more appealing.

It also explicitly recommends using energy-efficient LEDs and compact metal halide lamps, rather than tungsten halogen, for spotlighting and accent lighting. As one would expect, the guide explain basic lighting terms, cover the design principles of store lighting – such as finding the right balance between general, ambient and accent lighting – and uses case studies to illustrate best practice in different stores.

Littlefair says colour strategies for lighting are also explained in the guidelines. “Research has found warmer colours make people dwell in a store longer, while cooler colours make people leave more quickly. So, making a switch to cooler colours at closing time might not be a bad idea.”

Controlling nature In addition to this, there is much in the guide about how lighting works with daylight. “Daylight can increase sales in some circumstances.”

Littlefair refers to research done at Walmart stores in the US where customers spent more in stores with lots of daylight in comparison with those that had little natural light. The guide explains how more daylight can be introduced in various ways such as adding roof lights or an atrium. To stop daylight destroying the visual impact of a window display, however, introducing an awning, low-reflective glass or glazing that is tilted downwards could also help.

The document recommends controlling the admission of daylight, and using lighting controls to make the most of it and reduce lighting levels outside trading hours.

Controls for scene setting can also deliver efficiencies and help store managers select a different balance of lighting at different times of the day. “Essentially the advice is looking to hand some knowledge to those who are not lighting professionals to help increase the level of energy efficient lighting in stores,” says Littlefair.

The Essential Guide to Retail Lighting will be available at www. brebookshop.com from July.

SHOP OF HORRORS: BAD RETAIL LIGHTING PRACTICE

TECHNICOLOUR NIGHTMARE: This store ceiling is far from dreamy. The cluttered ceiling and mix of colour temperatures is more likely to induce migraines than encourage a shopping frenzy

outside. Neither side appears to be coming out on top and the merchandise in the window is suffering as a result. It’s pretty poor lighting practice to invite people to stare directly into a compact fluorescent lamp and there are other technologies that would be more suitable for this type of scenario.

“The eye is drawn to the big bright lamp, not the merchandise,” says Paul Nulty. “Some accent lighting is needed here. You should have higher levels of light during the daytime which is directed at the merchandise.” Theo Paradise- Hirst adds: “The choice of glazing

specification and lighting could be much better to transform the shoppers’ experience and draw attention back to the displays”.

TECHNICOLOUR NIGHTMARE This store ceiling is far from dreamy.

The cluttered ceiling and the mix of colour temperatures is more likely to induce migraines than encourage a shopping frenzy. Too much glare, a mixture of blue (cold) and warm lamps both front and back are shown here. This is a case of poor lamp matching and poor maintenance.

Bad Bling: Jewellery stores – which commonly use tungsten halogen lamps over more efficient technologies – are among the worst offenders when it comes to consuming vast quantities of energy

On the back of the study by Building research establishment (Bre), Lighting magazine decided to conduct its own investigation of stores in central london and southeast england. Retail specialists Paul Nulty, head of Paul Nulty lighting Design, Phil Caton from PJC light Studio?and theo Paradise-Hirst from lighting design consultants NDYliGHt were all on hand to give their views DAYLIGHT ROBBERY A fight seems to be taking place in this window display between the bright compact fluorescent lamps on the inside and the daylight on the lightexpress | July-August 2016 | 39

Using LED lighting in retail: Into Lighting's Jitrois design When Into Lighting started to design a lighting scheme for the French fashion house Jitrois on London’s Sloane Street, it knew it had to come up with a model that was as elegant, individual and impeccably executed as the clothes it would be illuminating.

The designers behind the refurbishment - Paris-based architect Christophe Pillet and fashion designer Jean-Claude Jitrois - had a vision for the store’s lighting scheme that was completely LED. It’s a challenge that, so far, has seldom been achieved, largely because of cost. However the combination of several factors, including the location, type of retailer and increasing affordability of LEDs, meant Into was able to turn this vision into a reality and produce a

watershed 100-per-cent LED design.

The store, on the prestigious Sloane Street, has formidable neighbours including Harvey Nichols, Cartier and Versace. Into director Russell Ford is the first to admit the brief was demanding, but said: “It was highend retail and high-end fashion - it was important to get it right.”

The Into team soon saw they needed to rework the original brief so they took it and came up with a design that delivered on both concept and budget.

The brief stipulated an increase in light levels, illuminating the merchandise, and being very energy efficient.

This had to be worked into a twofloor store, at ground level and basement, which had originally been

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lit with halogens, common in oldschool, high-end retail.

up a dimensions spec for each of the fittings.”

Jitrois by Into Lighting Pole position The dramatic acrylic rod chandelier, illuminated by LED modules fitted in the ceiling and around the luminaire, forms the centrepiece of the store while similar floor-to-ceiling rods form interior walls Reflective thinking

On the ground floor the main perimeter lighting for the clothes is provided by recessed, adjustable Photec AR111 LED gimbals set in a trough that runs throughout the store. The gimbals give a 20-degree beam of an 800 lumen warm white light, providing a tight beam and a low glare. Ford says he chose the AR111 LED because the final effect was similar to that of halogen, something he thought was in the vision of the architect John-Claude Jitrois who said he wanted to represent “the soft touch of candlelight on the skin”.

Finishes of black, acrylic and mirror were central to the design concept, but also central to Into’s challenge.

With so many reflective surfaces, how could it design a lighting scheme that didn’t reveal its unsightly mechanics?

“We had to look at each and every detail,” said Ford. “We had to draw

The store design includes floor-toceiling acrylic rods mounted on side walls. The original specification

included more than 300 2.5W recessed downlights to illuminate every rod, but this simply wasn’t within budget. Into used a surfacemounted linear warm white LED tape - 2,700K from Photec - which distributed 14.4W/m in a concealed detail washing light through the rods to equally dramatic effect.

On other walls and ceilings there are numerous mirrored surfaces, as well as a gentle strip of reflected light that runs horizontally across the top of the wall at the sides of the store.

Given the way the mirrors distort the actual boundaries of the store, this strip helps to create some definition between the walls and ceiling.

Individual LED modules were mounted in a ceiling void to directly to shine on top of each rod.

“We couldn’t have a nice neat matrix, the LEDs were suspended on a curve. The challenge was getting the setting out right and using strings of LED modules with the right string spacing,” said Ford.

The LED lighting around the chandeliers had to be slightly dimmed once the luminaires were in place to avoid overpowering the rest of the store. Again, AR111 LED gimbals were used, this time with 45-degree lamps dimmed by a Mode slider for this circuit alone.

“We spent a lot of time making sketches and having site discussions about each linear detail to avoid unsightly reflections of the tape by using small upstands and considering viewing angles,” said Ford.

Jitrois by Into Lighting Reflective surfaces distort the boundaries between wall and ceiling

A huge acrylic drop-rod chandelier gives the store its wow-factor centrepiece. These rods are illuminated by LED modules that are fitted both in the ceiling and around the edge of the luminaire. “Adjustable fittings in an angled ceiling slot detail light through the rods to add a bit of sparkle,” Ford says when he explains the functionality of the showpiece.

The candlelight mood extends into the changing rooms where AR111 LEDs were again used, complemented by a perimeter wash of light and a surface-mounted 2,700K linear led tape.

Changing moods

“We didn’t change the feel or temperature,” said Ford. “The lamp has this warmth and a good colour rendering index, which keeps it still quite muted despite the fact that it’s actually fairly well lit.”

Despite the challenges, according to Ford, highend retail is the perfect place to experiment with LED lighting and is likely to be the forerunner as retail converts to LED. Unfortunately Into couldn’t use LEDs in the window display, something that will hopefully change in the near future.

“LED have just about come into the right price bracket and the first place you’re likely to see purely LED projects is highend retail. Traditionally, it has lower lighting

and LEDs will be replaced where you still see halogen,” says Ford. “Most retail needs refitting in five years so, with LEDs, retailers didn’t get the payback. In the retail place it’s all about capital cost. The cost is making it possible.”

When it comes to trend setting, it seems the lighting industry looks to highend retail to lead the way in much the same way it does in fashion. lightexpress | July-August 2016 | 41

Osram Debuts Yellow Version of New Oslon Compact

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sram has introduced a new, yellow Oslon Compact LED. The new yellow Oslon Compact LED comes in a package measures just 1.5mm x 1.9mm x 0.7mm. Applications for the LED include its use in light guides, in turn signals, and daytime running lights. This high-power LED, based on indium gallium nitride (InGaN) has an output of more than 120 lumens even at high currents and application temperatures of 100° C (Tj in the chip). The yellow Oslon Compact adds to the company's two white versions.

Osram points out that new yellow Oslon Compact can be used in particular to create light guide solutions because of its small size. Light guides themselves measure less than 10 mm in diameter. For this reason, the LEDs have to be packed very close together. “For turn indicators or daytime running lights, the new Oslon Compact is suitable especially for light guide solutions, just like the other members of the product family,” said Andreas Geistreiter, Marketing LED Automotive at Osram Opto Semiconductors. “Thanks in particular to its high luminous efficacy and compact size it represents a further step in the direction of miniaturization and greater freedom of design, opening up such possibilities as quasi-3D effects. This special design element is of huge interest in the premium automotive segment, and thanks to the new Oslon Compact it is now easier for set makers to achieve.”

The yellow light from the new LED is not generated directly but by ceramic conversion from a blue chip, known as C² light converter technology. This technology, in combination with UX:3 chip technology, are the basis for the exceptionally high output and thermal stability of the Oslon Compact especially at high currents. At room temperature and 700 mA, the LED achieves a typical brightness of 140 lm. At application temperatures of 100° C (Tj in the chip) the Oslon Compact still achieves the 120 lm.

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New Cree CXA High-Density LED Arrays Have Unprecedented Lumen Density

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urham North Carolina-based Cree Inc., has launched three new LED arrays with double the light output of existing CXA LED arrays without increasing the size.

According to Cree, the XLamp® CXA2590, CXA1850 and CXA1310 High-Density LED Arrays have an unprecedented increase in lumen density. Cree asserts that this new level of lumen density creates new levels of light intensity, enables the complete replacement of ceramic metal halide (CMH) light sources, expands the abilities of LED spotlights, and makes possible applications that could not be addressed by previous LED technologies.

“The beauty of these new highdensity LED arrays from Cree is that they are helping us bring products to the market that currently don’t exist,” said Mike Wang, vice president, lighting engineering, Edison Price Lighting, Inc. “Never before have we been able to harness such a large amount of light in such a small package, which can help us improve our lighting designs and address a number of applications that we previously could not.”

Cree says that the CXA2590 Array's emission of more than 15,500 lumens from a 19 mm light source, makes possible luminaires with the same center beam candlepower (CBCP) and light quality of a 150-

watt CMH light source at lower power, with longer lifetime and better control. Delivering more than 9,000 lumens from a 12 mm light source, the CXA1850 LED Array provides the same CBCP and light quality as 70-watt CMH while using half the power. Cree notes that the CXA1310 LED Array delivers more than 2,000 lumens in a 6 mm light source. According to Cree, this gives lighting manufacturers the opportunity to design smaller, more efficient track lights, reduce the size of halogen replacements by half and deliver twice the CBCP of CMH at 30 percent less power.

“Having access to such intense light sources without having to account for lots of variation in size is a tremendous benefit to our product design process,” said Seok-Ki Park, CEO, Hwang-Duck Engineering Co., LTD. “We have the flexibility to increase our design options while protecting our investment in ongoing product development.”

Like all CXA LED Arrays, the new arrays are characterized and binned at 85°C, available in ANSI White and EasyWhite® color temperatures (2700K – 6500K), and with CRI options of 70, 80 and 95. Samples of all three new high-density LED arrays are available now and production quantities are available with standard lead times.

lightexpress | July-August 2016 | 43

LED lighting yet to make impact in retail sector

Samsung Launches New LEDs for Mobile Devices

The retail sector has not yet taken up LED lighting in any significant amount, according to the latest research from BRE.

Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., has introduced a variety of LED component solutions for advanced mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets.

Samsung’s new LEDs for mobile devices include two reflector-integrated flash LED packages, the 3432 1.8t (FH341A) and 3432 1.4t (FH341B); plus a flip-chip flash LED 2016 (FH201A); as well as two side-view LEDs, the 3810 0.6t (MS062F) and 3810 0.8t (MS082F). Samsung will showcase the new LED products at the Mobile World Congress at Fira Gran Via in Barcelona, Spain, February 24-27 (Hall 2, Booth 2G40). Samsung plans to start mass producing the new mobile-market LEDs in March. Then they will begin appearing in the open market in the second quarter.

BRE undertook a survey of retail lighting in the Watford area in 2011. It looked at shopping centres and retail parks, supermarkets and high street shops.

The results showed that fluorescent T8 and T5 dominate the sector, particularly in retail parks and on the high street.

It recently revisited the shops to find out how the landscape had changed. It found that very few shops had changed their lighting scheme to LED. Although LEDs were used in display cabinets, there wasn’t a big change from halogen.

Gareth Howlett, researcher at BRE, presented the findings. He said: “In the last week or so we revisited the area. We found a few shops had changed lighting, we could see one that had a retrofit installed. The results suggest about 10 per cent of shops in the UK use LEDs in some form.”

The BRE team found 1 per cent of shops were fully LED. Although the survey is a snapshot of a small town, BRE extrapolated that less than 5 per cent of UK current retail lamp stock is LED. This is an estimated increase of 3.5 per cent from 2011, when the survey suggested 1.5 per cent of stock was LED. The 2011 results made an estimate that 40.7 per cent of UK stock in retail lighting was fluorescent T8. The second biggest share went to fluorescent T5s, with 22.4 per cent. Next was halogen with 11.9 per cent, followed closely by CFL with 11 per cent.

The results were revealed at the BRE conference on ‘Achieving effective and energy efficient retail lighting’ this week, where BRE launched its new Retail Lighting Guide.

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Samsung’s new reflector-integrated flash LEDs enable a wide FOV (Field of View), within a small space through the integration of a light source, a lead frame, and a reflector with its own optics and diffusion features. A wide FOV is required for better picture quality. Samsung’s new reflector-integrated flash LED, the 3432 1.8t (FH341A) delivers over 165 lux at 1A and a minimum CRI (Color Rendering Index) of 80, assuring quality photos in daylight and at night. The next Galaxy smartphone which is expected to be introduced later this month, will use the 3432 1.8t.

Samsung’s new reflector-integrated flash LED line-up includes the 3432 1.4t (FH341B), which is extra slim for mobile OEMs seeking LED solutions. The 3432 1.4t package incorporates a reflector and is only 1.4mm thick, a thickness ideal for smartphones and tablets thinner than 7mm. In addition, it provides a minimum illuminance level of 165 lux.

The newly launched standard flash LED 2016 (FH201A) employs Samsung’s flip-chip packages. The company applies a thin film of phosphor upon these packages. The film uses the company's proprietary cell-film phosphor technology. Samsung’s 2016 offers 220lm of light output and reduces color deviation by approximately 40 percent compared the company's packages with dispensed phosphor on each chip. Unlike traditional mobile Flash LED products, this more affordable LED solution also delivers a high level of color quality.

Energy efficient lamps diminish the threat of power cuts claims academic

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n Oxford academic is claiming that energy efficient lighting has played a significant role in reducing energy demand in Britain and will help to militate against the threat of fullblown power cuts as the nation’s ageing power stations are mothballed.

Brenda Boardman of the University of Oxford’s Environmental Change Institute revealed, in a talk at the Radical Emission Reduction Conference at the Royal Society in December, that the UK has ‘passed peak light bulb.’ This means the average amount of electricity needed annually to light a UK home has fallen from 720kWh in 2007 to 508kWh in 2013 – a 31 per cent reduction in 15 years.

“Lighting is a big contributor to peak demand – that’s completely understandable,” she told Lighting.

“If you think about the shortest day which falls in December, it gets dark in the early afternoon, the lights come on, the Christmas lights come on and you’ve got this very temporary demand with little overlap for other parts of the day. It’s the peak that determines the size of the whole system, so anything that cuts the size of peak demand – such as low-energy light bulbs – reduces

capacity. This would cause lighting to dim but not go out completely.

the risk of a power shortage.”

Peak demand fell from 61.5 gigawatts to 57.5 gigawatts between 2007 and 2012 and Boardman argues that this coincided with the timed phase out of incandescent lamps. She went on to suggest that newspaper stories that talked about the threat of blackouts were inaccurate in the main, because the National Grid would merely reduce power rather than switching it off altogether if there was a shortage of

Boardman credited the phase out of incandescent lamps for the reduction in peak demand and argued that it would make it easier for the UK to maintain its electricity supply as the most polluting coalfired power stations are mothballed and the country waits for energy from renewables and new nuclear power stations to kick in. As reported in the April issue of Lighting, the risk of power shortages has risen recently after power stations such as the Kingsnorth plant in Kent have been closed owing to new EU pollution laws.

Power shortages are most likely at times of peak demand. The electricity grid is designed with enough capacity to cope with this brief peak and because lighting is such a big contributor to peak demand, Boardman argued that it represents the low-hanging fruit in terms of energy reduction policies. lightexpress | July-August 2016 | 45

What's with the halogens?

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ighting systems that are designed for halogen lamps now will have to be retrofitted with LEDs further down the line. It’s high time we started designing for LEDs from the ground up blogs Iain Ruxton Last week, I stayed in a very cool boutique hotel in a Scandinavian capital city. It was, I must admit, rather lovely and luxurious. All the gadgets – big TV with an Android tablet to control it, great coffee machine, fast internet, I could even easily make sense of the lighting control (see opinion page passim, as Private Eye would say). Cool but timeless décor, fabulous pillowage, rain shower… all the trimmings that come with this kind of place. All shiny and new… it’s only been open a couple of months or so.

But what about the lighting? Well, pretty nice design. Looked and felt good. A female colleague noted the bathroom was a bit dim for doing makeup and, with that opinion in

mind, I looked again – I’ll admit a good shave would have been tricky.

But hey, I don’t shave much. Maybe I’m officially cool. Or just scruffy.

What shocked us was the quantity of filaments in the place. There were LEDs too, but there was a lot of tungsten-halogen MR16. In a hotel in a European capital that opened this year?

Does this represent a lack of knowhow on the part of the designers?

Or a lack of budget? What’s the long-term plan, if there is one? Has the project been specified with the intention that all the halogen will be re-lamped with retrofit LED when the time comes? Is the assumption that retrofit LED lamps in MR16 and other small form-factors will represent a genuine replacement by then? That they will be able to deliver the same amount of light, the same look and feel, the same controllability in highend, super-cool, luxury hotel rooms, restaurant, bar and lobby spaces? I’m not suggesting LED as a technology can’t deliver the

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required light, but in retrofit form on existing controls?

We all know there are credible retrofits around, but we also know they aren’t as good as an LED fixture designed from the ground up, based around a good module system or created as a peak design.

In small form-factors, it’s very hard to fit in enough LEDs to generate the required output, enough thermal management to sink the heat and good enough drive electronics to dim smoothly on existing control systems. It’s extra-hard to make all of it of sufficiently high quality to actually deliver the longevity and efficiency that should constitute the big positives of LED. There is no doubt there is a vast market for retrofits – the global installed base of halogen and conventional tungsten is mindbogglingly massive and most users won’t want to immediately rip out and replace entire installations when the lamps get phased out in their

country. It is essential to these users – and hugely profitable to the lamp manufacturers – that good retrofit LED solutions continue to be brought to market.

In the long term however, surely retrofits are an intermediate stage?

Albeit one that may last a long time, especially in domestic settings. Isn’t it slightly disturbing to see commercial projects being designed and built now that rely on making a retrofit-based compromise later, rather than maximising the benefits of LED by designing for LED from the ground up?

Philips partners with Dubai Global consultation on LED government for LED lighting street lighting launched

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hilips is to supply LED lighting to 262 buildings in Dubai in an agreement between the company and Dubai’s government.

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world-wide consultation on street lighting has been launched by The Climate Group and Philips.

A memorandum of understanding, signed by the director general of Dubai Municipality, Hussain Nasser Lootah and the CEO of Philips Lighting, Eric Rondolat, will see the municipality’s buildings converted from conventional to intelligent LED lighting over a three-year period.

Launched at the Future of Urban Development session at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, it aims to find out more about the barriers to the adoption of LED street lighting in cities and identify how these barriers can be overcome.

The changes could reduce the amount of energy used for lighting by more than 50 per cent or 10.5GWh per year, and reduce the municipality’s annual carbon emissions by 6,200 tons.

Harry Verhaar, global head of public affairs at Philips Lighting, said: “The urgency to combat climate change, and the potential of energy efficient LED lighting to help tackle this has been recognised.”

“The Dubai Municipality has pledged to reduce its energy consumption by 20 per cent over the next three years, and we can do so by adopting innovative solutions, such as LED lighting,” said Mr Lootah. “Becoming more energy efficient will help us protect and sustain our environment for generations to come.”

The consultation will run until the autumn and meetings with representatives from cities and regions and the LED industry are planned, including in destinations such as Brazil, Hong Kong, Beijing, Europe, India, the US and the Gulf Region. It will look at areas including the benefits of LEDs, LED financing, smart lighting, standards and the socio-economic impact.

He added: “We are pleased to take this next step with Philips as they share our vision and have provided a solution that meets the needs of the growing city.”

Mark Kenber, CEO of The Climate Group, said: “The monetary and civil benefits of LEDs are clear; they will save our cities money and create safer environments to live and work in. We now need to scale up the use of energy efficient lighting across our cities.”

Commenting on the project, Mr Rondolat said: “Philips is proud to partner with the Dubai Municipality, as together we will shape a healthier and more sustainable future for residents in the city.”

As part of the project, Philips will also provide on-site education and training for energy efficiency.

The consultation comes as the European Commission outlines its plans for climate and energy policy until 2030. The plans include a target to reduce carbon emissions by 40 per cent from 1990 levels and an EU-wide target for at least 27 per cent renewable energy. The framework is still to be debated by the European Council and European Parliament.

lightexpress | July-August 2016 | 47

The worldwide standard for home and building control

Web visualization for display and operation of KNX plants IP Control Center – control of lighting, solar protection, heating, ventilation and air conditioning via web-compatible end devices

Ease of operation thanks to straightforward, full-graphic visualization The IP Control Center is a visualization controller of compact design. It features a freely configurable user interface, offering intuitive operation and display of KNX devices. Lighting, solar protection, heating, ventilation and air conditioning can be displayed via web-compatible end devices such as PCs, laptops, smart phones or tablets – matched to user profiles with different access authorities. To handle comprehensive building and room functions, up to 1250 KNX objects are available. In addition, there are powerful application modules for scene control, scheduler programs, alarm reporting and logic functions for use in connection with central control. These modules can be easily matched to holiday schedules, user needs, occupancy times, etc., and can be changed at any time.

Web editor for flexible and intuitive engineering Engineering is straightforward via ETS and the web editor, which is preinstalled for display by any browser. So, no extra software is required. Using the web editor, a wide choice of symbols and operating elements can be arranged per drag-anddrop. The user interface can be configured to meet individual needs by embedding own elements or elements provided by an extensive library. There is a choice of six different styles.

Efficient maintenance and commissioning via KNX interface The built-in KNX interface facilitates commissioning of KNX plant. Using an extra router, KNX plant can be maintained from a remote location.

Highlights ■

Ease of operation thanks to full-graphic and individually configurable user interface

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Convenient remote control via web-compatible end devices such as tablets or smart phones

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Straightforward and intuitive engineering via web editor without additional software

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Cost benefit thanks to builtin commissioning interface to KNX plants

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Reduced effort owing to remote maintenance and remote commissioning

www.siemens.com/ip-control-center

The New House: A Model of Energy Efficiency USING LESS ENERGY

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ll around the world, homes are one of the biggest sources of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. But as concerns about the environment and global warming have intersected with rising energy prices, more and more people want homes that use less energy. How can we build houses that are energy efficient?

There are many ways to make a new building energy efficient. Insulation can be added to exterior walls,

ceilings and attics, basements, around heating and cooling ducts, and in framed floors. Covers and dampers on vents to the outside or unheated or cooled areas (such as exhaust fans and attic entries) also help save energy. Energy-efficient windows, doors and appliances add to the energy savings.

Energy efficiency occurs in two ways. First, the house must be able to maintain a comfortable indoor temperature for the climate, using the least amount of energy possible.

And a building that loses less energy is a building that uses less energy.

Second, the appliances that run the house—the heating and cooling systems, lights, kitchen and other appliances—must be energy efficient. When both of these overall

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approaches are maximized, the house will use less fossil fuels and electricity, thus reducing CO2 emissions.

systems to use for heating and cooling, insulation, windows, lighting, appliances and electronics, water, and waste disposal.

The simplest route to energy efficiency: start from scratch, by building a new house. A new house can easily incorporate some of the techniques from passive heating and cooling, along with building materials—old and new—and appliances that help minimize the use of electricity or fossil fuel. The construction of an energy-efficient home requires careful and detailed planning using what is called a “whole-house systems approach.”

The approach looks at the interaction between the home, the environment, and the people who live there, to determine the best

Building Standards to Save Energy Santa Monica Civic Center Parking Structure The Santa Monica Civic Center Parking Structure, in Santa Monica, California, was built to LEED standards. It runs on solar power, uses fluorescent lighting and reclaimed water for landscaping and toilets, and is built partly from recycled materials.

Some countries have created programs to indicate energy-efficient

appliances. In the United States, the Energy Star symbol can be found on a wide range of products, including building materials and appliances.

Around the world, countries, states, and cities have developed voluntary “green” building standards. In the United States there is a certification program called LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design), which has been created by the nonprofit U.S. Green Building Council. It rates all aspects of design, construction, and operation, mostly for large-scale construction, such as government buildings, schools, and commercial spaces.

The LEED system has been adopted in several countries, including India, Israel, and Canada. The Standards

and Industrial Research Institute of Malaysia has recommended green building standards for that country.

In the United States, the city of Boulder, Colorado, has developed its own elaborate point system for energy-efficient building. Architectural designs will not be approved unless they earn a certain number of points, for such elements as insulation, precast concrete foundations, planting of shade trees, and energy-efficient windows. The Boulder program also requires that houses be disassembled rather than torn down and that at least 65% of those materials be recycled.

energy efficient. In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency created the “Energy Star” program in 1992 for this purpose. More recently, the agency has designated Energy Star buildings as well. There are other nonprofit agencies that promote different aspects of energy efficiency around the world. One example is the Alliance to Save Energy, which is based in the United States but supports programs to increase energy efficiency around the world, in places such as China and Eastern Europe.

There are also programs to label appliances and products that are lightexpress | July-August 2016 | 51

Lighting your way to a more energy-efficient home

L

ighting your home accounts for roughly 5% of its total energy usage—for the average U.S. family, that equates to around $110 each year. Luckily, switching to energy-efficient lighting is one of the fastest and easiest ways to reduce your energy consumption and keep

more of that money in your pocket.

your lightbulbs.

Efficient lighting is so essential to a sustainable home that it can even count for up to two points in LEED BD+C: Homes if the project team is able to use energy-efficient fixtures and lamps to meet residents' illumination needs while reducing the home's total wattage from set baselines.

Compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs)

But for those of you looking to up your efficiency game without designing an entirely new home don't worry, you can still make a major difference with a few easy doit-yourself changes, starting with

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You've probably seen those peculiarly spiral-shaped light bulbs on a recent trip to the grocery store.

While their contours may have caught your eye, what you should really pay attention to is their energysaving potential. Results vary slightly depending on design, but replacing the old lightbulbs in your house with CFLs dramatically reduces your energy consumption— ENERGYSTAR®-qualified CFLs use approximately 75% less energy than

traditional incandescents! Plus, CFLs can last up to 10 times as long.

While the initial cost may be higher, these bulbs pay for themselves in less than nine months, and continue to deliver energy savings long after.

The trick to getting the most out of your new CFLs is proper installation and maintenance. These bulbs are sensitive to extreme temperatures, so be sure to use them in open fixtures rather than enclosed or recessed ones, which reflect heat around the bulb and consequently reduce its lifespan. You'll also maximize your energy savings by keeping lights with CFLs on for at

least 15 minutes at a time, something to keep in mind before you flip that switch to the "on" position.

Since CFLs do contain small amounts of mercury it is important to properly recycle them after use, and to take special precautions in the event that one breaks. Find tips on cleanup and safe disposal.

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) LED bulbs are a more recent development in the world of efficient lighting. These bulbs use only 20-25% of the amount of energy consumed by incandescents, and they last approximately 25 times as long. Due to more durable designs, LEDs can be used both indoors and outside, and are available in a range of colors for anyone looking to add a little extra flare to their space.

While incandescents and CFLs emit light in all directions simultaneously, LEDs emit light in one specific

direction. This enables them to be more efficient, but also means a little extra consideration has to go into how they are used or which particular LED bulb you buy. For example, you might not want to use an LED bulb in a table lamp, since the light will be directed straight toward the ceiling, unless you've purchased a bulb specifically designed to mimic the spherical light emission of CFLs. As with CFLs, heat management is the most critical factor in ensuring the life of your LEDs—higher operating temperatures mean faster degradation, so it's important to be sure to purchase bulbs that are compatible with your fixtures.

Picking the right bulb Since CFLs and LEDs use so much less energy than traditional incandescents, knowing which bulbs will suit your lighting needs may take a little time to figure out. To match the light intensity of the bulbs

you're replacing check the package of your new bulbs for lumens (an indicator of brightness), rather than watts (a measure of energy use).

Use the chart below to get started.

CFLs and LEDs also come in a variety of color temperatures, another thing to keep in mind when you're trying to decide which bulb is right for you. Color temperature is measured on the Kelvin scale, ranging between 2700K and 6500K. The lower the K value, the warmer the light (meaning it gives off a more yellow tone); the higher the K value, the cooler the light (giving off a more blue tone).

Dimmers and sensors Want to take your lighting efficiency overhaul to the next level? Consider installing some of these features throughout your home to further maximize your energy savings.

Dimmers: dimming switches enable greater control over indoor lighting, rather than simply turning a light on or off. Dimming a light reduces its

wattage and output, saving energy and increasing the lifespan of some lightbulbs. Check the packaging to make sure the lightbulbs you're using are compatible with the equipment you install.

Occupancy Sensors: these devices automatically turn lights on when someone enters a room, and turn them off again after a short period of inactivity—perfect for those of us who just can't seem to remember to flip the switch once we leave the room. Sensors come in two varieties, ultrasonic (which detect sound) and infrared (which detect heat and motion). Just be sure to place your sensors where they will detect activity in every part of the room.

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lightexpress | July-August 2016 | 53

HUNT Dimming Announces Simplicity® PhotoSlide™ Lighting Controller photoslideHUNT Dimming, the Fort Collins, CO-based manufacturer of lighting products, has launched the Simplicity ® PhotoSlide™ lighting controller, which combines manual dimming and daylight harvesting control in a single wall-mounted device.

T

he versatile slide controller allows users to switch (ON/ OFF) or dim (continuous raise/ lower without flicker from full output to five percent) both fluorescent and LED lighting, with a choice of 120V or 277V power supply and single-pole or three-way configuration. Additionally, an onboard light sensor automatically reduces light output and energy consumption in response to available daylight by maintaining a target illumination level, providing ongoing energy cost savings during daylight hours. Ideal for any space receiving ample daylight and requiring manual control, from classrooms to private offices, the PhotoSlide™ offers opportunities for commercial building energy code compliance in new construction and a simple energy-saving retrofit in existing buildings.

to accommodate specifier, contractor and owner needs: stateof-the-art Simplicity® Series digital systems that answer the most demanding of architectural and energy management needs, including sophisticated closed-loop daylighting applications; simple-touse, easy-to-understand analog slides that satisfy clients with more basic dimming needs; small, highpower, modular “mini-systems” that provide great value where singlepoint-of-control is all that is required; our industry leading Simplicity® LED Controllers which provide infinitely variable control for state-of-the-art LED drivers and lamps, and more than 200 specialty and hard-to-find wallbox dimmers that are kept in stock and shipped same day.

HUNT's 12 circuit rack is the industry's smallest, lightest-weight, convection-cooled dimming panel.

As a low-voltage control device, the PhotoSlide™ controller installs quickly and easily, using only lowvoltage wiring. Up to 50 dimmable ballast-driven light fixtures can be connected to a single controller.

HUNT Dimming Dimming. It’s all we do. Since 1960.

HUNT's 12 circuit rack is the industry's smallest, lightest-weight, convection-cooled dimming panel.

HUNT Dimming proudly celebrates its golden anniversary in 2010. This represents 50 years of manufacturing innovative architectural dimming systems, LED controllers and wallbox dimmers! The company manufactures a full-line of dimming solutions that are flexible in design 54 | July-August 2016 | lightexpress

Custom LCD Touchscreens are available in many foreign languages, with international symbols or utilizing your AutoCAD layout drawings. LCD Touchscreens are also I/R compatible.

Simplicity® LED Controller provides infinitely variable control for state-ofthe-art LED drivers and lamps.