COUNCIL NEWS
26
HAWAII FISHING NEWS
BRFAs Reopened in Hawaii: If You Open Them, Will They Come? by Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council (WPRFMC)
Bottomfish at the Honolulu Fish Auction. Photo courtesy of B. Gomes.
Four areas closed to bottomfish fishing around Hawai‘i were reopened in January 2019, but their conservation benefit is uncertain due to data quantity and quality concerns. Photo courtesy of PIFG, taken off Lehua Rock, north of Ni‘ihau.
Locally harvested bottomfish are an important marine resource in Hawai‘i, not only economically, but also culturally and socially. The fishery comprises seven deep-water species—‘opakapaka, onaga, ehu, hapu‘upu‘u, kalekale, gindai and lehi— known as the Deep-Seven bottomfish complex. The primary federal management framework is through a quota-based system previously called total allowable catch, but more recently called annual catch limit in response to the Magnuson-Stevens Act reauthorization in 2006. The primary state management framework is through an area-based closure system, or bottomfish restricted fishing areas (BRFAs). These measures were enacted in response to an overfished stock status determination in 2000. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center completed a Deep-Seven stock status update in 2021 (Syslo et al., 2 021), which showed that as of 2018, the complex is healthy and can continue to be sustainably harvested. In fact, compared to the previous stock assessment through 2015 (Langseth et al., 2018), the Deep-Seven biomass has increased as the harvest rate decreased.
This recent evaluation provides a more optimistic outlook for the species than the 2000 overfished designation. New Year’s is always a popular time for consumers to buy fresh fish, especially red bottomfish like onaga and ehu, which are said to bring good luck. This year, bad weather at the end of December caused the volume coming into the Hawai‘i market to be the lowest seen in several years, according to Honolulu Fish Auction Manager Michael Goto. Onaga prices peaked at $38 per pound, with fish coming mainly from larger bottomfishing boats. A similar situation could happen for the Chinese New Year, although the weather tends to improve by February, potentially allowing small boats to go out. The Hawai‘i Board of Land and Natural Resources (BLNR) discussed reopening some of the 19 BRFAs originally closed in 1998 with the Hawai‘i Division of Aquatic Resources (DAR) based on the improved stock status for the Deep-Seven bottomfish complex, recommendations from the Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council (the Council) and its Scientific and Statistical Committee (SSC), and requests from the fishing community.
The BLNR ultimately approved the motion to reopen four BRFAs in January 2019, including BRFA C (Po‘ipu, Kaua‘i), BRFA F (Penguin Bank), BRFA J (Hana, Maui) and BRFA L (Leleiwi, Hawai‘i island). The BLNR asked the DAR to provide a report in three years (January 2022) on the bottomfish stock status, along with an impact evaluation of reopening the four BRFAs for consideration in discussions of opening the remaining BRFAs. The DAR gathered catch and effort data from fishers that harvested bottom fish in the reopened BRFAs and revised the reporting grids to separate open and closed areas. The DAR reported on the available data at the September 2021 SSC and Council meetings. However, the agency had concerns about data accuracy and quantity because the information seemed to indicate possible underreporting of catch and effort in the reopened areas. Possible data issues could stem from a lack of awareness of the requirement to report fishing activity in the reopened BRFAs, a lack of enforcement in the areas when they were still closed, or other factors leading to misreporting. continued . . .
BRFAs Reopened in Hawaii
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© August 2022 Hawaii Fishing News All Rights Reserved 406
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Three Mile Limit Bottomfish Closed Area A, B, D, E, G, H, K, M Patterns Tradewind Flow andReopened Velocities in Knots Bottomfish Area Under Average Conditions C, F, J, L (as of April 2020) Tide Time diff erence Three Mile Limit © August 2021 Hawaii Fishing News. All Rights Reserved. Tradwind Flow Patterns and Velocities in Knots 908 Under Average Conditions Tide 2000 Time Difference 1700
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A bottomfish restricted fishing area (BRFA) is an area designated by the Hawai‘i Division of Aquatic Resources in which it is unlawful for any person to take or possess bottomfish while in a vessel that is drifting or anchored within the area.
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References: Langseth B., Syslo J., Yau A., Kapur M., Brodziak J. 2018. Stock Assessment for the Main Hawaiian Islands Deep 7 Bottomfish Complex in 2018, With Catch Projections Through 2022. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-PIFSC-69, 217 p. Syslo J., Brodziak J., Carvalho F. 2021. Stock Assessment Update for the Main Hawaiian Islands Deep 7 Bottomfish Complex in 2021, With Catch Projections Through 2025. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-PIFSC-118, 212 p.
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. . continued
Inaccurate information complicates efforts to assess the effects of this management framework and its phased reopening. The SSC agreed with the DAR’s data concerns and suggested that there may be distrust among the fishing community related to the establishment of the BRFAs that has led to misreporting and/or underreporting of fishing activity. The SSC reiterated its recommendation since 2013 to eliminate all BRFAs in federal waters, due to the change in stock status since their establishment and because their management utility has been replaced by annual catch limits. The SSC noted that the lack of baseline data prior to the closure of the BRFAs means that current fishing catch and effort in those areas cannot be compared to anything. The SSC also recommended that the DAR continue to improve its fishery-dependent data collection through better fisher engagement to effectively manage the Deep-Seven bottomfish fishery. Creating open lines of communication with the fishing community can help efforts to collect relevant information on local fisheries and assist management efforts. In the absence of trustworthy information, it is difficult for fisheries managers to make concrete decisions about implementing or removing management measures. With accurate data, fisheries managers can make informed decisions to ensure the long-term sustainability of important fish resources. 20 18 . . 1.6 the Council
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OPEN LINES
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FEBRUARY 2022
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