Children Essays

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The use of the cell phones by the children for the communication purposes is a topic that has advantages as well as disadvantages. The advantages include the access to the knowledge (possible on cell phone with Internet), entertainment, online social gathering and making friends, connectedness with parents in troublesome times such as earthquake, flood and storm etch when the children are away from home. Other advantages include checking the educational progress of the children by the parent on the cell phone from the schools and evaluating their progress. The disadvantages include wastage of time, damage to brain health, moral negativity, and bad company for the children and the blackmailing of the parents of the children by others who make friendships with the children. Solutions include the careful monitoring and observation of the cell phones of the children by the parents. INTRODUCTION

The use of the cell phones has revolutionized the modern world in a significant manner. The cell phone technology has influenced and affected every individual irrespective of the age, from children to the old ones. In this situation when the cell phone has become a need for the society, it has brought benefits as well as negative points to its use and application. This paper specifically addresses the issues associated with the advantages and disadvantages of the use of the cell phone by the children for communication. The children get the advantages as well as the

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Day–care is a place where children ranging from as little as one month, to any other age, are taken care of during the day. This could be due to the parents being too busy to take care of them during the same time, either due to work, school, or other time consuming obligations. Day–care therefore provides alternative care for little children, when their parents are away. This is widely criticized by a large number of people who believe that children should not be left under the care of strangers. The idea of taking children to day–care is unacceptable by a good number of people. They probably think this way, becausedaycare involves putting someone else in the 'parenting' picture; as far as spending time with, and caring...show more content...

Interactions of children with others of their age fosters the sense of community, hence socializing is learnt very early in life. This is an indispensable skill that any child can use for the rest of their lives as they become more exposed to different people around them with the passage of time.

Moreover, day–care also helps in making children more prepared for school. This is because the routine in most day cares is planned to keep children of all ages busy with age appropriate activities, based on interest theme. For instance, routine in a day care such as Childcare Systems includes circle time as well as individual learning time, play time, snack time, lunchtime and rest time. These enhance learning at a preschool level, in that they develop their minds so much in the process of what they may consider to be play. There is also literary exposure in the form of stories, poems, rhymes, as well as self–expression through art, music and movement. For the younger children, precision of fine motor skills such as walking is attained much faster in daycare, as this is actually one of the objectives that caregivers tend to focus on with the toddlers. Language development is another area of major concentration in day cares, as the children are encouraged to communicate and express themselves. Those who learn how to talk first normally play a big role

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Fieldwork Paper

Fieldwork Paper

Observation:

For my observation program, I was placed in the Progressive School of Long Island, located in Merrick. I was assigned to work with Kindergartners under the supervision of teachers Jennifer Frank and Sangeeta Patel. It was explained to me that the students at this school learn at their own pace, and that is what separates them from public school children. They are usually ahead of children their age, however. For example, the Kindergartners I observed were learning from first grade math text books. The classroom was uniquely set up. There are no desks in the room, besides the teachers...show more content...

The children arrive at school around 8:40 in the morning. They assemble in the gym for morning announcements. The school holds grades kindergarten through seventh grade. There is only one class per grade. At 9:00, the children are moved into their classrooms. The kindergartners do their school work in the morning. Therefore, I was not able to sit in through the actual teaching parts of any class, since I did my observations in the afternoon. The rest of their afternoon is usually spent in free play. 12:00 is lunch time. There is no cafeteria inside the school, so the children bring their own food and eat inside their classrooms. There are vending machines in the building though, which the students have access to. there is a snack machine which contains potato chips, fritos, and other bagged chips, nutrigrain bars, and kudos bars. The drink machine contains Veryfine juices, yoo–hoo and water. For the kindergartners, at 12:30 is free play. The children can sit alone, play on the computer, read, color, have snack or basically do what they please. Around 1:00, weather permitting, the children play outside for a half an hour, to an hour. When they return inside, they have snack together. After snack time is usually more free play. Approximately three times a week, a lady named, Ava, comes to the classroom to teach the children Spanish. She taught them basic conversational words. To help them understand Spanish, she

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Why do we assess children? Upon looking for the meaning of "Assessments" on the NAEYC website, I came across several different reasons to way it is important. Assessment is defined as the measurement of what students are learning. Student achievement is defined as how well they've mastered certain target skills. Assessments provide educators with both objective and subjective data in order to ascertain student progress and skill mastery. No matter what we are doing in the classroom with our students around we are doing some type of assessment. Now NAEYC says. "Assessments help teachers plan appropriately challenging curriculum and tailor instruction that responds to each child's strengths and needs. Assessments can also help teachers identify children with disabilities and ensuring that they receive needed services." And also, "Assessment methods are appropriate for each child's age and level of development and encompass all areas of development, including math, science, and other cognitive skills; language; social–emotional; and physical. Teachers use assessment methods and...show more content... Informal assessment has to do with the way that they play, the language that is being used, and how they react to the environment that is around them. While doing this you are taking notes, i.e. writing in down on a sticky tab, taking pictures and videos of how engaging the activity is for the child or if they are some things that need o be changed. Formal assessment has to deal with pulling the child out of their natural environment and asking the child questions that he or she should be able to answer. It is a one on one assessment for them to take that is base on a grading scale of some sort. For example, at the beginning of the year VPK must take a test to show the teacher at what level they are on. That is not being done with they are playing nor is it done around the other

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Building a strong, caring, and positive relationship with children is extremely important. This is when a child first learns how to form a trusting bond with an adult. The adult is usually a parent, grandparent, a care provider, or another key adult in a child's life. A caring relationship with an adult is essential to a child's social and emotional growth. Through a strong, trusting relationship with an adult, a child learns that the adult will protect them, nurture them, and respond to their needs. This also helps the child learn how to form healthy relationships with others. "How you approach children, what you notice about them, and how you respond to them will either boost or detract from their confidence and social competence"...show more content...

Every child needs to feel loved. I said in an earlier post that I love every child as my own. Babies do not ask to be born. I've seen many abandoned babies and all they want is to be loved and accepted. They want to know they matter. Of all the key elements, in my opinion, genuineness is number one. Being honest with children is very important. I love working with children because they are innocent and honest. Children will always tell you what they are thinking, how they are feeling, and they will tell you the truth. I remember watching the 5–year old granddaughter of a friend of mine. On weekends I love to wear old jeans and t–shirts. She was looking through my collection of faded jeans and worn out t–shirts and she looked up at me and said, "How come you only have boy clothes?" Adults need to be honest with children as well. Empathy, putting yourself in someone else's shoes, or as the book states, "walking in someone else's shoes" (page 29) is a perfect way to show someone you care about them. Sharing and understanding someone's feelings is a great characteristic of someone who cares deeply about others. Children need a lot of empathy, especially when they fall down and hurt themselves. A tiny scrape on the knee to an adult might seem like the end of the world to a

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Children: Tomorrow's Future

Introduction Let children be children, is not only a popular phrase heard in education, but it is also my motto. Yes, it is true, today's children are tomorrow's future; but how we choose to raise our children determines the outcome of our future. Many believe academics should be stressed more in schools, taking away from children's playtime. I feel that play is what molds a child. Play allows not only a child's imagination to run freely, but builds and strengthens children's motor, language, cognitive, and social emotional development skills. I believe that play; along with parental involvement forms a child's identity. Play is what makes children: tomorrow's future.

Body

Motor Development...show more content...

However, it is important to remember that according to Melina in Charlesworth's book, "motor development is influenced by a number of factors: genetics, status at birth, size, build and composition, nutrition, rearing and birth order, social class, ethnicity, and culture" (Charlesworth, 2000.p.151). Therefore, these factors help to explain the story of life, and why every child learns how to do things at their own pace, rather than at the same time as every other child their age.

A few examples of Fine Motor activities displayed during the early years include handwriting skills, drawing pictures, making objects out of clay, and even cutting with scissors. Each of these activities is characterized by including the small–muscle developments that involve finger–thumb coordination, hand–eye coordination, and the development of muscle strength in the hand and arm. All in all, motor skills are an important part of the learning process, and as these "fundamental motor skills are learned...[they] serve as the foundation for more specialized motor skills that will be learned later" (Charlesworth, 2000.p.157).

Implications for Teaching One of the most important things to remember when dealing with children is that no one is alike, they learn at their own pace and on their own time. Some of the different teaching techniques that can be used to help strengthen children's

Children are the future of the world. They are going to be the leaders of tomorrow and are going to make choices that will directly affect our generation. Children are pliable, so it 's up to us to mold them well and send them in the right direction. However, who specifically is going to mold these children? At six to eight hours a day, five days a week, teachers are positioned to become one of the most influential people in a child's life. After their parents, children will first learn from their teachers. Jerusha Connor, aneducation professor at Villanova University, said "Ample qualitative research shows that a single teacher can shape the course of a young person's future, for better or worse,". ( citation) Teachers have a massive influence on children, which is why they are so important. Anyone who can read, write or solve an equation has a teacher to thank. So much of what we know about the world comes from our teachers who equipped us with knowledge, skills and wisdom.

Almost everyone has been impacted or influenced by a teacher they 've had in their lifetime. Teachers are important due to their influential positions early in a child 's life and they obviously influence the curriculum the students are learning and how they learn it. They also influence children by creating strong relationships. Because they possess this great power to guide and mold, they can impact how much students will learn. In a 2012 study The RAND Corporation, a leading research nonprofit,

It is becoming more recognized and well– known around the world that the mental well–being of one's parents largely affects the development and or the emotional and mental states of oneself. Research is becoming much more widespread and researchers could make important recommendations on how to intervene in the lives of children with parents suffering from mental illness to best prevent harm to their health and well–being as they grow. It has been found that the most common mental illnesses among people of child–bearing age are anxiety, depression, and eating disorders. Most policy however deals with the care of children whose parents must be hospitalized due to their conditions. Much of the current research though aims to show that even those which do not require extreme medical intervention can impact children physically, emotionally, socially, cognitively, etcetera. The stigmas surroundingmental health create a barrier not only for the treatment of the parents suffering from these disorders but also for their children. For parents, a staggering 2/3 of the population suffering from mental illnesses, admitting that they cannot care for themselves and their children can be extremely difficult and thus their children suffer. It is said that 30–50 percent of children with mentally ill parents will have a psychiatric diagnosis in comparison to 20 percent of the general population. Many times, even when parents do choose treatment information about their children is rarely

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Children With A Healthy Child Essay

For some people, they are parents to a healthy child or children, for the most part. If their child is presented with an ailment, it is one of a minor nature such as, the common cold, allergies, teething, etc. In fact, some people might not necessarily see a strong importance of having health insurance for children at a particular age, for example after the infant and toddler years. This issues of healthcare of all children, might not be a particular importance for people who are not parents or guardian to younger individuals. However, despite having good health, children not only need healthcare insurance, but they need regular access to health care. Children with access to healthcare are able to receive the appropriate services when an aliment or severe illness present itself. Moreover, giving a child the opportunity to see a qualifable doctor, can help them live a long healthy life into adulthood.

Every child deserve the chance to grow up healthy. The challenges remains relevant for minorities, particularly Hispanic children, who still have problems in getting access to the appropriate healthcare. In fact, disparities still exist for Hispanic children even after the passage of the Affordable Care Act in 2010. In 2014, the uninsured rate for Hispanic children was 39.5 percent compared to 24.4 percent of overall child population for the nation (Schwartz, Chester, Lopez, Poppe, 2016). However, the number of uninsured Hispanic children have significantly decline in due part

Thinking back on my childhood, I first remember all the times I played outside in my backyard. I would pretend to dig up dinosaur bones or create imaginary realms of ancient lands; there I would perform diplomatic services for the people in need. I was usually alone, and those are some of my fondest memories. When I first decided to become a teacher and thought about what is important to my philosophy on how children learn, I immediately knew I was a strong believer in play. Although, many decision makers such as legislators and school district leaders believe in more academic types of learning styles, my paper will discuss why play is so powerful and important to children. The book, Exploring Your role in Early Childhood Education,...show more content...

Cognitive development is supported through a child sorting objects, or playing make believe. As children play make believe they learn to plan ahead and be self–aware. Sorting objects enables children to solve–problems and develop scientific thinking. Language development is supported through rhyming, telling jokes, creating made up stories and singing silly songs. Children can learn word manipulation, sounds, grammar structures and solving arguments. Literacy is promoted by pretending to read books, hearing books read, reenacting stories, and environmental print. These are some of the ways children can start developing interest in reading and, in how stories work. Social/Emotional development is nurtured through symbolic play, conflict solving, ongoing games, and having special toys (creates attachment). Children learn much needed experience for the future from play. Social / emotional benefits are developed through communication, learning social cues and roles, sharing, and empathy. Physical developments such as fine and gross motor skills are also supported by play. Writing, drawing, painting, running, jumping, and climbing, any physical activity can be made into a game. Not only are motor skills developed but fitness and self–awareness are developed through physical play. Creativity flourishes through play from pretend games to art; a child can realize all the beauty within them and continue to

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My Child

Wednesday, July 19th, I had a chance to observe carefully an infant for about half an hour in my psychology class at Santa Monica College. The infant, Ali Osman, a healthy, playful boy appears to be of Middle Eastern origin. He is 15.5 months old, 32" tall and weighs about 24 lbs with brown curly hair, dark brown eyes and fairly tanned skin. There were several kinds of toys like blocks, dolls, and automobiles in the room. However, when he just came in, he was immediately drawn to the dolls with intense interest and focus. Even though there wasn't any way to measure his heart rate or brain wave, I could easily tell how interested he was by the way he gazed, touched and played with the dolls. This could be explained by the...show more content... Ali is quite a friendly kid, he is not afraid to be with strangers proven by the fact that he could interact very comfortably with me, my classmates, and other babies. However, when there were some unfamiliar things happening (like when the new baby twins came in or when someone made a scary face to him), he always looked for his mother and ran toward her as described in proximity–seeking behaviors (Berger 226). He is a representative of secure attachment by showing that he had no problem with being away from his mother and exploring on his own (Berger 228). Besides, he also reacted to the Strange Situation the way we expected from a secured child as stated in Berger on page 228 and on table 7.1, page 230. After play for a while, he came up to me with a book and showed me the content, then he gurgled something, clearly wanting me to read it to him. His intention was well understood. Without sufficient vocabulary, using only hollow phrases, he still has no communication problem. After all, communication is about understanding not vocabulary anyway (Berger 198). He showed clear signs of understanding his mother's commands such as "up, down, kiss, bye, etc." by following them. His spoken language has been developed normally according to table 6.2 in Berger, on page 194. One interesting thing was that when he was sitting in the chair and reading the book, he did not make any recognizable word sounds but

Impacts of concepts in children's lives In this section, I am going to draw on my professional experience in an early childhood setting to understand how educators' image of the child can impact on their teaching practices. As an International student who came from a country where the education system is completely different as to Australian's, my first placement experience has impacted me greatly about how I picture about Australian Early Childhood Education. My first mentor, Susan, is a very passionate and experienced kindergarten teacher. She acknowledges the strong image of the child in her setting through the recognition of each child as being a capable and curious learner. She views the children as being rich in potential with a...show more content...

The 'manner cards' serve as the provocation of the discussion among the group about what behaviors are appropriate and acceptable in the kindergarten. While children involve in process of making class behavior rules, they are active in reflecting their own behavior choices and evaluating the consequences of the inappropriate actions. This is a more effective way in teaching social mastery than rote learning. Rote learning based on fear and blame will not assist children in understanding the social rules (Carter & Roe, 2013). Teachers who hold a passive image of the child – child as helpless, dependent, and uninspired, might solve children's conflict by blaming children for not following the 'rules' and separate the children without figuring what actually happened between the children. On the contrary, teachers who sustain a positive image of the child work as an encourager, a teacher, a supporter and a collaborator in guiding young children as they learn correct ways of building relationships with others (Carter & Roe, 2013). Teachers who have a view of children being competent learners set limits and consequences for misbehavior rather than punish children's social mistakes. While Susan is having her lesson, one teaching assistant will sit at the back, writing down children's answers, interesting responses and interests. Hall (2013) suggest that in Reggio Emilia's program, there is a strong emphasis on the

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Dreams and aspirations as a child are inspiring. Children strive for the best. Though when maturing, life can take dramatic turns. At the age of six, I knew exactly what I wanted to do when I grew up. I was going to be a professional basketball player. As life continued, I realized that it was beginning to be a distant dream. The distant dream was disappointing, but added to my character. Although I was unsuccessful at reaching my goal of being a professional basketball player, I learned new things that changed my life for the better.

My parents handed me a basketball when I was five, and I quickly fell in love the game. I was on all the little league teams, and I dominated. The fact that was I was six inches taller than everyone else helped. My dad and I watched a NBA game every other night, and it captured me into thinking how I could make this my job as an adult. I was captivated by the players quickness. I wanted to be them. Later on, to aid my goal, I sought out AAU teams. I joined a team, and we traveled across the nation to compete. In my head, this was the ticket to success. The long practices, film watching, and right diet were producing results. The problem was my health.

By the time I entered into seventh grade, I tore ligaments in my left ankle. The first practice after recovering, I tore my left calf. These burst of injuries were tough on my body. I began to limp to favor my left side. This habit caused a chain reaction. My thigh and back were in extreme pain.

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In early modern Europe, various views regarding the role of children in society heavily influenced the manner in which these children were raised. Some Europeans felt that through discipline and somewhat harsh treatment, parents might better prepare their children to succeed. Others perceived love and gentle guidance as the best way by which to form the minds of their children. These altered views were a result of a change in the times and circumstances. Attitudes toward children differed among early Europeans and resulted in various methods of child rearing. Those who saw children as weak and inferior sought to instill stronger characteristics through harsh treatment and discipline – "tough love". The Domostroi, a Russian...show more content...

The average European family was also much larger and therefore, those children that survived were considered very precious and were looked upon favorably by their parents. In a letter written by Martin Luther in the 1500's, the devastation of the death of a child is apparent. Luther describes his mourning at the passing of his "obedient and respectful" daughter, and that even his faith, the source of his strength, is not enough to completely assuage the pain of his loss (Document 2). For Luther, a father as well as the leader of the Protestant Reformation, the loss of a child is almost too much to bear. Christoph Scheurl, a Nuremberg jurist and diplomat, describes in his annual notes the pride that he feels in his five–year–old son (Document 1). Scheurl is delighted in his son's aptitude for learning and in his overall growth and progress. Due to the high mortality rate, it is only natural for Scheurl to take pride in the seemingly small accomplishments of his young son. The trend of employing disciplinarian tactics in child rearing declined somewhat during the 17th and 18th centuries. As a result of this "Age of Reason", traditional perspectives on the raising of a child were altered. As Margaret Cavendish, the Duchess of Newcastle, recollects, "we were bred tenderly" (Document 9). Instead of harsh treatments, reason and patience were employed. Parents sought to please their children, and gently instructed them on the adverse consequences of Get more content

What is a Child? Discuss how a scientific, a social constructionist and an applied approach attempt to answer this question.

This essay will attempt to discuss how sociologists have attempted to answer the question. Childhood is viewed differently, depending on the country being considered, the period of time being studied or a personal viewpoint. According to the UN convention, a child is anybody under the age of eighteen. Several studies have been undertaken by sociologists to examine childhood. This essay will attempt to discuss three major approaches: 1) a scientific approach tries to study this objectively by observation and experimentation to prove a theory. This essay will discuss Kohlberg's theory of "Moral development". It will...show more content...

The Reliability of Kohlberg's testing is questionable. (Woolfolk, A.E) questioned if all researchers assess a child's moral levels in the same way. Is moral logic the same moral behaviour? Critics question if the answer to problems that a person chooses given a moral situation has anything to do with the age of an individual or the reasoning powers of an individual. Do both sexes Male and female go through the same stages of development? Carol Gillian (1982) claimed that the masculine and feminine perspectives of moral dilemmas differed depending on concepts, relationships, justice and equality. The answers has more to do with the fact of the person's reasoning rather than age or the stage of moral development

In the course of conducting the studies it was discovered that there were various variations between ages and reasoning of children. A Child's ability to reason and make moral choices at different ages is dependent on the socio–economic upbringing of the children. The examples in the book about Childhood indicate that children from different countries and backgrounds emphasise this. For example when the children from Chittagong in Bangladesh coming from two different socio economic background were asked the question, Get

Socialization for humankind is extremely important, and it has a positive effect on our development. Evidence and experience has shown that social isolation, where people are deprived of social contact, has a negative effect on humans, and creates developmental issues in children. "There is dramatic evidence that children deprived of social contact do not develop all of the characteristics associated with being human. Prominent among this evidence are cases of children who have been deprived both socially and emotionally." (Shepard, J., Sociology, pg. 94) In the book 'Sociology' by Jon Shepard, there are three examples given of children who grew up with social isolation and the effects it had on their lives. I personally know of a man...show more content... But cases of extreme social isolation are not the only evidence for this generalization. Children can be affected adversely when the degree of contact with others is limited or when emotional attachments are not formed." (Shepard, J., Sociology, pg. 96) Research done by "Rene Spitz compared the infants in an orphanage with those in a women's prison nursery. After two years, some of the children in the orphanage were retarded, and all were psychologically and socially underdeveloped for their age. By the age of four, a third of them had died. No such problems were observed among the prison nursery infants. Not one of them died during this period, even though the physical environment was not as clean as that of the orphanage." (Shepard, J., Sociology, pg. 96) The main difference between these two groups of children, is that in the prison nursery, themother's had close contracts with their children for the first year, whilst the mothers were not present in the orphanage, and "the infant to nurse ratio was seven or eight to one, as well as being isolated from other children." (Shepard, J., Sociology, pg.

Social Media's Effect on Children Essays

The way society defines and uses media has consistently changed throughout history, however, for as long as man has communicated media has been social. Media is our medium to communicate with one another. The evolution of this medium into social media has raised controversy for over half a century. The argument regarding children and the use of socialmedia has been a constant in this controversy. As the simplicity and ability to use a large variety of technology in social media has grown so, have the concerns for what type of social media we are using. The age at which we introduce children to these technologies is falling at an alarming rate. This progression is taking place both in and out of the home.

Children are interacting in the...show more content...

This form of socialization teaches children what behavior is appropriate. They also learn to understand body language and the conversational cues it projects. By playing with other children in an open environment, they learn to communicate face to face making their wants and needs known to those around them. This process of socialization is important in defining cultural norms for uniformity within society. Many nations' governments use socialization in education to achieve common beliefs and expectations in their citizens. When a child does not learn common socialization skills, the child is often defined as "abnormally socialized and labeled by society as deviant or even mentally ill" (O'Neil, 2011). Because of technology, many great things are being accomplished. Computers are used in schools across the globe to teach. "Through the power of networking, boundaries for learning are disappearing as both teachers and students are able to communicate, plan lessons, execute projects, share work, and forge new friendships and understanding across school districts, states, and countries" (Rusten). The advantages of technology cannot be denied but the price on childhood development is still high. "Today, not only are American young people surrounded by media in their homes and schools, but the portability made possible by the increased miniaturization of digital media means that they can remain

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In terms of physical characteristics, the average height and weight for a two year old is thirty–four inches tall and twenty –eight pounds. Over time, their head growth will slow, from 3вЃ„4 inch (2 cm) in their second year alone to 3вЃ„4 to 1 1вЃ„4 inches (2–3 cm) over the next ten years. The child's posture will change as well during the toddler years. These physical changes are due to improved muscle tone, which is cause for a more erect posture, thus giving the child a taller, and more lean appearance ("Physical Appearance," 2013).

According to Erikson, children of this age tend to demonstrate a wide range of emotions; they tend to be dominating, uninhibited, and self–loving. Sometimes the child is very loving and wants to be close, and at...show more content...

For example, a toddler may see a car and imitate using a steering wheel, or imitate the sound of a car horn.

In spite of all of these facts, there are issues that affect the growth and development of toddlers. Three common issues are medical problems: nutrition, stimulation, and interaction. An example of a nutritional issue is malnutrition. Malnutrition is a condition that can cause anemia and increase susceptibility to infections (Beth Greenwood, 2014).

Iron deficiency anemia is quite common in children, as iron is needed to support growth. A lack of iron in the diet can cause delays in brain development, which may be irreversible. Common symptoms of iron deficiency anemia include irritability, palor, weakness, and cold hands and feet. Prevention of anemia is crucial for expectant mothers, as anemic women are at a higher risk for delivery complications such as hemorrhaging and having infants of low–birth weight. (Frantz, C. 2010).

According to the journal "American Family Physician," avoiding cow's milk until after age 1 can reduce the risk of anemia. This is likely due to the fact that cow's milk is low in sufficient iron and may be detrimental if used in place of breast milk or iron–fortified formulas. Toddlers also tend to drink a lot of cow's milk, often more than 24 ounces a day, an amount that injures the lining of the stomach causing chronic blood

Wise Children Essay

Angela Carter uses a variety of methods and techniques to present events and characters in an interesting way in chapter 1. By using Dora's voice she is able to express the character's viewpoint and introduce the reader to the story at a pace and style that not only establishes other characters but from how language is used the reader can create a personality for Dora also.

The novel starts with a question to slowly introduce the reader into the idea of the legitimacy and illegitimacy.

'WHY is London like Budapest?

A. Because it two cities divided by a river.

Dora uses London to immediately explain how her and Dora live on the 'bastard side of Old Father Thames', not just literally but as...show more content...

While Dora and Nora watch the video the plot develops further enabling the reader to understand the events that have happened in the past. The video also evokes emotions in Dora that help the reader to appreciate Dora's perspective. Tiffany's pregnancy also reinforces the idea of illegitimacy, again by a member of the Hazardfamily

The language that Nora uses throughout the novel is very informal and direct, 'Bugger the robin!' Because of this honest way of speaking Dora becomes believable as a character and we trust everything she is saying. Carter uses Dora's voice to speak to us as if the reader is there with Dora, 'but take a good look at the signed photos...' which gives Carter the opportunity to describe Dora's photos and surroundings to the reader, which again gives the reader a glimpse into the past life of Dora and Nora. These questions directed at the reader draw the reader into the novel and build a relationship between Dora and us so that we become more involved and we care more about what happens.

Carter, through Dora's opinions and descriptions, is able to establish the two families, Hazard and Chance, and the different