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Appendices
Appendix A: ABOUT THE CORONAVIRUS DISEASE
General Information
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Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that cause respiratory illness. Coronaviruses are common in people and many different species of animals, including camels, cattle, cats and bats. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus type 2 (COVID-19) is a new species of virus that had previously not been found in humans and is the cause of COVID-19. As a result, before its emergence in late 2019, humans had not developed immunity against COVID-19, leaving the entire global population susceptible to infection. Its health impact is currently being closely monitored internationally, nationally and locally by the World Health Organization, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and local health departments. Person-to-person spread is the primary source of transmission.
Transmission Routes of COVID-19
Transmission occurs primarily between people who are in close contact with one another (within about 6 feet) through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. Transmission of COVID-19 is possible from individuals who have no symptoms and are not showing any signs of illness. Surfaces and objects may be contaminated with COVID-19. Shared equipment such as keyboards, phones, pipettors and writing utensils are examples of surfaces and objects that could be contaminated. It may also be possible to contract COVID-19 by touching a surface or object that has the virus on it and then touching your mouth, nose or eyes. Symptoms include:
Fever Coughing Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing Chills Muscle pain Headache Sore throat New loss of taste or smell
On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 outbreak a global pandemic. In late March, the United States became the epicenter for the virus, surpassing a million cases in late April.
According to the World Health Organization, most people who become infected experience mild illness and recover, but there is a risk of severe illness, especially in older people and those with underlying conditions such as heart disease, lung disease or diabetes. At present, there are no therapeutics or vaccines proven to treat or prevent COVID‑19. In the absence of a vaccine, prevention is the most effective course of action to combat COVID-19.
