MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY M.4 by wuthichart

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE

565 Samsen Rd., Dusit, Bangkok 10300. THAILAND Tel. 0 2243 0065, 0 2243 7002, 0 2243 2153 Fax: 0 2243 2150

http://www.sg.ac.th

MY WORLD

VOCABULARY S A I N T G A B R I E L’ S C O L L E G E VOCABULARY FOR SECONDARY 4

REVISED EDITION 2022

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE

565 Samsen Road, Dusit, Bangkok 10300. THAILAND. Tel. 0-2243-0065, 0-2243-7002, 0-2243-2153, Fax: 0-2243-2150, Website: http://www.sg.ac.th ISBN: 978-616-7675-01-5 Copyright©2020: Saint Gabriel’s College

PREFACE Nowadays, learning English is the most essential activity in our daily routine. Needless to say, it is the most fundamental means of communication in the field of education in order to instill in the learner’s positive attitudes towards English language. Consequently, the learner can use the language in multiple life situations, and in search for knowledge to sustain a career and further high level of studies. In addition, it can also aid the ability to understand various cultural differences and challenges. Therefore, the teaching and learning process is considered to be most beneficial as the teacher educates the subject content thus enabling the learner to grasp in a less complex effort. This vocabulary book is published for the exclusive use in teaching and learning of five basic subjects namely Mathematics, Science, Technology and Occupation, Social Studies, Religion and Culture and English for Primary 1 to Secondary 6 students. This book introduces English vocabulary words used in the abovementioned subjects with examples on how to adapt them in daily communication to attain goals and efficiency. It is with great expectation that the contents in this English vocabulary book may benefit the teachers and students in a way that it is genuinely learned as English is a medium of instruction. Every single vocabulary word is related to the learner’s daily life. The contents are expected to respond to the basic learning needs and preferences of the learner and therefore may involve recreational learning and utmost advantage. Finally, I would like to acknowledge the valuable efforts of the teachers of the Foreign Languages Department, the Academic Affairs, and those who in one way or another have been part of the preparation and success of this book. God bless you constantly. (Bro. Monthol Prathumarach, Ph.D.) Director March 2022

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS HONORARY ADVISOR : Bro. Dr. Monthol Prathumarach COMMITTEE : Bro.Manit Sakonthawat, M.A. Bro.Pathanant Chaiyara Board of Director Mr.Thong-in Sawaengsin, M.A. Mr.Pisit Krittayanawach, M.A. Mr.Avirut Wisetchart, M.A. Mr.Yutthachai Ittivorachet, M.M. Ms.Yaowaluck Yoocharoen, M.A. Ms.Pornsirin Watthanasathian, M.A. English Teachers Primary 1 - Secondary 6

EDITORIAL TEAM : Mr.Yutthachai Ittivorachet, M.M. Members of the Foreign Language Department DESIGN & LAYOUT : Mr.Wutichart Chatarupacheewin, M.FA. Mr.Sarayut Jorjaroenpanich Mr.Peerawit Arjloi Mr.Pheempapob Chatarupacheewin PRODUCED BY : Saint Gabriel’s College BANGKOK, THAILAND Copyright @ 2018

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE

565 Samsen Rd., Dusit, Bangkok 10300. THAILAND. Tel. 0-2243-0065, 0-2243-7002, 0-2243-2153, Fax: 0-2243-2150 Website: http://www.sg.ac.th

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any forms or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of Saint Gabriel’s College. SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

CONTENTS Preface Coat of Arms Foreign Languages (English) Mathematics Science and Technology Social Studies Occupation

1 4 6 16 26 52 74

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

COAT OF ARMS Coat of arms is a translation of the French COTTE D’ ARMES. Usually it is depicted with the particular heraldic bearings of a person or family on an escutcheon, and from it we can learn much about the person or family which adopted the particular coat of arms. BROTHERS OF ST. GABRIEL The name “the Brothers of St. Gabriel” reminds us of those Brothers who sacrificed their lives, and their mother’s land, in order to help educate and develop our Thai children to grow in the right path. “LABOR OMNIA VINCIT” is the motto of our school. “We can overcome all difficulties through working hard,” or, as the Latin proverb says : “Labor conquers all things.”

“Life - Boat” Symbolized By “The Ship in The Sea”

“The ship in the Sea” symbolizes that we have to keep on struggling and facing different difficulties in the sea of life, just like the ship or the boat that fights stormy wing, steamy sun and rainy sea in order NOT to capsize in the middle of the sea. This should always remind us that “Life is a Struggle” or “To Live is to Struggle” against the problems and difficulties and not to give up.

“DS” (read “D and S”) Cross In The Middle With The Cross “D” or Divinity represents “Religion”. We all need religion in life and mind. The Cross is the symbol of “love” and “sacrifice” just as Jesus sacrificed his life for our love and he redeemed our sins as he said: “There is no other love greater than sacrificing our life for others.” “S” or “Science” means “Knowledge,” which is the root of man’s ability to reason. Everyone should always aim at gaining more knowledge. The

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

more we learn about mundane knowledge, the more we should also learn about “Dharma” or religious, ethical virtues. Moreover, DIS also comes from the French phrase, “Dieu Seul,” which means “ALL WE DO IS FOR THE GRACE OF GOD ONLY.” It is to remind us of St. Louis Marie de Montfort, the Founding Father of the Brothers of St. Gabriel’s motto. With this powerful motto, we have the will to work without yielding to difficulties, at studies as well as at work. We all uphold it up to this day.

A.M. and The White Lilies “A.M.” is abbreviated from a Latin word, “ALMA MATER,”

meaning literally, “Dear Mother,” in Latin and indicating “MOTHER COLLEGE,” which symbolizes that our institution is like our “Alma Mater”, our own birth place and as a part of our own families. We should love our institution as much as we should love our own parents. Moreover, “A.M.” is also abbreviated from “AVE MARIA” (in Latin), the name of Jesus’ Mother. This means that we should love our own Mother with our heart and soul. And the beautiful snow - white lilies are symbols to remind us that we should be clean and sincere with all our thoughts, words and minds, wherever we are.

The Star and The Man In a Boat

“The Star and the Boat” symbolizes “Spiritual Hope” meaning that religion is “the light of Dharma or Absolute Truth” and all the knowledge or sciences we have learned from the institution is “the Light of the Intelligence”. Altogether they keep conduct and intelligence on track so we are not lost or capsized in the middle of the sea of life. “The man in the boat” reflects us, ourselves, rowing or guiding our own “boat of life”.

“The Shield” That Frames The “Four Symbols”

The “Shield” that frames the “Four Symbols” is the “COAT OF ARMS” which stands for “HONOUR,” or “PRIDE and DIGNITY”. It also represents the HONOUR, DIGNITY, PRIDE AND PRAISE that our institution has received from the King who reigns over the Kingdom.

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

F O R E I GN L A N GUAG E

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 4

VOCABULARY

ENGLISH UNIT 1

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

Sentence

There were three eliminations in the first round of the competition. I saw something spectacular in the spectacular (adj.) น่าตื่นเต้น sky last night that I have no explanation for. ร่อนลงมาใกล้พื้น The balloon descended gradually as descend (v.) ดิน the air came out. summit (n.) ยอดสุดของภูเขา The climb to the summit took six hours. Tomorrow we will encounter the encounter (v.) เผชิญหน้า enemy. exceptionally อย่างพิเศษ, It was exceptionally cold last summer. (adv.) อย่างโดดเด่น การไร้ความ You were on disability for three disability (n.) สามารถ, months. ความพิการ

ำจัด, 1 elimination (n.) การก� การท�ำลาย 2 3 4 5 6 7

8 potential (n.)

ศักยภาพ

9 obstacle (n.)

อุปสรรค์

Human beings are gifted with infinite potential. He did the work in spite of many obstacles.

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 4

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

Sentence

Shortly after Columbus’s epochal circumnavigate ล่ อ งเรื อ หรื อ บิ น ไป 10 (v.) voyage, Magellan circumnavigated รอบรอบ the globe. UNIT 2

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

11 illogical (adj.)

ที่ไร้เหตุผล

12 virtual (adj.)

ที่เสมือนจริง

13 eruption (n.)

การปะทุ, การระเบิด

14 explosion (n.)

การระเบิด

Sentence

I can't accept someone so illogical as a leader! OZ is a virtual world that can be enjoyed by people from all over the world. The volcanic eruption threatened the village. The explosion may have been caused by a gas leak. What he said is irrelevant to the matter.

15 irrelevant (adj.) ไม่สัมพันธ์กัน 16 embarrassing ที่น่าอาย It's an embarrassing question. (adj.) 17 anonymous (adj.) ไม่เป็นที่เปิดเผย His name remains anonymous. He glanced at her with no sign of 18 recognition (n.) การจ�ำได้ recognition. immoral actions did not go 19 immoral (adj.) ซึ่งผิดศีลธรรม His unnoticed. 20 prohibited (v.) ห้าม, ไม่อนุญาต Parking is prohibited here. SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 4

UNIT 3

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

Sentence

ความแห้งแล้ง Many peasants died during the drought. สถานที่ยากล�ำบาก Dystopias are goals to be avoided. is a utopia with no war, disease, 23 utopia (n.) ดินแดนในอุดมคติ Itsuffering or hatred. 24 gorge ( n.) ช่องเขา The wind is blowing down the gorge. In South Korea, the forests had been 25 devastate (v.) ท�ำลายล้าง devastated by war. 26 plague (n.) โรคระบาดรุนแรง Rats carry the plague. Nowadays we can a lot of suspension 27 suspension (n.) การแขวน bridges. 28 contradict (v.) ขัดแย้ง He contradicted the news. 29 groan (v.) คราง The man groaned in pain. 30 smash (v.) แตกเป็นเสี่ยงๆ The bottle smashed to pieces. 31 slam (v.) ปิดดังปัง Don't slam the door. 21 drought (n.) 22 dystopias (n.)

UNIT 4

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

Sentence

An apprentice is ordered by his master to do various chores. Applicants must be qualified and experienced in accountancy. Tim has a degree in veterinary medicine. Writers go by pseudonyms. What does it matter?

32 apprentice (n.) คนฝึกงาน 33 accountancy (n.) การบัญชี ่ยวกับสัตว์ 34 veterinary (adj.) เกี แพทยศาสตร์ 35 pseudonym (n.) นามปากกา

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 4

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

His words aroused my competitive spirit. He has an ambition to get a Nobel Prize.

บการ 36 competitive (adj.) ทีแข่่เกีง่ยขัวกั น 37 ambition (n.)

Sentence

ความ ทะเยอทะยาน

UNIT 5

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

Sentence

การวาดภาพหรือ เขียนบนก�ำแพงใน That graffiti was a message. ที่สาธารณะ was the Hagia Sophia made 39 mosque (n.) สุเหร่า, มัสยิด When into a mosque? a big mural on the side of an 40 mural (n.) จิตรกรรมฝาผนัง There’s old barn. 41 subtle (adj.) เฉียบแหลม She has a subtle charm. 42 hesitate (v.) ลังเล ชักช้า Don't hesitate to ask for information. 43 thoroughly (adv.) อย่างละเอียดถีถ่ ว้ น I studied it thoroughly. Everything eventually gets easier with 44 eventually (adv.) ในที่สุด practice. ศิลปการสร้างภาพ จากชิ้นส่วนเล็กๆ Alison made my dad this collage, and 45 collage (n.) ที่น�ำมาปะติดปะ there was a picture of her on a boat. ต่อกัน singing was very impressive as 46 impressive (adj.) ซึ่งน่าประทับใจ Her usual. was kind enough to tie my 47 shoelace (n.) เชือกผูกรองเท้า He shoelaces. 38 graffiti (n.)

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 4

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

Sentence

I modeled for him, and he did this 48 installation (n.) การแสดงผลงาน ศิลปะ incredible installation. ก I'm really excited to see your 49 sculpture (n.) การแกะสลั การปั้น sculpture. 50 fascinating (adj.) ที่น่าหลงใหล You are a fascinating man. UNIT 6

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

51 Identity (n.)

Thai Definition

อัตลักษณ์

52 essential (adj.) จ�ำเป็น, ส�ำคัญ 53 cybercrime (n.) อาชญากรรม ไซเบอร์ การท�ำร้ายเพื่อ 54 mugging (n.) ปล้นทรัพย์สินในที่ สาธารณะ กฝี, 55 vaccination (n.) การปลู การฉีดวัคซีน 56 aggressive (adj.) ก้าวร้าว การท�ำลาย พย์สิน 57 vandalism (n.) ทรั โดยเฉพาะของรัฐ อย่างไร้เหตุผล

Sentence

A student should not lose sight of his own identity. Effort is essential to studying. Cybercrime is illegal. Where did the mugging take place? The vaccination could have worn off. I didn't expect you to be so aggressive. More than 40 people were arrested, some of suspicion of vandalism.

are a lot of cases of burglary การขโมยย่องเบา There around here these days. 59 determined (adj.) มุ่งมั่น He is determined to go to England. 58 burglary (n.)

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 4

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

Sentence

did not permit me to 60 circumstance (n.) สภาวะแวดล้อม Circumstances help you. 61 arrogance (n.) ความเย่อหยิ่ง I get mad at his arrogance. UNIT 7

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

Sentence

I was fascinated by her beauty. We don't know if the kid inherited รับมรดก anything. ที่เกินจริง, The events that led up to her present ที่เหมือนละคร fame are quite dramatic. กตัญญู, ขอบคุณ I am very grateful to you for your help. financial advisor suggested we ที่เปลี่ยนแปลงได้ My invest in convertible preferred stock. Some politicians are raising more โดยทั่วถึง radical change. All her imaginary happiness vanished ซึ่งสมมุติขึ้น in a moment. ที่จ�ำเป็น, ที่ส�ำคัญ It is imperative for you to act at once. ที่ไร้จุดหมาย I was disgusted with his pointless talk.

62 fascinated (adj.) หลงใหล 63 inherit (v.) 64 dramatic (adj.) 65 grateful (adj.) 66 convertible (adj.) 67 radical (adj.) 68 imaginary ( adj.) 69 imperative (adj.) 70 pointless (adj.)

UNIT 8

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

He has many acquaintances but few friends. ศัตรูในคราบมิตร Tim is my frenemy.

71 acquaintance (n.) คนคุ้นเคย 72 frenemy (n.)

Sentence

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 4

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

He's desperately trying to make up for the delay. Hatred is our enemy. The question of how to establish the optimal formula is still open. He accused her of having lied to him. Civilization is now threatened by nuclear war. If you can’t stop giggling, you’ll have to leave the room. He tried to persuade her. He is generous to his opponents.

างสิ้นหวัง, 73 desperately(adv.) อย่ อย่างเต็มที่ 74 hatred (n.) ความเกลียดชัง 75 optimal (adj.)

ที่เหมาะสม

76 accuse (v.)

กล่าวหา

77 threaten (v.)

คุกคาม

78 giggle (v.)

หัวเราะคิกคัก

Sentence

79 persuade (v.) ชักชวน 80 generous (adj.) ใจกว้าง

UNIT 9

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

81 crunchy (adj.)

กรอบ

82 savoury (adj.)

ที่อร่อย

This sweet potato is only half-baked and is still crunchy. This soup is savoury. As a consequence of overwork, he became ill.

83 consequence (n.) ผล 84 ingredient (n.) 85 mince (v.) 86 fizzy (adj.) 87 pierce (v.)

Sentence

ส่วนผสม, เครื่องปรุง สับ ดังซ่า, ดังฟู่ ทิ่ม, แทง, เจาะ

Flour is the main ingredient in cakes. Mince the garlic and add to the onion. It was too fizzy and gassy to drink. His heart was pierced with grief. SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 4

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

Sentence

I suffer from obesity. you know what lard does to your 89 arteries (n.) หลอดเลือดแดง Do arteries? using addictive substances like 90 addictive (adj.) ซึ่งท�ำให้ติดยาได้ He's thinner. 91 superb (adj.) ที่ดีเลิศ His taste in music is superb. 88 obesity (n.)

การอ้วนเกินไป

UNIT 10

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

Sentence

92 asteroid (n.)

ดาวเคราะห์

The asteroids will protect us.

93 curiosity (n.)

ความอยากรู้ อยากเห็น

Curiosity killed the cat.

Initially I found it difficult to deal with my new environment. 95 entrepreneur (n.) นักลงทุนการเงิน Everyone is an entrepreneur. will was transmitted to his 96 transmit (v.) ถ่ายทอด, สืบทอด His younger brother. The cathedral dates back to the 97 cathedral (n.) โบสถ์ที่ส�ำคัญ Middle Ages. The archbishop dedicated the church 98 archbishop (n.) หัวหน้าบาทหลวง to San Satiro, the brother of Sant’ Ambrogio. ปล่อย, 99 launch (v.) เริ่มด�ำเนินการ He is planning to launch his business. is an efficient and reliable 100 efficient (adj.) ที่มีประสิทธิภาพ She assistant. 94 initially (adv.)

ในขั้นต้น

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 4

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

Sentence

England established many colonies. airplane is capable of supersonic 102 supersonic (adj.) ที่เร็วกว่าเสียง The speeds. can buy a lot of stuff in a 103 megastore (n.) ร้านค้าขนาดใหญ่ We megastore.

101 establish (v.)

สร้าง

MEMO

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

M AT HE M AT ICS

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 4

VOCABULARY

MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 : SETS

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

Sentence

The term “well defined” means that the collection is described in such a well-defined แจ่ ม แจ้ ง , 1 (adj.) way that we can determine whether อย่างชัดเจน any given object belongs to that collection. In the roster form, all elements of the set are listed, the elements being separated by a comma (“,”) and are within braces (“{ }”). For 2 roster form (n.) เซตแบบแจกแจง enclosed example : the set representing scores of three students can be a set of three numbers, one of which is repeated as S = {80, 90, 70}. In the set builder form, all the elements of the set are often characterized by a common property. For example : in the set {a, e, i, o, u} all the elements set builder form เซตแบบบอก possess a common property - each of 3 (n.) เงื่อนไข them is a vowel in the English alphabet, and no other alphabet possesses this property. Denoting this set by V, we write V = {x | x is a vowel in the English alphabet}.

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 4

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

Sentence

The set that has no members or elements is called an “empty set”. For example : the set of integers 4 empty set (n.) เซตว่าง between 1 and 2 is an empty set because there are no integers in this range. Define a set that contains all the sets consideration as subsets. It is 5 universal set (n.) เอกภพสัมพัทธ์ under denoted by U, and the set U is called “The Universal Set”. A Finite set is a set that has a finite 6 finite set (n.) เซตจ�ำกัด number of members. An infinite set is a set that has an 7 infinite set (n.) เซตอนันต์ infinite or uncountable number of members. Two sets A and B are said to be equal if they have exactly the same elements 8 equal sets (n.) เซตที่เท่ากัน and we write A = B to represent “A is equal to B”. Two finite sets A and B are said to be equivalent 9 sets (n.) เซตที่เทียบเท่ากัน equivalent if they have the same number of elements. A set “A” is a subset of set “B”, if 10 subset (n.) เซตย่อย each element of set “A” is also an element of set “B”. Power set is a collection of all 11 power sets (n.) เซตก�ำลัง possible subsets of a given set. SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 4

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

Sentence

The universal set U is represented by a rectangle. Other sets are Venn diagram แผนภาพของ represented by circles. If A and B 12 (n.) เวนน์ are arbitrary sets, then we can use a Venn diagram to represent the relationship between A and B. The union of two sets A and B is the set C, which consists of all the 13 union of sets (n.) ส่วนรวมของเซต elements that are either in A or in B (including those which are in both). The intersection between sets A and intersection of 14 sets (n.) ส่วนร่วมของเซต B is the set of all elements that belong to both sets. The complement of A with respect to complement of a ส่ ว นเติ ม เต็ ม ของ 15 set (n.) U is the set of all elements of U that เซต are not the elements of A. The difference between sets A and B, difference of sets 16 (n.) ผลต่างของเซต in this order, is the set of elements that belong to A but not to B. UNIT 2 : EXPONENTS

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

17 base (n.)

ฐาน

18 exponents (n.)

เลขยกก�ำลัง

Sentence

The ‘exponent’ stands for ‘‘how many times the number or variable is being multiplied by itself”. The number that is being multiplied is called ‘base’. Exponents are used as a shorthand representation for multiplications.

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 4

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

Sentence

The symbol n x is called a radical, 19 radical (n.) กรณฑ์ n is called the index and x is called the radicand. To rationalize the denominator, we multiply the numerator and ำนวนส่วนของ denominator by a suitable factor that 20 denominator (n.) จ�เลขเศษส่ วน will rationalize the denominator that is, will leave the denominator free of radicals. Simplify each of the following, 21 simplify (n.) ท�ำให้ง่ายขึ้น expressing the answers with positive indices. The exponent is called the “power” which the number is ‘raised to’, like 53 22 power (n.) เลขยกก�ำลัง is expressed as 5 raised to the 3rd power. For n = 0 and a ≠ 0, a0 = 1 but 00 is 23 not defined (n.) ให้ค�ำนิยาม not defined. เลขยกก�ำลังที่เป็น An expression with rational numbers 24 rational exponents (n.) จ�ำนวนตรรกยะ as exponents or power. Properties of Radicals for a positive integer n greater than 1, where x and y are positive real numbers: of สมบัติของกรณฑ์ 1. ( n x )n = x 25 properties n n radicals (n.) 2. x = |x | n x ⋅ n y = n xy 3. n

4. SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

x = y

x y

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 4

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

“3 is a square root of 9” because 32 =9 “2 is a cube root of 8” because 23 = 8 Roots of numbers that cannot be completely determined are called surds.

26 square root (n.) กรณฑ์ที่สอง 27 cube root (n.) 28 surd (n.)

Sentence

กรณฑ์ที่สาม ตัวเลขที่ไม่ สามารถถอด กรณฑ์ได้

UNIT 3 : RELATION AND FUNCTION

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

Sentence

The points on the graph sheet (x, y) where x is regarded as the first ordered pair (n.) คู่อันดับ element and y as the second element, thus (x, y) ≠ (y, x). Given two sets A and B, we can take an ordered pair (a, b) where element cartesian product ผลคูณคาร์ทีเชียน “a” is taken from A and b from B. The (n.) set of all such possible ordered pairs denoted as A × B is called the Cartesian Product. A correspondence between the elements of the two sets. Example : relation (n.) ความสัมพันธ์ {(1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 3)}, defines a relation that the x elements are less than the y elements. The Domain (D) is the set of all the domain (n.) โดเมน first component of ordered pairs in a relation as well as in a function.

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Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

Sentence

The range (R) is the set of all the second component of the ordered pairs. A function is a set of ordered pairs with the property such that no two 34 function (n.) ฟังก์ชัน ordered pairs have the same first component and different second component. of อินเวอร์สของ Inverse relation is a relation that gives 35 inverse relation (n.) ความสัมพันธ์ opposite or inverse of a relation. The inverse mapping may be written inverse function ฟั ง ก์ ช น ั อิ น เวอร์ ส ห 36 (n.) h-1 (3) = 8. We call h-1 as the รือฟังก์ชันผกผัน as inverse function h. f is a linear function if function ฟังก์ชันเชิงเส้น Af(x)function 37 linear = mx + b where m and b are real (n.) numbers and m ≠ 0. A function f is a quadratic function if quadratic 38 function (n.) ฟังก์ชันก�ำลังสอง f(x) = ax2 + bx + c where a, b, c are real numbers and a ≠ 0. A function f is an absolute value absolute value 39 function (n.) ฟังก์ชันค่าสัมบูรณ์ function if f(x) = a |x – h| + k where a, h, k are real numbers and a ≠ 0. A function f is an exponential function exponential ฟั ง ก์ ช น ั เอกซ์ 40 function (n.) if f(x) = ax-h + k where a, h, k are real โพเนนเชียล numbers and a > 0 but a ≠ 1. 33 range (n.)

เรนจ์

A function f is a piecewise-defined function if f is defined by different formulas for different parts of its domain.

Piecewise41 defined function ฟังก์ชันพีซไวส์ (n.) SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

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43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51

Thai Definition

Sentence

A function is a step function if f is a piecewise-defined function where step function (n.) ฟังก์ชันขั้นบันได each part of its domain is divided into more than 2 parts and is defined by different constant functions. The lowest or highest point on the turning point (n.) จุดวกกลับ parabola, whichever exists is called the “vertex” or the “turning point”. A function of the form f(x) = b is called constant function ฟังก์ชันคงตัว a constant function and it is not a (n.) linear function. For example, f(x) = -3x - 2. The slope slope (n.) ความชัน is -3. example, g(x) = -3x - 6. The x-intercept (n.) ระยะตัดแกน x For x-intercept is 0 = -3x - 6, x = - 2. example, f(x) = 2x + 1. The y-intercept (n.) ระยะตัดแกน y For y-intercept is f (0) = 2(0) + 1 = 1. The vertex (turning point) of the vertex (n.) จุดยอด parabola f(x)= ax2 + bx + c is (h, f(h)) -b . and h = 2a A “parabola” is the graph of a parabola (n.) พาราโบลา quadratic function. A line that passes through the turning axis of the แกนสมมาตร point of a parabola that is parallel to parabola (n.) the vertical axis denoted by x = h. x-h In the equation f(x) = a + k, the asymptote (n.) เส้นก�ำกับ horizontal asymptote is the line y = k.

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UNIT 4 : PROBABILITY

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

52 probability (n.)

53 tree diagram (n.) 54 random experiment (n.) space 55 sample (n.) 56 event (n.) 57 simple event (n.) event 58 compound (n.) likely 59 equally event (n.)

Thai Definition

Sentence

When dealing with experiments that are random and well-defined, ความน่าจะเป็น probability describes the statistical number of outcomes divided by the number of all outcomes. A tree diagram is a tool that we use in general mathematics, probability, and แผนภาพต้นไม้ statistics that allows us to calculate the number of possible outcomes of an event. Before rolling a die you do not know การทดลองสุ่ม the result, this is an example of a random experiment. The concept of a sample space is เซตของผลลัพธ์ fundamental to probability theory, it is ทั้งหมดที่อาจเกิด the set of all possibilities of some ขึ้นได้ uncertain process. In probability theory, an event is a set เหตุการณ์ of outcomes of an experiment to which a probability is assigned. เหตุการณ์ที่มี Simple event is the event where one สมาชิกเพียงตัว experiment happens at a time and it เดียว will be having a single outcome. เหตุการณ์ที่มี Compound event in math involves สมาชิกมากกว่า finding the probability of more than 1 ตัว one event occurring at the same time. เหตุการณ์ทมี่ โี อกาส Each number on a die is equally likely เกิดขึ้นเท่าๆ กัน event to occur when the die is tossed.

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Thai Definition

Sentence

mutually Mutually exclusive events are two เหตุ ก ารณ์ ท เ ่ ี ป็ น 60 exclusive events อิสระต่อกัน events that cannot take place at the (n.) same time. With incompatible events, it is impossible for both events to happen incompatible เหตุ ก ารณ์ ท ่ ี ไ ม่ เ กิ ด 61 events (n.) at the same time, since it is not ร่วมกัน possible for a single question to be both true and false. Most people assume the toss of a 62 toss (n.) การทอย coin is always a 50/50 probability. Unbiased coin means that the 63 unbiased (adj.) เที่ยงตรง probability of heads is the same as the probability of tails, each being ½.

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VOCABULARY

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CHEMISTRY CHAPTER 1 : PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

Sentence

The change of the state is a physical change. Rust forming on the metal is another example of a chemical change. Melting, freezing, boiling, evaporation, การเปลี่ยนแปลงที่ condensation, dissolution and 3 reversible changes (n.) ผันกลับได้ changing the shape of a substance are examples of reversible changes. Irreversible changes are permanent changes that cannot be undone. irreversible การเปลี ย ่ นแปลงที ่ 4 changes (n.) Cooking, baking, frying, burning, ผันกลับไม่ได้ mixing, rusting, and heating are examples of irreversible changes. The dissolution of the ice made a 5 dissolution (n.) การละลาย large puddle in the playground. 6 expansion (n.) การขยาย Heat causes the expansion of gases. The hot metal undergoes contraction 7 contraction (n.) การหดตัว as it cools. The fire was burning down, so she 8 burning (n.) การเผาไหม้ added more wood. change 1 physical (n.) change 2 chemical (n.)

การเปลี่ยนแปลง ทางกายภาพ การเปลี่ยนแปลง ทางเคมี

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CHAPTER 2 : ATOMIC STRUCTURE

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

9 atomos (n.) 10 atom (n.) 11 nucleus (n.)

Thai Definition

Sentence

The word atomos, meaning "uncuttable", ไม่สามารถแบ่งต่อ was coined by the ancient Greek ไปอีก philosophers Leucippus and his pupil Democritus (c. 460 - c. 370 BC) หน่วยที่เล็กที่สุด The atoms are the smallest particles ของสสาร of matter. แกนกลางของ อะตอมมีประจุ The nucleus is the center of the atom. เป็นบวก

12 positive charge (n.) 13 negative charge (n.)

ประจุไฟฟ้าบวก Proton has a positive charge. ประจุไฟฟ้าลบ

Electron has a negative charge.

14 electron (n.)

17 subatomic particles (n.)

อนุภาคที่มี ประจุไฟฟ้าเป็นลบ อนุภาคที่มี ประจุไฟฟ้า เป็นบวก อนุภาคเป็นกลาง ทางไฟฟ้า อนุภาคย่อยของ อะตอม

18 electrically neutral (n.)

เป็นกลางทาง ไฟฟ้า

There are seven electrons in a Nitrogen atom. Protons have a positive charge and a mass of 1,836 times that of the electron, at 1.6726×10-27 kg. The subatomic particle that has no charge is called neutron. The particles that are smaller than the atom are called subatomic particles. In any atom, the number of protons is always equal to the number of electrons, meaning that the atom is electrically neutral.

15 proton (n.) 16 neutron (n.)

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19 20

22 23

Thai Definition

atomic number จ�ำนวนโปรตอนที่ or proton number อยู่ในนิวเคลียส (n.) เลขที่บอก mass number or ตัจ�ำวนวนอนุ ภาคใน nucleon number นิวเคลียสของ (n.) อะตอม อะตอมของธาตุ ชนิดเดียวกันซึ่งใน นิวเคลียสมีจ�ำนวน isotopes (n.) โปรตอนเท่ากันแต่ มีจ�ำนวนวน นิวตรอนต่างกัน ธาตุต่างชนิดกัน isobars (n.) แต่มีเลขมวล เท่ากัน ธาตุต่างชนิดกัน isotones (n.) แต่มีจ�ำนวน นิวตรอนเท่ากัน ไอโซโทปของธาตุ ที่ไม่เสถียรมีการ ่อลดระดับ radioisotopes (n.) สลายเพื พลังงานโดยการ ปลดปล่อยรังสี ออกมา

25 radiation (n.)

Sentence

The number of protons in the nucleus is called proton number or atomic number. The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of the atom is called nucleon number or mass number. There are three isotopes of a hydrogen atom.

The carbon atom 146 C and the nitrogen atom 147 N are isobars. The nitrogen atom 157 N and the oxygen atom 158 O are isotones Atoms which are not stable and break down, releasing radiation are called radioisotopes. Radiation is energy that is transmitted in the form of waves or streams of particles.

การแผ่รังสี

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Thai Definition

Sentence

A fossil is any preserved remains, ซากดึกด�ำบรรพ์ impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age. การค�ำนวณอายุ Carbon-14 dating is a way of carbon dating ของวัตถุเก่าแก่ determining the age of certain 27 (n.) โดยดูจากปริมาณ archeological artifacts of a biological คาร์บอน-14 origin up to about 50,000 years old. การจัดเรียน Electronic configuration of lithium 28 electronic configuration (n.) อิเล็กตรอน is 2, 1. เชลล์อิเล็กตรอนที่ ม The outermost shell of an atom is 29 valence shell (n.) มีหลัเลขควอนตั กสูงที่สุดที่มี called valence shell. อิเล็กตรอนบรรจุอยู่ อิเล็กตรอนที่ระดับ The number valence electron of an valence electron 30 (n.) ชั้นพลังงานสูงสุด alkali metal is one. ของอะตอม 26 fossil (n.)

CHAPTER 3 : PERIODIC TABLE

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

Sentence

ตารางที่นัก วิทยาศาสตร์ได้ รวบรวมมาตูต่างๆ เป็นหมวดหมู่ The periodic table is a list all the 31 periodic table (n.) ไว้ ตามลักษณะและ elements that are known to us คุณสมบัตทิ เี่ หมือน กันเพือ่ เป็นประโยชน์ ในการศึกษา คาบ, เป็นการจัด Horizontal rows of elements in the PT 32 period (n.) ธาตุตามแนวนอน are called periods. SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

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33 group (n.) 34 metal (n.) 35 non-metal (n.) 36 metalloids (n.) 37 chemical properties (n.) 38 physical properties (n.)

Thai Definition

Sentence

หมู่, เป็นการจัด Vertical columns of elements in the ธาตุตามแนวดิ่ง PT are called groups. A metal is a solid material that is typically hard, shiny, malleable, ธาตุโลหะ fusible, and ductile, with good electrical and thermal conductivity Non-metals are the elements which ธาตุอโลหะ form negative ions by accepting or gaining electrons. A metalloid is an element that has ธาตุกึ่งโลหะ properties that are intermediate between those of metals and nonmetals. A chemical property is a characteristic a substance that may be observed สมบัติทางเคมี ofwhen it participates in a chemical reaction. Examples of physical properties are สมบัติทาง color, smell, freezing point, boiling กายภาพ point, melting point and density.

สารประกอบ A basic oxide is an oxide that shows ของโลหะ basic properties in opposition to acidic 39 basic oxide (n.) ออกไซด์ เมื่อละลายน�้ำจะได้ oxides and that either reacts with สารละลายทีเ่ ป็นเบส water to form a base. สารประกอบ ออกไซด์ของ Acidic oxides, or acid anhydride, are 40 acidic oxide (n.) อโลหะเมื่อละลาย oxides that react with water to form น�้ำจะได้สารละลาย an acid, or with a base to form a salt. ที่เป็นกรด

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Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

oxide 41 amphoteric (n.) 42 atomic size (n.)

energy 43 ionization (n.)

affinity 44 electron (n.)

45 electronegativity (n.) 46 alkali metals (n.) earth 47 alkaline metals (n.)

Thai Definition

Sentence

สารประกอบ ออกไซด์ของกึ่ง An amphoteric oxide is an oxide that โลหะเมื่อละลายน�้ำ can act as either an acid or base in a จะได้สารละลายที่ reaction to produce a salt and water. เป็นทัง้ กรดและเบส The atomic size can be estimated by ขนาดอะตอม measuring the distance between adjacent atoms in a covalent compound. ค่าพลังงานปริมาณ ที่น้อยสุดที่ใช้ใน The general trend of ionization การดึงอิเล็กตรอน energy is its increase moving from วงนอกสุดหลุด left to right across an element period. ออกจากอะตอมที่ อยู่ในสภาวะกาซ The electron affinity of an atom or พลังงานที่อะตอม molecule is defined as the amount of ในสถานะก๊าซคาย energy released when an electron is ออกมาเมื่อได้รับ attached to a neutral atom or อิเล็กตรอน molecule in the gaseous state to form a negative ion. ความสามารถใน As you move across the periodic table การดึงดูด from left to right the electronegativity อิเล็กตรอนในพันธะ increases while it decreases as you เข้ามาหาตัวเอง move down a group of elements. ชื่อของธาตุหมู่ที่ All elements in group one are called 1A alkali metals. The alkaline earth metals are six ชื่อธาตุหมู่ที่ 2A chemical elements in group 2 of the periodic table.

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48 halogens (n.)

Thai Definition

Sentence

The name halogen means saltproducing. A reducing agent is a substance that tends to bring about reduction by being oxidized and loses electrons An oxidizing agent is a reactant that removes electrons from other reactants during a redox reaction. Noble gases like neon is used as bright lights in sign boards which glow at night.

ชื่อธาตุหมู่ 7A

agent สารที่ให้ 49 reducing (n.) อิเล็กตรอน agent สารที่รับ 50 oxidizing (n.) อิเล็กตรอน 51 noble gases (n.) ก๊าซมีตระกูล

CHAPTER 4 : COMPOUNDS OF LIFE

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

54 55 56

Sentence

Metals lose electrons and form positive ions called cations. Non-metals gain electrons and form anion (n.) negative ions called anions. Electrostatic force is the attractive or electrostatic แรงไฟฟ้ า สถิ ต repulsive force between two force (n.) electrically charged objects. พันธะที่เกิดจาก Ionic bond forms when a positively งดูดระหว่าง charged ion forms a bond with a ionic bonding (n.) แรงดึ ไอออนบวกและ negatively charged ions and one atom ไอออนลบ transfers electrons to another. A chemical formula tells us the chemical number of atoms of each element formulae (n.) สูตรเคมี in a compound.

52 cation (n.) 53

Thai Definition

ไอออนที่มีประจุ บวก ไอออนที่มีประจุ ลบ

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Thai Definition

พันธะที่เกิดจาก อะตอมของธาตุ covalent bonding อโลหะใช้ 57 (n.) อิเล็กตรอนร่วมกัน เพื่อปรับให้เสถียร เหมือนหมู่ที่ 8A 58 59

61 62

Sentence

Covalent bond, also called a molecular bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.

Solubility is the ability of a substance solubility (n.) การถูกละลายได้ (the solute), to mix into a liquid (the solvent). พันธะที่เกิดจาก A single bond is a covalent bond single bond (n.) สองอะตอมใช้ between two atoms by the อิเล็กตรอนร่วมกัน formed sharing of one pair of electrons. 1 คู่ พันธะที่เกิดจาก A double bond is a chemical bond double bond (n.) สองอะตอมใช้ two chemical elements อิเล็กตรอนร่วมกัน between involving four bonding electrons. 2 คู่ พันธะที่เกิดจาก A triple bond is a chemical bond in triple bond (n.) สองอะตอมใช้ three pairs of electrons are อิเล็กตรอนร่วมกัน which shared by two atoms in a molecule. 3 คู่ Volatility is a measure of how readily สารอิ น ทรี ย ์ volatility (n.) a substance vaporizes or transitions ระเหยง่าย from a liquid phase to a gaseous phase. A metallic bond is a type of chemical bond formed between positively charged atoms in which the free electrons are shared among a lattice of cations

bonding พันธะโลหะ 63 metallic (n.) SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

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CHAPTER 5 : CHEMICAL REACTION RATE

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

The reaction speed is defined as the change in concentration over time. Rust is an iron oxide, a usually red oxide formed by the redox reaction of iron and oxygen in the presence of water or moisture in air. Fermentation is the process in which a substance breaks down into a simpler substance. Chemical erosion, also called chemical weathering, causes the breakdown and decay of rocks or other geological features through a chemical process. Ignition is a form of combustion, exothermic chemical reactions between a fuel and an oxidant accompanied by the production of heat and conversion of chemical species. Reactants are substances initially present in a chemical reaction that are consumed during the reaction to make products. A product is a substance that is formed as the result of a chemical reaction. Concentration is the ratio of solute in a solution to either solvent or total solution.

speed อัตราการเกิด 64 reaction (n.) ปฏิกิริยาเคมี 65 rust (n.)

สนิม

66 fermentation (n.) การหมัก 67 erosion (n.)

การกร่อน

68 ignition (n.)

การติดไฟ

69 reactant (n.)

สารตั้งต้น

70 product (n.)

สารผลิตภัณฑ์

71 concentration (n.)

ความเข้มข้น

Sentence

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Thai Definition

Sentence

The surface area is simply the area of all of the outside surfaces of a three-dimensional object. Collision theory states that for a collision theory chemical reaction to occur, the 73 (n.) การชน reacting particles must collide with one another. พลังงานที่ต�่ำที่สุด Activation Energy is the least possible activation energy 74 (n.) ที่ใช้เพื่อกระตุ้น amount of energy (minimum) which is ปฏิกิริยาทางเคมี required to start a reaction. A catalyst is a substance that speeds สารที ท ่ ำ � หน้ า ที เ ่ ร่ ง 75 catalyst (n.) up a chemical reaction, but is not ปฏิกิริยาเคมี consumed in the process. 72 surface area (n.) พื้นที่ผิวหน้า

CHAPTER 6 : MACROMOLECULES

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

Sentence

Organic compound is any of a large class of chemical compounds in which สารประกอบที่เกิด one or more atoms of carbon are 76 organic compound (n.) จากสิ่งมีชีวิต covalently linked to atoms of other elements, most commonly hydrogen, oxygen, or nitrogen. A homologous series is a series of สารประกอบ compounds with the same functional homologous 77 series (n.) อินทรีย์ที่มีสูตร group and similar chemical properties โมเลกุลเดียวกัน in which the members of the series can be branched or unbranched. fuels พลังงานทดแทน Alternative fuels are any materials or 78 alternative (n.) substances that can be used as fuels. SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

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Thai Definition

โครงสร้างย่อยของ โมเลกุลที่มี functional group 79 (n.) องค์ประกอบและ โครงสร้าง เฉพาะตัว

Sentence

A functional group is defined as an atom or group of atoms joined in a specific manner, which gives the chemical properties of the organic compound and are the centers for chemical reactivity.

สารประกอบอินทรี In organic chemistry, a hydrocarbon ่ประกอบด้วยธาตุ is an organic compound consisting 80 hydrocarbon (n.) ทีคาร์ บอนและ ไฮโดรเจนเท่านั้น entirely of hydrogen and carbon. 81 alkane (n.)

82 alkene (n.)

83 alkyne (n.)

84 fractional distillation (n.)

สารประกอบ ไฮโดรคาร์บอนที่ พันธะระหว่าง คาร์บอนยึดเหนี่ยว ด้วยพันธะเดี่ยว สารประกอบ ไฮโดรคาร์บอนที่ พันธะระหว่าง คาร์บอนยึดเหนี่ยว ด้วยพันธะคู่ 1 พันธะ สารประกอบ ไฮโดรคาร์บอนที่ พันธะระหว่าง คาร์บอนยึดเหนี่ยว ด้วยพันธะสาม1 พันธะ

An alkane consists of hydrogen and carbon atoms arranged in a tree structure in which all the carboncarbon bonds are single. An alkene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon that contains a carbon-carbon double bond

An alkyne is an unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond.

Fractional distillation is the separation การกลั่นล�ำดับส่วน of a mixture into its component parts, or fractions.

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สารผสมของ บอนที่ 85 petroleum (n.) ไฮโดรคาร์ เกิดเองตาม ธรรมชาติ แก๊สชีวภาพชนิด หนึ่งเกิดจากการ ่งมี 86 natural gas (n.) ทัชีวบิตถมของสิ ทั้งพืชและ สัตว์เป็นเวลานับ หลายล้านปี 87 oil refinery (n.)

88 fractionating column (n.) 89 renewable resource (n.) 90 biodiesel (n.) 91 biodegradable (adj.)

Sentence

Petroleum or crude oil is any naturally-occurring flammable mixture of hydrocarbons found in geologic formations, such as rock strata. Natural gas (also called fossil gas) is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon gas mixture consisting primarily of methane.

An oil refinery is an industrial plant refines crude oil into petroleum โรงกลั่นน�้ำมัน that products such as diesel, gasoline and heating oils. A fractionating column or fractional column is an essential item used in the distillation of liquid mixtures to หอกลั่น separate the mixture into its component parts, or fractions, based on the differences in volatilities. renewable resource is a resource แหล่งทรัพยากรที่ Awhich can be used repeatedly and ใช้ไม่หมดสิ้น replaced naturally. น�้ำมันเชื้อเพลิง Biodiesel is a form of diesel fuel ชีวภาพที่ผ่านการ derived from plants or animals and ผลิตจากน�้ำมันพืช consisting of long-chain fatty acid หรือไขมันจากสัตว์ esters. ผสมกับเอทานอล of biodegradable substances ย่อยสลายได้ตาม Examples are dead plants and animals, their waste, ธรรมชาติ fruits, vegetables, flower, paper, etc.

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92 polymer (n.)

Thai Definition

สารประกอบที่มี โมเลกุลขนาดใหญ่

ปฏิกิริยา การเตรียมสาร polymerization 93 (n.) โมเลกุลขนาดใหญ่ จากสารโมเลกุล ขนาดเล็ก สารโมเลกุลขนาด 94 monomer (n.) เล็กที่ใช้เตรียมสาร โมเลกุลขนาดใหญ่ polymer โพลิเมอร์เกิดจาก 95 addition (n.) ปฏิกริ ิยาการเติม

96 condensation polymer (n.)

โพลิเมอร์เกิดจาก ปฏิกิริยาการ ควบแน่น

กระบานการทางเคมี ให้เกิดการ 97 vulcanization (n.) ทีเชื่ก่อ่อมโยงระหว่ าง โมเลกุลของยาง พอลิเมอร์ 98 synthetic polymer (n.) สังเคราะห์

Sentence

Polymers usually have high melting and boiling points. Because the molecules consist of many monomers, polymers tend to have high molecular masses. Polymerization, any process in which relatively small molecules, called monomers, combine chemically to produce a very large chainlike or network molecule, called a polymer. A monomer is a small molecule that reacts with a similar molecule to form a larger molecule. Addition polymer is a polymer formed by the direct reaction of two or more monomers, and with no resulting water or other by-product. Condensation polymers are any kind of polymers formed through a condensation reaction-where molecules join together-losing small molecules as byproducts such as water or methanol. Vulcanization is a chemical process in which the rubber is heated with sulphur, accelerator and activator at 140 - 160oC. Synthetic polymers are human-made polymers derived from petroleum oil. SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

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Natural Polymers are those substances which are obtained naturally. Saponification is a process by which are reacted with sodium ปฏิกิริยาการเตรี triglycerides or potassium hydroxide (lye) to ยมสบู่ produce glycerol and a fatty acid salt called "soap."

polymer พอลิเมอร์ 99 natural (n.) ธรรมชาติ 100 saponification (n.)

EARTH SCIENCE (GEOLOGY)

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Thai Definition

สาขาวิชาที่ศึกษา องค์ประกอบ 1 geology (n.) โครงสร้างและกระ บานการตาม ธรรมชาติของโลก วิชาที่ว่าด้วยเรื่อง วัตถุบนท้องฟ้า 2 astronomy (n.) เช่น ดวงดาว ระบบจักรวาล ทางช้างเผือก

Sentence

Geology is the science that deals with the earth's physical structure and substance, its history, and the processes that act on it Astronomy is the branch of science which deals with celestial objects, space, and the physical universe as a whole.

Meteorology is a science that deals ชาที่กล่าวถึงเรื่อง with the atmosphere and its 3 meteorology (n.) วิราวของบรรยากาศ phenomena and especially with weather and weather forecasting Oceanography is the branch of การศึกษาเกี่ยวกับ science that deals with the physical 4 oceanography (n.) มหาสมุทร and biological properties and phenomena of the sea. SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

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7 8

Sentence

The crust is the outermost layer of Earth. The mantle is the thick layer of hot, mantle (n.) ชั้นเนื้อโลก solid rock between the Earth's crust and the molten iron core. The center of the Earth is made up of core (n.) ชั้นแก่นโลก two layers, the outer core and the inner core. is a type of heat transfer วิธีการถ่ายเทความ Convection that can only happen in liquids and convection (n.) ร้อนที่เกิดขึ้นใน gases, because it involves those ของเหลว liquids or gases physically moving. Continental crust is thicker, 22 miles km) on average and less dense continental crust เปลือกโลกบริเวณ (35 than oceanic crust, which accounts for (n.) พื้นทวีป its mean surface elevation of about 3 miles (4.8 km). crust is the outermost layer อกโลกบริเวณ Oceanic oceanic crust (n.) เปลื of Earth’s lithosphere that is found พื้นมหาสมุทร under the oceans.

5 crust (n.) 6

Thai Definition

ชั้นเปลือกโลก

Earth's lithosphere includes the crust and the uppermost mantle, which constitute the hard and rigid outer layer of the Earth. The asthenosphere is the highly viscous, mechanically weak and ductile region of the upper mantle of the Earth.

11 lithosphere (n.) ธรณีภาค 12 asthenosphere ฐานธรณีภาค (n.)

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seismic waves in the crust are ่นเกิดจากแผ่น These 13 seismic wave (n.) คลื what people feel when they ดินไหว experience an earthquake. The fossil indicators seeped in after 14 meteorite (n.) ลูกอุกาบาต the meteorite hit Earth. proposed his theory of drift การเลื่อนไหลของ Wegener 15 continental continental drift but could not explain (n.) ทวีป how continents move. Fossil remains of similar organisms on continental drift ทฤษฎี ก ารไหล 16 theory (n.) disparate continents support เลื่อนตัวของทวีป widely the continental drift theory. Pangaea existed when all of the ผื น แผ่ น ดิ น 17 pangaea (n.) เดียวกัน Earth's continents were one big continent. As the seafloor spreading axis moves seafloor spreadการขยายตั ว ของ 18 ing (n.) along the margin, thermal uplift พื้นทะเล produces a ridge. and mid ocean ridges, oceanic เทือกสันเขาใต้ Geography 20 mid contributed greatly to the theory of ridge (n.) มหาสมุทร plate tectonics. 21 trench (n.)

Moving away from the mid-ocean ridge, ocean depth progressively increases; the greatest depths are in ocean trenches. The continental margin, between the continental shelf and the abyssal plain, comprises a steep continental slope followed by the flatter continental rise.

ร่องลึกใต้ทะเล

่ราบก้น 22 abyssal plain (n.) ทีมหาสมุ ทร SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

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23 plate (n.) boundary 24 plate (n.) plate 25 divergent boundary (n.) plate 26 convergent boundary (n.) plate 27 transform boundary (n.) zone 28 subduction (n.) 29 subduction (n.) 30 fault (n.) 31 volcano (n.) chamber 32 magma (n.)

Thai Definition

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Subduction of dense cold plates into the mantle leads to plate tectonics. are three types of แนวรอยต่อของ There boundaries : constructive, แผ่นเปลือกโลก plate destructive and transform. แนวแผ่นเปลือก Mid-ocean ridges are divergent โลกเคลื่อนที่แยก boundaries that push apart two ออกจากกัน plates. แนวแผ่นเปลือก Convergent plate boundaries are โลกเคลื่อนที่ลู่ formed where one plate dives under เข้าหากัน another. San Andreas Fault, a transform แนวแผ่นเปลือก The runs south from the โลกเคลื่อนที่ผ่าน boundary, junction, separating the Pacific Plate กัน and the North American Plate. subduction zones, volcanoes บริเวณเปลือกโลก Above exist in long chains called volcanic มุดตัว arcs. subduction, oceanic crust การมุดตัวของแผ่น Through and lithosphere returns to the เปลือกโลก convecting mantle. รอยแยก Fault is the break in the earth’s crust. The dormant volcano, sitting 10,000 ภูเขาไฟ feet above sea level, is located inside a self-named national park. As the volcano fractured, gases and แอ่งบรรจุหินหนืด volatiles escaped from the magma chamber. แผ่นเปลือกโลก

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33 magma (n.) 34 lava (n.) 35 crater cone 36 volcanic (n.) 37 composite volcano (n.) volcano 38 shield (n.) cone 39 cinder volcano (n.) 40 stratovolcano (n.) 41 ring of fire (n.) 42 hotspot (n.) volcano 43 active (n.)

Thai Definition

Sentence

magma that comes from the หินหนืดที่พบใต้ชั้น The ground during a volcanic eruption is เปลือกโลก referred to as lava. magma that comes from the หินหนืดที่พบบน The during a volcanic eruption is ชั้นเปลือกโลก ground referred to as lava. ปล่องภูเขาไฟ This crater is still active. cone is a conical hill ภูเขาไฟรูปทรง Volcanic produced by volcanic eruption of ash, กรวย cinders, or lava. ภูเขาไฟรูปกรวย, Mount Papandayan is a large กรวดภูเขาไฟ composite volcano. Mount Alayta is a shield volcano in ภูเขาไฟรูปโล่ the Afar Region of Ethiopia. The animal was seen Saturday กรวยภูเขาไฟสลับ evening near the summit of Pilot Butte, a 500-foot-tall extinct cinder ชั้น cone volcano. กรวยภูเขาไฟสลับ Mount Iriga is a stratovolcano about a kilometer from Lake Buhi. ชั้น in Indonesia are a part of วงแหวนแห่งไฟ Volcanoes the Pacific Ring of Fire. บริเวณที่มีความ The ridge was formed by the Nazca ร้อนมากผิดจาก Plate moving over the Easter hotspot. ปกติบนผิวโลก The presence of so many active ภูเขาไฟที่มีพลัง volcanoes is partially compensated by a wealth of mineral springs.

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Thai Definition

volcano ภูเขาไฟที่สงบ 44 dormant (n.) volcano ภูเขาไฟที่ดับแล้ว 45 extinct (n.) เศษหินหรือกระ 46 pyroclastic (adj.) ตอนที่ได้จากการ ระเบิดภูเขาไฟ 47 hot spring (n.)

บ่อน�้ำพุร้อน

48 geysers (n.)

น�้ำพุร้อนที่พุ่งขึ้น จากใต้ดินเป็น ช่วงๆ

49 earthquake (n.) แผ่นดินไหว 50 epicenter (n.)

ศูนย์กลางแผ่นดิน ไหวที่อยู่บนชั้น เปลือกโลก

ศูนย์กลางแผ่นดิน 51 focus (n.) ไหวที่อยู่ใต้ชั้น เปลือกโลก เครื่องมือวัดและ นทึกความสั่น 52 seismograph (n.) บัสะเทื อนที่เกิดจาก แผ่นดินไหว

Sentence

In Owen's Valley is a fine group of extinct or dormant volcanoes. In three of them the volcanoes are entirely extinct, while the fourth is still in great activity. Pyroclastic fragmental volcanic material that has been blown into the atmosphere by an explosive eruption. Iceland is full of hot springs, beautifully coloured rocks, and other natural wonders. The geysers and other hot springs are due to the same causes as the active volcanoes, and the earthquakes are probably manifestations of the same forces. Much damage has been done by earthquakes from time to time. Because Dan was unlucky enough to be standing on the epicenter of an enormous earthquake, he was killed on the spot. The focus is also called the hypocenter of an earthquake. The goal of a seismograph is to accurately record the motion of the ground during a quake. SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

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53 seismologist (n.) 54 thrust fault (n.) 55 normal fault (n.) 56 reverse fault (n.) 57 footwall (n.)

58 love wave (n.)

Thai Definition

Sentence

study earthquakes by นักวิทยาศาสตร์ที่ Seismologists going out and looking at the damage ศึกษาเกี่ยวกับแผ่น caused by the earthquakes and by ดินไหว using seismographs. รอยเลื่อนย้อนมุม A thrust fault is a type of reverse fault ต�่ำ that has a dip of 45 degrees or less. A normal fault is a fault in which the รอยเลื่อนปกติ hanging wall moves down relative to the footwall. A reverse fault is one in which one side รอยเลื่อนย้อน of the fault, the hanging wall, moves up and over the other side, the foot wall. The block of rock that lies on the ผนังพื้น underside of an inclined fault or of a mineral deposit is called footwall. คลื่นพื้นผิวที่ wave is a type of seismic เคลือ่ นที่ได้เร็วทีส่ ดุ Love surface wave in which particles move โดยจะเคลื่อนที่ with a side-to-side ในลักษณะจาก perpendicular to themotion ด้านหนึ่งไปอีก of the earthquake. main propagation ด้านหนึ่ง

Pillow lavas are lavas that contain characteristic pillow-shaped structures 59 pillow lava (n.) หินหนืดทีเ่ กิดใต้นำ�้ that are attributed to the extrusion of the lava under water, or subaqueous extrusion. หน่วยที่ใช้วัดความ Richter scale is a logarithmic scale 60 richter scale (n.) รุนแรงของ used to rate the strength or total แผ่นดินไหว energy of earthquakes. SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

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Rayleigh wave is a seismic surface waves คลื่นที่มีความเร็ว wave causing the ground to shake in 61 rayleigh (n.) น้อยที่สุด an elliptical motion, with no transverse, or perpendicular, motion. คลื่นทุติยภูมิ Secondary wave is a wave motion in wave สามารถเคลื่อนที่ a solid medium where the medium 62 secondary (n.) ผ่านของแข็งได้ moves perpendicular to the direction เท่านั้น of the travel of the wave. Mineralogist is the scientist who study 63 mineralogist (n.) นักแร่วิทยา about minerals 64 mineral (n.) แร่ All rocks are made up of minerals. In earth science, cleavage refers to how some minerals break along flat 65 cleavage (n.) แนวกะเทาะ planes when exposed to stress, such as being hit with a hammer. Fracture is the tendency of a mineral 66 fracture (n.) ท�ำให้แตกร้าว to break along curved surfaces without a definite shape. The degree of hardness is determined by observing the comparative ease or 67 hardness (n.) ความของของแร่ difficulty with which one mineral is scratched by another or by a steel tool. Luster is a property that describes ความสว่ า งของ 68 luster (n.) how light is reflected on the surface of พื้นผิว a mineral The streak of a mineral is the color it 69 streak (n.) สีของผงแร่ displays in finely powdered form.

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70 gemstone (n.) 71 ore (n.)

Thai Definition

Sentence

A gem, or gemstone, is a type of เพชรพลอยที่ยังไม่ material that is capable of being cut and polished for use in jewelry or เจียระนัย other ornamental applications. are mainly four types of ores สินแร่ที่มีคุณค่า There as Oxides; Carbonate Ores; ทางเศรษฐกิจ such Sulphide; Halide Ores.

Chemical composition is the chemical องค์ ป ระกอบทาง 72 composition (n.) เคมีของสาร arrangement, type, and ratio of atoms in molecules of chemical substances. Erosion can be caused by natural 73 erosion (n.) การสึกกร่อน elements such as wind and glacial ice Sediment is solid material that is 74 sediment (n.) ตะกอน moved and deposited in a new location. Weathering is the breaking down of rocks, soil, and minerals as well as 75 weathering (n.) การผุพังอยู่กับที่ wood and artificial materials through contact with the Earth's atmosphere, water, and biological organisms Outcrop is an area of bedrock (solid rock that supports the earth above it) 76 outcrop (n.) ชั้นหินโผล่ that can be seen at the surface of the earth Work is under way to solidify the 77 solidify(v.) ท�ำให้แข็งตัว concrete that supports the building. Igneous rock is formed through the 78 igneous rock (n.) หินอัคนี cooling and solidification of magma or lava. SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

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Sedimentary rocks are often deposited in layers, and frequently contain fossils. A metamorphic rock is a type of rock หินแปร which has been changed by extreme heat and pressure. กระบวนการเชื่อม Cementation is the last stage in the ประสาน formation of a sedimentary rock. Compaction is what happens when การอัดแน่น something is crushed or compressed. Lithification is a process of porosity กระบวนการกลาย destruction through compaction and เป็นหิน cementation. emergence of the insoluble solid การตกตะกอน The from solution is called precipitation. in geology refers to repetitive การเกิดริ้วขนาน Foliation layering in metamorphic rocks Contact metamorphism is the name การแปรสภาพ given to the changes that take place สัมผัส when magma is injected in the surrounding solid rock (country rock).

rock หินตะกอนหรือ 79 sedimentary (n.) หินชั้น 80 metamorphic rock (n.) 81 cementation (n.) 82 compaction (n.) 83 lithification (n.) 84 precipitation (n.) 85 foliation (n.) contact 86 metamorphism (n.)

regional 87 metamorphism การแปรสภาพ บริเวณไฟศาล (n.) 88 fossil (n.)

Regional metamorphism occurs when rocks are buried deep in the crust.

Fossils are part of a plant or animal, ซากดึกด�ำบรรพ์ or its shape, that has been preserved in rock or earth for a very long period

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Fossilization often results in the กรบวนการเกิ ด 89 fossilization (n.) ซากดึกด�ำบรรพ์ impression of an organism being left in a rock. Index fossil is the fossil that is useful ดั ช นี 90 index fossil (n.) ซากดึกด�ำบรรพ์ for dating and correlating the strata in which it is found. 91 92 93 94 95 96 97

living fossil is an organism (such as a horseshoe crab or a ginkgo tree) that ซากดึ ก ด� ำ บรรพ์ ท ่ ี living fossil (n.) มีชีวิต has remained essentially unchanged from earlier geologic times and whose close relatives are usually extinct An example of a cast fossil is a cast cast (n.) รูปพิมพ์ of a plant leave or trilobite. Mold is a hollow container used to give shape to molten or hot liquid mold (n.) แบบพิมพ์ material (such as wax or metal) when it cools and hardens. กระบวนการเกิดแร่ Permineralization is a process of Permineraliในช่องว่างของ fossilization in which mineral deposits zation (n.) ซากดึกด�ำบรรพ์ form internal casts of organisms. ซากดึกด�ำบรรพ์ Most body fossils are of hard parts body fossil (n.) เป็นรูปร่างของสิ่ง such as teeth, bones, shells, or woody มีชีวิต trunks, branches, and stems. fossils provide us with indirect ซากดึกด�ำบรรพ์ Trace of life in the past, such as trace fossil (n.) ร่องรอยของสิ่งมี evidence the footprints, tracks, burrows, borings, ชีวิต and feces left behind by animals. extinction (n.) การสูญพันธ์ Extinction is part of evolution. SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

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Principle of Superposition stats that in an undisturbed sequence of strata, the rocks on the bottom are older than the rocks on the top.

98 superposition (n.) การซ้อนทับ

อายุของชั้นหินที่ The relative age of a rock is its age in 99 relative age (n.) เกิดจากการเปรียบ comparison with other rocks. เทียบ The absolute age of an Earth material อายุ ท แ ่ ี ท้ จ ริ ง ของ 100 absolute age (n.) ชั้นหิน is a measure of how old it actually is in years. 101 half life (n.)

ครึ่งชีวิต

102 varve (n.)

ชั้นของตะกอน

103 tree ring (n.)

วงปี

Scientists measure the rate of radioactive decay with a unit called halflife. A varve is a pair of sedimentary layers deposited in lakes by water that has melted from a glacier. Tree ring patterns provide clues about climates of the past.

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S OC I A L S T U DIES

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VOCABULARY

SOCIAL STUDIES UNIT 1 : JUDAISM

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

Sentence

เกี่ยวกับความเชื่อ Monotheistic belief system usually ว่าพระเจ้ามีองค์ viewed upon believing in one god or เดียว deity. The star player's transcendent transcendent 2 (adj.) เหนือธรรมชาติ performance helped the team to a surprise victory. In accordance with the school’s การท� ำ ให้ 3 accordance (n.) สอดคล้อง policies, The students are supposed to have short hair. 1 monotheistic (adj.)

According to Holy Scripture, God created the world in six days. However, the closest and most เกี ย ่ วกั บ กฎหมาย rabbinic (adj.) ยิว relevant parallel may be found in rabbinic literature. innumerable The project has been delayed by ซึ ง ่ นั บ ไม่ ถ ว ้ น (adj.) innumerable problems. Her musical gifts are a kind of ancestral (adj.) ที่ได้จากบรรพบุรุษ ancestral heritage passed to her from her grandmother. The universe evolved from a densely primal (adj.) ที่มีมาดั้งเดิม packed primal inferno.

4 scriptures (n.) 5 6 7 8

คัมภีร์

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 4

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

Sentence

We welcome the government's affirmation of its intention to act. fans seem to regard the players 10 divine (adj.) เกี่ยวกับสวรรค์ Some as divine beings. The dining room is plush and intimate, 11 intimate (adj.) คุ้นเคย set off by some of the most extravagant floral arrangements in the city. Any public disclosure of this 12 disclosure (n.) การเปิดเผย information would be very damaging to the company. was overawed by the presence 13 presence (n.) การประพฤติตัว She of so many people. person's genetic code is unique 14 unique (adj.) แตกต่าง, โดดเด่น Each except in the case of identical twins. อ�ำนาจสูงสุดใน The sovereignty of the Native 15 sovereignty (n.) การปกครอง Hawaiian race was recognized at the ประเทศ time Hawaii became a state. in the ancient world were 16 covenant (n.) ข้อตกลงร่วมกัน Covenants solemn agreements He demands unquestioning 17 obedience (n.) อ่อนน้อม obedience from his soldiers. Mr Clarke's insurance company had การออกหมาย 18 summons (n.) เรียก issued summons for unpaid mortgage loan. The bomb shelter has concrete walls 19 concrete (n.) คอนกรีต that are three metres thick. 9 affirmation (n.) การยืนยัน

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 4

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

20 intimate (adj.)

Thai Definition

Sentence

The father of three children by three women doesn't have a girlfriend and says he hasn't been intimate with anyone in two months.

คุ้นเคย

UNIT 2 : ISLAM

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

Sentence

The new law was finally promulgated in the autumn of last year. The streets were illuminated with ท�ำให้สว่าง strings of coloured lights. We need to make fundamental รากฐาน changes to the way in which we treat our environment. He lives a life of consummate ที่เชี่ยวชาญ happiness Monotheism characterizes the ความเชื่อว่า traditions of Judaism, Christianity, and พระเจ้ามีองค์เดียว Islam, and elements of the belief are discernible in numerous other religions He was noted for his strict adherence การยึดมั่น to the rules. called on terrorists on both sides เกี่ยวกับนิกาย He the sectarian divide to end the ย่อยๆ ในศาสนา ofcycle of violence. He has established a nascent political พึ่งเริ่มใหม่ party.

1 promulgate (v.) ประกาศใช้ 2 illuminate (v.) 3 fundamental (n.) 4 consummate (adj.) 5 monotheism (n.) 6 adherence (n.) 7 sectarian (adj.) 8 nascent (adj.)

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 4

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

9 conspicuous (adj.)

Thai Definition

Sentence

In China, her blonde hair was conspicuous. College Board officials said the arise more from 10 socioeconomic เศรษฐกิจเชิงสังคม difficulties (adj.) socioeconomic than from ethnic differences. ลักษณะพื้นฐาน The ethos of the traditional family firm 11 ethos (n.) ทางด้านสังคมที่มี is being threatened. ร่วมกันของกลุม่ คน 12 secular (adj.) 13 distinguish (v.) 14 commission (n.) 15 astonish (v.) 16 egalitarianism (n.) 17 discrimination (n.) 18 autonomy (n.) 19 inaugurated (v.)

ที่เห็นได้ชัดเจน

We live in an increasingly secular เกี่ยวกับทางโลก society, in which religion has less influence on our daily lives. จ�ำแนกความ It is not easy to distinguish Thai from แตกต่าง Filipinos. The government has set up a คณะกรรมการ commission to investigate the problem of inner city violence. was astonished by how much she'd ท�ำให้ประหลาดใจ Igrown. ลัทธิความเสมอภาค Some people believe in egalitarianism. Until 1986 most companies would not even allow women to take the exams, การแบ่งแยก but such blatant discrimination is now disappearing. การปกครอง The universities want to preserve their ตนเอง autonomy from central government. The new building was inaugurated เริ่มต้น last week.

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 4

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

20 catalytic (adj.)

Thai Definition

Sentence

The compounds are formed through a catalytic reaction called oxidation.

เกี่ยวกับการเร่ง

UNIT 3 : CHRISTIANITY

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

Sentence

้ที่มีสิทธิเลือกตั้ง He angered his constituency by voting 1 constituency (n.) ผูในเขตเลื อกตั้ง against the bill. Christology is the part of theology that is concerned with the nature and work including such matters as 2 christology (n.) คริสต์ศาสนาวิทยา oftheJesus, Incarnation, the Resurrection, and his human and divine natures and their relationship. religious denomination is a subgroup เกี่ยวกับการตั้งชื่อ, Awithin 3 denominational a religion that operates under a (adj.) เกี่ยวกับนิกาย common name, tradition, and identity. The best films are those which transcend national or cultural barriers. Few were able to resist this charismatic 5 charismatic (adj.) ที่มีเสน่ห์ดึงดูด and persuasive leader. She claimed that the rise in การแสดงให้เห็น unemployment was just a further 6 manifestations (n.) อย่างเด่นชัด manifestation of the government's incompetence. The centre was awarded a grant for 7 outreach (n.) การเผยแพร่ outreach to the homeless. detail of her wildlife paintings is a 8 testament (n.) หนังสือพระคัมภีร์ The testament to her powers of observation. 4 transcend (v.)

อยู่เหนือ

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 4

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

Sentence

The museum has artifacts dating back to prehistoric times. I wasn't complaining, It was merely 10 merely (adv.) เพียงเท่านั้น the expression of being tired. Sometimes above the many gods a polytheistic religion will have a 11 polytheism (n.) พหุเทวนิยม supreme creator and focus of devotion, as in certain phases of Hinduism. ดพ้น, Salvation by faith through grace is the 12 salvation (n.) ความหลุ การไถ่บาป fundamental belief of Christians. Redemption from the evil bonds and 13 redemption (n.) การไถ่ถอน setting our souls free is a priority for believers. plight of the poor/homeless is 14 plight (n.) สภาพเลวร้าย The increasing day by day. ้อแท้, แท้จริง, Maths is an intrinsic part of the school 15 intrinsic (adj.) เนื ที่อยู่ภายใน curriculum. He is a great devotee of the prime 16 devotees (n.) ผู้อุทิศตัว minister. 17 salivate (v.) ท�ำให้น�้ำลายออก The dog was salivating. ค�ำสอนของพระ Gospels can also mean god stories. 18 gospels (n.) เยซู Primitive races colonized these 19 primitive (adj.) แบบดั้งเดิม islands 2,000 years ago. Metaphor and simile are the most 20 metaphor (n.) ค�ำอุปมา commonly used figures of speech in everyday language. 9 artifacts (n.)

สิ่งเทียม

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 4

GEOGRAPHY UNIT 1

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

Sentence

You should wear some light-coloured ที ส ่ ามารถมองเห็ น 1 visible (adj.) clothes when you're cycling at night ได้ so that you're more visible. At least three aspects of philosophical 2 anthropology (n.) มานุษยวิทยา anthropology have been of prime interest to philosophers of religion. A screen-printing firm can have as 3 classify (v.) จัดกลุ่ม many as 500 employees and still be classified as a small business. We are striving to reach an agreement which will satisfy the 4 several (adj.) หลากหลาย several interests of the parties concerned. Elections may be nominally free, but governments engage in extensive 5 extensive (adj.) กว้างขวาง gerrymandering, manipulation of voter registration and harassment of opposition parties. The differentiating criterion is the extension of surface vestiges and the 6 landform (n.) ธรณีสัณฐาน different possible landform transformations. It now seems unlikely that it will be 7 settlement (n.) การจัดการ possible to negotiate/reach a peaceful settlement of the conflict. The bridge is designed to withstand 8 withstand (v.) ทนต่อ earthquakes.

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 4

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

9 fossil (n.) 10 mineral (n.) 11 cereal (n.) 12 suitability (n.) 13 interaction (n.) 14 mountainous (adj.)

Thai Definition

Sentence

and a few graptolites ซากพืชหรือสัตว์ที่ Chitinozoans were found in the unit, but no other เป็นหิน fossils. A healthy diet should supply all แร่ necessary vitamins and minerals. ธัญพืช Do you want cereal or eggs? There were doubts about his ความคู่ควร, suitability for the job. There's not enough interaction ปฏิกิริยา between the management and the workers. This area is mountainous region.

ที่เป็นภูเขาสูง

การทับถมกันของ Before the court case, we had to give สสาร a deposition. Have we got adequate food for 20 16 adequate (adj.) พอ guests? The government should be playing a 17 prominent (adj.) ที่ยื่นออกมา more prominent role in promoting human rights. These plants need a rich soil that 18 moisture (adj.) ความชื้น retains moisture. The dance was based on several 19 legend (n.) ต�ำนาน Hindu legends. Many habitats such as mangroves 20 mangrove (n.) พืชชายเลน and wetlands are disappearing fast. 15 deposition (n.)

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 4

UNIT 2

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

Sentence

There is a twelve-fold difference in precipitation across the peninsula region. The strict regulations imposed by 2 onshore (adj.) ที่อยู่บนฝั่ง onshore banks make tax evasion difficult. There has been a significant increase 3 significant (adj.) ซึ่งมีความหมาย in the number of women students in recent years. You can grow dwarf conifers in pots 4 dwarf (adj.) ที่แคระแกร็น on the patio. The arithmetic was sufficiently 5 harsh (adj.) กระด้าง unfavorable, even in the short term, certain harsh measures were required. ที่ราบที่ไม่มีต้นไม้ How will the tundra-taiga interface 6 tundra (n.) ในขั้วโลกเหนือ respond to climate change? Three polar assumptions about 7 polar (adj.) เกี่ยวกับขั้วโลก economic openness are successively handled. Shrubs are usually seen during dry 8 shrubs (n.) ไม้พุ่ม season due to lack of rainfall. distance is much farther than I 9 farther (adj.) ไกลออกไปอีก The expected. Four patterns are discerned here in 10 taiga (n.) ป่าสนผลัดใบ the cycle of the northern biotype in the zones of tundra and taiga. 11 possess (v.) เป็นเจ้าของ She was possessed by the devil. 1 peninsula (n.)

คาบสมุทร

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 4

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

Sentence

Only a small area was affordable and is used to line the grassy courtyard. Heavy rainfall and harsh weather 13 erosion (n.) การกัดกร่อน conditions contribute to soil erosion from time to time. The ancient structures and 14 ancient (adj.) เก่า monuments stand as a witness for the glorious past. Sedimentation of the coal-bearing sedimentation การทั บ ถมของ 15 (n.) was controlled by both ตะกอนเป็นชั้นหิน succession autogenic and allogenic factors. The marshes along the coast are 16 marsh (n.) แอ่งน�้ำ home to many shorebirds. The belt of coniferous forest is 17 coniferous (adj.) เกี่ยวกับต้นสน dominated by evergreen pine, spruce, larch and fir trees. The semi-deciduous forest canopy in 18 deciduous (adj.) ซึ่งผลัดใบ the area is c. 35 - 40 m high. The introduction of modern machines 19 coastal (adj.) ที่ใกล้ชายฝั่ง has improved the effectiveness of coastal rice-growing technology. Nearly 50% of the shoreline is 20 glacier (n.) ธารน�้ำแข็ง dominated by the caving ice fronts of the large outlet glaciers. 12 grassy (adj.)

ซึ่งปกคลุมด้วย หญ้า

UNIT 3

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

1 rear (adj.)

Thai Definition

There's a sticker on the rear window.

หลัง

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

Sentence

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 4

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

2 plateau (n.) 3 meteorology (n.) 4 archaeology (n.) 5 geological (adj.) 6 combination (n.) 7 invaluable (adj.) 8 urban (adj.) 9 grid lines (n.)

10 vertical (adj.) 11 directional indicator (n.)

Thai Definition

Sentence

Most of the plateau region is dry and less vegetative. The meteorology department has อุตุนิยมวิทยา updated the weather forecast an hour ago. We both studied archaeology at โบราณคดี university before coming to work at the museum. เกีย่ วกับธรณีวทิ ยา, The complex geological structure of ทางธรณีวิทยา the region is clarified. Strawberries and cream - a perfect การรวมกัน combination. new job will provide you with ซึ่งประมาณค่ามิได้ The invaluable experience. The council is committed to a เกี่ยวกับเมือง program of urban regeneration. การแสดงข้อมูล เป็นตารางกริดใน High voltage Grid lines are usually แบบแปลนปลายข connected away from densely องเส้นกริดเสาเป็น populated areas. วงกลม She looked over the slope and found ซึ่งตั้งตรง she was standing at the edge of a vertical cliff. Directional indicator is a symbol that เครื่องหมาย indicates direction on a map with บอกทิศ arms that point to the cardinal and intermediate ที่ราบสูง

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 4

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

Sentence

Draw a horizontal line across the bottom of the page. An overhead power line is a structure สั ญ ลั ก ษณ์ บ อกเส้ น used in electric power transmission 13 power line (adj.) ระบบไฟฟ้า and distribution to transmit electrical energy across large distances. There is a list of abbreviations printed 14 abbreviation (n.) การย่อ in the last page of the book. ปร่างของพื้น The rugged contour of the coast is 15 contour (adj.) ตามรู ดิน pointed in the map. This calculator performs scientific, trigonometric เกี ย ่ วกั บ วิ ช า 16 (adj.) statistical, and trigonometric ตรีโกณมิติ calculations. 12 horizontal (adj.) ตามแนวนอน

เส้นวงกลมที่ลาก The prime meridian of longitude 17 meridian (n.) ผ่านขั้วโลกเหนือ passes through Greenwich, London. และใต้ตามยาว There are northern and southern 18 hemisphere (n.) ซีกโลก hemispheres. The new tax system would be 19 calculate (v.) คาดการณ์ว่า calculated on the value of property owned by an individual. The villagers cultivate mostly maize 20 cultivate (v.) เพาะปลูก and beans. UNIT 4

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

1 burden (n.)

Thai Definition

The war had put a monumental financial burden on the country.

ภาระ

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

Sentence

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 4

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

Sentence

I’ve admitted committing several crimes, including fraud. ด Overcrowding in classrooms is an 3 overcrowding (n.) ความแออั ยัดเยียด important issue in this election. The fire was thought to have been 4 explosion (n.) การระเบิด caused by a gas explosion. It is too difficult for anyone using a 5 access (v.) เข้า wheelchair to access the building. ความถูกต้องตาม There's no justice in the world when 6 justice (n.) กฎหมาย people can be made to suffer like that. You could feel the tension in the room 7 tension (n.) ความเครียด as we waited for our exam results. Without the adequate provision for 8 adequate (adj.) พอเพียง childcare, many women who wish to work are unable to do so. Many illnesses in these temporary 9 sanitation (n.) สุขอนามัย refugee camps are the result of inadequate sanitation. She is obsessed with personal 10 hygiene (n.) สุขลักษณะ hygiene and washes constantly. Mexico City is one of the most 11 densely (adv.) หนาแน่น densely populated cities in the world. กระจาย The infection is highly contagious, so 12 contagious (adj.) ซึได้่งงแพร่ ่าย don't let anyone else use your towel. They opened a shelter to provide 13 shelter (n.) ที่พัก temporary housing for the city's homeless. 2 crime (n.)

อาชญากรรม

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 4

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

Sentence

The civil war is making orphans of many children. These very poor women who are used 15 mule (n.) คนหัวดื้อ as mules by drug barons often get long prison sentences. managed to smuggle a video of 16 smuggle (v.) ลักลอบน�ำเข้า They the captive journalists out of the prison. is a gendered, sexualized, 17 prostitution (n.) การค้าประเวณี Prostitution and racialized labor system. Pornography is the portrayal of sexual 18 pornography (n.) เรื่องเร้ากามารมณ์ subject matter for the exclusive purpose of sexual arousal. doctor prescribed some medicine 19 prescribe (v.) แนะน�ำ, ก�ำหนด The and told her to have a week's rest. การอ่านออกเขียน Far more resources are needed to 20 literacy (n.) ได้ improve adult literacy. 14 orphan (n.)

เด็กก�ำพร้า

UNIT 5

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

1 feudalism (n.) 2 duke (n.) 3 originate (v.)

Thai Definition

Sentence

He furthered some of the ideals of the ระบบศักดินา French Revolution by abolishing feudalism. ขุนนางชั้นสูงของ They trace their line of descent back อังกฤษ to a French duke. The game is thought to have ก�ำเนิดขึ้น originated among the native of Alaska.

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 4

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

4 brook (n.) 5 tributary (n.) 6 elevation (n.) 7 erode (v.) 8 riverbed (n.) 9 meander (v.) 10 debris (n.) 11 grit (n.) 12 drainage (n.) 13 dendrite (n.) 14 basin (n.) 15 folklore (n.)

Thai Definition

Sentence

I could hear the sound of a babbling brook. Missouri River is a tributary of แม่น�้ำสายย่อย The the Mississippi River. plan shows the front, side, and การยกให้สูงขึ้น This back elevations of the new supermarket. The cliffs are eroding several feet a กร่อน year. Lots of soft soil is collected in the ทางที่น�้ำไหลผ่าน riverbeds during dry season which helps farmers for short term cultivation. ไหลคดเคี้ยว, We spent the afternoon meandering วกเวียน around the streets of the old town. ขยะ, Debris from the aircraft was scattered ซากปรักหักพัง over a large area. กรวด The road had been covered with grit. The swamp has poor drainage การระบายน�้ำ throughout. The neurons had conical somas with แตกแขนง well-defined networks of neurites and dendrites extending from the cell body. The central river basins and the great อ่างน�้ำ plains of Europe serve as the breadbasket for the whole continent. ประเพณีเกี่ยวกับ Her books are often based on ขนบพื้นบ้าน folklore and fairy-tales. ล�ำห้วย

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 4

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

Sentence

Asia’s paddy fields produce large quantity of grains than any place in the world. important to store perishable food 17 perishable (adj.) เน่าเปื่อยได้ง่าย It's in a cool place. On the outskirts of the bazaar, livestock dealers lead their swarming 18 livestock (n.) ปศุสัตว์ herds along narrow village paths lined by millet-stalk fences. The Great Plains are a broad 19 expanse (n.) พื้นที่กว้าง expanse of grassland. Much of the city was under water 20 levee (n.) เขื่อนกั้นน�้ำท่วม after floods broke levees and forced the evacuation of 50,000 people. 16 paddy (n.)

นาข้าว

UNIT 6

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

1 plateau (n.)

Thai Definition

A plateau is a high flat land which runs through several miles. Volcanoes have sculpted the topography of the island. A tableland is a butte, flank of a mountain, or mountain, that has a flat top. We picked the corn that had been missed during harvest. We have an accumulation of junk over the years.

ที่ราบสูง

2 topography (n.) การท�ำแผนที่ 3 tableland (n.)

ที่ราบสูง

4 harvest (n.)

การเก็บเกี่ยว

วกัน 5 accumulation (n.) การรวมตั ขึ้นมา SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

Sentence

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 4

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Thai Definition

Sentence

Shrimps are decapod crustaceans with elongated bodies and a primarily shrimp (n.) กุ้ง swimming mode of locomotion - most commonly Caridea and Dendrobranchiata. ดไม้ท�ำลาย Deforestation is destroying large deforestation (n.) การตั ป่า areas of tropical rainforest. The pesticides that farmers spray on pesticide (n.) ยาฆ่าแมลง their crops kill pests, but they can also damage people's health. rain depletes the region’s fish depletion (n.) การท�ำให้หมดสิ้น Acid stocks. Styrofoam is a trademarked brand of Styrofoam (n.) โฟม closed-cell extruded polystyrene foam (XPS), commonly called "Blue Board". The Arabian oilfields supply more oilfield (n.) บ่อน�้ำมัน crude oil to the world than any other country. The teacher drills them in arithmetic drill (v.) เจาะ every day. She wouldn’t hazard a guess about hazard (v.) อันตราย the meaning of the word. gasses used in aerosols were aerosol (n.) ละอองของเหลว The damaging the atmosphere. High levels of contaminants have been found in the groundwater, contaminant (n.) สิ่งปนเปื้อน causing concernsabout possible health risks to nearby neighborhoods.

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 4

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

16 peroxide (n.)

Thai Definition

ออกไซด์ที่มี ออกซิเจน 2 อะตอม

Sentence

Peroxide is a bleach and an antiseptic.

Hydrosulfite is a white crystalline powder with a weak sulfurous odor. สารเคมี ท ่ ี ใ ช้ ม าท� ำ 17 hydrosulfite (n.) สารฟอกขาว Although it is stable in the absence of air, it decomposes in hot water and in acid solutions. I was so devastated and I was crying 18 devastated (adj.) ท�ำลายล้าง constantly. Revealing that information might 19 endanger (v.) ถูกคุกคาม endanger our national security. New Orleans is famous for its 20 maginificent อลั ง การ (adj.) magnificent old oak trees. UNIT 7

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

1 advancement (n.) 2 3 4 5

Sentence

การเคลื่อนไปข้าง All she was interested in was the หน้า advancement of her own career. Irrigation is the application of irrigation (n.) การชลประทาน controlled amounts of water to plants at needed intervals. Janet is very interested in historic preservation (n.) การสงวน preservation. The United Nations charter sets forth charter (n.) กฎบัตร goals we all admire. He stopped rowing and let the boat drift (n.) กองดิน drift. SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 4

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Sentence

Alligators live in these swamps. pets like snakes and tropical exotic (adj.) มาจากแหล่งอื่น Exotic birds. It seems clear to me that people are creature (n.) สิ่งมีชีวิต creatures of emotion. perspective (n.) มุมมอง He brings a new perspective to the job. In the desert there’s a drastic change drastic (adj.) รุนแรงมาก in temperature from day to night. The crust is the outermost solid shell คลุ ม ด้ ว ยเปลื อ ก crust (n.) of a rocky planet, dwarf planet, or แข็ง natural satellite. A reservoir is also a large supply of reservoir (n.) อ่างเก็บน�้ำ water that could be used if needed. The coat was too long, so I took it alter (v.) เปลี่ยน back to the store to have it altered. The moon is a natural satellite of the satellite (n.) ดาวเทียม earth. approximation to the former type meteorologist นักอุตุนิยมวิทยา An of body is found in the cup of the (n.) meteorologist's anemometer. wind velocity recorded at the velocity (n.) อัตราความเร็ว The airport was 78 miles per hour at 4 p.m. Ice cover prevents evaporation of evaporation (n.) การระเหย water from the lake surface. The building has to be strong enough withstand (v.) ขานต่อ to withstand severe winds and storms.

6 swamp (n.) 7

Thai Definition

หนองน�้ำ

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 4

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

สิ่งมีชีวิตขนาดเล็ก 19 microorganism ทีม่ องไม่เห็นได้ (n.) ด้วยตาเปล่า 20 precautionary (adj.)

ป้องกันไว้ก่อน

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

Sentence

One could hypothesize the existence of microorganisms that can tolerate this level of sulphuric acid that have not yet been discovered. The company has withdrawn the drug from the market as a precautionary measure.

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 4

TAKE UP ONE IDEA. MAKE THAT ONE IDEA YOUR LIFE - THINK OF IT, DREAM OF IT, LIVE ON THAT IDEA. LET THE BRAIN, MUSCLES, NERVES, EVERY PART OF YOUR BODY, BE FULL OF THAT IDEA, AND JUST LEAVE EVERY OTHER IDEA ALONE. THIS IS THE WAY TO SUCCESS.

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

OC C U PAT I O N

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 4

VOCABULARY

OCCUPATION UNIT 1-3 : DESIGN TECHNOLOGY AND GRAPHIC DESIGN

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

1 bradawl (n.) 2 oscillator (n.) 3 composite (n.)

Thai Definition

Sentence

bradawl is then twisted through เหล็กส�ำหรับเจาะรู The degrees which displaces the fibers เพื่อตอกตะปูไร้หัว 90 creating a hole. เครื่องก่อกระแสไฟ There are oscillators in computers, สลับ metal detectors and even stun guns. are often combined with other สิ่งที่ประกอบขึ้น Plastics to create a new group of จากหลายส่วน material materials called composites.

To remain in equilibrium, the hanger 4 equilibrium (n.) สมดุล,ดุลยภาพ exerts an equilibrant force of 12 N vertically upwards. It is impossible to build an antenna this big. Instead, say we give 5 modulation (n.) การปรับ modulation a chance and use a 1000 kHz carrier wave to carry the signal. A synchronous motor is one in which the rotor normally rotates at the same 6 synchronous ตรงกั น , พร้ อ มกั น (adj.) speed as the revolving field in the machine.

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 4

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

Sentence

An automatic transmission uses sensors to determine when it should 7 transmission (n.) การส่งผ่าน shift gears, and changes them using internal oil pressure. A peripheral device is any auxiliary that connects to and works with 8 peripheral (adj.) อุปกรณ์ต่อพ่วง device the computer to either put information into it or get information out of it. This experiment shows you some of การทดลอง, 9 experiment (n.) การทดสอบ the properties of circuits which contain resistors, capacitors, and inductors. When a member of a structure, such 10 torsion (n.) การบิดเป็นเกลียว as the jib of a crane or the shaft of a motor is made to twist, it is in torsion. Veneers are thin slices of wood less 11 veneer (n.) แผ่นไม้อัด than 0.5 mm thick. ก Designing for comfort and safety is 12 ergonomic (adj.) ตามหลั สรีรศาสตร์ called ergonomic design. ออด, กริ่ง, Buzzers make a loud noise when 13 buzzer (n.) สัญญาณไฟฟ้า connected to a battery. สัดส่วนของ Typical anthropometric 14 anthropometric (n.) ร่างกาย measurements for wheelchair user. ขดลวดแม่เหล็ก A solenoid is a long coil of wire 15 solenoid (n.) ไฟฟ้า wrapped in many turns. The parallel and perpendicular color perpendicular and may be locked with 16 (adj.) ตั้งฉาก, ตั้งตรง isshiftmagenta, once you see it indicated on the screen. SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 4

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

Sentence

The two inferences that are not invoked until you have begun an operation are parallel and perpendicular. For new users, this persistent selection 18 persistent (adj.) ที่คงอยู่นาน can result in accidental moves of geometry. Move spindles up in blue direction to underneath 19 (prep.) ข้างล่าง, ภายใต้ underneath the bottom surface of the tabletop. There are some nuances to deleting ความแตกต่ า งกั น 20 nuance (n.) connected faces and edges in นิดหน่อย SketchUp. Let’s look at them. การสร้างภาพ เคลื่อนไหวโดยการ When computer animation is used for 21 animation (n.) ฉายภาพนิง่ หลายๆ movies, it is often called ภาพต่อเนื่องกัน computer-generated imagery (CGI). ด้วยความเร็วสูง การสร้างภาพที่ต่อ Frame-by-Frame lets you create เนื่องกันแล้วน�ำมา animation videos using any webcam/ frame-by-frame 22 (n.) วางเรียงกันให้ดู video camera connected to your เหมือนมีการ เคลื่อนไหวจริง computer. การถ่ายทีละ แล้วน�ำมา Stop motion animation has a long 23 stop-motion (n.) เฟรม เรียงต่อกันจนเกิด history in film. การเคลื่อนไหว 17 invoke (v.)

ก่อให้เกิด, น�ำมาซึ่ง

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 4

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

Sentence

งานแอนิเมชั่น ประเภทนี้ animator จะต้อง Clay Animator contains the most in clay animation เข้าไปท�ำการ 24 (n.) information on animation เคลื่อนไหวโดยตรง depth กับโมเดล และ process. ท�ำการถ่ายภาพ เอาไว้ทีละเฟรมๆ Computerโปรแกรมที่สร้าง CGI is used for visual effects because การเคลื่อนไหว computer generated effects are more 25 GeneratedImagery (CGI) ของภาพโดยใช้ controllable than other more (n.) คอมพิวเตอร์ physically based processes. Animation สร้างภาพ 2D Animation can be found just by 26 2D (n.) เคลื่อนไหวสองมิติ turning on your TV. 3D Animation can be used to create Animation สร้างภาพ wholly 3D productions as short as an 27 3D (n.) เคลื่อนไหวสามมิติ advertisement or as long as a feature film. 28 caricature (n.) การ์ตูนล้อเลียน The trial was a caricature of justice. 29 exaggeration (n.) การพูดเกินจริง Exaggerated his own role in the episode. A perspective of history; a need to 30 perspective (n.) มุมมอง, โลกทัศน์ view the problem in the proper perspective. A murderer sometimes revisits the 31 scene (n.) ฉาก scene of his crime. การถ่ายภาพยนตร์ The shot show attracts buyers from ในครั้งหนึ่งที่มีช่วง all 50 states and more than 100 32 shot (n.) เวลาที่ต่อเนื่องโดย countries. ไม่หยุด SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 4

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

35 36

37 38 39

Thai Definition

Sentence

ขั้นตอนในการ จับใจความส�ำคัญ เนื้อเรื่องแต่ละฉาก Following scripts is useful because it script (n.) ทัง้ ก�ำหนดมุมกล้อง saves time. เทคนิคพิเศษ รวม ถึงเวลาเคลื่อนไหว ตอนหรือช่วง เหตุการณ์ซึ่งเกิด A script is important to know the order นหลายๆ ซีน or sequence that events take place in sequence (n.) จากซี มารวมกัน โดยมี a story. ความสมบูรณ์ของ เนื้อหา Even the simplest statements of plot plot (n.) เค้าโครงเรื่อง may include multiple inferences, as in traditional ballads. Their movements can be easily ภาพนิ่งของ manipulated between frames with frame (n.) อนิเมชั่น minimal risk of damage to the puppet itself. เครื่องมือที่ใช้ใน Using storyboards, directors are ่อ better able to control pacing, dialogue storyboard (n.) การวางแผนสื ภาพวิดีโอ and action, among other things. แอนิเมชั่น พื้นที่ที่ใช้ในการ Set the stage for the best way to stage (n.) แสดง show off an action. Someone who scriptwriting for plays scriptwriting (n.) การเขียนบท or movies or broadcast dramas.

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 4

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

40 pixilation (n.)

Thai Definition

Sentence

การน�ำนักแสดง จริงมาขยับแทน วัตถุท�ำให้เกิด We love the creative little ideas they ความรู้สึกที่ก�้ำกึ่ง were able to make work using ระหว่างภาพความ pixilation. จริงกับโลกที่เหนือ จริง

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

Morning Assembly Prayer Let us pray to the Lord of mercy, Who loves us tremendously, Who graciously protects us, Dear God, please grant us fortitude and strength, So that we can study well all day long. Please help us to progress creatively, To be good from day to day, To be honest, and morally conscious. Please bless our nation, and His Majesty our King, Bless our parents and teachers, Bless our fellow countrymen, So they may love one another, And live happily in peace and harmony. Amen.

Afternoon Prayer Let us pray to the Lord our God, Who is full of love and mercy, Who protects us from all evils, A day has passed and we have gained much knowledge. We thank you Lord for your mercy, Please bless and protect our nation, His Majesty our King, Our parents and teachers, Please forgive us our trespasses, And lead us away from temptation, and deliver us from danger. Amen.

THE ECHO OF LIFE A son and his father were walking on the mountains. Suddenly, the son falls, hurts himself and screams: “AAAhhhhhhhhhhh!!!” To his surprise, he hears the voice repeating, somewhere in the mountain: “AAAhhhhhhhhhhh!!!” Curious, he yells: “Who are you?” He receives the answer: “Who are you?” Angered at the response, he screams: “Coward!” He receives the answer: “Coward!” He looks to his father and asks: “What’s going on?” The father smiles and says: “My son, pay attention.” And then he screams to the mountain: “I admire you!” The voice answers: “I admire you!” Again the man screams: “You are a champion!” The voice answers: “You are a champion!” The boy is surprised, but does not understand. Then the father explains: “People call this ECHO”, but really this is LIFE. It gives you back everything you say or do. Our life is simply a reflection of our actions. If you want more love in the world, create more love in your heart. If you want more competence in your team, improve your competence. This relationship applies to everything, in all aspects of life. Life will give you back everything you have given to it. YOUR LIFE IS NOT A COINCIDENCE. IT’S A REFLECTION OF YOU!

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY M.4

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