China Rural Workshop 2016 Final Layout by Yue Wu

Travis Bunt | Travis Bunt Shanzhai City | 山寨城市

Lam Tat | 林达 Future+ Academy | 未来+学院 Land+Civilization Compositions | L+CC

Jason Hilgefort | Jason Hilgefort Columbia University | 哥伦比亚大学

Yujing Han/Yifan Tao/Wen Zhou | 韩宇婧/陶一凡/周闻 Shenzhen University | 深圳大学

Ting Zheng | 郑婷 Taiyuan University of Technology | 太原理工大学

Gang Chen | 陈刚 Tongji University | 同济大学

Yue Wu | 吴越

Content 目录

Research Introduction | 研究概述

Case Studies | 研究案例

12 14 16 18

Root Cause Analysis | 乡建现状根本原因分析

Houwu Village, Huzhou, Zhejiang | 后坞村，湖州，浙江 Lianghu Village, Jincheng, Shanxi | 良户村，晋城，山西 Haotang Village, Xinyang, Henan | 郝堂村，信阳，河南 Tangjiazhuang, Huangshan, Anhui | 汤家庄村，黄山，安徽

Appendix | 附录 Original Investigation Data | 原始调研数据

52 74 100

118 120

Research Introduction 研究概述

Rural China Workshop Introduction 中国农村发展工作坊简介

The goals for this research is focused on issues of development in rural China. As China’s urban population begin to overtake its rural population, the question of how to preserve the country’s remaining rural landscape has drawn national attention. This workshop is researching several villages each representing pre, current, and post development. The focus is placed on researching more sustainable models of rural development based on the following points: 1.Collaborating with local communities and production methods 2.Social innovation to rural developments 3.Community making and value co-creation 4.Rural infrastructure 5.Participatory Planning The visited villages are unique in its development models. The team had 2 weeks to do first hand field research in the following villages: 1.Moganshan in Zhejiang - Tourism / BnB / Organic Farming / Current to Post Development 2.Lianghu in Shanxi - Tourism / Historic Preservation / Pre to Current Development 3.Haotang in Henan - Micro Finance / Cooperatives / Rural Focused Design and Planning Institute (Xiang Jian Yuan) / Current Development 4.Tangjiazhuang in Anhui - Tourism / BnB / Tea Farming / Pre Development 5.Bishan in Anhui - Culture / Arts / Crafts Preservation / Incomplete Development Documentation in the villages include interviews with different parties such as local administrative staff, villagers, social entrepreneurs, and developers. Questionnaires for villagers include basic household information; household structure, income, education, and attitude towards specific development models in order to compare the villagers’ quality of life before and after development. Ultimately, this research documentation reveals the underlying relationships between a complex system involving villagers, village collectives, local governments, upper level governments, third party developers, and non-profit organizations.

随着中国城市人口数量开始超越农村人口，怎样保护和开发遗留下来的乡村已成为大家共同关注的焦点。中国农村的发展在现阶段有一定的延缓，然而这并不是因为它们缺少发展潜力。这些农村地区结合自身现实环境，很多都具有链接到城市的发展机会，受到相关的教育，有热情去创新。但是推进农村发展的任务是艰巨的，最大问题往往是不知道发展该如何推进。在这种情况下，我们认为可以从各个城市的创新模式中学习，知悉并改进其他城市创新模式。进而我们可以整理出一个复制目录，记录中国各地农村发展实践的最佳案例，包括基础设施改进模型、投资发展模型以及社会创新模型等，以清楚说明和诠释现有的创新案例。哥伦比亚大学、山寨城市和未来 + 学院基于过去一个月的基础研究，希望通过农村发展工作坊可以建立一个人人可用的指引农村创新发展的开源手册。我们希望手册可为农村发展起到作用并为当地民众服务。研究团队围绕着中国农村发展相关的问题展开调研。研究选择了处于开发前、开发中和开发后不同时期的不同发展模式下的中国农村，进行定点案例调研，通过以下几个方面重点探寻中国农村发展的更加可持续的模式：与当地社区及生产方法合作共谋发展；农村发展的社会创新；社区营造和价值共创；乡村基础设施建设；参与式规划。并基于浙江莫干山、山西良户村、河南郝堂村、安徽汤家庄、安徽碧山五个不同发展模式的乡村的田野调查，研究了农村发展中参与个体如村民、村集体、基层政府、上级政府、第三方开发商以及非营利机构之间的不可分离的多个层面的合作关系。工作坊将以这五个乡村为出发点，进行手册梳理制定。工作坊研究成果将会参加展览及形成出版物。

This workshop is the first step towards forming a long term relationship with various institutions researching the issue of rural China development. Future exhibitions and publications with Shenzhen Center for Design and Future+ Academy will include this workshop amongst other research programs focused on rural China development. impossed ut que ea num sin conet landaeris es arciist quia qui am re pro qui offictectum fugit, tecum as explabor rem faccusam, seritatus, sequi sus eum estibust ma qui rero tem sinciam quibus, omni

Research Background 研究背景

In the wake of a slowing Chinese economy, weighted down by sputtering contemporary models of urban real estate development, attention has shifted towards rural development – now becoming a common focus of both the public and private sectors. Public investment from governments and non-government institutes is pouring into rural China to alleviate poverty; simultaneously, private investors and philanthropies now see rural development as a potentially unlimited market for scalability and growth. However, this new found interest is not merely a matter of financial speculation, there is palpable urgency for rural development to drive a more sustainable and stable socio-economic platform for the country. Rural China is no longer just a propaganda, but indeed the critical challenge for both private and public sectors to face in the new era of developing China. In October 2005, the historical mission developing socialist new countryside was proposed by the Central Government. In 2013, the central government released “document no.1” which set forth the aim of attempt in building beautiful villages. Local governments have been exploring much new rural planning from top to down. However, the planning have always been neglecting the rural realities, or imitating urban planning. Although a lot of manpower and financial resources were contributed into some villages, the desired goals were not realized, and rural traditional culture were discarded.

in June. Then, participants might travel to specific sites for case study and research and work on the materials for create a Copy Cat Catalog, including social entrepreneurship and community making in village development, coop development, etc.Based on the knowledge gained in the past month from the research team (Columbia University, Shanzhai City and Future + Academy), we will produce a manual that will start an open source handbook for rural innovations. That we hope will lay the groundwork for the advancement of china’s countryside and its people. 1. Cases of rural development models 2. Financial modelling of sustainable rural development 3. Development strategies to work with local communities and pro duction methods 4. Social innovation to rural development 5. Community making and value co-creation 6. Rural development and rural infrastructure 7. New participatory planning 8. Datafication and internet technology infrastructure implementation

Meanwhile, the villagers have been searching for the down-up development. The villagers living in the coastal developed areas, are the pioneers to catch the developing opportunities. With cooperating the private investments, they float quickly from property, to e-commerce, to food and community-making, even turn to peri-urban areas. In fact, the task of promoting the rural development is daunting. The biggest issue is not knowing what to do. In this case we suggest that we can learn from how cities often innovate – by learning for others models and improving them. Therefore we will create a Copy Cat Catalog. It will document and share some of the best practices from around rural china, including the infrastructure, economic investment and social innovation models extra. It will clearly illustrate and explain these existing innovations. Columbia University Studio X,Shanzhai City Farm Think program and Future +Academy collaborate to develop a long term research project on future development model for rural China. The program will start in June. Then, participants might travel to specific sites for case study and research and work on the materials for create a Copy Cat Catalog, including social entrepreneurship and community making in village development, coop development, etc.Based on the knowledge gained in the past month from the research team (Columbia University, Shanzhai City and Future + Academy), we will produce a manual that will start an open source handbook for rural innovations. That we hope will lay the groundwork for the advancement of china’s countryside and its people.

1 The exterior facade

2 The interior furniture

3 The poultry raised in free range

4 The E-business advertisement 9

随着中国经济增长放缓，在当代城市房地产开发低迷的重压之下，开发的注意力已然转向农村发展。如今，无论对公营还是私营机构，农村发展都已成为大家共同关注的焦点。政府和非政府机构的公共投资正在涌入中国农村扶贫；同时，私人投资者和慈善事业都能看到农村发展在市场中潜在的无限可扩展性和成长性。然而，这个新兴的关注点不仅是是金融机构投资的问题，对农村发展来说，更为迫切的是需要推动一个面向全国的、更加可持续以及稳定的社会经济发展平台。中国农村不再只停留在口号，而是确确实实成为私营和公共部门面对中国发展的新时代时期的重大挑战。 2005 年 10 月，政府提出建设社会主义新农村的重大历史任务。随后，在 2013 年中央一号文件中，提出了要建设“美丽乡村”的奋斗目标。各地进行大量的自上而下的新农村规划建设探索，但规划设计往往忽略农村实际情况，或者单纯照搬照抄，强行模仿城市的规划模式，导致一些农村规划建设付出较大的人力、物力、财力却并没有达到预期的效果，乡土传统文化丧失。同时，村民们也在寻求自下而上的发展。沿海发达地区的乡村最早抓住发展机会，协同私人投资，在房地产、电子商务、食品和社区营造领域迅速兴起，甚至链接到城市的发展机会，走上了城市化的道路。事实上，推进农村发展的任务是艰巨的，最大问题往往是不知道发展该如何推进。在这种情况下，我们认为可以从各个城市的创新模式中学习，知悉并改进其他城市创新模式。进而我们可以整理出一个复制目录，记录中国各地农村发展实践的最佳案例，包括基础设施改进模型、投资发展模型以及社会创新模型等，以清楚说明和诠释现有的创新案例。哥伦比亚大学 Studio X 、山寨城市和未来 + 学院展开农村智慧合作，进行对于中国未来农村发展模式的长期研究。本计划从六月开始，对当下国内 30 多个热点乡村案例进行广泛的分析，并选取四个案例展开深入研究。进而整理出一个复制目录，记录中国各地农村发展实践的最佳案例，包括基础设施改进模型、投资发展模型以及社会创新模型等，以清楚说明和诠释现有的创新案例。哥伦比亚大学、山寨城市和未来 + 学院基于过去两个月的基础研究，希望通过农村发展工作坊可以建立一个人人可用的指引农村创新发展的开源手册。我们希望手册可为农村发展起到作用并为当地民众服务。 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

农村发展模式农村可持续发展的金融模型与当地社区和生产方法的共事的发展战略农村发展的社会创新社区营造和价值共创农村发展和农村基础设施新的参与式规划信息化与互联网技术基础设施落实策略

The rural kids make handcrafts with the volunteers in the nearby colleges 10

Resaerch Basement and Methodology 研究基础

Initially, the participants analyzed and discussed the development conditions, the village conditions, the advantages and constraints of 30 rural areas. The development conditions are including development model, development mode and measures. The village conditions are including rural products and infrastructure. The details are as following. And the development model is classified into eco, festival and event, heritage, art and culture. Typical examples are Nantang Village, Pinzhai Xiang, Bishan Village, Hong Village, Xiaozhou Village. Then the participants added two development models of rural e-commerce and rural industrial The former representative is Taobao Village. According to Ali in 2015 Taobao Village research shows that there are a total of 780 villages in China, an increase of 268% in 2014. Local governments have been increasing the policy supports to strengthen the development of Taobao Village. It is the rapidly developing stage that governments and markets promote rural e-commerce together. The latter's most famous representative in China is Huaxi Village. On the basic research, the participants tried to go to the village from different development modes and development stages, and to record their development mode. The early research projects are including Jinxiu Village and Moganshan of Zhejiang , Yan Ji Zhen of Zhejiang, Bi Shan and Tonga Zhuang of Anhui, Haotang Village, Henan, Lianghu Village of Shanxi, and Virginia Dani of Xinjiang. At last, confined by the research time and the characteristics of the rural areas, the participants took Houwu Village, Lianghu Village, Haotang Village and Tangjiazhuang Village as key case study. It took 31 day to finish the travel to 6 villages. Looking forward to the follow-up study in development model of the China rural, the team members can continue to follow the 4 case study, and to explore the villages did not study we didn’t visited yet.

1 Maoxian in Sichuan Province

2 Jinzezhen in Shanghai

3 Pingzhaixiang in Yunnan Province

4 Vizdan in Xinjiang Province

5 Hongcun Village in Huangshan

6 Xiaozhoucun Village in Guangdong

7 Bishan Village in Huangshan

8 Xucun Village in Shanxi Province

最初，我们针对 30 多个乡村的发展条件、发展现状以及发展优势和制约因素进行广泛地分析和讨论。其中发展条件分为发展模式、发展方向、方式方法；发展现状包括农产品和基础设施现状，详细信息见下表。并将发展模式进行归类，分为艺术文化、历史遗迹、节日事件、生态环境、基础设施，典型代表对应的分别是小洲村、宏村、碧山村、平寨乡、南塘村等。随后又增加电子商务和工业乡村两种发展模式。前者典型代表是淘宝村，据阿里 2015 年淘宝村研究表明，符合标准的淘宝村目前共有 780 个，同比 2014 年增长 268%。各地政府对淘宝村的扶持政策正在不断加强，农村电商逐步进入市场与政府协同推进的阶段。而后者在国内最出名的代表就是华西村。在现有研究基础上，试图前往不同发展模式和开发阶段的乡村 , 调研记录其发展的模式。原定调研计划包括广西金秀县、浙江莫干山和颜集镇、安徽碧山村和汤家庄、河南郝堂村、陕西良户村，以及新疆维吉达尼。最后由于研究时间和乡村自生发展特征等因素的影响。研究小组最后确定了莫干山后坞村、良户村、郝堂村、汤家庄作为调研的重点对象，共分两次，走访六个村子，完成了 31 天的田野调查。希望在后续乡村研究中，小组成员可以继续对这 4 个案例进行跟踪调研，并探索未研究乡村。 12

The Study of Rural Development 中国农村旅游开发模式概述 General Information

14Bishan Cun碧山村

Anhui

58.5

0.29

15Feixi Xian肥西县

Anhui

1961

16Nantang Cun南塘村

Anhui

30.5

0.28

17Huang Cun黄村

Anhui

9.95

0.39

18Hong Cun宏村

Anhui

4.1

0.14

19Tangjia Zhuang汤家庄

Anhui

21.1

0.1

20Landu Cun兰渡村

Henan

19.4

0.13

21Nanma Zhuang 南马庄

Henan

11.5

0.14

22Huzhai Cun胡寨村

Henan

0.18

23Putaojiao Xiang葡萄架乡

Henan

168

2.4

24Haotang Cun郝堂村

Henan

0.23

25Luojia Cun罗家村

Henan

15.3

0.17

26Xu Cun许村

Shanxi

0.12

27Zhaizi Cun寨子村

Shanxi

15.38

0.14

28Moganshan莫干山

Shanxi

1.6

29Jiuzhaigou Zhen 九寨沟镇

Sichuan

1305

0.6

30Xiaozhou Cun小洲村

GuangDong

0.6

No Special Attractions

913

Lost Attractions

16.8

Weakness

Zhejiang

Single Model

13Huangnilin Cun黄泥岭村

Pollution

160

High Competitiveness

1246

Lack of Support

Jiangsu

National A-level Scenic Spot

12Wujing Qu武进区

Strength

6.29

Heritage

11Jinze Zhen 金泽镇

Uniqueness

0.21

106.49

Long Development Hiostory

Shanghai

National Non-heritage Protection

Shanghai

Internet

10Jianshe Cun建设村

Infrasturcture

0.168

Power

20.1

Water

Shanghai

Electricity

9Xianqiao Cun仙桥村

Minerals

Handmade Products

2381

Prospect

Village Product

Fujian

Tea

8Ninghua Xian宁化县

Honey

0.144

Ftruits

13.4

Livestock

Fujian

Fish

7Peitian Cun培田村

Wood

0.0003

Grains and Crops

0.046

Protect Ecology

Hai’nan

Measures

6Boxue Cun博学村

Promote Agriculture Products

108

Festivals

1762

Hostel

Sichuan

Field Study and Document

5Yilong Xian仪龙县

Health and E ducation

Modernization of Infrastucture

3903

Fair Trade

Sichuan

Promate Local Art Work

4 Mao Xian 茂县

Eco-farming

Operative Organization

447.8

Down-Top

Sichuan

Village Condition

Develop Mode

3 Luojiang Xian罗江县

Top-Down

115

Infrastructur

3464

Eco

Guangxi

Develop Model

2 Heng Xian 衡县

Festival and Event

0.6

Heritage

382.9

Art and Cuture

Yunnan

Train

Air

1 Pingzhai Xiang 平寨乡

Transportation

Population (Ten Thousand)

Area( Sq. Km)

Location

Case

Development Condition

The Route of Investigation 调研路线

The first travel Set from Shenzhen to Tangjiazhuang Village in Huangshan, Anhui Province, June 6th

07.07 To Taiyuan Plane | 1090 KM 07.07 至太原

Return to Shenzhen by train, June 21st

飞行距离1090公里

07.07 To Gaoping Train | 230 KM 07.07 至高平

It cost 16 days.

07.08 To Lianghu Taxi | 14 KM

The second travel

07.08 至良户

火车距离230公里

公路距离14公里

Set from Shenzhen to Hangzhou by air, July 4th. Then travel Houwu Village and Moganshan. 07.14 To Hefei

Fly to Taiyuan from Hangzhou and visit Lianghu Village, July 7th.

07.14 至合肥

Leave from Gaoping to Xinyang, in Henan province, July 11th.

Train | 300 KM 火车距离300公里

07.04 To Houwu Bus | 60 KM

07.11 To Haotang Train | 520 KM

07.04 至后坞公路距离60公里

07.11 至郝堂

Transfer to Huangshan via Hefei, July 14th. Investigate Tangjiazhuang Village, Bishan village and Hongcun Village in Huangshan. Return to Shenzhen via Xianmen, July 18th.

火车距离520公里

07.16 To Bishan

07.04 To Hangzhou

Taxi | 50 KM

Plane | 1050 KM

It cost 15 days.

07.04 至杭州

07.16 至碧山

飞行距离1050公里

公路距离50公里

07.16 To Hongcun

06.06 To Tangjiazhuang

07.16 至宏村

06.06 至汤家庄

Taxi | 10 KM

公路距离10公里

Train | 910 KM 火车距离910公里

07.14 To Tangjiazhuang Train | 260 KM

07.14 至汤家庄火车距离260公里

07.18 To Xiamen Train | 580 KM 07.18 至厦门

火车距离580公里

06.21 To Shenzhen Train | 910 KM 06.21 至深圳

火车距离910公里

07.18 To Shenzhen Train | 460 KM

第一次行程： 6 月 6 日调研小组从深圳出发至安徽省黄山市汤家庄村 6 月 21 日调研小组途经厦门回到深圳累计耗时 16 天第二次行程： 7 月 4 日调研小组飞往杭州，至湖州市德清县莫干山调研后坞、瘐村、YYO、莫干山景区 7 月 7 日从杭州转乘飞机至山西省太原市，搭火车至高平市，最终到达良户村 4 天的调研后，离开良户村，搭乘火车至河南省信阳市，7 月 11 日早上 8 点到达信阳郝堂村 7 月 14 日通过合肥转车前往黄山市调研汤家庄村、碧山村、宏村后 7 月 18 日乘车转车至厦门，最后回到深圳累计耗时 15 天

07.18 至深圳

火车距离460公里

Investigation Framework 调研框架 According to the survey results, interviews and questionnaires, the following part illustrate four rural cases . 1.Houwu Village in Moganshan—Consolidation Stage—Eco—Down-top 2.Lianghu Village in Shanxi —Exploration Stage—Heritage—Top-down 3.Haotang Village in Henan— Development Stage—Infrastructure—Downtop and Top-down 4.Tangjiazhuang Village in Huangshan—Exploration Stage—Eco—Down-top

2 Tangjiazhuang in Anhui Province

Focus 1.The development process 2.The rural finance 3.The rural infrastructure 4.Non-governmental organization 5.Community making

Main contents 1.Rural summary—Location, economic and social condition, ecological environment, agricultural environment 2.Development process— The important activities of local governments, villagers' committee, villagers and non-governmental organizations in rural construction 3.Layout—Space characteristics, settlement pattern, open space and public building, infrastructure 4.Community—Rural community relationship, villagers recognition, villagers willingness 5.Special topics according to the characteristics of different rural development—rural tourism, non-governmental organizations, rural finance, rural education, etc 根据调研成果、访谈和问卷信息的梳理，本册针对四个乡村案例展开介绍

1 Houwu Village in Zhejiang Province

3 Lianghu Village in Shanxi Province

1、莫干山后坞村——发展成熟阶段——生态环境——自下而上 2、陕西省良户村——发展初期——历史遗迹——自下而上 3、河南郝堂村——发展中期——基础设施——自上而下和自下而上 4、黄山汤家庄——发展初期——生态环境——自下而上重点调研 1、发展建设历程 2、乡村金融发展 3、乡村建设和基础设施发展 4、非政府组织和社会企业 5、乡村社区营造分别结合发展概括——区位条件，经济社会基础数据，自然生态，农耕环境发展历程——重点说明地方政府、村委、村民、非政府组织在乡村建设中的重要活动及其影响空间布局——空间环境特征，建筑聚落形态，乡村风貌特征，公共空间和公共建筑，基础设施社区营造——村民社群关系，认可度、发展意愿，

4 Haotang Village in Henan Province 18

根据各乡村不同发展特征，展开专题研究包括：乡村旅游、非政府组织、乡村金融、乡村教育等。 19

Research Case 研究案例

Rural Construction Root Cause Analysis 乡建现状根本原因分析

HOUWU VILLAGE HUZHOU, ZHEJIANG

Overview

浙江湖州后坞村

The first bnb opened in Houwu village was Shangri-La. The bnb is categorized into two different levels then, namely "Yangjiale" and "Nongjiale", which are designated unifiedly as bnb afterwards. "Yangjiale" is firstly opened by Fujian people and korean, mainly aiming at hosting foreign people. Recently the majority of minsu is self-support, while rental ones account for 10, operater from Hangzhou or local village. Last year, the households finished ownership registration. With the development of bnb industry, the commercial banks especially open bnb preferential loans. Such loan preferential policies are generally put forward by government and negotiated with bank, while the loan process simplified and the interest lowered. Farmers could use registered households applying for loan. The infrastructure in Houwu is highly completed by government subsidies, including lighting engineering and buried pipelines.

概况

Total Population

总人口： 1,659 Households

村民户数： 640 Rural Population

村内人数：约1000 Elderly over 60

六十岁以上老人数：348 Bnb

农家乐数：约120

后坞村第一家民宿为 2006 年所开设的香格里拉。当时民宿分为两个档次，分别为“洋家乐”和“农家乐”，现在都统一叫做民宿。 “洋家乐”最早由福建人与韩国人开设，主要用于接待外国人。现在民宿项目自营的占大多数，出租的占十来家，杭州的有，本地的也有。去年农房进行了确权登记，加上民宿开设较多，故商业银行特别开设民宿贷款与贷款优惠。该些优惠政策一般由政府跟银行协商，简化贷款流程和降低利息。农民可以有产权的农房做抵押进行贷款。后坞村的市政设施建设较完整，由政府财政补贴完成。其建设项中包括亮化工程与管线地埋等。

Economics & Policies

more investors' advertises

经济政策及发展历程

1st developer opens naked home village yang jia le

government new rural development policy

yv village bicycle club

yi yuan nong chang (yyo) established basic infrastructure 1st nong jia le opened by villagers in 2005

shangri-la

4 nong jia le total

2nd nong jia le hollywood opens

minsu admin. regulation

beautiful villages policy

masterplan

organic certification

village workers

preserve water reservoir

village wide wi-fi

closed factories

howoo life opens

he mei jia yuan certificate

10M RMB in taxes

132,000 minsu visitors 146M RMB revenue

30M RMB in taxes

25M RMB in taxes

234,000 visitors 236M RMB

18 nong jia le total

461,500 visitors ~600M RMB 15

123 nong jia le total

10 rented nong jia le

Interview with Yu Shan

后坞村委会大学生村官余珊访谈 The origin and development of the bnb The first bnb in Houwu village is Shangri-La built in 2006. At that time, the bnb is divided into two kinds, respectively, "Yangjiale" and "Nongjiale". Now they are called bnb. The first Yangjiale owners are the persons from Fujian Province and South Koreans, mainly for the reception of foreigners. At present, most of the bnb owners is our villagers. The outsiders account for a small number. Commercial banks have added the bnb special loans. The government negotiated the preferential policies with the banks, to simplify the loan process and lower the interest rates. We have registrated their housing ownership. Farmers can have loan with their housing property right as the mortgage. The infrastructure construction paid by the government finance subsidy has finished, much better than before. In 2010, we applied for Beauty Home project and got the subsidy 4,000,000 yuan. Since 2014, we have applied for Beautiful Livable Model Village project. After the province government approving, we will get the subsidies, high to 10,000,000 yuan. Now some villagers are building their houses and going to operate bnb. I don't know if they have done a market survey, before running the bnb. Some villagers have seen their neighbor making money though the bnb and some loose cash. Then they make a decision to copy their neighbor without two seconds think. Illegal construction and the solutions The villagers would like to add their rooms to accept more guests. Some bnb owners are not satisfied with the regulation of three layers per house, and add up to four or five layers. But we still have no specific treatment measures to the illegal construction. We may refer the measures made by Anji Country government. They have two methods that the villagers can choose. The first way is to demolish the addition areas. The other is to pay a fine for them. And the addition areas will belong to the village cooperative. Then the villagers have to pay the tax for them. However the final measures are still under negotiation.

chery，cable sliding，CS and so on. Some villagers sell dried bamboo shoots, dried sweet potato, and tea in their bnbs or the mobile stalls. Houwu Life owner coming from Hangzhou has rented several houses and operated a handcraft shop. Infrastructure The infrastructure in Houwu village is contributed to the government subsidies, which need to inspect if our infrastructure construction is qualified. At first, the villager government loaded 400,000yuan from the banks and paid land acquisition fee for the villagers, which we call Policy Processing. Other projects, like widening the road generally start without money, and are paid by the village account from the higher authorities allocated funds. We have made the unified signs for the roads and the bnbs. covered the whole village with WiFi, and constructed the micro power septic tank. The reservation of the small-scale peasant economy There was a bamboo shoot factory. But now it's off. The benefit of the mushroom left a lot to be desired. Until last year, it began to reform to be a private company and plant the mushroom stick. Now the only cooperative in the village s the bamboo cooperative, which has stopped production. We are checking in the land ownerships. However each household accounts are change every year. Only the private plot is definitized.

The tax If the income of the bnb owner is less than 30,000 yuan per year, they will get free tax. The bnb tax is 6%. The local government doesn't receive too much tax. Houwu Life is the largest taxpayer among the the bnb owners in Houwu village. Some famous bnb in Moganshan may pay much taxes. For example, Naked Retreated pay 12 million tax per year. Our village government is not involved in tax and investment, which is all in the charge of the town government. The village cadres just do volunteer work for the villagers. The Tourism Most of the tourists are the senior, and coming from Shanghai. The young like to come here, doing some outdoor activities, like riding. There are team-building activities playground. They are many projects which also includes ar30

民宿的起源与发展后坞村第一家民宿为 2006 年所开设的香格里拉。当时民宿分为两个档次，分别为“洋家乐”和“农家乐”，现在都统一叫做民宿。 “洋家乐”最早由福建人与韩国人开设，主要用于接待外国人。现在民宿项目自营的占大多数，出租的占十来家，杭州的有，本地的也有。去年农房进行了确权登记，加上民宿开设较多，故商业银行特别开设民宿贷款与贷款优惠。该些优惠政策一般由政府跟银行协商，简化贷款流程和降低利息。农民可以有产权的农房做抵押进行贷款。后坞村的市政设施建设较完整，由政府财政补贴完成。2010 年创办“和美家园”精品村补贴 400 万，2014 年开始申请“和美家园”精品示范村省级“美丽宜居”示范村，创建成功将获补贴上千万元，其验收标准中要求有亮化工程与管线地埋等。村里还在盖的房子也还挺多的，我也不知道他们有没有做市场调查，农村里面的人，如果不是外面见过很大世面的，可能看到别人家的民宿长期有生意，正好自己手里也有点闲钱，房子空着也是空着，就想装修装修，能接待一下也好，可能一年两个人的工资肯定赚的出来，是这么想的，所以就会都开。

违建以及其处理办法现在违建想要造民宿觉得房间不够，后坞只允许造三层，很多都建到四层。这些规划里面都是有的，但是违建的处理办法现在还没有出来，安吉那边已经出来了，我们会参考他们的。他们就可能，你超面积超层的那种，如果你同意拆，那就最好。如果不同意拆，或者拆不了，那就按照你超出面积的部分罚款，罚好之后那点面积就属于村集体，然后以后每年你就要跟村里交税这样子。目前就是以这样的方式，但是具体办法还没有定。以前这里不是叫筏头乡吗，现在改成莫干山镇了，就是乡改镇的过程中有些问题还没有处理好，所以这个还没有落实下来，还在协调。做民宿的还种田吗？有的还种，自己种点米种点菜自己吃。

税务一年三万以内免税，三万以上要交税，民宿税点在 6% 左右。政府收不到太多的税。后坞就一个后坞生活可能交的多一点，就像莫干山那边那个裸心谷一年要给政府交 1200 万的税嘞。村委会不参与收税和招商引资，全部由镇政府来负责。村，跟你们实话说好嘞，村干部就跟他们做做义务劳动，跟村民跑跑腿啦，通知通知，都是镇政府发的工资。我们这里只有报账员，没有会计，只有出纳。

旅游情况 32

来这里比较多的，上海的，比较多的是上了年纪的，喜欢来这里。也有年轻人过来，做一些户外活动，我们这里有骑行布道什么的。还有来搞团建活动的，他们有公众号，他们设计的项目里面也有射箭和索道滑行等。索道滑行的话在莫干山那边也有一个叫 difficult 基地。年轻人搞团队活动，也打 CS 什么的。这边小店会卖点笋干，番薯干，茶叶等，一般就家门口卖卖，菜场流动车卖卖，也有一些放在民宿里面的。文化礼堂里面也有。后坞生活是杭州的老板开的，他就是租了好几栋房子的。他那里面有个手工作坊。

基础设施、公共设施与垃圾处理后坞村的市政设施建设比较完整，由政府财政补贴完成。2010 年创办“和美家园”精品村补贴 400 万，2014 年开始申请“和美家园”精品示范村，创建成功补贴上千万，省级“美丽宜居”示范村，验收标准中要求有亮化工程和管线地埋制等。村里一开始跟银行贷款 40 万，首先要付钱给老百姓征收土地的费用，我们这个叫政策处理，比如马路拓宽等，工程招标等一般开始不用钱的，验收之后再付钱，由上期拨款经过村委的账户打给工程公司。银行贷款一般就是一年的期限，利息跟正常信用贷款一样。村里的道路和民宿做了统一的指示牌，由村委出钱全村覆盖了 WIFI，污水处理：在村委会后面埋有微动力化粪池。（周闻：后面采访村民了解到的现在农家乐越来越多，已经出现了以前安装的污水处理系统不能容纳这么大的容量，古枫农家乐的阿姨抱怨他们家门口的化粪池每天早上都是粪尿横流，要自己打扫，也一直没有人维修。村里现在要求每家做农家乐的都要做单独的化粪池，投入在 2-4 万之间。业主觉得成本太高，同时不理解为什么不能直接接入现有的污水管线。这个问题成为后坞村基建的隐患之一。）公共设施有文化礼堂公共厕所和居家养老服务中心。但是这里只提供午饭，六十岁以上的老人去哪里可以只有出五块钱买一份饭，七十岁以上就四块，八十岁以上就三块，九十岁以上就免费，这样。他们都住自己家养老。要到养老院的话就要到以前的乡，现在就是镇上就有一家。后坞现在没有小学，有个幼儿园。上小学的话这边有车过来接，接到筏头，那里有幼儿园，小学，初中，每天早晚校车接送。村里有个统一的填埋场，生活垃圾德清县环卫工人一体化，所以在村里也有环卫工人每天每天扫街道，清理垃圾桶，再送到垃圾中转站。学校教育

与养老服务

小农经济的保留以前有个笋厂，现在关掉了。蘑菇基地，种在棚子里，去年开始改革了，种成菌菇棒了。以前的效益不是很好，所以去年就改掉了。这个是私人有限公司。村里唯一的合作社就是毛竹合作社，基本没有营运。土地确权，现在没有确权，现在在做。每户人家的户口人家每年都在变，只有自留地是确定的，其他的家庭承包土地每年都会有一些变化。 33

Interview with Huang Haijun 清境·原舍开发商黄海骏访谈

Mr Huang has engaged in the tourism industry in the long time. And now he is managing the Yu village Cultural Market. Yu Village Culture Market contains culture exhibition, children playground, rural education, catering and hotel etc. Every month there are a lot of social groups to loan the cultural market as their site to organize the various cultural activities, such as riding and music festival. The price of their bnb is between 800 yuan and 2000 yuan per night, which belongs to the high-end consumer. During the interview , Mr Mr Huang voiced for Moganshan high-end tourism consumption market. We thought he represented the high-end market developers in Moganshan and didn’t support Moganshan current low-end bnb market development trend. After the investigation, we hold that the consumption market in Moganshan is transforming from the high-end to the middle or low-end. Mr Huang: The first new rural construction of China was a failure .It made a lot of villages turn to urbanization style. And the country is disappearing.We just want to try to activate some of the decaying villages before those villages are destroyed. The rural construction is a very slow process, which need our patience. We don’t know if our measure will be successful. Now we are crossing the river by feeling the stones. This project was earlier than Naked Retreats and Le Passage. It has a sister project , the Shifang Village in Wuxi. Before our development, this place is a hollow village. There was not such a young man like you. At that time the individual income is only about 1000 yuan. Q: Why did you chose this place as a culture market? A: Now young successful people would like to go hiking. We took Shanghai as the center and draw a circle on Google earth. Moganshan is the nearest mountain range to Shanghai. We chose a village in Lishui , a little far away from Shanghai. We have also rented some houses in this hollow village . In the beginning the price was low. But the rental has risen to 30,000 yuan per year.

Q: What are the difficulties in rural construction? A: My opinion is very simple that some village leaders are the uncouth fellows. They force to copy some of the good projects, in despite of the local condition and the finance. The predatory exploitation is ruinous. How to adjust the measures to the local conditions is the most difficult and important to rural development. Q: It is reported that your market are open to the villagers. They sold the agriculture products on the market stall. How did you think of the way to activate the village? A: Those activities that villagers set up the stall were raised by the local government. It is unrealistic to sell vegetables and pork in our cultural market. But the local villagers have little cultural crafts. It doesn’t mean to say that the uncles and aunts have no culture and knowledge. They are lack of the correct guidance. They can’t do it by themselves. The most famous bnbs in Moganshan are operated by the overseas returnees and the young man from Shanghai. The local bnbs operated by the villagers have increased a bit too much recently, which are sub-standard. But the local government can’t limit the local bnb construction. After all, they have right to operate bnbs at their houses. However the price of some local bnbs is not proportional to their environment. Even the price is 1,000 yuan per night, two times than five-star hotel. They have no real content, no independent brand, no preliminary market research and no publicity channels. I think there will be big reshuffle in the two years, Q: What are your bnb doing? Did it help many villagers or developers operate the bnbs? A: No, it is not a real college at all. In fact, we are a chamber of commerce, to unite to maintain our legal rights. The local government wanted to organize it a long ago. But many well-known hostel operators are in High cultural background. And their experience is far more than the local officers. The local officers have no ability and the economy to guide them. Q: What are your plans for the next step in Moganshan? A: We will stop to invest Moganshan. Now Moganshan has turned to be what we are extremely unwilling to see. The market is moving towards the lower-end consumer groups, who bring in the noise. The one liking Moganshan is driving a car, with children and dog, and enjoying the quiet life. What is the value of our 1000-yuan room? It is our idea of life. And now Moganshan is too noisy . They’re going to be disappointed and never come back.

黄园长之前从事旅游行业，现在是管理庾村文化集市管理者。庾村文化集市包含了文化展示、艺术公园、乡村教育培训、餐饮配套、艺术酒店等一系列业态在内。每个月有不少社会团体在这里租借场地，组织的各种文化活动，如骑行、音乐节等。其民宿清境原社价格在 800-2000 元 / 晚，属于高档消费范畴。在交谈期间，黄园长表达了莫干山高端旅游消费市场偏爱，代表了第一批高端民宿开发者，不太认可莫干山当前的低端民宿市场发展趋势。在调研莫干山诸多民宿后，我们认为莫干山正在经历由高端市场向中低档转变的阶段。黄园长：中国第一批新农村建设是失败的，很多乡村不是成为城镇，就是消失了。我们当初是想尝试去激活一些衰败的村子。我们现在只是想在村子被破坏之前，尽可能收一些村子。做乡村建设是一个很缓慢的过程，需要耐得住性子。这条路子是否能成功，我们也不知道。现在是摸着石头过河。这个项目早于裸心谷和法国山居，在无锡石方村做了一个姐妹项目。当时这个地方那个是个空心村，基本看不到你们这样的年轻人。下午四五点钟，路上就没人了。当时人均月收入只有 1000 元左右。 Q: 庾村最开始是怎么选到这个地方？ A: 现在的年轻成功人士喜欢去一些徒步旅行。我们就在谷歌地球上，以上海为半径，划个圆，离上海最近的山脉就在这，远一点的是丽水。我们在丽水也收购了一个空心村。当时的价格很低，现在那里的附近房子月租已经涨到了 3 万元每间。 Q: 您认为当下乡村建设的难点？ A: 我的说法很简单，中国乡村领导是个大老粗，他觉得项目好，就花钱直接搬过去，掠夺式的开发。怎么因地制宜的开发乡村其实很困难。

他们的见识远远超过当地政府。村里政府并没有能力和经济引导他们。 Q: 你们下一步的计划是什么？ A: 我们已经不再在庾村投钱，现在的莫干山已经不是我们想要的莫干山。市场正在向低端消费群体转变。真正喜欢莫干山的，是开着车、带着孩子和狗，晚上来看星星、玩网络游戏。我们 1000 块钱的房间是值在哪里？他们需要的是环境和理念。而现在他们会失望了，来一回就不会回来。现在弄得不上不下的，太混乱了。 Q: 你们进驻后，莫干山客流量有没有变化？ A: 你们想一块钱一块钱，还是 100、100 赚钱。可能一个外国人的消费会超过一辆大巴的消费。可是现在我们的外国客人已经少了一半。他们的旅游方式是闹中取静。前两年只有 10 多家民宿，现在有 500 多家。大部分是滥竽充数，没有世外桃源的感觉的。莫干山就要沦陷下去。 Q: 您们在挑村子的时候有没有条件？ A: 如果有房地产公司进驻，我们就会放弃。也有一些地方政策，要求新农村改建后，容积率达到 1.1 到 1.3，这也不是我们想要的。 Q: 教育？ A: 我们每个月假期都会开国学堂，教外地的孩子和当地的孩子传统文化，这属于公益项目。我们只是在大环境下，再赚钱的同时，出于本心做一些有意义的事情。

Q: 有报道说文化集市经常举办一些活动，邀请附近村民来摆摊，当初是怎么有这个想法的？ A: 每次摆摊活动是政府老领导要求我们做的。其实在这里摆摊子卖些蔬菜和猪肉，熙熙攘攘的，是不太现实的。不是说这里的叔叔阿姨不行，而是他们缺乏长期的正确引导。他们自己开的农家乐也不行。莫干山大部分出名的民宿大多是上海人士来经营的。而当地的民宿确实有些过多了，当地政府也无法干涉，毕竟农民自己的家，自己有经营权。村里的民宿价格已经和最好的民宿价格差不多了，可是他的环境条件却不匹配。 1000 多元一晚，五星级酒店可以住两晚了。他们没有内容，没有独立的品牌，没有前期市场研究，没有宣传渠道。莫干山民宿这一两年会有很大的洗牌，现在有点吵闹了。 Q: 你们的民宿学院是怎么教学的？有村民来这里学习经营民宿吗？ A: 不，事实上，我们是一个商会，联合起来做一些事情。这个活动本来政府早就想做，但是没有人能做这个事。很多知名民宿经营者都是海归背景， 36

The Analysis of Yiyuan Organic Farm 义远有机农场开发模式分析

Yiyuan organic farm is located near the Moganshan scenic spot, with an area of about 2000 acres. It is one of the most well-known organic farm in the east of China. YYO farm plants the seasonal fruits and vegetables, and raises eco rice. Then the nutritious fresh organic fruits and vegetables are distributed to their members’ home. Since YYO farm developed the organic farm tourism, the individuals who visited to the farm increased to 12 thousand people every yea. Experience projects includes planting fruits and vegetables, poultry farming, organic tea picking, gardening, and organic curriculums and other activities. Forbidding being over-used land, the farm land here has lied fallow for three years, then continued to the improvement of fertilizing. The workers collects vegetable residue. It is processed into the organic fertilizer, or reared to the poultry. In addition, through the establishment of the farming system, YYO manages and benefits the species in the farm ,to build a composite agricultural ecosystem. Referring to the concept and development model of Taiwan and Japanese farm, YYO farm integrated local, ecological and recyle into a concept. They do not deliberately pursue the size of the farm area and the high yield of the production. But YYO farm focuses on the delicate management, the deep processing and the healthy living concept. Some products are even limited supply, in order to pursue the high quality. On the basis of their existing clothing industry, YYO farm make full use of the existing clothing customer groups. They distributed the fresh fruits and vegetables to the original members, as well as invited the members to farm tourism. Even they holds the clothing conference on the farm. YYO farm is one of the successful cases of the domestic farm development. But the long-term lease of the farmland do not make much interaction with the local farmers. The greatest benefits it brings is the part of the farmers find a job in the farm.

义远有机农场位于远离喧嚣的莫干山山麓，面积大约两千亩的，是江浙地区最知名的有机农场之一。义远有机农场致力于时令蔬果和稻米的种植，并将其配送至本地居民的家庭，配送范围锁定三小时车程以内，确保会员家庭随时可以享受到营养、新鲜的有机蔬果，并减少食物运输过程中的碳排放。

农场体验 YYO 开展有机农场旅游活动后，每年来农场体验的人，据不完全统计约 1.2 万人次。体验项目包括果蔬种植、家禽养殖、有机茶园、园艺劳作、以及有机课堂等多种活动。

自然农法与其他使用过度的土地不同，这里的土地休耕了三年，之后又持续地培肥改良，并以与自然和谐共处的开发方式。将冷冻区、蔬菜切割区、包装区产生的蔬菜残渣回收利用，既加工成堆肥，又可饲养鸡鸭；回收客户家庭产生的蔬菜残渣，将其制为堆肥重新返回田地；将畜牧场上产生的牛粪、鸡粪加工成堆肥，帮助蔬菜、水稻生长；将农作物的秸秆还田，培肥土壤；收集沼液、沼渣作肥料还田。此外，通过设计耕作系统、建立生物栖息地等，对农场的物种进行合理设计和有益干预，构建出复合农业生态系统。借鉴台湾日本农场经营理念和发展模式，把生产生活生态融为一个概念。他们不刻意追求农庄的面积、规模，不一定非要种植多少作物，获得多高产量，产品有多大的批量，但非常注重精细管理，精深加工，融入创意，提升品质。有的产品甚至限量供应，量少质精，坚持以质取胜，以特色取胜。YYO 在原有服装产业的基础上，充分利用原有服装客户群体。给原有会员定期配送新鲜果蔬，以及邀请会员来农场旅游，以及在农场里举行服装发布会。

评价 YYO 是国内农场开发成功的案例之一。但是通过长期租用农户农田进行开发的方式，并没有和当地农民的生活生产发生较多的互动。带来的最大利益。也仅仅是部分农民在 YYO 寻找工作。

Physical Planning 物理空间规划

后坞生活往113乡道

Howoo Life

Main Vehicle Passage to NO.113 Village Road

校车接驳站

School Bus Stop

室外健身中心

Open-air Physical Center

公共厕所 Public Toilet

农家乐组团

Nongjiale Cluster

公交车站 Bus Stop

村集市

Village Market Place

村文化礼堂

Village Cultural Auditorium

村养老餐厅

Village Elderly Canteen

农村淘宝站点

Rural Taobao Station

岭脚下小店

Shop under Mountain

室外公共空间

Open-air Public Space

42号院

NO.42 Nongjiale

农家乐分布

Bnb Distribution

天一农庄

Tianyi Nongjiale

化粪池

Septic Tank

公共设施

Public Device

村委会

Village Committee

重要建筑

好莱坞

Haolaiwu Nongjiale

Important Buidling

现有路网及自行车道 Road/Bicycle Network

100 50

往304省道

150M

To No.304 Provincial Road

往304省道

To No.304 Provincial Road

Space Use Situation 空间使用情况索引室外公共空间 Open-air Public Space

公共设施 Public Device

农家乐分布 Nongjiale Distribution

室外健身中心

文化礼堂

室外健身广场位于道路的交叉口，时常吸引村民前来。

文化礼堂作为政策产物，只在定期开放。

The open-air physical square locates in the crossing of roads, always attracting villagers’ visits.

As an product of government’s policy, the village cultural auditorium opens only on specific time.

村集市

养老餐厅

公交站点

好莱坞

往 113 乡道

村文化礼堂前的广场作为村中的公共空间，除了提供早市的场地之外，很少有其他公共性活动。

后坞村养老服务照料中心目前为村内老人等提供午餐服务。

后坞村设有城乡公交站点。

好莱坞农家乐为村民自营，开设于 2006 年，有 30 间客房。

后坞往 113 乡道方向道路为自行车道与机动车道共用道路，道路较之前有相当程度之拓宽。

As the important public space, despite the use of market place, the square in front of village auditorium is lack of other public space.

The elderly care center of Houwu provides lunce service for the olds in village currently.

Open-air Physical Center

Village Market

Village Cultural Auditorium

Elderly Canteen

化粪池

现有路网及自行车车道 Road/Bicycle Network

Septic Tank 化粪池位于村委会大楼后，为满足农家乐污水无害化排放而建。 The septic tank locates behind the village committee, built for the harmless discharge of sewage.

Bus Stop

The stops of urban and rural public transportation are distributed along the road of Houwu.

42 号院

山水指间

往304省道

Shanshuizhijian Nongjiale

No.304 Provincial Road

42 号院为村民自营农家乐，为老屋翻新。

山水指间为返乡创客的创业项目，为创客自己设计建设。

后坞往 304 省道方向道路为自行车道与机动车道共用道路。

The No.42 Nongjiale is operated by local farmers, which is a regeneration of old household.

The Shanshuizhijian Nongjiale is held by returned Venturer, who designed and built the bnb by himself.

No.42 Nongjiale

Haolaiwu Nongjiale

Haolaiwu Nongjiale has been opened since 2006, with a scale of 30 guest rooms.

No.113 Village Road

重要建筑 Important Building

The roads connect Houwu and No.113 Village Road are shared roads of automotive vehicle and bicycle, which are broader than previous ones.

公共厕所

校车站点

天一农庄

农村淘宝站点

村民健身公园周边配有公共厕所。

因原有乡镇小学合并调整，后坞村小学搬迁至筏头乡，并在村内设有校车接驳点。

天一农庄于 2012 年开业，为村民自营，规模为 20 间客房。

农村淘宝站点是农村的基层网购基础设施。

Because of the integration of village schools, the priimary school in Houwu has moved to Fatou, with school bus tranportation between them.

The Tianyi Nongjiale with 20 guest rooms opens in 2012, which is operated by local farmers themselves.

Public Toilet

The publlic toilet is beside the villagers’ physical park.

School Bus Stop

Tianyi Nongjiale

The roads connect Houwu and No.304 Provincial Road are shared roads of automotive vehicle and bicycle.

Rural Taobao Station

The rural taobao station is infrastructure of online shopping.

the

foundamental

图片来源 /Resource：http://my.poco.cn/ myBlogDetail.php?&id=7639284&user_ id=173619020&pri=&n=0&stat_request_channel=

村委会

后坞生活

岭脚下小店

后坞村民委员会为后坞村村务的管理单位。

后坞生活民宿为近年来莫干山洋家乐中名气较大的一家，定位为高端民宿。

岭脚下小店为附近村民组的零售站点。

Village Committtee

The Houwu Village Committee is the administration institution of village affairs.

Howoo Life Resort

The Howoo Life Resort is a famous Hill Stations in Mogan Mountain, which aims to establish an upmarket bnb.

The grocery store

The grocery store in Houwu is the retail center among adjecent villager groups.

Houwu Nongjiale Situation 后坞村农家乐概览

莫干山品后坞休闲农庄 Pinhowoo

后坞生活 Howoo Life

·2015年开业，16间客房 ·4.8/5分 ·360元起/400元

·2013年开业，38间客房 ·4.2/5分 ·950元起/1250元

往113乡道

农家乐价格区间

Nongjiale Price Range

200（含）元以下 Under 200 RMB

Main Vehicle Passage to NO.113 Village Road

200-300（含）元 200-300 RMB

沁缘楼

Pinghuju Nongjiale

300-500（含）元 300-500 RMB

·2016年开业 ·4.0/5分 ·320元起/415元

平月居客栈

莫干山大唐山庄

·2016年开业 ·4.0/5分 ·280元起/380元

500元以上

Datang Shanzhuang

Pingyueju Hostel

德清暮色住宿

天泉山庄

Muse Nongjiale

Beyond 500 RMB

·2013年开业，17间客房 ·4.5/5分 ·160元起/200元

现有路网及自行车道 Road/Bicycle Network

Tianquanshanzhuang

·2016年开业，12间客房 ·4.9/5分 ·600元起/680元

·2013年开业，16间客房 ·4.6/5分 ·150元起/180元

莫干山34号农家乐 No.34 Nongjiale

悠乐山庄

·2014年开业，12间客房 ·4.9/5分 ·430元起/580元

Dongshanyun Nongjiale ·2015年开业，19间客房 ·4.0/5分 ·270元起/380元

莫干山爱琴山庄 Aiqin Shanzhuang

·2013年开业，15间客房 ·4.9/5分 ·160元起/180元

栖山度假酒店

德清宁静山庄

Zhuwuju Nongjiale

·2014年开业，7间客房 ·4.0/5分 ·340元起/400元

唯乐山居客栈

Weileshanju Nongjiale

·2014年开业，4间客房 ·4.0/5分 ·1100元起/1300元

Houzhuang Shanzhuang

·2013年开业，15间客房 ·4.7/5分 ·110元起/150元

德清古树山庄

后坞榉舍民宿

·2014年开业，6间客房 ·4.8/5分 ·210元起/380元

·2013年开业，10间客房 ·4.0/5分 ·135元起/155元

Howoo Jushe Nongjiale ·2016年开业，11间客房 ·4.9/5分 ·570元起/690元

Gushu Shanzhuang

Zhuwuju Nongjiale

·2015年开业，18间客房 ·4.0/5分 ·390元起/460元

德清后庄山庄

丁家古桥山庄

Dingjia Bridge Nongjiale

竹无居农家乐

Qishan Holiday Inn

·2014年开业，15间客房 ·4.6/5分 ·150元起/200元

东山云农家乐

Youle Shanzhuang

刘家小院农家乐

Liujiaxiaoyuan Nongjiale

·2014年开业，9间客房 ·4.0/5分 ·230元起/270元

高老庄山庄

Jingyiju Nongjiale

Gaolaozhuang Nongjiale

·2014年开业，6间客房 ·4.0/5分 ·210元起/220元

天寺山庄

Tiansi Nongjiale

竹品居客栈

隐翠居

Zhupinju Nongjiale

·2015年开业，10间客房 ·4.0/5分 ·280元起/320元

望竹楼山庄

Wangzhulou Nongjiale

·2013年开业，36间客房 ·4.5/5分 ·110元起/220元

香榭丽舍

·2013年开业，12间客房 ·4.0/5分 ·130元起/150元

静宜居

Yincuiju Nongjiale ·2015年开业，12间客房 ·4.0/5分 ·550元起/620元

后坞心晴花园民宿 Howoo Xinqing

·2015年开业，18间客房 ·4.9/5分 ·310元起/715元

古枫农家乐

Gufeng Nongjiale ·2014年开业，8间客房 ·4.4/5分 ·190元起/220元

·2014年开业，7间客房 ·4.0/5分 ·180元起/210元

莫干山竹溪农家乐 Zhuxi Nongjiale

·2008年开业，10间客房 ·4.0/5分 ·110元起/200元

山水指间

Xiangxielishe

Shanshuizhijian

·2015年开业，20间客房 ·4.0/5分 ·580元起/680元

竹海小筑民宿

后坞农舍山庄

Zhuhaixiaozhu Nongjiale

No.68 Nongjiale

·2015年开业，15间客房 ·4.7/5分 78号民宿 ·480元起/680元

·2014年开业，6间客房 ·3.5/5分 ·330元起/360元

No.78 Nongjiale

天一休闲农庄

后坞竹凤居山庄

Haolaiwu Nongjiale

Howoo Zhufengjushanzhuang

·2012年开业，20间客房 ·5.0/5分 ·520元起/610元

·2012年开业，20间客房 ·3.9/5分 ·120元起/140元

·2008年开业，10间客房 ·4.0/5分 ·120元起/180元

好莱坞

·2014年开业，11间客房 ·4.8/5分 ·200元起/400元

Haolaiwu Nongjiale

莫干山竹溪农家乐

水墨山居客栈

·2014年开业，14间客房 ·4.5/5分 ·370元起/550元

香格里拉山庄

Zhuxi Nongjiale

Shuimoshanju Nongjiale

Shangri-la

·2008年开业，10间客房 ·4.0/5分 ·110元起/200元

·2006年开业，30间客房 ·4.4/5分 ·130元起/230元

·2005年开业，20间客房 ·4.6/5分 ·180元起/250元

莫莫民宿

Momo Nongjiale

100 50

150M

往304省道

·2016年开业，29间客房 ·4.7/5分 ·630元起/700元

To No.304 Provincial Road

往304省道

To No.304 Provincial Road

Houwu People Sketch 后坞村人物速写

Nickname: Yao Qintao Age: 32 Occupation: Restaurant ownner Income/year: RMB 500,000-600,000 Household Size: 7 昵称: 姚小哥年龄: 32岁职业: 农家乐老板年收入: 50-60万家庭人口: 6 耕地面积：0亩 Household Size I am 32 years old. My major was urban planning at my undergraduate stage.I has been working for a few years in the county. Last year I came back to and opened this bnb. There are many makers like me in the village. 我今年32岁，以前上学的时候专业是城市规划，在县城已经工作了几年。去年辞职回来开了这家民宿。我们村里像我这种返乡创客很多。

Logo Environment Now the bnbs in our village are getting more and more , which is increasing he burden on the sewage treatment, The village committee is going to update the sewage treatment equipment. I support this approach. But the cost of requirements by each bnb owner to take 2,000 yuan. We think the cost is relatively high and opposite the cost. 现在村里开民宿的多了，污水处理的负担也大了，村委准备要更新污水处理设备，我是支持的。但是要求费用由每家民宿老板去承担，每家出两万元。大家觉得费用比较高，都在反对。 46

Occupation compare

Nickname: Uncle Huang Age: 50 Occupation: restaurant ownner Income/year: RMB 100,000 Household Size: 5 Farmland: 3mu

职业对比

Urban planner 城市规划师

Bnb ownner 农家乐老板

House

It cost me 2 million yuan to construct the bnb. A half of loans was from the bank , the others was from the relatives. The bank loan interest rate is 6.1%. I get little help from the government. Now the operator of bnb is my parents, grandfather and me. We are going to hire two aunts. Recently my business is continuously rising. My net income in the half a year is about 30 million. 建民宿总共花了200万元。借款和贷款各占一半，贷款利率6.1%。政府帮助并不多。现在经营民宿的主要是我，还有我父母及爷爷。我们准备顾两个阿姨帮忙。这半年生意还不错，这半年净收入30万。 Bnb My bnb have a total of 12 rooms.The price is about 600 to 1200 yuan one night. Some friends may think the price is a bit high. But after their living, their evaluation are very high. I has been learning the experience from other bnb owners on the website. I am going to add a bar and a open-air barbecue in the yard, for some families and companys’ party. 我们共有12间客房，我们的价格在600到1200元一晚。有的朋友住之前觉得价格有点高，但是住了之后评价都很高。我每天在网站上学习别人经营民宿的经验。最近打算在外面再建一个酒吧和露天烧烤的院子，可以供一些家庭或者公司举行派对。

昵称: 黄大叔年龄: 50岁职业: 农家乐老板年收入: 10万家庭人口: 5 耕地面积：3亩

Household Size There are 5 people in my family, I and my his wife, a son ,a daughter-in-law and a grandchild. I have a factory to produce the pharmaceutical packaging. And now, my bnb is just a sideline . 我们家有5口人，我和我老伴儿，一个儿子儿媳和孙子。我们家做自己开工厂做医药品包装，现在开农家乐只是为了打发时间。 Logo This logo is certified by the village committee as legal business. There are only more than 80 bnbs that have the logo. I was the first to get it . The main reasons for the failure to apply for is that the fire protection facilities is not qualified. 这个标识是村委会认证的，表示合法经营。全村只有80多家申请到这个标识，我们家是第一批拿到的。大部分申请不到标识的原因是因为消防不合格。

Occupation compare 职业对比

Factory owner 工厂老板

Bnb ownner 农家乐老板

House My house was built 26 years ago. Last year, I redecorate the in-side to run the bnb. It cost RMB1,800,00 yuan. All the money is the commercial loans. The government did not do the favour. 房子是26年前建的，去年为了开农家乐重新装修了一边。一共花了180万元。全部是商业贷款，政府并未提供帮助。

Bnb There is 130m2 per layer.My bnb has 12 rooms in total.The price is 280 yuan a night at the weekdays .And the price of the weekend is more high, 350 yuan a night. We welcome both the individual and the group.The individual book my bnb through the app Elong,Ctrip,and Baidu. Sometimes a set of group guests are able to live in all the rooms. 每层130m2，共12间客房。非周末的时候280元一晚，周末价格高一些350元一晚。散客和团客我们都接。散客主要通过艺龙、携程和百度预定。团客和旅行社签订协议，一批客人就能住满所有房间。 47

Villager Survey 村民满意度调查

Road Satisfaction 道路满意度

28%

Highly Satisfactory

28%

More Satisfactory

44%

Satisfaction

Environment Satisfaction 环境满意度

非常满意

比较满意

一般满意

School Satisfaction 学校满意度

Dissatisfaction 不满意

43%

Highly Satisfactory

14%

More Satisfactory

28%

Satisfaction

14%

Dissatisfaction

Highly Satisfactory

86%

More Satisfactory

非常满意

比较满意 Satisfaction 一般满意

14%

Dissatisfaction

12%

More Satisfactory

25%

Satisfaction

63%

Dissatisfaction

不满意

非常满意

比较满意

一般满意

不满意

Hospital Satisfaction 医院满意度

比较满意

一般满意

不满意

Research Notes 调研札记

坐落于莫干山山麓的武康县后坞村，算是搭上了莫干山旅游业繁荣的末班车。越来越多的村民自发扒上了“民宿”这艘摇摇欲倾的诺亚方舟，希望在市场尚未饱和之前再分一杯羹。然而事实是，高端“洋家乐”的项目经理的口中，是对于“民宿”这块原本肥的流油的烙饼因越来越多地被瓜分而流向中低端市场的不甘，“莫干山逐渐变成我们所不想要的环境了，我们已经在考虑逐步撤出莫干山市场”，他言之凿凿如是说道。环境的逐渐恶化变成众矢之的，无论是自然生态环境的恶化——污水与建设垃圾的增多，抑或是市场竞争环境的恶化——因无规划导致的急剧同质化的市场竞争，都开始显露出些许衰败的端倪。

后坞的民宿，花花绿绿的，把人看的脑晕目眩。随意一瞥，一栋建筑的外立面可能叠加了罗马柱式、原木栅栏、传统的砖瓦屋顶，再喷上红色的外墙面。村民似乎想把他认为最奢华最酷炫的东西都组合在家里，“展示”他们一辈人的浮夸审美秀。网上已经不乏一些针对这类乡村建筑的批判——“审美不自信” “涂脂抹粉”。这些屋主通常都是 50 到 70 后，年轻地时候生活在物资匮乏、文化单一的时代。男孩子衣服的面料只有蓝粗布、绿粗布、白粗布，家里墙壁贴着统一的画像“毛主席”，电影院只放映几部样板戏“地道战”、“林海雪原”，所有人的文章都是以“东风吹、战鼓雷”开头，几乎没有人有条件展示自己的与众不同。

另一方面，村民和政府之间的对立情绪也溢于言表。村民开设民宿的行为缺乏政府的引导、缺乏资金的支持、缺乏必要的补帖，更多的反而是对建设的限制。与之形成鲜明对比的则是对洋家乐较小的约束力。这种对两者区别对待的“不公”认识弥漫在村民间，势必成为莫干山持续发展的一颗定时炸弹。

中国三十多年来乡村发展，使得部分乡村摆脱了贫困和匮乏后，这一代人迫切需要展示自己，需要把他们之前认为“资本主义世界”的东西用来装饰自己和自己的家。我们就会看到各种风马牛不相及的元素拼贴出来的乡村建筑，其实这就是他们最朴实想法的展现。对于这一代人，或者说后坞的中年村民，他们缺乏的是良性的审美引导。如果有条件，乡村也可以像城市一样，有自己的设计的导则，对建筑风貌有些相应规定。或者说，向郝堂村一样有一个建筑示范区，告诉村民，美的乡村建筑到底是什么样子，树立乡村自己的审美自信。

每每踏上走往住所的小路的夜晚，是我一天中最开心的时刻。得益于我所居住的民宿离大路稍远，基建建设尚未完全跟上，漫天繁星之下，只有一盏不甚明亮的路灯在苍茫的大山间闪烁。左手边有小溪从山涧流下，萤火虫在狗尾草丛中忽明忽暗，时而有野狗三五成群伫立在路中央，摆出一副地主之仪。犹记上一次看见萤火虫还是在台南尚未大规模开发的梅岭，彼时好友与我说，萤火虫出没之地象征着水源的澄澈。我该暗自庆幸，相较于立面出新后卖着和全国各地的旅游景区无异的、大可能来自义乌小商品批发市场的纪念品的庾村老街，和散发着城市人生活情趣与品位的咖啡店与书吧，这山野间的点点“星光”，竟是莫干山最能打动我的地方。

——郑婷，被粉饰的乡村建筑

打从心底上讲，我不知自己会否再来莫干山：它似乎不是我内心所想象的世外桃源的模样——山是无聊的：旅游旺季时上下山唯一的道路和城市早晚高峰的堵车情状无异；人也是是无聊的：城里人抱着逃离都市的执念，从城市纷繁复杂的拥挤逃向另一个拥挤之处，白天被消磨在莫干山各景点冗长的队伍里，夜晚则被消耗在农家乐嘈杂的 KTV 声中；村民的娱乐生活亦是贫瘠的，连广场舞的痕迹都难以寻觅。而我更不知道的是，倘若我下次再来时，会否再看得见萤火虫与漫天星光。

——吴越，好来“坞”

LIANGHU VILLAGE JINCHENG, SHANXI

Overview

山西晋城良户村

Lianghu village, an ancient village with a history of one thousand original village township is located in Shanxi Province gaoping city, gaoping city, 17 kilometers, good home village northwest high terrain southeast low, north pillow mountain chicken wing, ssangyong hill, south east and Feng Village adjacent, west pass ZhangZhuang village with a high level old ridge, ping qu road from the village south, through, the village south chapter in the river and jiaohe river flows into the original village. Lianghu village in 2007 was named the third batch of "China's historical and cultural village", and was established in 2012 as "the first batch of Chinese traditional villages".As a rich be style of ancient village, a good family retained the ancient village numerous houses temples of of primitive simplicity massiness, its unique art of brick and stone carving "three", as a representative of ancient villages in Ming and qing dynasties taihang art high-quality goods.

概况

Total population: 1527 总人口：1527 Area: 3.77 km2 面积：3.77 km2 Farmland： 127 ha 耕地面积：127 ha Villager Group: 2 村民组：2

具有千年历史的良户古村位于山西省高平市原村乡，距离高平市 17 公里，良户村地势西北高东南低，北枕凤翅山 , 南耸双龙岭 , 东与冯村相邻 , 西过章庄村与高平关老马岭相连 , 坪曲公路从村南通过 , 村南章庄里沟河和交河相汇流入原村河。良户村于 2007 年被评为第三批“中国历史文化名村”，又在 2012 年被确立为 “第一批中国传统村落”。作为一座具有浓郁晋南风格的古村落，良户古村保留了众多古朴厚重的民居庙宇，其独特的砖木石“三雕”艺术，堪称明清时期太行古村落艺术精品的代表。

Economics & Policies 经济政策及发展历程

developer yang jianxin shanxi famous culture village

government

the third famous culture village

road renovation 12,800 m

pit toilet removal 1,000 sqm

liangh infrastru preseva proje

revetment 3,700 sqm earthwork/firefighting/ greening/security/ sanitation lianghu infrastructure presevation project

inve 100,0 RMB

provincial contruction department

provincial coal sustainable development fund RMB 4,000,000 1:1 support

village illumination p RMB 100, 1 kilome street lig

national loan RMB 4,000,000

village and local government

gaoping city RMB 330,000

transfer 70 mu of land invest 900,000 RMB

youth hostel

village signage system

ghu ucture vation ect

15 lianggong-fang

Gaoping Lianghu tourism development company

est 000 MB

first national traditional village

recycle old houses

sculpture culture wood/brick/ stone

14 5 flush toilets

RMB 1,500,000

yuxuguan preservation

e project 0,000 eter ght

shilangfu

RMB 1,500,000

sewage treatment factory and pipe RMB 15,000,000

strong/weak power pipe embedment

Interview with Yang Jianxin

良户古村旅游开发有限公司杨建新访谈 Yang Jianxin is the owner of Lianghu Tourism Development Company. We interviewed Yang in the last day when we visited Lianghu Village. The interview place is his movie teahouse. After the interview, he invited us to see the Lianghu publicity made by his company. Finally he took us to visit his brick carvings and wood carvings collection hall. Yang has rent many old buildings from the villages. A villager said,the rent of one room is only 200 yuan a year. And the lease term is 50 years. If the villagers’ house was damaged and needed to repair, they would get no rental during the first ten years. Yang :I’ve engaged in the venture capital in Shenzhen. The first time I came to the village was to company my friends to collect the old furniture. In opinion, the old village was very beautiful. But the villagers are so poor, that have no money to repair the heritage. And they have no ideal to protect the old buildings. Even some heritages have collapsed. I would like to invest in this village and restore the heritage. Q: How does your company operate at the present? A:I founded the travel company in 2012. I invested a total of 10,000,000 yuan, accounting for 90% of shares. Village accounts for 10% of the shares. At present, my company has the village operating rights of 50 years.

Q: What do you have construct in Lianghu Village? A:We have built the memorial gateway and the visitor center in the village entrance. Then we demolished the old dry toilets and built some public toilet at the former address to improve the overall environment of the village. The old dry toilets are too unhealthy and dirty. The roads have been repaired. The guild signs were also installed by us. I have rent some old buildings and repaired them. Q: It is said that you don’t have enough money. And now you has stopped the construction. A:The restoration of the ancient buildings cost so much money that my money is not enough. I would have been able to put the village around make money of the ticket fees. But I don’t prefer the approach. And I hope it is a more open, more inclusive cultural village. Q:Did you make the plan of Lianghu Village? What is the development orientation of Lianghu Village? A:We’re drawing up plan now. There are many ancient villages and towns in Shanxi Province. Pingyao town is so commercial. I don’t want Lianghu Village have a homogeneous development model with other old villages nearby. I think the future development orientation of Lianghu Village is the cultural industry, including film, television, painting, traditional cultural arts and crafts. Last year, we hold a workshop for college students to take short films in our village. We also held the two session of the ancient village photography contest. The effect is pretty good. And it didn’t the remote village we all don’t know anymore. We will attract more universities and film companies to make Lianghu Village as their viewfinder. We hope there is an architecture college like yours ,willing to hold workshops to repair the ancient architecture in our village.In the two years we has been held two terms of the ancient village protection meeting successfully. I invited many experts in the field of the ancient buildings protection, like Mr. Ruan Yisan. They also give me a lot of comments and recognized my developing orientation of Lianghu Village.Now what I am most worried is not that I don’t have enough capital to carry on the next step of construction.

杨建新是良户旅游开发公司的老板，我们在良户村调研的最后一天约到了他访谈。访谈的地方是他的电影茶室。访谈后，他邀请我们看了他拍摄的良户宣传片，并参观他的石雕和木雕收藏馆。杨建新以每间 200 元一年的价格，向村民租用传统民居。租期为五十年。如果村民的房屋有所损坏需要修缮，前十年就无法获取租金。杨建新：我之前在深圳一直做风险投资。第一次来这个村子是陪朋友收集旧家具。我一看这个古村很漂亮，但是这个地方不仅很穷，没有钱去修善，村民也没有保护意思，甚至有些房子都倒塌了。我就想投资这个村子，做些什么。 Q: 您的旅游公司目前是怎么运营的？ A: 我是 2012 年成立这家旅游公司。我一共出资 10，000，000 元，占股 90%。村委会占股份 10%。目前我的公司拥有良户村 50 年的旅游开发经营权。 Q: 听说您的资金并不充足，现在已经停止一些建设活动了。 A: 修复古建筑太费钱了。现在我的资金已经不太充足。其实我完全可以把村子围起来，收门票赚取费用。但是这并不是我想采用这种方式，我希望他是一个更开放的更包容的文化古村。 Q: 那您是否在做良户村的相关规划？对良户村的将来的定位是什么？ A: 我们现在正在做规划。山西的古村落古镇很多。平遥古镇就太商业化，我不想让良户和这些古村太均质化发展。我想良户将来的发展方向是文化产业，包括影视、绘画和传统手工艺术。去年就有工作坊的学生来拍摄短片。我们还举办了两届古村落摄影大赛。我们会联系更多的高校和影视公司，作为他们外景的取景地或者实习地。如果有建筑学院愿意和我们举办工作坊，共同修复古建筑，那再好不过了。修复古建筑太费钱了。现在我的资金已经不太充足。其实我完全可以把村子围起来，收门票赚取费用。但是这并不是我想采用这种方式，我希望他是一个更开放的更包容的文化古村。

Physical Planning 物理空间规划自然景观 Landscape

农村住宅

垃圾回收站

Rural Residence

Garbage Collection Station

村委会

Village Committee

侍郎府

Shilangfu

历史建筑

Historical Buidling

庙宇等其他历史建筑 Other Historical Buidling

幼儿园

鸽子院后院

Kindergarten

Gezi Courtyard

垃圾回收站

Garbage Collection Station

游客服务中心

鸽子院

Tourist Center

Gezi Courtyard

公共厕所

秦家东院/苏家院

Public Toilet

Qinjia East Courtyard/Sujia Courtyard

武状元府/真武庙

现有路网

Road Network

Wuzhuangyuanfu/Zhenwu Temple

王/李/田/袁家院

当铺院/宁家院

Wang/Li/Tian/Yuanjia Courtyard

Dangpu/Ningjia Courtyard

唐固线

Tanggu Line

小学

郭仕直东院

关帝庙/东庙

Guandi/East Temple

Primary School

Guoshizhi East Courtyard

玉虚观

Yuhuan Temple

郭仕直院

大王庙

Guoshizhi Courtyard

Dawang Mountain

公共厕所 Public Toilet

村委会

Village Committee

往331省道

To No.331 Provincial Road

幼儿园

Kindergarten

高家院双进士院 Gaojia Courtyard Shuangjinshi Courtyard

游客服务中心

明公河

Minggong River

Tourist Center

往331省道

100 50

150M

To No.331 Provincial Road

Space Use Situation 空间使用情况索引自然景观 Landscape

农村住宅 Rural Residence

村委会 Village Committee

历史建筑 Historical Building

农家乐

村委会

河流切过村庄，雨季容易涨水。

因村庄旅游业现状低迷，农家乐分布不广，只有沿河特定几家。

良户村村民委员会为村务管理单位，图为村务公开栏。

作为文物保护建筑的玉虚观正在进行翻修。

历史建筑真武庙已完成翻新，重新砌筑成红色。

游客服务中心为杨建新与村集体合资企业所建设。

The Lianghu Village Committee is the administration institution of village affairs. The picture represents the billboard of village affairs.

The Yuxu Temple as a cultural building is under preservation and regeneration work.

The historical building Zhenwu Temple has finished its regeneration and is coloured red.

The Tourist Center is built by the cooperation company of Yangjianxin and village.

侍郎府

大王庙

侍郎府目前对外关闭，即将进行翻修工程。

大王庙山水环绕，建筑“三雕”精美。

Shilangfu is currently closed and waits for the regeneration project.

Dawang Temple locates in mountain and river. Sculptures in it are brilliant.

The river passes cross the village, and is likely to flood in rainy days.

Nongjiale

Since the tourism of village is undeveloped, the distribution of Nongjiale is not broad, specifically along the river.

Village Committee

Yuxu Temple

Shilangfu

幼儿园 Kindergarten

垃圾回收站 Garbage Collection Station

公共厕所 Public Toilet

真武庙

游客服务中心 Tourist Center

明公河

Mingong River

玉虚观

庙宇等其他历史建筑 Other Historical Building

Zhenwu Temple

游客服务中心 Tourist Center

Dawang Temple

现有路网 Road Network

幼儿园

垃圾回收点

公共厕所

高家院

王家戏台

往 331 省道

良户村幼儿园为良户村民提供了基础教育设施。

随着基础设施的更新建设，村内逐渐建立若干垃圾回收点，提升村镇环境。

村集体于 2013 年左右同开发商一道建设了水冲公厕。

高家院于 2010 年左右启动维修工程。

331 省道连接了良户村与高平、晋城市区。

Village with developer established public toilet in 2013.

Gaojia Courtyard has begun its preservation project since about 2010.

王家戏台作为村内重要的公共空间，为村内幼教、歌舞活动提供了场地。

Kindergarten

The kindergarten in Lianghu Village provides fundamental infrastructure service for Lianghu villagers.

Garbage Collection Point

With the establishment of infrastructure, the village gradually built several garbage collection points, improving the environment of village.

Public Toilet

Gaojia Courtyard

Wangjia Stage provides place for village children education and dancing as an important public space.

No.331 Provincial Road

The 331 provincial road connects Lianghu Village and Gaoping as well as Jincheng City.

赵家院

唐固线

赵家院同为良户村的历史建筑。

唐固线为良户村另一条沿河公路。

Zhaojia Courtyard is also the historical building in Lianghu.

Tanggu Line is another village road along river.

Zhaojia Courtyard

Wangjia Stage

Tanggu Line

Lianghu People Sketch 良户村人物速写

Nickname: Uncle Xiong Age: 40 Occupation: Restaurant ownner Income/year: 1-20,000RMB Household Size: 3 Farmland: 3 mu 昵称: 熊大哥年龄: 40岁职业: 田记饭庄老板年收入: 1-2万家庭人口: 3 耕地面积：3亩 Public Activity Changzhi College and the Travel Company have held some social activities in the village. There is a Bayi-lady orchestra rehearsing in the elderly activity center near the bridge. Every morning and evening some individuals dance on the small stage. And we hold the folk-custom activities on the 17th day of the first month of the Chinese lunar calendar.

长治学院会和旅游公司在村内搞一些活动。除此之外。村内还有有名的八一女子乐团，在桥头的老年活动中心排练。早晨和晚上小戏台也有人跳广场舞。正月十七还有民俗活动。 Hospital

There is a Health center in Yuancun Country. We have a private clinic and rural cooperative medical center in our village. Rural cooperative medical center is only responsible for dispensing medicine, whose medical price is very high. We are more dependent on the barefoot doctor.The rural cooperative medical center is often lack of drugs. The medical centers in the village, country and town are of bad quality. Only the one who is not afraid of death will go to Gaoping for medical treatment. Generally speaking, the medical treatment in Changzhi is better.

原村乡有卫生院，村内有私人医疗与农村合作医疗。农村合作医疗只负责拿药，医疗消费很高。我们更依赖之前的赤脚医生。因为农村合作医疗社经常没有药。在往上，乡、村、镇的医疗都不行。只有不怕死的人才会去高平治病。普遍来说，长治的治疗水平更好一些。

Occupation compare

Nickname: Sister Zheng Age: 38 Occupation: bnb ownner Income/year: RMB 20,000 Household Size: 3 Farmland: 2mu

职业对比

Driver

物流司机

Bnb ownner 农家乐老板

Education

There is a primary school and a kindergarten in our village. The older children read junior high school in Yuancun Country and high school in Gaoping. The teachers in primary school are not good and teach the students with their dialect, instead of Putonghua. The headmaster and teachers of the low-level education will lead young students astray. The poor families cannot afford to send their children to the school in the city. We hope the government can advance the standard of the primary school teacher.

良户村内有小学和幼儿园，原村乡有初中，上高中得去高平市高中。小学的老师不好，进行的是方言教学，没有普通话。校长和老师误人子弟，学历水平低。有的家长会进行反映，但总体意识不高。经济条件过差的家庭是无法送小孩去城里上学的，希望政府能够对小学老师卡标准。

Environment The environment has greatly improved than before. But we still don’t have the sewage system. Now I carry the dirty water out of my restaurant manually. Part of the garbage is be centrally treated in the garbage station. But the agricultural waste such as corn, is burned. While the wheat waste is crushed. 村内环境较之前已经有了很大提升，但仍然没有下水道，开饭店的我目前也只能对外自己提污水。部分垃圾能集中到垃圾站进行统一的处理，但农业垃圾如玉米还是进行焚烧，小麦则进行碾碎。

昵称: 郑大姐年龄: 38岁职业: 农家乐老板年收入: 2-3万家庭人口:3 耕地面积：2亩 Household Size There are 3 people in my family. My husband is working outside. My daughter will study at the middle school this autumun. We built the house in 2008. 我们一家3口人，老公在外面工作，女儿今年秋天就要上初中了。我们家的房子是新房子，是2008年建的。

Bnb Last year we started to run our bnb. We are the first to operate the bnb. The local government gived me 5000 yuan as the fund and introducted me to the guests. Operating the bnb increases my income, more easily than farming. I hope that the tourism industry can develop fast and solve our economic problems firstly. 去年我们开了这个农家乐，我们是村里的第一批。政府每家补贴了 5000块的启动资金。并且帮我们宣传，介绍客人。开农家乐收入又增加我们的收入又比种地轻松。我希望旅游业可以大力发展，先解决我们的经济问题。

Occupation compare 职业对比

Farmer 农民

Bnb ownner 农家乐老板

Economy Since 2009, my husband has worked in the coal mine. In recently, the coal mine benefit has been going down. His daily income is just 50 yuan. I has awaly growed the corn in my farmland. I producted 1500 pounds corn last year, selling for 160 cents per kilogram. 从2009年，我老公就在煤矿上班了。这几年煤矿效益不好，每天就给50多块钱。我自己本来在家务农，2亩地都种的玉米。去年收了1500斤，每斤卖8毛钱。 Infrastructure The road was built in 2010, much better than before. I am very satisfied with the environment in the village. Now agricultural garbage is crushed by the mechine and filled under the ground, no longer burned. Life garbage is collected by the government , like the city. The village also has infrustracture for the elderly, where they can play mahjong and chess. We usually go to dance on square, in the entrance of our village. 村里的道路是2010年修的，比以前好多了。我现在对村里的环境很满意。农业垃圾也是用机器碾碎埋在地下的，不再焚烧。生活垃圾有人定期来收，和城里一样。村里也有老年活动设施，供老年人打麻将下象棋。我们平时晚上去跳广场舞，就在村口。 67

Villager Survey 村民满意度调查

Road Satisfaction 道路满意度

Environment Satisfaction 环境满意度

30%

Highly Satisfactory

10%

More Satisfactory

50%

Satisfaction

10%

Dissatisfaction

10%

Highly Satisfactory

30%

More Satisfactory

50%

Satisfaction

10%

Dissatisfaction

非常满意

比较满意

一般满意

School Satisfaction 学校满意度

不满意

非常满意

比较满意

一般满意

不满意

Hospital Satisfaction 医院满意度

Highly Satisfactory

10%

More Satisfactory

50%

Satisfaction

40%

Dissatisfaction

非常满意

比较满意

一般满意

不满意

Highly Satisfactory

40%

More Satisfactory

20%

Satisfaction

40%

Dissatisfaction

非常满意

比较满意

一般满意

不满意

Research Notes 调研札记

从高平市出发，在路上颠簸了半小时左右，跨过一条河，下了车，整座村子安静地沉睡在黑暗中。良户村因山势而建，短暂停留的几日里暴雨连绵。雨停过后，路面的积水便顺势哗哗流向低洼处的河流，不到半小时就排得一干二净，让你由衷地感慨古人造城的智慧。在访谈过程中，语言不通成为了最大的障碍。与村民沟通的时候，因为听不懂村民口述的答案而写下错字、被村民纠正后写下的依旧是错字的事儿时有发生。倏忽回想起来时那晚，出租车司机唏嘘地用夹杂着高平话的普通话说，我们高平人外出打工经常被人笑话，就是因为普通话说得不好。这话再次在饭庄老板娘的口中得到了印证。她喟叹地说道，村里唯一的小学的校长聘用自家亲戚做教师，整个小学阶段都是方言教学。你似乎只能沉默。农村的发展从不意味着自身的文明被城市所取代，然而现实却总是充满着上述的无奈—— 城市像一只无形的巨手，翻云覆雨般推着你往前走。当地最大的外来开发商——来自深圳的杨老板和你谈论着乡建的种种，你知道他是多么的经验丰富与成熟——你隐隐觉得他攥着村民的房屋和土地，迟迟不肯动工是别有用心居心叵测。他和你诉说着他的无奈心酸、他的决心与愿景，给你看他斥巨资拍摄的古村落宣传片，带你参观他从全村的每个角落搜集来的木雕、石雕和砖雕——它们被简单地堆砌在深锁的院阁内，多到摆不下了以后便被挂在了曝晒雨淋的外墙上。但你总是很难被他所感动，似乎在他身上，你找不到他那自恃的理想主义的痕迹。

不同于之前见过的满是一些假古董的村子，良户古村完整地保留下来。一圈看下来，我们惊叹老房子里歪歪扭扭的梁柱，唏嘘民国旧报纸覆盖下露出来的道观壁画。整个村子几乎没有游客，很安静，看着不同时代留下的痕迹，有点时空穿梭的感觉。村里年轻人大部分已经外出打工，偶尔遇见一两个老人用我们听不懂的方言和我们聊上一两句，再配上残破的老房子作为背景，整个村子里显得人气略为萧条，这就是良户的现状。反观村里最有人气的地方，就是那个唯一又丑又突兀的假古董——戏台。正是假期，长治学院的学生们在村里举办假期夏令营，免费向村里的留守儿童开放。80 多个孩子在戏台上唱歌表演，学做手工。休息的时候，孩子们都在戏台下奔跑打闹，走过去和他们打招呼，他们却有点害羞，咧着嘴笑笑，并不怎么说话。听长治学院的学生说，本来只接受 50 个名额，但这个夏令营对孩子们来说可能是他们童年接触课外课程接触外界，唯一的机会了，村里的孩子几乎都报名参加。不会说普通话是村子里学生的一个大问题，连小学的老师也全部使用方言教学，孩子们对普通话完全没有意识，甚至以为自己的方言就是普通话。这已经影响了她们阅读理解能力，将来外出打工的交流能力。村里小学共有老师 13 名，多大是初中毕业，并且和校长都是同村，良户的教学水平相较郝堂村算得上是云泥之别。

——郑婷，良户见闻

离开的时候，你脑海中突然浮现起一些画面：留守儿童们捏的五颜六色的橡皮泥摆满了整个戏台，他们在来村暑期实践一两周的大学生的带领下，唱着 “无忧无虑的童年”，“迷迷糊糊的童年”和“盼望长大的童年”。你不知道他们会走向何方，他们的父辈、祖辈会走向何方，这座村庄会走向何方；你一遍一遍地问自己，谁是真正把他们放在心上、为他们着想的人，而答案你也不知道。

——吴越，良户杂记

良户村是山西中国历史保护村落的一个缩影，与大多数逐步衰落的村落不同，在国家政策支持下，良户村获得了大概 2000 万元的国家资金投入，资金被用于改善村落环境，基础设施建设，河道治理等方面。于此同时，村委与开发商共同成立了良户旅游开发公司，作为宣传和运营良户的载体，随着宣传的不断进行，良户在旅游发展方面已经取得了一定的成绩。在本次调研过程中，笔者能够明显感觉的村落开发之后，村落的整体环境和基础设施以及村民的生活水平有了明显的提高。但是碍于整个山西经济下行影响加之原属村集体的煤矿被关停，本地村民无法就近工作，工资水平也较以前下降较大。甚至效益不好的煤矿已经好几月没有开出工资来。而普通妇女在村子里面做服务行业只能收入 30-40 块一天。在与村委的交流中我们了解到，全村共 570 户（因政策调整，村民出现大量分户的情况，实际户数应该在 505 户左右），2262 亩耕地面积 ,1527 口人。人均耕地面积 1.48 亩，全村主要耕种作物为玉米，小麦和大豆，种植方式采用春小麦 - 夏玉米间种夏大豆，当地玉米亩产 1500-1600 斤，小麦亩产 700-800 斤，大豆亩产 200-250 斤。玉米、小麦、大豆的价格受供需关系和季节影响，变化较大，平均价格玉米 0.7-0.8 元 / 斤，小麦 1.1 元 / 斤，大豆 2 元 / 斤。一个五口之家（爷爷、奶奶、父亲、母亲、儿子）平均每年种地的收入在 5000-6000 元左右。 2013 年，杨建新与村集体合资成立良户旅游开发公司，本次欢迎的态度，村委在公司股权方面做出了很大让步，村集体占股村集体出资 10 万，杨建新出资 90 万共同成立管理公司。在公司运营方面，加大宣传力度，拍摄良户宣传片，旅游开发标识等 UI 设计；组织民间民俗活动表演；对部分基础设施进行改造，回收全村的旱厕和猪圈，配合村集体建设水冲厕所；在村口新建了能容纳 350 辆车的停车场；与村民签约租借协议，修缮已收回的民居；从山西各地回收古建筑构件以及砖雕，木雕，石雕作为三雕博物馆藏品。目前良户知名度正在逐步上升，但是随着运营的深入，目前大量投入而没有稳定收入的开发模式，使得公司资金链出现问题，旅游公司开发运营陷入停滞阶段。站在这片有着千年历史的土地上，我们却很难想象它的未来。也许这样的古村落在山西有太多太多，大家都审美疲劳，保护意识不强。目前，良户的发展模式还是以旅游开发为主，但是随着开发运营的停滞，未来的发展越来越迷茫。开发的停滞使得村民和村集体对旅游公司信任度的下降，担忧的情绪在村民中普遍存在。随着城市化进程的加剧，传统的乡土社会被打破。另一方面我们也注意到这样一种怪圈，村里人通过各种方式逃离乡村，人口回流愈来越少；而城里人同样也声称要逃离城市，农村人无法适应城市生活，城市人也没办法融入农村生活，融入农村生活的只是与农村生活格格不入，与城市一样的酒吧和咖啡厅。

——陈刚，良户印象

HAOTANG VILLAGE XINYANG, HENAN 河南信阳郝堂村

Overview 概况

总人口： 2,300 Villager Group

村民组： Haotang Village is located in Xinyang, Henan Province. Before the development, the migrant workers accounted for 70%. Meanwhile the average income of villagers was about RMB 4,000 yuan per year. Since 2009, carrying out the rural finance and developing the rural tourism, Haotang has get high speed development and great changes. In 2014, the total rural capital income reached 17 million yuan. And, the average income of villagers increased to about RMB 7,500 yuan per year, advancing the standard of the living. In 2011, the village collective invested a development company, which has constructed of infrastructure and improved dwellings. In the development mode, Haotang Village has been preliminary successful. 郝堂村位于河南省信阳市。在发展前，农民工数量达 70%，而农民的年平均收入为 4000 元。自 2009 年实施农村内置金融、发展农村旅游以来，郝堂村已经得到了高速的发展，发生了巨大的变化。2014 年，郝堂村农村资本总收入达 1700 万元。与此同时，农民年均收入提升至 7500 元，生活水平得到极大改善。 2011 年，由村集体投资建设的公司进行了基础设施的建设与乡村住宅的改善。郝堂乡村建设的初步成果证实了该种发展模式的可行性。

Total Population

Total Area

总面积： 20.7

km2

Forrest Land

林地面积：1,333

Farmland

耕地面积：127

Tea Land

茶园面积：2,300

Economics & Policies 经济政策及发展历程

secretary yu mingshan of pingqiao

government new rural development policy

land use reform

09 100,000 RMB

initial 340,000 RMB

20,000 RMB

li changpin

50,000 RMB

china new rural planning and design micro finance

140,000 RMB

7 wealthy villagers

30,000 RMB

xi yang hong village collective

villagers decide to establish collective

15 elderly

elderly care fund

160 million RMB

300 RMB

sha hold

1st developer rent/develop country club

60,000 - 90,000 RMB per mu per year 80 mu 60 year lease

11 village infrastructure

#1 courtyard renovation

shareholders

young entrepreneurs co-op

1st nong jia le opens

hong wei primary school

200 mu lotus flower pond

areders

opens office in haotang

haotang masterplan

700 RMB

beautiful villages policy

lv yuan land co-op

800 RMB

shareholders

800 RMB

shareholders

? RMB

shareholders

800 RMB

shareholders

800 RMB

shareholders

Interview with Yu Mingshan 郝堂乡委书记禹明善访谈 Secretary Yu:

Previous Chairman of Haotang Village Development and Reform Commission Now secretary of Pingqiao District Specializes in rural policy studies, especially the “3 nong issues,” the 3 issues found in rural villages - Agriculture (Nongye) - Rural Areas (Nongcun) - Farmers (Nongmin) Fundamental issue of rural areas is the flight of younger, working age, people due to urbanization and biased policies that favor the development of urban areas. The result is the urban-rural relationship becomes that of the wolf and the sheep, respectively.

Secretary Yu’s questions:

- Should the relationship between urban and rural be that of wolf and sheep or should there be a more symbiotic relationship between the two sides? - Is the collapse of rural culture early? Late? Good? Bad? - Should we restore the rural areas or not? - Are there organizations within the farmers’ communities? It is obviously not working, so why is it not working? - Why are the two village committees not functioning? o Village, non-party committee (cun weihui) o Village, supervising, party committee (cun zhibu) Commercial banks are allowed to loan money to villagers with the approval of the two village committees even if the villagers does not meet necessary credit and security deposit requirements. However, with a non-functioning village committee, the villagers are left without a credit source. In conclusion, Secretary Yu insists that there must be a micro finance model in place to support the villagers. Agriculture Bank of China and Agriculture Development Bank of China – are typical commercial banks, not designed to serve rural areas even though the name would suggest otherwise.

Conclusion:

Haotang needs a financial system that works specifically with rural land ownership systems*. [*Land in rural china are owned collectively by the village] The need for loans in the village are less important than the need for a safe depository; generally, villagers deposit more money than they borrow. The current situation is that villagers deposit their money in commercial banks, and commercial banks then invest and loan out money to urban areas. “Sucking out the blood from rural areas.” -Yu

Micro Finance:

Established Haotang “Senior Care Financial Cooperative” (Xi Yang Hong) to create a fund from 7 founding members each of whom invested a total of 20,000 RMB each in 2009. Trial period of this micro finance model from 2009-2011. 2011 to now: comprehensive development and attraction of other social pro80

grams There are currently 240 seniors in the cooperative Li Changping, partner of Xiang Jian Yuan, hopes to use internally generated funds rather than external investments or government investments – external inputs have traditionally been unsustainable.

Risk Management:

- 10 seniors supervise the fund - Potential loan seekers must have approval of the 10 seniors - Loans are usually made for the construction of their homes, marriages, and production

2 top down national policies:

- 2005, 11th 5-year plan – New Rural Development (Xin Nongcun Jianshe) o Building large areas of “boxes” – concentrated residential building - 2012 to 2014, during the 12th 5-year plan – Beautiful Villages (Meili Xiangcun) o Major criticism of Meili Xiangcun is that it is mostly superficial work done without a deep understanding of the rural context 2015 government rules that every village must go through overall planning and design

How they started:

2009, Secretary Yu and Li Changpin came to Haotang and spoke with the village chief, Hu Jing. Hu Jing said, in the past, village officials’ major work is with the regulation of the one child policy; they left an impression on the villagers that they come either for the money or for the life of families with more than one child. Elderly suicide – a couple of days before they arrived, an elder committed suicide because of feeling of being driven in a corner; left in the village alone without any family members around. Hu Jing went to Li Changpin and Secretary Yu asking for suggestions in which they came up with the idea of the Xi Yang Hong, the Senior Care Financial Cooperative.

Xi Yang Hong:

Yu invested 100,000 RMB Li Changpin invested 50,000 RMB 7 respected villagers each invested 20,000 RMB 14 elderly each invested 2,000 RMB A total of 340,000 RMB was raised at its inception The Cooperative was organized into a Council of Trustees and a Board of Supervisors. The two parts are organized to manage profit, risk, and the distribution of dividends. During the lunar New Year, shareholders receive their dividends During the 1st year, 300 RMB was distributed to each shareholder, later years, the amount rose to 700 RMB, then 800 RMB. There are currently 240 seniors in the cooperative. In general cooperatives are categorized into “Specific” or “Comprehensive” 81

cooperatives. - Specific cooperatives are supported by the State, but hard to practice locally - Comprehensive cooperatives currently have no legal support; the law has only legislated the Specific Cooperative, not the Comprehensive Cooperative

禹明善主席：曾任郝堂村发改委主席，现为平桥区科技局局长。多年从事包括“三农问题” 在内的农村政策研究。他认为农村地区的根本问题是，城市过度吸纳了乡村的人口资源和财富造成城乡二元差距越来越大。现在的城乡关系已经演变为狼和羊之间的关系。

Lv Yuan Limited Cooperation:

禹明善主席的问题： 1、城市和农村之间的关系应该是狼与羊之间的关系，还是应该是一个和谐共生的关系？ 2、当下农村文化是否崩溃？ 3、我们是否应该保护修复破败的农村地区？ 4、农民社区是否有自己的组织？如果有，显然它不工作，为什么它不工作？ 5、为什么村支两委没有发挥它应有的作用？

Comprehensive Cooperative - Finance - Development - Expense Lv Yuan owns Haotang’s land cooperative - Land Use Reforms from agriculture land to development land are fixed per village - Land Use Reforms must be approved by the government - Haotang’s land use reforms have taken quotas from surrounding villages to be used in Haotang with support from the government China’s equivalent of Community Banks in the United States - Construction of “Specific” cooperatives are legal in China for providing financial services - “Specific” cooperatives are difficult to establish; they must be supported by local government - They don’t compete with banks in the city; banks in the city does not invest in rural areas - Even “specific” cooperatives have to deposit money into city banks

Questions:

What do you think is the biggest threat facing the progression of what is happening at Haotang? - Biggest threat is whether or not the government thinks that Xi Yang Hong is completely legal; if they decide that it is illegal then there’s nothing that can be done and it will fail - Next biggest threat is the quality of people working there. If too much control lies with one person who is corrupt, then the cooperative will not work for the benefit of everyone

禹明善主席认为组织供给无效是因为缺乏一个和农村体制相适应的微观的金融模式。中国农业银行和中国农业发展银行也是典型的商业银行，而不是设计为农村地区。禹明善主席的结论：郝堂村需要一个和农村土地所有权制度相适应金融系统。（中国农村土地是集体所有的土地）农民的贷款需求量远远小于存款额度。而现实生活中，大部分的村民将钱存入商业银行，而商业银行则向城市投资和贷款，推动了城市的发展，禹主席的话来说，就是“从农村地区吸血”。提问环节： Q:你认为郝堂村发展的最大制约是什么？ A：目前最大的制约是，夕阳红的合法性没有得到完全认可。如果政府认为夕阳红是非法的，那么我们面对的就是失败。下一个的威胁是郝堂村工作人员的质与量的问题。腐败和人员冗杂问题，都是潜在的威胁，如果发生，那么我们的合作基础也将面临崩溃。

Economics & Policies 内置金融结构分析 7 villager shareholders // 20,000 RMB each

夕阳红养老资金互助社模式

15 seniors // 2,000 RMB each village government // 20,000 RMB upper government // 100,000 RMB li changping // 50,000 RMB

house renovation

郝堂发起“夕阳红养老资金互助合作社”（以下简称“夕阳红”）的模式简单来说就是：由村民、村集体、政府和爱心人士等共同出资，形成基础资金池，然后为本村村民提供抵押贷款。贷款的利息收益作为养老金发给入社的老人社员，其他出资者不参与分红，但享有资金监管权力。

entrepreneurship

loan

initial fund 340,000 RMB in 2009

interest

individuals

risk capital %

senior care

40%

xi yang hong

30%

reserved funds 15

operation costs

yearly interest

160 million loan usage rights transfer

lv yuan

developer rented

rent

80 mu for 60 years 60,000 - 90,000 RMB per mu per year

build build

basic infrastructure 200 mu land lotus fower pond rice paddies 400 jin of rice per mu per year 60 years

部分资料来源于乡建院 84

其发起时间为2009年9月，通过政府和外来协作者的协作，发动有积极意愿的村民参与，募集首批资金。2009年9月，首批资金到位总计34万。其中，平桥区政府通过科技局拨付10万，河北大学中国乡村建设研究中心（李昌平领导的课题组）出资5万，郝堂村村委会集体出资2万，还有村民主动拿出的 14万元敬老资金。加上首批入股的15位老人，股金每人2000元，合计3万。共计34万元首批资金到位。

建立管理制度和团队

+/- 500 mu land

种子资金筹集

9月下旬，召开发起人大会，确定“夕阳红”为养老资金互助社名称，确立资金互助促发展、利息收入敬老人”，选举“夕阳红”养老资金互助社理事会和监事会，讨论建立合作社章程。章程在贷款审批、风险控制、收益分配、养老功能方面都做了相关安排。比如，年轻人申请贷款需要老人作为担保，林权，房屋产权可以作为抵押。当时规定利息收入的40％养老，30％做为公积金，15％做为管理费，15％做为风险金。比如，通设计两权（决定贷款权和否决贷款权）分离制度，降低风险。

运营在当年10年30日，夕阳红第一笔贷款发放。次年1月24日，进行首次老人分红，每位老人当年领取到320元。郝堂村老人通过加入互助社，每年获取的分红逐年增加，如下图，2009年320元，2012年达到800元。从2009年到 2012年12月，资金互助规模360万，发放贷款规模达500万，总计贷款周转额度超过1000万，并因此获得了更多的政府扶持和投入。

tea house library senior care bridges from agricultural land to rural development land house***

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Physical Planning 物理空间规划

往信阳主要机动车道

Main Vehicle Passage to Xinyang

郝堂一号院

First bnb of Haotang Village

村卫生所

Village Medical Center

Bnb 组团

往1号自行车环道

Collective Bnbs

To No.1 Bicycle Circuit

村委会

Village Committee

乡建院

China New Rural Planning and Design Institute

养老服务中心

Welfare Building Center

往2号自行车环道 To No.2 Bicycle Circuit

部分荷塘

岸芷轩茶室

Some Lotus Pond

Tea House

滨水景观

景观改造小溪

Renovated Landscape

Stream after Landscape Renovation

农家乐分布

青年创业合作社 Bnb

Bnb Distribution

村图书馆

基础设施

Youth Entrepreneurship Bnb

往3号自行车环道

Village Library

Infrastructure

To No.3 Bicycle Circuit

公共空间

Public Space

小学公厕

Public Toilet of Primary School

重要建筑

Important Buidling

村礼堂

现有路网

Village Auditorium

Road Network

郝堂宏伟小学

Haotang Hongwei Primary School

自行车环道 Bicycle Circuit

100 50

150M

Space Use Situation 空间使用情况索引滨水景观 Landscape

荷塘

Some Lotus Pond

农家乐 Bnb

Bnb 组团

Collective Bnbs

公共设施 Public Device

郝堂宏伟小学

Haotang Hongwei Primary School

公共空间 Public Space

重要建筑 Important Building

村礼堂

郝堂一号院

往信阳主要机动车道

村礼堂使用率较低，几乎看不见公共活动的身影。

作为乡建院在郝堂与村民共建的第一个实践项目，郝堂一号院已成为本土建筑再创作的典范。

连接郝堂村与信阳市的机动车道擦着村庄而过，为其内部提供了一个步行友好的氛围。

As the first practice project established by Rural Planning and Design Institute and villagers, the First Bnb of Haotang has already built a good sample.

The roads connect Haotang and Xinyang City do not enter the village, providing a walkable environment for people.

Village Auditorium

First Bnb of Haotang Village

起景观修复作用的荷花池，现已成为郝堂村吸引外来游客的自然资源，其于村子的重要性不言而喻。

位于郝堂村红星组组团主街两侧的农家乐多为村民自营。

郝堂宏伟小学硬件设施建设情况良好，在课程设置上也引入诸如烘焙课等，创造了丰富的教育体验。

As a landscape regeneration project, the lotus pond has already become an important natural resource to attract tourists.

The collective bnbs at both sides of main street in Hongxing Group of Haotang are primarily runned by villagers themselves.

The infrastructure establishment of Haotang is quite good, meanwhile the curriculum setting such as baking class creats a rich education experience.

景观改造小溪

青年创业合作社 Bnb

养老服务中心

村图书馆

村委会

经改造的景观小溪，在提升了生态涵养的同时，为郝堂村创造了充满活力公共空间。

位于郝堂宏伟小学旁的农家乐，是青年创业合作社下设单位之一，定位于接待外地游客、写生学生团体等。

养老服务中心现作为活动室供村民所使用，客房尚未投入使用。

郝堂村图书馆作为对外展示的窗口，展览了从郝堂本地走出的文学巨匠的一生，本地人则较少到访。

村委会位于郝堂村口，是郝堂村进行决策与管理的单位。

The stream after landscape renovation provides a vivid public space besides promoting its original ecological funtion.

The bnb beside Haotang Primary School is an institution under the management of local Youth Enterpreneurship, providing service for tourists, art students and so on.

The welfare building center is currently used as a activity center for villagers. The guest rooms are not used yet.

Haotang Library presents the life of local iterature giants while the villagers seldom come over.

Stream after Landscape Renovation

Youth Entrepreneurship Bnb

Welfare Building Center

The utilization of village auditorium is low, since public activities could merely be observed within it.

Village Library

Main Vehicle Passage to Xinyang

Village Committee

The Village Committee located at the entrance of village is the decision making and managing institutionof the village.

自行车环道 Bicycle Circuit

卫生所

乡建院

1/2/3 号自行车环道

郝堂村卫生所为村民提供基本的配药、输液等服务；如遇更大的疾病则需至平桥区及信阳市医院。

乡建院是郝堂村最大的在地乡村建设实践中心。

规划的三条自行车道目前尚未建成。

The China New Rural Planning and Design Institute is the biggest local rural development practice center.

The planned three bicycle circuits have not been established yet.

Village Medical Center

The village medical center provides basic medicine service. However, further treatment needs to be resorted to Pingqiao District and Xinyang City.

China New Rural Planning and Design Institute

小学公厕

岸芷轩茶室

谢英俊所设计的公厕位于郝堂小学的内部，为一座干净的旱厕，使用情况与儿童反馈较好。

建于生态池上方的岸芷轩茶室，为游客提供了高品质的休憩空间。

The public toilet is a cleaned pit toilet located in Haotang Primary School. The usage situation and feedback is good.

The Anzhixuan Tea House located over the ecological pond, provides a high-quality public rest space.

Public Toilet of Primary School

现有路网 Road Network

No.1/2/3 Bicycle Circuit

Tea House

Space Ownership Analysis 空间建设权属分析

往信阳主要机动车道

Main Vehicle Passage to Xinyang

郝堂一号院

First bnb of Haotang Village

村卫生所

Village Medical Center

Bnb 组团

往1号自行车环道

Collective Bnbs

To No.1 Bicycle Circuit

村委会

Village Committee

乡建院

China New Rural Planning and Design Institute

养老服务中心

Welfare Building Center

往2号自行车环道 To No.2 Bicycle Circuit

部分荷塘

岸芷轩茶室

Some Lotus Pond

Tea House

景观改造小溪

Stream after Landscape Renovation

青年创业合作社 Bnb 村图书馆

Youth Entrepreneurship Bnb

往3号自行车环道

Village Library

To No.3 Bicycle Circuit

村民自主建设

Renovated Landscape

小学公厕

Public Toilet of Primary School

村委会建设

Built by Village Committee

村礼堂

Village Auditorium

乡建院建设

Built by Rural Design Institute

郝堂宏伟小学

Haotang Hongwei Primary School

开发商建设

Built by Developers

100 50

150M

Haotang Villager Survey 郝堂村人物速写

Nickname: Aunt zhang Age: 52 Occupation: Restaurant ownner Income/year: RMB 500,000 Household Size: 7 Farmland: 2 mu 昵称: 张阿姨年龄: 52岁职业: 农家乐老板年收入: 4万家庭人口: 7 耕地面积：2亩 Household Size A total of seven people, three generations, the old couple, son, daughter-in-law, I two granddaughters a grandson, all in a block, each meal to eat too sweet. 一共7口人，祖孙三代，我老两口、儿子媳妇、两个孙女一个孙子，全家都在一块，每顿吃饭也香啊。 Road The door is the way to the village path, but the road is too narrow and not fixed, potholes.Week 6, much to the car in the village, all can't each other, often traffic jam. 门口的路是到村的必经之路，但是路太窄又没修好，坑坑洼洼。礼拜六日来村里的车多了，都没办法会车，经常堵车。

Nickname: Uncle yuan Age: 50 Occupation: restaurant ownner Income/year: RMB 100,000 Household Size: 4 Farmland: 20 mu

Occupation compare 职业对比

Farmer 农民

Restaurant ownner 农家乐老板

Framland There are two acres, planted all have no shortage of now rented out, also has mountains, some tea leaves, bamboo and chestnuts.Have time to go to the mountain to receive some of their own tea and Chinese chestnut to buy, can sell for 5000 dollars a year or so. 有两亩地，都没有种了都荒着的现在租出去了，山林地也有，有些茶叶、竹子和板栗。有时间才去山里收点自己的茶叶和板栗来买，一年也能卖 5000块钱左右。 Xiyanghong I used the old woman was living there, now mostly over the age of 60 in the village, has the interest income, anyway, it's no use money at home.To join the old man is very little at the beginning, but after began to share out bonus, to join the old man is more slowly. 原来我老婆婆在的时候有，现在本村60岁以上的老人基本上都入了，都有利息收入，反正钱放在家里也没用。一开始的加入的老人还是很少的，但是开始分红之后，慢慢的加入的老人就多了。

昵称: 袁大叔年龄: 50岁职业: 农家乐老板年收入: 10万家庭人口: 4 耕地面积：20亩 Household Size Are four people in my family, I and my his wife, a son and a daughter.Before we are in guangdong hotel, find a place to soup, and hotel cooperation are back now. 我们家就四口人，我和我老伴儿，一个儿子，一个女儿。以前我们一家都在广东的酒店里面,和酒店合作自己找个地方煲汤，现在也都回来了。

Income Before a year can earn concentrations in guangdong, you also know that the financial crisis, after a year is ten.Now go home this year and almost anywhere, but the time of this than in the outside tired some, to worry about many things. 以前在广东一年也能挣二三十万，之后你也知道金融危机，一年也就十几万。现在回家做这个一年也差不多十几万，但是这个要比在外面的时候累一些，要操心很多事。

Occupation compare 职业对比

Kitchener 厨师

Restaurant ownner 农家乐老板

Framland Forest land field, forest land has 20 acres, are former tea plantations and chestnut, now back to the village.Points field has good field and bad field, when I was a bad field, others don't, so also got the 20 mu, the village also go back now.Is now the big pond, that is mine. 有山林地也有田，山林地有20亩，以前都是茶园和板栗，现在村里都收回去了。分田的时候有好田和坏田，我的是坏田，别人不要，所以也分了 20亩，现在村里也收回去了。就是现在的大荷花池，那就是我的。

Xiyanghong Before the inside of the river water is not clean, garbage into the river to pour.Township building courtyard to start after river regulation, water quality is slowly getting better and better.Sun Jun isn't here right now, in the village we a lot of people know him, face the township building in the village of evaluation are pretty high. 以前河道里面的水都不干净的，垃圾都往河里面倒。乡建院来了之后开始搞河道整治，水质才慢慢好起来。孙君现在不在村里面，我们很多人都认识他，村里面对乡建院的评价都蛮高的。 93

Villager Survey 村民满意度调查

Road Satisfaction 道路满意度

Environment Satisfaction 环境满意度

40%

Highly Satisfactory

10%

More Satisfactory

50%

Dissatisfaction

50%

Highly Satisfactory

25%

More Satisfactory

25%

Satisfaction

非常满意

比较满意

School Satisfaction 学校满意度

63%

Highly Satisfactory

37%

More Satisfactory

12%

More Satisfactory

25%

Satisfaction

63%

Dissatisfaction

非常满意

比较满意

不满意

非常满意

比较满意

一般满意

Hospital Satisfaction 医院满意度

比较满意

一般满意

不满意

Research Notes 调研札记

河南无疑是中国教育资源最匮乏的省之一，城市里的孩子经过数年考试“折磨”才有幸挤入那个上升通道（高考）。而大部分的农村孩子早早地在初中尚未毕业的时候，就已经离开校园，成为农民或者外出打工。之前接受的教育，对他们来说就是认字和简单的算数。而郝堂村的宏伟小学，可以说，是为农村小学发展提供了另外一种思路——培养下一代的中国乡村建设者。那里的孩子在接受普通课程之外，同时接触卫生环保、茶艺农业、健康食育等更切合乡村生活的教育。孩子们毕业之后，懂得有机农业知识和干净生活方式，特别是拥有自主学习的能力，比他们的父辈在农业发展和乡村建设上，起点更高，走得更远。但这也从侧面凸显中国教育的不公平。从个体来说，这种教育方式并未彻底改变乡村孩子的升学困境。城市向乡村吸纳人才的现象，是城市化进程的必然趋势。乡村固然值得大家热爱和守护，但是是否一定要留在乡村、建设乡村，还是要遵从个人的选择意愿。选择离开乡村的孩子，在升学的路上依然困难重重，几乎没有什么改变。从整体上来说，郝堂小学的生活化乡村教学方式，不仅是为城市培养人才，更是为乡村培养人才，但它是否能在全国乡村推行呢 ? 事实上，郝堂的教育优势，也是由于优质师资力量和惠好政策向郝堂倾斜才发展起来的，它的教学条件绝不比附近城市小学差。那么如何把教育资源倾斜到乡村，倾斜到哪里的乡村，乡村教育的未来在哪里又是一个系统性的超大难题。

——郑婷，乡村教育是为了谁

In 2009, the village of Haotang started a Senior Care Financial Cooperative (Xi Yang Hong) which later sprouted other collectivized initiatives that attributed to the growth of the village to its current state. Prior to my arrival at Haotang, our team has conducted general research of the economies in each of the different villages we have visited. Following Howu in Moganshan and Lianghu in Shanxi, Haotang was the third village on our journey to investigate first-hand, the effects of development in rural China. I was at once relieved as well as underwhelmed as our taxi came to a stop at Haotang’s main commercial street. Relieved because for several kilometers, as I looked out the window of the taxi, I was greeted by obviously decaying villages littered with trash piles while being tossed around by the incredibly damaged roadway. Although relieved at the sight of Haotang, I could not help but feel unimpressed by my surroundings. Compared to the sprawling village surrounded by mountains at Howu and the exquisitely detailed craftsmanship found on buildings dating back to the Qing and Ming Dynasties in Lianghu, Haotang appeared extremely ordinary and compact. However, walking through the village, what I noticed more present in Haotang than from the other villages was a palpable energy from the people that lived here. The initiation of Xi Yang Hong in 2009 was primarily directed by the guidance of two men; President Li Changping from the China New Rural Planning and Design Institute (Xiang Jian Yuan) and Secretary Yu Mingshan from the Pingqiao district of Henan, of whom we were able to speak to about his experiences and involvements at Haotang Village. The most notable topic brought up by Secretary Yu was his expressed grievances for the fundamental issues of rural areas as the flight of young, working-age, people due to policies which favored urbanization. Secretary Yu described the resulting relationship between urban and rural china as a wolf and sheep relationship, respectively. To some extent his questions regarding the relationship between the urban and the rural transforms from one of causality to one of integrity; from should there be a more symbiotic relationship to whether or not the collapse of rural culture is early, late, good, or bad. Secretary Yu eventually goes to pinpoint the lack of organization within the farmers’ communities is due to the inefficiencies of the village committees. Made up of two parts, the Village Non-Party Committee (Cun Weihui) and the supervising Village Party Committee (Cun Zhibu), Secretary Yu claims that due to a lack of universal support by these committees, villagers are not able to secure loans from commercial banks, therefore, the idea of the micro finance system was born. The micro finance system starts with Xi Yang Hong which began with a fund of 340,000 RMB provided by the government as well as several influential villagers. Xi Yang Hong essentially operates similar to that of a mutual fund for seniors; elderlies over the age of 60 are able to buy into the fund for 2,000 RMB which will pay out dividends during each Lunar New Years. To bring liquidity to the village, Xi Yang Hong will provide loans to villagers with the villager’s farmland as recourse. In order to minimize risk, a stringent selection system based purely on merit is in place; 10 respected elders in the village must unanimously approve a villager’s request for a loan before that loan can be paid out. This method of utilizing social capital is uniquely rural; and to this

date, there haven’t been any cases of delinquencies. There are currently 240 seniors with shares in the cooperative. In 2010, the village also formed Lv Yuan Ecological Tourism Development Cooperative which facilitates land transfers throughout Haotang. Lv Yuan is a “comprehensive” cooperative which does not currently have legal support. The main focus of Lv Yuan is the management of Haotang’s collective land. The rural “agricultural” land in Haotang can be transformed to “development” land through land use reforms approved by the government. Each village has a fixed amount of land that can be reformed; for Haotang, with some support from the government, they have negotiated the use of land reform quotas from nearby villages to support their growth. One of the largest projects undertaken by Lv Yuan was the development of Haotang’s 200mu lotus flower pond and rice paddies which draws visitors from nearby Xinyang. In 2012, Lv Yuan leased 80mu of land to a developer on a 60 year lease at a price of around 60,000 – 90,000 RMB per mu per year. In essence, Lv Yuan and Xi Yang Hong compliments each other by providing a way to bring liquidity to Haotang through flow of capital from outside sources and the accrual of interest from writing loans. I asked Secretary Yu what he thought was the biggest threat to the continuation and expansion of the micro finance system in Haotang. He replies that firstly, the greatest threat was whether or not the government will support the comprehensive cooperative; if the government does not deem the micro finance system legal, then it simply cannot exist. The legality of this model also brings skepticism to potential investors who sees huge risk in putting money into a program that might someday dissolve inadvertently. Secondly, is the character of the persons in charge; Secretary Yu emphasized the importance of having someone who acts in the best interest for the villagers and stated that it is very easy for one person to hold a lot of control in rural China. To some extent, Secretary Yu have thought about the possibility of providing a large scale financial service industry to rural China. He explained that currently, the villagers’ needs are not securing loans, but having a place to deposit their earnings that will enable reinvestment to rural areas. The current financial institutions does not bring capital to rural China, instead, the villagers’ money that are deposited in commercial banks are being invested in urban areas when these commercial banks write loans to city dwellers. The issue of growth, whether physical or financial, once again lies in the balance between urban and rural development. After visiting Haotang, I believe the past 8 years of steady growth will likely continue into the future. Through interviews with the villagers and some members of the Young Entrepreneurs Cooperative which began in 2013, there seems to be a great deal of optimism for what’s to come. However, the level of growth does not come without contention; Lv Yuan’s ability to manage Haotang’s development land from nearby villages have impeded the growth of surrounding villages. Remembering the villages on the taxi ride to Haotang, I can imagine Haotang in a similar state before the development of Xi Yang Hong and its subsequent cooperatives. I wonder if the micro finance system in Haotang can provide full financial services for the villagers in the future and if the success of Haotang will be able to propel similar growth for its neighbors.

——Yifan Tao, The Model Village 98

TANGJIAZHUANG VILLAGE HUANGSHAN, ANHUI

Overview

安徽黄山汤家庄村

Tangjiazhuang village locates in Huangshan Disatrict of Huangshan City, which is beside the western gate of Yellow Mountain and Taiping Lake. It has a good location as well as superior environment condition. With the transformation of economic structure and the development of tourism of Huangshan City and the Yellow Mountain, as well as the rapid prosperity of national tourism market, people lay more focus on the Huangshan City, Huangshan District and the Yellow Mountain Area. In current stage, the implement of deep plan and consistent development for Tangjiazhuang, which aim to make it integrate in the ecological establishment of Yellow Mountain positively and the urban tourism production development, makes it possible to develop the West Gate of Yellow Mountain and Taiping Lake wholly.

概况

Total Population

总人口：约1,000 Households

村民户数： 285 Labor Force

劳动力： 571 Agricultural Worker

农业生产人数: 313/258 Forrest Land

林地面积：2030.95

acres

Tea Land

茶园面积：75.86

acres

汤家庄村位于黄山区，紧邻黄山西大门和太平湖，区位条件优越，生态环境良好。随着经济结构转型、黄山市和黄山风景区的旅游朝纵深发展、大旅游大休闲大健康大养生的消费升级、城市经济的飞速发展以及国内外市场对黄山市、黄山区和黄山风景区的关注水平的提高，在现阶段，深入规划、持续开发汤家庄村区域，使其在主动融入大黄山生态文明建设和城市休闲旅游产业，创造综合效益方面，具备了与黄山西大门和太平湖风景区的一体化发展的可能性。

Dam 1

100

101

Root Cause Analysis

汤家庄发展根本原因分析

102

103

Economics & Policies 经济政策及发展历程

shanli group starts

developer

project start/ research

government

collabrate with columbia university students

sign contract money

village and local government

plumbing infrastructure (maotan) bought 2 mu of land for RMB 400,000 50 yrs

renovated villagers' houses

village

1989

cable TV for each household

taiping water dam

villagers

nong jia le opens

fixed/paved roadways 11

started harvesting houkui 104

105

bought 100 jin of tea to sell

formed project team consulting collabration with shanzhai city

maotan masterplan

AA summer visiting school

tangyuan boutique hotel design

boutique hotel finish construction

tangyuan opens hostel

chenkeng camping site/park opens

planning completed for rest of TJZ

design/ construction establish cooperative

beautiful village policy 16

money

upgrade maotan landscape/ infrastructure

maotan bnb experiment 2 houses

plumbing infrastructure (maotan)

cooperative starts managing public resources

long term rent 5-6 buildings RMB 120,000 each for 50 yrs

tangyuan meeting hall renovation/ repurpose

more minsu in maotan

as to 2016, ~ 10 houses are empty

106

107

Interview with Liu Wenlai 村委会会计刘文来访谈

Accountant Liu Wenlai has worked in the village committee since 1983, who is especially familiar with the village’s land allocation statute.

this year merely 110 or 120. The Maofeng tea accounts to 20% to 30% in the production amount of the majority.

Q: When and how did the village distribute the tea land and forest land respectively? How many forest lands did village plan to cut down per year? A: in the village the tea land is distributed in 1982, while the forest land in 1985. The tea land accounts to about 1 mu per person and 172 mu in total in Tangjiazhuang. The forest lands are categorized into plantation forest, broadleaved forest (natural forest) and bamboo forest according to the hill they locate. That is to say, the government at that time asked every household whether you would like the forest land from this mountain peak to that one. The forest land is about 50 mu per person, which is not accounted accurately. The plantation forest is 300 mu in total then while the broad-leaved forest (natural forest) is 1000. Thereafter many natural forest have been cut down and the trees are planted over and over again. Nowadays the national policy asks villagers to protect natural forest, especially in Yellow Mountain scenic area. It becomes stricter. Anyway, the plantation could be cut down as planned.

Q: How many tea workers will ordinary family hire and how long will they stay?

The tree logging needs to wait for government’s task, which is managed by Forestry Administration Department. The plant cutting number of Tangjiazhuang last year is about 200 cubic meters, which will distributed to 6 village groups later. Every year we have the logging plan, varying in different years. This year is the first year of Plan in 13th Five-Year, and the planned has not put forward yet, which mainly focuses on timber, while the bamboo could be logged freely. Q: Where do people sell bamboo and timber after they were cut down? A: The bamboo logged will be sent to bamboo factory in Jiaocun Village, and will be sent to Anji City and so on for further precision work, usually being manufactured to curtain and mattress, etc., and will be exported to Japan and southeast Asia later.

A: Take my family for instance, we commonly hire 3 people for about 15 days. They are primarily non-native workers from both sides of Huai River, while most from the north one, such as Anqing, Zhongyang, Tongling etc. These people finish their farmwork before Feburary in home and first go to West Lake near Hangzhou, for that the Longjing Tea matures earlier than tea here. After that, they will come over Yellow Mountain for help. Most of them are introduced by acquaintances and develop stable cooperative relationship. Q: Do you know when people leave their home in the spare households in Maotan? A: Conditions differ from individual to individual. For example, Jiao Shengbao, who owns a furniture factory in town, left in 2014, while Jiao Dejin left for town 6 to 7 years before. Q: Are you familiar with the history of village? A: This village has been existed a long time ago. The population are about 1100 in total, in which 400 are immigrants. The locals are mostly from Jiao family. The Hu family in Qiaowan, the Li family as well as Jiang family in Qiaoyuan, the He family and Zhu family in Xinkeng are previous immigrants before the establishment of new China. The Jiang family, Wu family and Wang family are also indigenous residents.

The timber will also be transferred to the timber factory in Jiaocun Village. After cutting, it will be manufactured as the board with finger-like connection, while some will be proceed as Buddha beads and exported to Japan. Q: How do timber co-op and tea co-op operate now? A: The timber co-op and tea co-op of Tangjiazhuang exist in names only. Some co-ops in other villages operate well. They do acquisitions and sales unifed, and could also apply for various national complements. Q: What is the total tea sales this year? How does the tea price compare to the years before? A: The total tea sales of Tangjiazhuang is about 70,000 jin. The Summer Green Tea market always ends in June 20th when tea market is good. This year people all end early or give up doing tea. In in good bearing years about 4 or 5 years before, the average price could reach 160 or even 170, while 108

109

会计刘文来从 1983 年就在村委会工作了，对村中尤其是村民的土地分配情况非常熟悉。

Q: 村里的茶地和林地分别是哪一年分的，怎么分的？每年计划砍伐多少？ A: 村里是 1982 年分的茶地，1985 年分的林地，都是按照当年的每家每户的人口数来分配。茶地人均 1 亩多，整个汤家庄共有 172 亩。林地分为人工林，阔叶林（自然林）和毛竹林，大约按照山头划分，就是指着山头每家每户问，那一块山峰到那一块山谷你要不要。人均约 50 亩多，没有实测过。当年的人工林约为 300 亩，阔叶林（自然林）约为 1000 亩，后来也有很多的自然林砍伐后又种上树，就变成了人工林。现在国家政策是自然林要保护，特别我们是在黄山风景区范围，管制的比较严格，人工林可以按计划砍伐。每年的树木砍伐要等政府下任务，由林业部门管理。去年整个汤家庄大约是 200 多方采伐计划，然后在分到六个村民组。每年都会有采伐计划，每年会有一定的浮动。今年是“十三五计划”的第一年，今年的计划还没有分配下来。采伐计划主要只针对木材，毛竹可以随便砍。

Q: 毛竹，木材砍下来卖到哪里？

Q：一般茶农家里请茶工会请几个，请多久？ A：以我们家为例，一般是请 3 个人，请个 15 天左右。他们多是外地来的，淮北，淮南都有人，江北人比较多，安庆，中阳，桐岭。这些茶农通常种地，在 2 月之前家里农活做完了，2 月份就先到杭州西湖那边做茶，西湖龙井采茶做茶的季节比我们这边早。之后 3 月开始再来黄山这边帮忙。多是熟人介绍，固定合作关系。

Q：您知道毛坦几户空置房屋的人家都是什么时候搬走的吗？ A：具体情况不同。比如焦圣宝大概 2014 年搬走的，他在城里开了家具厂。焦德进大概是 6-7 年前去了城里。

Q：您了解村子的历史吗？ A：这个村子很久以前就有了，村子总人数大约 1100 左右，其中移民人口大概在 400 人左右。本地人以焦姓为主，其他姓氏的本地人也有，桥湾的胡姓，桥源的李姓、江姓，新坑的何姓，朱姓也是比较早移民过来的，新中国成立以前，还有陈坑的江姓、吴姓、汪姓都是本地人。

A: 通常毛竹砍下来了就会送到焦村的毛竹厂，经过拉丝等简单加工卖到安吉等城市进行精加工，通常做成窗帘，床板等，一般外销到日本和东南亚。木头也是卖到焦村的木材加工厂，经过切割，做成带“手指连接”的木板，或也有在异地精加工成木珠（佛珠）销往日本等地的。

Q: 村里的林业合作社和茶叶合作社运营情况如何？ A: 汤家庄的林业合作社和两个茶叶合作社都是有其名无其实。合作社在其他村子有搞得好的，统一收购统一销售，也可以以合作社的名义向国家申请各种补贴。

Q: 今年的茶叶总销量是多少？往年的茶叶价钱跟今年比？ A: 去年整个汤家庄的茶叶总销量大概是 7 万斤。以往茶市好，夏茶都要做到 6 月 20 多号才结束，今年都早早结束了或者很多人家不做夏茶了。收成最好的是 4-5 年前，均价能卖到 160-170 左右，今年只有 110-120 左右。大多数人家做毛峰的比例在 20%-30% 左右。

110

111

Physical Planning 物理空间规划

竹林地

Bamboo Site

秧溪河

Yangxi River

农家乐

Nongjiale

往汤家庄村

To Tangjiazhuang Village

农家乐

Nongjiale

毛坦村民组

湿地

Maotan Villager Group

Wetland

茶地

Tea Land

林地

Forest

湿地与竹林地

Wetland and Bamboo Site

秧溪河

Yangxi River

茶地

Tea Land

林地

Forest

毛坦村民组

Maotan Village Group

往218省道

To No.218 Provincial Road

农家乐分布

Nongjiale Distribution

村民组内主路

The Main Road in Villager Group

茶地

Tealand

现有路网及自行车道 Road/Bicycle Network

40 20

112

60M

113

Village Masterplan

Space Use Situation

整体村庄结构

空间使用情况索引湿地与竹林地 Wetland and Bamboo

往太平湖 To Taiping Lake

Dam 3

林地 Landscape

现有路网 Road Network

新坑 Xinkeng

湿地与竹林地

Wetland and Bamboo

桥源 Qiaoyuan

山林地 Forest

The Main Road in Village Group

类湿地环境为水流交汇处，亲水空间大，水库区域面积宽广。水系贯穿村落。

由于人口迁出，现存水稻田大多荒废，只有少数彩田供留守人员自家栽种，种植方式为精耕细作的土耕模式。

The wetland area is located on the convergence of flux with a big area of closing-water space. The water area is big, while the water system crosses the village.

Because the people are immgrating from village to out side, nowadays the rice fields are almost obsolescent. Only a part of them are cropped by the residual residents. The cropping mode is some kind of intensive and meticulous farming.

精品酒店 Boutique Hotel 工作坊／青年旅舍 Workshop/Hostel

毛坦村民组 Maotan Village Group

村民组内主路

现存公路需要升级，以适应不同交通工具的需求。 The extant road need to be updated, in order to satisfy the different needs of public transportation.

农家乐分布 Nongjiale Distribution 往 218 省道 / 汤家庄

Dam 2

The Road to 218 Provincial Road/Tangjiazhuang 暴雨过后进村马路旁山坡容易发生滚石滑坡，对行驶安全造成极大隐患。

汤源 Tangyuan 村委办公楼 Village Committee Office

The road next to mountain cliff will cause landslide after rainstorm, which will do great latent harm to drivers' safety.

秧溪河 Yangxi River 茶地 Tea Land

桥湾 Qiaowan

毛坦村民组

Maotan Village Group

农家乐分布

田地 Field 竹林地 Bamboo Site

大部分村民组的公房已被废弃，目前有一些被村民用作临时生产场所。由于部分村民已移居附近镇上，各村民组目前有数量不少的闲置房屋。

毛坦现有旅游配套设施有限，仅有一家位于村入口处的农家乐，接待游客量较小。

湿地 Wetland

A large amount of public households have been abandoned, while some part of them are used as temperal productive space. Since some villagers immgrate to adjecent towns, every village group has some part of vacant households.

鱼场 Fish Farm 河坝 Dam 陈坑 Chenkeng

主路 Main Road

露营地 Camping Sites

规划步道 Proposed Footpath

茶地 Tealand

现有房屋 Building 竹林公园 Bamboo Park

Nongjiale Distribution

The tourist devices for Maotan now is limited, merely a Bnb locates at the entrance of the village group, with a specific tourist reception amount .

秧溪河 Yangxi River

发电站 Power Station 步道节点 Footpath node 新建项目 Proposed Project

毛坦 Maotan

往焦村镇 To Jiaocun Town

民宿群 b&b

Dam 1

114

500 250

茶地

秧溪河

大部分田地与山地用作茶叶种植，并会使用化肥与杀虫剂，导致土壤污染严重。

现存河流和水质量比较好，水源清澈。但某些河段难以接近，河岸存在不正当开发与利用，例如成为垃圾抛弃点，对河流造成污染，使河岸景观遭到破坏。

Tealand

750M

Most of the fileds are planted for tea, while using chemical fertilizer and pesticide with cause serious soil pollution.

Yangxi River

Now the river is well preserved in some stream segment.

115

Tangjiazhuang People Sketch 汤家庄村人物速写

Nickname: Grandpa in house 5 Occupation: Famer Household Size: 6 Farmland: 1.5 mu Housing construction time:1980 昵称: 5号屋爷爷职业: 农家乐老板家庭人口: 5 耕地面积：1.5 亩房屋建造时间：1980年 Household Size There are 6 people in my family. My son, is working in Huangshan City .My two daughter are doing business in Taipin .They have bought houses in the county. And they do not come back in the future. 我家有6口人，儿子在黄山居住，两个女儿在太平做生意。只有我们老两口留在村子。他们已经在城里买房，以后也不打算回来了。

Economy I don’t plant tea. Half of my farmland has wasted. We hire sever workers to cut bamboo.Government do not allow us to cut bamboo arbitrarily. And they do not give us the fallow subsidies as like the farmland lie fallow. Now it cost us 200 yuan everyay to hire a laber. This year the price of 50kgbamboo is 26 yuan . A few years ago, fishing income was more than 5000 yuan. After fishing and cutting bamboo were banned ,our life is almost unsustainable. 我家基本不种茶叶了。有一半地荒在那里。砍竹子也是请人弄的。现在国家不允许我们随便砍竹子，也不像田地休耕的时候给我们补贴，现在也没有补贴。现在砍毛竹的人工费用是200元每天，今年竹子的价格却是26块100斤。以前可以捕鱼的时候，捕鱼的年收入还能有 5000多元。现在既不能捕鱼又不 116 能伐林，生活难以为继。

Infrustracture Now it is not convenient to see a doctor ,as the poor medical conditions in the village. Health care reform has made us less and less convenient. There is a senior herbalist doctor in our village, who is so famous tthat many outsiders come here to look for him . But now for the drug control, he almost can't buy drugs from the county hospital . The villagers have to go to Jiao village, Taiping,Tunxi elsewhere to see the doctor. 现在看病很不方便，村里的医疗条件太差，医改让我们越来越不方便。汤家庄卫生所的老中医还不错，很有名，很多外地人都去找他看。但是现在药品控制，他从县医院进不到药，很多人只能去焦村、太平、屯溪其他地方看病。

Prospect The central government‘s policy is good, but not local implementation. Our interests is difficult to secure. For example, someone the developers want to buy the houses belonging to the village collective. But the money can only be paid to the village collective , can't be shared to the villagers. We cannot know their trade process and the amount of money. I don't know if we have the civil autonomy, I hope the government can sign some more college students village officials to give us some beneficial guidance. 中央的政策是好的，但是地方实施的不行。村民的利益难以得到保障。比如有人来村里开发，要买属于村集体的房子，但是钱只能打到村集体的账户，不能分给大家。村民不能得知具体的交易流程和金钱数量。我们是否在这件事上有公民自主权，我也不清楚。希望国家可以多派一些大学生村官来，给我们一些正确的引导。

Nickname: Aunt in house 3 Occupation: Famer Household Size: 6 Housing construction time:1984 昵称:3号屋阿姨职业: 农民家庭人口: 6 房屋建造时间：1984年 Household Size There are 6 people in my family. We have a son,a daughter and a daughter-in-law .My children are working in Taipin .My son is a build labourer. My Granddaughter ‘s school are also in Taipin. 我们一家6口人，我和老伴有一对儿女、还有儿媳妇，他们都在太平打工，儿子是建筑工人，孙女在太平上学。

Economy It's probably 1883 that we divided the mountain land in our village. At the beginning each family got the number of land in accordance with the family numbers. The standard was that one person was able to get 50 acres mountain land . The original policy is unchanged for 50 years. There will be 17 years that land changes will occur. At present it is seriously disproportionate between land numbers and family population. After the elderly died and their sisters married brothers, three men in a family have the land of nine persons. And another family had children born. But there are only the land of 2 persons.Their land can not afford to raise 6 people. They had to go out to work to support their families. 大概是83年我们村子分的山。当初每个家庭按照人口数量去分。一人50亩山林。当初的政策是50 年不变，所以还有17年才会发生土地变动。现在就存在土地数量和家庭人口严重不成比例的现象。有的家庭老人去世后，女儿出嫁了，兄弟三个人就有九个人的地。而有的家庭有孩子出生，却出现6口人只有2个人的地的情况，养不起6个人。于是不得不外出来打工养家。

Prospect We mainly plant the tea, especially Maofeng. But the production is just more than 10 pounds. The price is 60 yuan per pound. So we sell wood to add our income. If there is some improvement in the village, my children will come back and give us pension. 我们主要种植茶叶，特别是毛峰。但是今年产量就10多斤。60元一斤。另外还卖点木材。如果村里有些改善，我的儿女就会回来。这样也就有人给我们养老

Infrustracture The road in our village is built7 or 8 years ago. Just the superficial repair. And not later the tractors crushed the road. The river is not clean any more. In the past everyone wash clothes in the river. But now they throw garbage inside. 村里的道路是7、8年前修的，修的不是很好。当初只是表面修了一下。后来被拖拉机压坏了。河水很不干净，以前大家在里面洗衣服，现在往里面扔垃圾。

117

Appendix: Original Investigation Data 附录：原始调研数据

118

119

Houwu Original Statistics 后坞村原始数据统计

基本情况村民序号

建设结构

姓名

某阿姨

俞荣强

姚勤涛

王先生

性别

女

男

年龄

调查地点

岭脚下小店

古枫农家乐

小店对面民宅

山水指间

农村淘宝

第42号民宿

职业

零售店老板

农家乐老板

菜贩

农家乐老板

农村淘宝老板

民宿老板

砖瓦结构

砖混结构

砖混结构（个人出资130万左右，共5个房间350㎡）

框架结构与现浇板

砖瓦结构（12 间客房，工作日280元/间，周末 3 5 0 元/间，3层共 400㎡）

砖混结构（共 10个标准间，可住约20人，周末一般满房）

村内存在十年有余的小店门口闲聊，村内棋牌室

集体活动活动内容

文化礼堂；菜场集市

文化礼堂，但较少参加

家庭基本情况

没有广场舞，过年有杀猪饭与看戏，需统一报名并交纳费用

民宿情况

家庭人口

从事生产人口

民宿设计者情况

个人

设计满意度

房间过多，布局不佳

布局不够合理

开设与设计民宿意向

已经营5、6 年，所在村民组纷纷有9-30 户农家乐

没有考虑

大家都在开办农家乐

没有

已经营约1年

民宿经营已有衰退的趋势，本地市场存在恶性竞争；正考虑与人进行合伙经营，和外来投资者无交流

外来人员对生活影响

有适当影响（如较吵闹），但因农村人情好，故该现象并非很严重

影响不大

对周围居民的规律的作息生活存在一定影响

自营民宿难度

资金投入、客源

资金来源

资金链无法得到保证；客源

经费来源

全额个人承担共100万左右

商业抵押贷款（3年，利率 6.1%）与借款各占一半，前期共投入200 万元

贷款，前期投入80万

自筹100万元以上

去哪儿、住两天网站宣传，旅行团打折宣传

艺龙网、携程网、百度团购

主要通过网络宣传，去哪儿、携程网推广（去哪儿网抽成15%），每年花费1万元宣传

无扶持

无政府指导，凭借自己摸索

外出务工人口

16周岁以下人口

所从事职业

儿子：水电工；儿媳：幼师

大儿子：饭店

大女儿：家庭淘宝；大女婿：安吉沙发厂务工；

农家乐个体户

个体经商

医药品包装；民宿经营；儿子：物流管理

父亲于德清做泥瓦匠几十年，年收入 4万元，250 元/天；母亲于本地务工，副业为鸡鸭养殖

主要劳动力构成

老人

青壮年

青壮年/女性

青壮年

劳动力平均文化程度

初中

大学/大专

高中

专科

高中

收入与支出情况平均年收入

10万余元

50-60万元

10万余元

2-3万元

收入来源

零售/租地

水稻种植/外出务工/农家乐

蔬菜售卖

农家乐自营

农业收入

经商收入/药厂收入/

民宿经营

平均年开支

3万余元

7万余元

10万元

2-3万元，消费基本与杭州持平

主要开支项

日常/医疗

文化教育

日常/农村随礼

人工/材料/

日常/教育

医疗/教育

日常/教育

家庭耕地亩数

1.8

1-2

2.5

0.6

约几分

实际耕种亩数

1-2

年产量（最大产量）

900斤水稻

5000元毛竹

林地亩数

出租耕地亩数

蘑菇基地；薰衣草基地

耕地出租租金/ 每亩每年

1300

1200

990

约几分

水/电/网络

都有

生活情况都有

都有

品牌

500元国产机

Oppo

小米手机

Iphone 5s

Iphone

使用频率

非常频繁

房屋条件情况

120

2001年

2006年

1 9 9 0 年，2015年重新装修

政府对自营民宿扶持度

无补贴，但要求农民办民宿经营许可证，收税，对违建罚款

无政策扶持，依靠自我摸索

外出务工子女回乡意愿

暂时无，因子女在县城买房

有，年轻人愿意回乡工作，子女每周回家

回来的人较多

养老设施情况

有

很多（武康/筏头敬老院）

位于文化礼堂边，已开设2年

有

生活垃圾处理情况

满意

满意（污水处理自己安装）

满意（环境优于以前，由武康环卫公司负责）

满意（污水由集中处理后由个人负责）

满意

满意，周末垃圾会清理多次

比较满意（于 2015年建设的污水池与污水管道容量不够）

都有

手机使用情况

建设年代

宣传方式

2008年新建

基础设施情况

121

Lianghu Original Statistics 良户村原始数据统计基本情况村民序号

姓名

郑秀玲

某大哥

熊大哥

宁金香

李阿姨

陈瑞杏

宇正哥

米大姐

牛仙

薛秀仙

钟奶奶

性别

女

男

女

男

女

年龄

老五农家乐

乐村淘

田记饭庄

农房

郭家院

民宿老板

小店老板

饭店老板

农民

餐馆老板

农民

家庭人口

从事生产人口

外出务工人口

16周岁以下人口

所从事职业

经营餐厅/本地务工，丈夫于2009年开始在附近煤矿上班/经商

务农/自营小店/村内无企业，无法提供工作职位，儿子于城内广告公司务工

经商/之前外出务工，在煤矿上班

附近从事三轮车运输业。

务农/附近旅游公司上班。

老人于乐风煤矿上班/ 儿子于煤矿开铲车/女儿做饭带孩子

郑州做生意

务农

务农/本地务工/外出打工

务农

教书/务农

主要劳动力构成

青壮年

青壮年/女性

青壮年

劳动力平均文化程度

初中

初中/高中

初中

小学

小学/初中

初中

平均年收入

2-3万

1-2万

3万元

1万余元

7000元

4000-5000元

一天工资30元

3000-4000元

收入来源

农家乐/煤矿务工

电器零售/外销/部分农业

运输收入

务农/本地务工收入

本地务工

务农/做小生意

务工与玉米种植收入

外出务工

玉米种植

平均年开支

2-3万

1-2万

2-3万

3万多

3到4万

基本维持生活

主要开支项

日常/生产性投入

日常

日常/教育开支

日常/农业开支

日常生活

日常/教育

日常生活

生产性投入

家庭耕地亩数

8/9

2.7

1.2

实际耕种亩数

1.2

年产量（最大产量）

2000斤玉米

1500斤玉米

1200斤玉米

500-600斤小麦

1500斤玉米

1200-1500斤玉米

林地亩数

出租耕地亩数

1亩多

0.6

耕地出租租金/每亩每年

800-900

900

耕地种植情况

耕地年玉米产量约为 1000-1500斤

往年产量约为4000斤玉米，今年为3000斤，单价最高一元/斤，去年为0.7元/斤

耕地租出去了租期14 年，种葡萄；目前自家主要收茶叶盒板栗

玉米可达1500斤每亩，最高位2000亩，豆子有补贴

3亩地光化肥就需要 700-800元，全年种地收入大约1万元

种植小麦、玉米与豆子各2亩，一年回花费约 1500元在农药、肥料与收割上

小麦产量容易受天气与冰雹等影响

玉米杆与小麦秆会进行

都有

偶尔停电

都有

都有，电脑也有

都有

华为

金立/海信

华为

无

全盈

小米

联想

OPPO

调查地点职业家庭基本情况

收入与支出情况

焚烧或喂牛

生活情况水/电/网络手机使用情况品牌 122

123

Lianghu Original Statistics 良户村原始数据统计（续）使用频率

必不可少

多

考虑用微信平台宣传，村内用处不大

多，用于和老师沟通

家中座机

较多

频繁

建设年代

2008年

1990年

2007年

已建20年

已有400年

90年代建设

明代

建设结构

砖混结构

砖瓦结构

砖混结构

砖瓦结构

砖混楼房

砖瓦楼房

村内有老年活动设施供下象棋、打麻将与看书；还有村舞与正月初一至十八的灯展

由杨建新举办的灯展，带来较多人流量

八一女子乐队/广场舞/ 正月十七民俗舞

广场舞、健身器材偶尔回去

村委门口的跨年

民宿活动较多，正月初一到十八每天有上千人参观

广场舞/过年民俗活动，多为村里组织

会参加村内广场舞

广场舞/村委会举办3个乐队

房屋条件情况

集体活动活动内容

民宿与农家乐开设情况经营民宿意向

正在经营

没有意向

在经营餐厅，打算租下前院扩大经营

有考虑，但地段不好

不确定

欢迎旅游开发，希望日后能够增加

经营饭馆

打算经营餐饮

自营民宿难处

客流量不多

旅游没发展起来，村内农家乐数量过少

客流不稳定，但比种地容易

没人来

政府支持政策

，政府会一次性给5000 元启动基金，帮助宣传，介绍客流，开展民宿宣讲会

春季有为期十多天的培训

大队有适当补助

有春季培训等

儿子贷了款（商业），前年盖得，准备经营宾馆，但政府不支持，尚未经营

村内变化情况

与种地相比压力较小，村庄知名度提高，希望先考虑经济问题发展旅游业，环境虽变好了，但化工厂的关闭导致经济变差

去年加入“乐村淘”组织，该组织总部在太原，在村中设点并派有业务员，但农民不认可

14年后旅游公司介入，修了公厕与长廊等

知名度提高

村内游客越来越多，孩子不回村，对村内环境不满意

之前在煤矿工作很多，现在部分矿工去外地煤矿采煤

村里有，村民组没有

124

125

Haotang Original Statistics 郝堂村原始数据统计

基本情况村民序号姓名

袁大叔

杨小姐

马大哥

余老板

杨阿姨

黄阿姨

吴阿姨

张阿姨

性别

男

女

男

女

年龄

调查地点

湘里乡味

小卖部

佛山村

茶室

佛山村

养老中心

荷花塘

职业

餐厅老板

家庭主妇

农民

茶室老板

农民

服务员

出售莲子

出售玩具

使用频率

非常频繁

建设年代

2011年（改造）

建设结构

砖混结构

砖瓦结构

砖混结构（改造花了10 多万，政府补贴了4万元）

从事生产人口

外出务工人口

16周岁以下人口

主要劳动力构成

公公经营小卖部，以前是外出做木工；自己以前是卫校毕业，工资是1000到 2000之间。

在家务农，儿子在深圳工厂工作

13年开始经营茶社、自己收茶、制作、小范围出售。是青年创业合作社成员之一。

务农，老公在林业局做零时工，砍树，一天100块薪水。

自己在养老中心工作，老公在平桥区做装修工，儿子刚大学毕业，准备找工作

自己务农，卖莲子；老公在附近做小生意

儿子在做水果生意，丈夫做小零工

青壮年

劳动力平均文化程度

初中

职业技术学校

小学

初中

小学

初中

高中

无教育背景

平均年收入

10万多

2-3万

4-5万元

4-5万余元

7-8万余元

1-2万元

2万左右

收入来源

农家乐自营

旅游产品零售

农业收入

工作收入

做小生意

做小生意和工作收入

平均年开支

3万多

3到4万

主要开支项

日常/生产

日常

日常/教育

医疗/教育

日常/教育

医疗/日常

家庭耕地亩数

20多

2.5

0.8

实际耕种亩数

0.8

年产量（最大产量）

400-500斤水稻

林地亩数

不清楚

70-80

出租耕地亩数

20多

耕地出租租金/ 每亩每年

2.4万元/人

500

耕地是送给邻居耕作，无租金

茶叶自己加工自己卖，往年产量最大几十斤，300到 400元一斤

耕地租出去了租期14 年，种葡萄；目前自家主要收茶叶盒板栗

耕地目前荒着，主要依靠茶叶收入，每年收 1000金左右，价格 300到1200 每斤。

种植茶叶，需要请10几个工人采茶

13年前稻子可以赚上万元，栗子卖几千块

没有林地，只有丈夫有耕地

没有网络

都有

没有网络

TETC

步步高

华为

三星

收入与支出情况

耕地种植情况

频繁

90年建设（并未改造）

2014年

1 9 9 5 年，100平米左右

时间长久，记不清

90年代，2 层

砖瓦结构

乐队表演和广场舞

文艺晚会

集体活动

家庭人口

经营餐厅

房屋条件情况

家庭基本情况

所从事职业

频繁

活动内容

跳舞、舞狮表演

文化礼堂，但较少参加

民宿情况民宿设计者

乡建院

儿子

设计满意度

满意

开设与设计民宿意向

打算出租给别人做餐厅，租金5 万一年。

政府鼓励开农家乐

村里经营农家乐的较多，还有外来经营者。

建房时，由天创设计公司设计，由政府补贴，借了亲戚家 40多万。

距离红星村民组较远，不打算经营农家乐

有意向，但是现在政府没有补贴，09年到 12年也可以贷款，但现在贷不到了

儿子贷了款（商业），前年盖得，准备经营宾馆，但政府不支持，尚未经营

没有

有，每年都医院来给老人体检，但因为缺乏医疗条件，养老中心并未接纳老人入住

村里有，村民组没有

养老设施情况养老设施

有

有，但在家养老

没有

有，但没有发挥老人居住功能

生活情况水/电/网络

都有

没有网络

品牌

三星

华为

都有

手机使用情况

126

酷派

127

Tangjiazhuang Original Statistics 汤家庄村原始数据统计

基本情况房屋序号

基本情况

房屋序号

房屋功能

住宅

房屋功能

住宅

空置房屋，已被长期租赁

住宅

空置房屋，已被长期租赁

建造时间

1966-1976年间

1998

1984

20-30年前

建造时间

1980

1987

房屋质量

良

房屋质量

优

木结构

砖砌体结构

木结构

砖混

农房

木结构

材料/建造方法

家庭基本情况

家庭成员数目

家庭成员分布

村内

村里

村里/城里

家庭成员分布

村里/城里

成员工作情况

夫妻俩村里，儿子，女儿在太平打工，儿子是建筑工人，孙女也在太平

家里有两个80多岁的老人，大女儿吃药死了，小女儿在上海打工，大儿子住在隔壁09号。小儿子50多岁，身体有疾病，没有讨老婆，跟父母住在一起

成员工作情况

两个老人在村里，一个儿子在黄山，两个女儿在太平做生意

夫妻俩村里，儿子在杭州打工，在那边结了婚又离了婚，自己带孙子。女儿嫁人了，在太平打工，外面现在很难找到事情做

何时搬至本地

本地人

何时搬至本地

本地人

主要经济收入

不识字，没有收入，属于五保户，自己种菜养鸡种茶养活自己，自己种点毛峰（工序简单），猴魁工序复杂需要购买设备做不了

种茶，主要种毛峰，今年收了10 几斤，60元一斤。另外还卖木材

种茶，有1亩茶地，种了点毛峰，托人到市场上卖了2000多块，卖的90多一斤

收入来源

基本不做茶，有1.5亩地，地半荒在那里。砍树砍竹子也是请人弄的

种茶，今年春茶和夏茶一共收了 20-30几斤毛峰。每年的养老金一个人可以拿900元（60岁以上开始发放），老公另外还有一个月400块的退役军人的退休工资

种茶，有1亩茶地，种了点毛峰，托人到市场上卖了2000多块，卖的90多一斤

收入与支出情况

收入与支出情况主要经济收入

2-3万

收入来源

种茶，卖到太平市场。家里一共有15亩茶地，今年大概收了 110-120斤茶。当初分山按照家里8口人分的，每个人有70亩林地。秋冬也卖木材，收入一半一半。家庭总收入2-3万每年

乡村建设情况

给村里安了路灯。焦村也有幼儿园到初中，但是为了孩子教育我们送到了太平读书

道路修的不够好，只是表面修了一下，拖拉机一压就坏了。政府搞“村村通道路”，87年开的路，但是水泥路是7，8年前才修的。毛坦，陈坑的道路最差。危房翻修，但是村里还有一栋房子要倒了，因为父亲儿子都在外打工，村里没人照料，至今还没有修缮。河水治理要是搞好了就好了，以前村民也在那洗衣服，后来都往河里丢垃圾污染了水质

乡村建设情况

医疗不方便，焦村的医院太差，医改越改越差。汤家庄的卫生所的老中医不错，也很有名，外地都有人来看他，但是现在医药控制，他从县城医院进不到药，于是许多人只能去焦村，太平，屯溪看病，屯溪的医院好一点，焦村，太平都不行

水库修建情况

水库应该是79年修的，当时淹掉了一些茶树，政府当年按照 1050元/亩给予补贴。现在其他地方的水库给补贴都是至少一万几一亩

水库应该是1980年建的，大概是1983年分山，（土地包干到户/大包干）。当初分地是按家庭人口分，一人50亩，至今没有重新调整过，当初的政策是50年不变，所以还有17年才会重新根据家庭人口数目重新调整土地分配。现在就存在土地数目跟家庭人口严重不均等的情况，比如以前有9口人的人家，4个女儿嫁了，2个老人死了，剩下3个儿子拥有相当于9口人的土地。其他人家则可能是6口人只有2口人的土地的情况，养不起6口人，于是乎也不得不又一部分出去打工另谋生路

水库修建情况

村内方便程度

很方便，自己种菜，用水免费，每天早上9-10点有人送荤菜过来卖

村内方便程度

生活垃圾处理

烧掉。沼气池太麻烦，要猪粪，稻草

闲置房屋状况

到太平买了房子

回村居住意愿

家里在城里有买房

生活情况

128

烧掉

一般都烧掉

有些烧掉，有些扔掉

生活垃圾处理

搬到焦村，太平，在那边买了房子，不回来了

女儿在焦村有房子，不会回村里住了，每年节假日回来一趟，一年给家里差不多1000块钱左右。

闲置房屋状况

儿女年龄大了就回了

回村居住意愿

扔掉

扔到河里，或者烧掉

搬到焦村，太平，在那边买了房子，不回来了

儿女年龄大了就回了

129

基本情况房屋序号

房屋功能

住宅

废弃工房

建造时间

1987，之前是土房子

房屋质量

优

良

木结构

材料/建造方法

基本情况 11

房屋序号

住宅

房屋功能

1984

1994

良

优

木结构

砖混

12 房屋因年久失修倒塌后被清除

13 住宅

14 空置房屋，已被长期租赁

15 住宅

建造时间

1989

1997

房屋质量

优

材料/建造方法

砖混

村里/城里

村里

女户主待在家里。儿子在合肥，去年大专毕业，学的是工程造价，但是找不到工作，现在在做销售。女儿在太平工作。老公在青岛建房子做木工。我们家跟对面的19，18号是亲戚，19号是老大，18号老二，我们家老三

本地人

家庭基本情况

家庭成员数目

家庭成员分布

村里/城里

家庭成员分布

成员工作情况

夫妻俩在村里，女儿在杭州当护士，之后会回屯溪，儿子18岁出去打工，现在厂子里做了3年，然后又去了常州在汽修厂工作

夫妻俩在村里，大儿子在太平当建筑工人，小儿子在青岛打工

大儿子在太平开了理发店，结婚了有个儿子。小儿子还没有结婚，在黄山的采配中心

成员工作情况

何时搬至本地

本地人

何时搬至本地

主要经济收入

种茶，家庭年收入4-5万，比较稳定。对体验式种茶活动认为不行，如果有人愿意买茶树倒是欢迎。茶园地块面积小，是以前分的

屋主常年在外工作

收入与支出情况

收入与支出情况主要经济收入

王大姐家里五个人都在村里

收入来源

夫妻俩种茶。没有分到山，所以没有林地，问别人买了3亩茶地。茶叶忙也就是3月份到5月份，春茶150斤，夏茶70斤。今年最多的时候请了3个人，吃我的住我的，还做事很慢，一个人一天要120-130元一天，后来我辞退了2个人。做茶的时候我每天从早上4点一直要做到晚上 9点。一个茶季做下来三个月电费花掉1300元。剩下的时间夫妻俩也打临工，有的村民去外地当保姆

种茶，毛峰，20几斤，大部分地荒在那里

不种茶了。在水库捕野生鱼然后批发出去，然后伐木，竹子。有好几家都做这个

收入来源

跟老二家一样，我们都把茶地给了老大种植。以前分山的时候家里有9口人，现在有15口人，都靠种茶养活不起，所以老二老三家都出门打工。我们是村子里最早出去打工的，20多年前就出去了

乡村建设情况

路太窄了，而且弯太大了，车子不好开进来。医疗不方便，女主人几年前病毒性感冒后来又急性肝炎，去太平医院碰到饭桶医生给开了活血化瘀的药，恶化后到了屯溪532医院重新整顿才得知是严重的急性肝炎

路要拓宽

乡村建设情况

地方小，每家每户挨得近，有点拥挤，但是这样也热闹

没什么想法，家里有小孩，送到太平读书，没地方玩，不知道“ 美好乡村”

水库修建情况

村内方便程度

很方便，自己种菜，用水免费，每天早上9-10点有人送荤菜过来卖

村内方便程度

生活垃圾处理

倒河里，附近有垃圾回收站近期会开始用

扔河里。垃圾站还没有开始用，要用的话也要有人管理，要经常清理，要么垃圾对方在村里容易发丑，还不如丢河里，水一下就冲走了

闲置房屋状况

旁边就是我二叔叔家，一家人搬到了焦村，大儿子当干部，小儿子承包了100多亩地

闲置房屋状况

回村居住意愿

如果经济允许，希望儿女能够回来照顾，或者就近在屯溪，太平工作。这里没有姑娘愿意嫁进来，家家都要在太平买房给儿子，大概30万-40万一套，1520万的首付

儿子不知道想不想回来住，在城里租的房子，大儿子应该要买房，今年外面没有事情可以做，因为外面都不搞建设

回村居住意愿

老公每年春节回来一个月，女儿嫁人了，在太平定居，我们家在太平也买了房子。（应该是给儿子）

打出身就住在这，一直都种茶，黄山景区/太平湖都离这太远，没什么影响，打算继续种茶

生活情况

130

烧掉

扔到河里

用火烧掉

生活垃圾处理

扔掉

垃圾一般丢到河里

131

基本情况

基本情况 19

房屋序号

住宅

房屋功能

1990

2014

优

优（政府危房翻修）

木结构

砖混

家庭成员数目

家庭成员分布

村里

村里/城里

成员工作情况

夫妻俩在村里，66岁了，女儿嫁到合肥去了

何时搬至本地

本地人

房屋功能

住宅

空置房屋

建造时间

1997

房屋质量

优

砖混

材料/建造方法

住宅

建造时间

1997

1996

1989

房屋质量

优

良

砖混

家庭成员数目

村里/城里

家庭成员分布

村里/城里

城里

焦大哥家里村里城里都有，父亲在青岛做建筑工人，妹妹在青岛的饭店上班，我在县城厂里打工。母亲和妻子以及两个双胞胎宝宝待在家里

焦大叔+李大婶待在村里，儿女都在外面打工。女儿在太平做临时工，女婿在青岛当建筑工人。女儿在太平买了套房，方便外孙女上学

成员工作情况

夫妻俩在村里，儿子在太平做木工

夫妻在村里。儿子在太平医院工作，还有一个女儿

本地人

何时搬至本地

本地人

做茶，春茶夏茶一起卖了30004000元

种茶，有1亩茶地，今年卖了 70-80斤，收入1万元左右，最大的产量可以到达110斤。市场竞争大。以前还可以砍树卖木材（杉木），现在国家计划砍伐，都不能砍了。今年竹子也都死光了，毛竹大面积虫灾，政府又不喷药，现在农药统一管理，村民自己也不能喷，药水下放不不来。竹子一般是卖到市场，然后会机械加工做成半成品，以前可以卖到30多块，现在只能卖到10 多块了（单位为百斤）

在城里打工，做茶叶挣不到钱，茶树不多，荒在那儿。小孩也在外面打工

欢迎开发，希望路能拓宽

家庭基本情况

材料/建造方法

家庭基本情况

一家人都在太平打工

收入与支出情况

收入与支出情况主要经济收入

主要经济收入

种茶，毛峰和猴魁都种，3亩茶地，150亩林地。最多的产量是 120-130斤，今年卖的不好，收入大概在1万元左右。养老金是78块钱一个月（一年936元）。男人之前也给人盖房子摔断腿了，今天没有收入

打出身就住在这，一直都种茶，黄山景区/太平湖都离这太远，主要都在外面打工。自己家只种少量茶自己喝，不卖，因为产量少赚不了多少钱

种茶。年收入2万元。政府精准扶贫对象，扶贫原因是缺少劳动力。茶叶自己在焦村做公交车去太平，卖到茶叶市场，竞争压力大，茶叶不值钱。家里做茶叶的机器大约要一万块。春夏两季茶都在收

乡村建设情况

上面拨了款子，下面没办法清除。化粪池马上要开工了

这里人少，不需要什么配套，这里就相当于养老院。村里修路有好处，但是村里的小路主要是村民自己掏钱造的，村里补了点钱。我哥修房“政府危房改造”补贴了一万元

希望旅游开发，改善生活条件。这边因为做水库淹了土地，没有耕地，只能种茶

乡村建设情况

水库修建情况

村内方便程度

收入来源

生活情况

生活垃圾处理

扔河里

扔河里或者在田里烧掉

生活垃圾处理

闲置房屋状况

回村居住意愿

打出身就住在这，一直都种茶，黄山景区/太平湖都离这太远，没什么影响，打算继续种茶

闲置房屋状况

他们家在县里买了地盖了房子，只有过年回来一下

回村居住意愿

希望，村子里环境多好呀，安静。县城里有房子，但觉得县城条件很差，希望欢迎旅游开发，能带动村民致富。希望开个店，开个旅馆

132

收入来源

希望

生存条件不允许

133

基本情况房屋序号

基本情况 26

房屋序号

空置房屋

住宅

空置房屋

1986

优

良

砖混

家庭成员数目

家庭成员分布

房屋功能

住宅

建造时间

1986

房屋功能

住宅

空置房屋

建造时间

48年前

房屋质量

良

木结构

材料/建造方法

木结构

家庭成员数目

村里/城里

家庭成员分布

村里/城里

成员工作情况

夫妻俩在村子，儿女都在外工作，有的在太平工作。两个老人已经不工作在养老了。儿子在区政府当镇长。都读过大学。收入还算可以，比较稳定

夫妻俩在村里。两个女儿都在太平，大女儿工作了，小女儿今年刚参加完高考，爷爷奶奶在太平照顾她们

成员工作情况

夫妻俩在村里。儿子、媳妇和孙女都在太平，开小饭店

何时搬至本地

本地人

何时搬至本地

本地人

不种茶，老人已经没有收入来源，儿子会经常寄点钱给家里，老人身体不好，有气管炎。另外还有养老金，一个月70多元

干部都没人来。道路修得不好

材料/建造方法家庭基本情况

家庭基本情况

收入与支出情况

收入与支出情况主要经济收入收入来源

主要经济收入

家里不做茶叶，有10亩茶地，包给女婿了，一年挣万把块钱。还有200亩林地。自己种点茶自己喝，自己种了7斤

种猴魁茶，以前分山了以后就自己买山种茶，种了三四年。今年收成不多，总共收入2-3万。今年春茶收了200斤，130-140一斤，去年能卖到200元一斤。夏茶100斤，80-90一斤，去年能卖到100元一斤。茶叶价格不好也是因为今年外面打工也不好做了，纷纷回农村种茶。按揭买了个车，方便送茶到太平，也方便接送小孩。

收入来源

茶叶收完后，下半年男人再花半个月时间砍竹子，能卖个40005000块。女人因为有胃病，不能外出屯溪，夏天就在家给茶树打药除草，没有什么经济效益。猴魁的价格今年是110-120元一斤，去年的话能有200元一斤。但是请茶农就要130元一天，有经验的一天能收两斤，没经验的一天只能收一斤，很容易亏本。收茶的季节家里要请4个茶农。前几天翻修了屋顶换了屋瓦，一共花费8000-9000元。一般村里有哪家换房瓦，就喊上村民十四五人，一天可以弄完。

生活情况

生活情况乡村建设情况

对我们没有什么实际意义

乡村建设情况

水库修建情况

村内方便程度

生活垃圾处理

闲置房屋状况

搬走了，不回来啦。在城里有工作，有家庭

希望女儿以后在太平工作，回家方便，希望小女儿读师范以后当老师

回村居住意愿

老人不想去太平。儿子在太平买了房

回村居住意愿

134

儿女都挺希望回来

135

基本情况房屋序号

房屋功能

建造时间

1986

住宅

房屋质量

优

木结构

家庭成员数目

家庭成员分布

村里/城里

城里

成员工作情况

夫妻俩在村里，儿子在上海做珠宝销售，奇瑞露营区生意还不错，屋主姐姐在那边做事

主人长期不在家，住在太平

何时搬至本地

本地人

材料/建造方法家庭基本情况

收入与支出情况主要经济收入

种茶，年收入1万多块

乡村建设情况

“美好乡村”搞原生态，把环境搞好，建垃圾焚烧厂，做美化

水库修建情况

村内方便程度

生活垃圾处理

自己焚烧。“沼气池”几年前就有人搞了，没有管理好，更换东西麻烦，后来就不用了。粪便用来浇菜

闲置房屋状况

大哥的房子，搬到焦村去了。我们家在太平也买了房子

回村居住意愿

儿子看情况，现在外面锻炼一下，如果有好工作肯定愿意回来，有好工作的话也可以从事旅游业服务业等

收入来源

生活情况

136

137