Content

Content

1.0 Introduction ​ 1.1 Project introduction 2.0 Lighting Analysis ​ 2.1 Space A (computer room)

2.11 Space A Daylight Analysis 2.2 Space B (bookstore) 2.21 Space B Daylight Analysis

3.0 Artificial Lighting Analysis 3.1 Space A Artificial Lighting Analysis 3.11 Light Fitting and Space Diagram 3.12 Space A PSALI Scheme 3.2 Space B Artificial Lighting Analysis 3.21 Light Fitting and Space Diagram 3.22 Space B PSALI Scheme

1.0 Introduction Medan Pasar

Figure 1 shows the site plan and the sun path of the site.

The site is a pedestrianised square has contrasting visuals, between modern bank buildings and old art-deco buildings. The modern buildings which are tall would provide shade to the square at the middle of Medan Pasar while the older buildings mostly consist of 3-4 storeys. However, due to the large area of the plaza as well as the surrounded older buildings, the plaza can be scorchingly hot during the morning and the afternoon.

1.1 Project Introduction The site not only consists of such contradicting building styles, the communities that are occupying the site is also very diverged. There are white collar locals and also migrant workers.

The purpose of the library is to act as a platform to integrate among the communities and also provide a space to stop by for the people.

The design of the library is to conceal the activities and the internal spaces, to trigger the interest of the visitor on site towards the library. There are different experiences in a variety of spaces in the library. to cater to different user groups.

Figure 2 shows the overall section of the library and the spaces chosen.

Ground Floor Plan

First Floor Plan

Second Floor Plan

Third Floor Plan

Fourth Floor Plan

2.0 Lighting Analysis Daylight Factor​ is a ratio that represents the amount of illumination available indoors relative to the illumination present outdoors at the same time under overcast skies. It is used in architecture to assess the internal natural lighting levels as perceived on the working plane or surface, in order to determine if there is sufficient natural lighting for the occupants of the space to carry out their normal duties.

Daylight Factor, DF = internal illuminance,E​i /external illuminance, E​o x​ 100% ​

Zone

DF%

Distribution

Very Bright

>6

Large ( including thermal and glare problem

Bright

3-6

Good

Average

1-3

Fair

Dark

0-1

Poor

Luminance level (lux)

Example

120,000

Brightest sunlight

110,000

Bright sunlight

20,000

Shade illuminated by entire clear blue sky, midday

1,000-2,000

Typical overcast day, midday

400

Sunrise/ sunset on clear day (ambient illumination)

<200

Extreme of darkest storm clouds, midday

40

Fully overcast, sunrise/sunset

<1

Extreme of darkest storm cloud, sunrise/sunset

2.1 Space A: Computer Room

First floor plan Figure 3 and 4 shows the overall floor plan of the chosen space.

2.11 Space A Daylight Analysis The computer room is a space for the white collar locals to dwell, and temporary to escape from the reality on site. The reason of choice is that this space is designed to be slightly darker than it is supposed to be. It is located facing the back lane and only has a small opening accessing the view of the back alley.

Therefore, it needs artificial lighting to help to regulate the brightness of the space.

Figure 5 shows section of the space chosen.

Daylighting Calculation Area of the window (m​2​),W

(1.52x2.85) +( 2.22x1.20) = 4.33+2.66 =6.99 (7.0)

Total area of internal surfaces (m​2​), A

(1.76+3.19) x 17.28 + 2(17.28x3.00) + (1.76x3)+ (3.19x3) =85.54 + 103.68 + 5.28 + 9.57 = 204.1

Glass transmittance corrected for dirt, T

0.6

Visible sky angle in degrees from the center of the window

75​o

Average reflectance of area, R

0.5

DF = W/A x (Tθ)/(1-R) = 7/204.1 x (0.6x75)/(1-0.5) = 3.1%

DF = internal illuminance,E​i ​/external illuminance, E​o ​x 100% 3.1 = E​i /​ 20000 x 100% E​i = ​ 620 lux

Light Contour Diagram

Figure 6 shows the light contour diagram of the computer room in daylight condition.

Analysis: The space which is a computer room which supposed to allow natural light to flow in to reduce eye damage while viewing the computer, has a daylight factor of 3.1%. A percentage of 3.1 considered as a bright room, and a natural illuminance of 620 lux which is slightly exceeding the standard requirement in 200 lux due to the large opening facing east. Therefore, frit glass is used for the opening to reduce discomfort glare in that space.

2.2 Space B Daylight Analysis

Fourth floor plan .â&#x20AC;&#x2039;Figure 7 and 8 show the overall floor plan of the chosen space.

2.21 Space B Daylight Analysis The book store aims to be a space for interactions among the communities. Therefore it is supposed to be a bright and cheerful space. The reason of choice is that the bookstore is located on the most top floor and have a lot of glass opening which allows natural lighting.

Figure 9 shows the section of the chosen space.

Daylighting Calculation Area of the window (m​2​),W

(1.8x1.1) + (4.9x4.0) + 3.5x4.0) = 35.98

Total area of internal surfaces (m​2​), A

floor + ceiling : [(5.1+7.1) x 8.3] + [(2.8+1.1) 0x 2.0] Wall : (9.5x4.0)+(5.1x4.0)+(8.6x4.0)+(5.1x4.0)+(5 .1x4.0)+(3.7x4.0) = 101.26+7.8+38+20.4+34.4+20.4+14.4+ 14.8 = 251.5

Glass transmittance corrected for dirt, T

0.6

Visible sky angle in degrees from the center of the window

70​o

Average reflectance of area, R

0.5

DF = W/A x (Tθ)/(1-R) = 35.98/251.5 x (0.6x70)/(1-0.5) = 12%

DF = internal illuminance,E​i /external illuminance, E​o x​ 100% ​ 12 = E​i ​/ 20000 x 100% E​i ​= 2400lux

Dimension of room, m

A: L=8.3 W=6.1 B: L=2.0 W=2.8

Total floor area, mâ&#x20AC;&#x2039;2

50.63+5.6 =56.2

Height of ceiling, m

4.0

Type of light fixture

LED linear suspended direct light

Luminous flux of lighting, lm

5000

Height of lumiere, m

3.85

Work level, m

0.8

Mounting height, m

3.05

Standard illumination required, E

300 (bookstore)

Reflectance factor

Ceiling (white plastered ceiling) = 0.7 Wall (concrete blocks) = 0.5 Floor (cement floor) = 0.1

Room factor, RI (K)

RIâ&#x20AC;&#x2039; =

Utilization factor, UF

0.46

Maintenance factor, MF

0.8 (standard)

Number of fittings required, N

N=

LxW Hm x (L+W) = (8.3x6.1) + (2.0x2.8) 3.05x (8.3+6.1) + (2.0+2.8) = 0.96

ExA F x UF x MF = 300 x 56.2 5000 x 0.46 x 0.8 = 9.16 ( 9 bulbs )

Maximum horizontal spacing between fittings, Smax (filament lamps)

Fitting layout

Sm = 1.0 x Hm = 1.0 x 3.05 = 3.05m

Fitting required along 8.3m wall 8.3 / 3.05 (m) = 2-3rows Spacing required for 8.3m wall, Smax= 3.05m First spacing to be ½ (3.05) = 1.5m Spacing required for 6.1m Spacing, R = 6.1/3 = 2.0 m First spacing to be ½ (2.0) = 1.0 m

Light Contour Diagram

Figure 10 shows the light contour diagram of the book store in daylight condition.

Analysis: The space is a bookstore which located at the most top floor has a daylight factor of 12%, and a natural illuminance of 2400 lux which is considered as very bright, that is possible to bring glare problem to the users in the space. However, with the help of artificial light during the evening would enhance the ambience of the space to the users.

3.0 Artificial Lighting Analysis Lumen Method Lumen method​ is the quantity of light (illuminance, lux) reaching a certain surface, which is a main consideration in designing lighting system. To determine the number of lamps that should be installed for a given area or room, ​which can be calculated by,

N=

Where, -

ExA F x UF x MF

N= number of lamps required E= illuminance level required (lux) A= area at working plane height (m​2​) F= average luminous flux from each lamp (lm) UF= an allowance for the light distribution of the luminaire and the room surfaces MF= an allowance for reduced light output because of deterioration and dirt

Room Index is the ratio of room plan area to half wall area between working and luminaire planes, which can be calculated by,

Room index, RI =

LxW Hm x (L+W)

Where, - L = length - W = width Hm = mounted height of fitting above the working plane

3.1 Space A Artificial Lighting Analysis

Types of lamps to be used Types of fixture

LED recessed round light

Image of fixture

Product dimension

210 mm

Type of luminous

Warm white

Luminous flux (lm)

2000

Power (W)

29

Colour Temperature (K)

3000

Colour Rendering Index

97

Average life rate (hours)

50000

Dimension of room, m

L=17.28 W= (1.76+3.19)/2= 2.48

Total floor area, mâ&#x20AC;&#x2039;2

42.8

Height of ceiling, m

3.00

Type of light fixture

LED recessed circular light

Luminous flux of lighting, lm

2000

Height of lumiere, m

3.00

Work level, m

0.75

Mounting height, m

2.25

Standard illumination required, E

400 (computer rooms)

Reflectance factor

Ceiling (white plastered ceiling) = 0.7 Wall (concrete blocks) = 0.5 Floor (cement floor) = 0.1

Room factor, RI (K)

RIâ&#x20AC;&#x2039; =

Utilization factor, UF

0.46

Maintenance factor, MF

0.8 (standard)

Number of fittings required, N

N=

LxW Hm x (L+W) = (17.28x2.48) 2.25x (17.28+2.48) = 0.96

ExA F x UF x MF = 400 x 42.8 2000 x 0.46 x 0.8 = 23.3 ( 24 bulbs )

Maximum horizontal spacing between fittings, Smax (filament lamps)

Fitting layout

Sm = 1.0 x Hm = 1.0 x 2.25 = 2.25m

Fitting required along 8.3m wall 17.3/2.25 (m) = 7 - 8rows Spacing required for 8.3m wall, Smax= 2.25m First spacing to be ½ (2.25) = 1.125m Spacing required for 2.48m Spacing, R = 2.48/7 = 0.35 m First spacing to be ½ (0.35) = 0.175 m

3.11 Light Fitting and Space Diagram

Figure 11 and 12 show the light fitting proposal and the light contour diagram of the artificial lighting in the computer room.

3.12 Space A PSALI Scheme

Figure 13 and 14 show the light fitting proposal and the light contour diagram of the artificial lighting in the bookstore according to PSALI scheme.

Space A PSALI Scheme (Section Diagram) Morning:

Night:

Figure 15 and 16 show the section diagram of the light fitting according to PSALI scheme.

Analysis: There are 20 fittings in this space in order to achieve 400 lux according to the standard illuminance. The lights are separated into 3 switches. During the day, only switch C is turned on where that area of interior is not reachable by daylight. However during the night, when there are no source of daylight, all the lights are switched on in order to achieve sufficient lighting for the space.

3.2 Space B Artificial Lighting Analysis

Types of lamps to be used Types of fixture

LED linear suspended direct light

Image of fixture

Product dimension

(150 x 1500) mm

Type of luminous

Cool white

Luminous flux (lm)

5000

Power (W)

35

Colour Temperature (K)

6000

Colour Rendering Index

82

Average life rate (hours)

70000

Dimension of room, m

A: L=8.3 W=6.1 B: L=2.0 W=2.8

Total floor area, mâ&#x20AC;&#x2039;2

50.63+5.6 =56.2

Height of ceiling, m

4.0

Type of light fixture

LED linear suspended direct light

Luminous flux of lighting, lm

5000

Height of lumiere, m

3.85

Work level, m

0.8

Mounting height, m

3.05

Standard illumination required, E

300 (bookstore)

Reflectance factor

Ceiling (white plastered ceiling) = 0.7 Wall (concrete blocks) = 0.5 Floor (cement floor) = 0.1

Room factor, RI (K)

RIâ&#x20AC;&#x2039; =

Utilization factor, UF

0.46

Maintenance factor, MF

0.8 (standard)

Number of fittings required, N

N=

LxW Hm x (L+W) = (8.3x6.1) + (2.0x2.8) 3.05x (8.3+6.1) + (2.0+2.8) = 0.96

ExA F x UF x MF = 300 x 56.2 5000 x 0.46 x 0.8 = 9.16 ( 9 bulbs )

Maximum horizontal spacing between fittings, Smax (filament lamps)

Fitting layout

Sm = 1.0 x Hm = 1.0 x 3.05 = 3.05m

Fitting required along 8.3m wall 8.3 / 3.05 (m) = 2-3rows Spacing required for 8.3m wall, Smax= 3.05m First spacing to be ½ (3.05) = 1.5m Spacing required for 6.1m Spacing, R = 6.1/3 = 2.0 m First spacing to be ½ (2.0) = 1.0 m

3.21 Light Fitting and Space Diagram

Figure 17 and 18 show the light fitting proposal and the light contour diagram of the artificial lighting in the bookstore.

3.22 Space B PSALI Scheme

Figure 19 and 20 show the light fitting proposal and the light contour diagram of the artificial lighting in the bookstore according to PSALI scheme.

Space B PSALI Scheme (Section Diagram) Morning:

Night:

Figure 21 and 22 show the section diagram of the light fitting according to PSALI scheme.

Analysis: There are a total of 9 fittings in this space in order to achieve 300 lux according to the standard illuminance. The lights are separated into 3 switches, A,B and C. During the day, only switch C is turned on where that area of interior is not reachable by daylight. However during the night, when there are no source of daylight, all the lights are switched on in order to achieve sufficient lighting for the space.