PLANNING A NEW AUCKLAND CITY LEARNING FROM CHINA
Wellington, New Zealand 14-15 May 2018
Xinxin Wang and Matthew Bradbury Unitec Institute of Technology
AUCKLAND POSSIBILITIES
THE NEW AUCKLAND
NEW CITIES IN CHINA
Aerotropolis or high-speed rail new town?
Qingdao as an example
Toy (1977) explored a ‘Water City’ concept - a decentralised urban pattern around the perimeters of Manukau Harbour. Bradbury and Bogunovich (2014) proposed a linear spatial form 100 km long and roughly 15-25km wide along State Highway One (SH1). Infrastructure New Zealand (2017, October) is working on a satellite city plan that could concentrate its limited budget rather than spreading the money across a large proportion of metropolitan Auckland.
1904-1970s Old City
WATER CITY 1987 Industrial City
This research marries the “Water city” concept and New City idea, and applies these to the unique geography of Manukau Harbour Area. Rather than a satellite city, this study explores the potential for an independent new city An Aerotropolis - on the Manukau Harbour. - The Aerotropolis will use Auckland Airport as a new commercial centre, and create jobs and homes for over one million people. The new city will connect to the airport through ferry, rail and motorways. - The Aerotropolis could be an opportunity to achieve an affordable, innovative, productive, sustainable and resilent new Auckland. - A planned high-speed rail will also generate new city opportunities along the railway stations.
High-tech New City 1992 East New City
LINEAR CITY
Aerotropolis
The old Auckland City was founded on the Waitemata Harbour. The new city will embrace the Manukau Harbour to make a new water city.
TYPES AND BENEFITS OF NEW CITY New cities in China are usually driven by economy and supported by massive transport investment. According to the dominant function, new cities can be categorised into eight types: New CBD; Industial City; Aerotroplis; High-speed rail City; Sport City; High-tech City; University City; knowledge-city. Compared to redeveloping, building new cities can - Protect traditional city from redevelopment; - Reduce cost through large-scale construction; - Provid more housing and jobs for fast growing economy
Auckland is facing rapid urban growth according to the estimated population increase about one million by 2040. However, the current planning solution that based mainly on the intensification of existing urban areas could generate greater pressure on already outdated infrastructure systems. How Auckland’s development can be made economically efficient and politically deliverable will be the key question to planners in the 21st century. Not only traditional ways of urbanism thinking will be needed for the population change, but also alternative models of development needed to shape new cities
PROPOSED HIGHSPEED RAILWAY
CBD
OLD CITY
Office/ Hotel
Residential
New CBD
high density
FIRST NEW CITY
Sub-Centre
2012 West New City 2017 Airport New City (Aerotropolis)
COMPARISON OF URBAN TRANSECTS
Residential Heritage
2010 North New City High-tech City
Residential high density
Rural
Time (not to scale)
SECOND NEW CITY
A typical urban transect in Chinese cities Xinxin Wang Lecturer | Architecture Pathway Group | UNITEC Email: xwang3@unitec.ac.nz Mob: +64 22 052 1996 CBD
Office/ Residential Workshop high density
Retail
Residential
medium density
Residential low density
Rural
A typical urban transect in Auckland
and new towns. This presentation aims to explore alternative ways of Auckland regional development. The authors will firstly investigate existing problems and future challenges in Auckland development, and examine limitations within current plan thinking. Then the authors will introduce successful new town development models in China during the last 40 years, including infrastructure-oriented model, CBD-driven model, high-tech industrial parks and university towns. Not only theories and techniques will be reviewed, but also practices of new town planning and implementation will be demonstrat-
ed. Reflecting back to Auckland urban problems, the authors will discuss how these theories, techniques and practices could apply to the inter-regional development of Auckland and its surrounding areas. One of the possible ways of building new towns would be using infrastructure to drive the planning of Northland, Auckland and Waikato regions. The authors propose a new rail system from Whangarei to Auckland to connect existing and planned ports, airports and public transport systems. Locations and settlement patterns for new towns will also be explored along the transport nods
Matthew Bradbury Associate Professor | Architecture Pathway Group | UNITEC Email: mbradbury@unitec.ac.nz Mob: +64 21 424 775
in Auckland periphery where lands are relatively cheaper . The primary findings suggest that building new towns along the proposed railway in Auckland periphery can not only accommodate the changing population with less economic cost, but also provide more employment opportunities for local communities and promote sustainable economic return in long-term development.