ARCHITECTURE PORTFOLIO Application for the Designer of Heatherwick Studio Selected Works from 2016-2022 NAME: Xueyang Miao EMAIL: miaoxueyang1998@gmail.com PHONE: +44 (0)7536345755
CONTENTS Projects 01 Thermaldynamic Wetland Museum in Chongming Island
01
02 Urban Renewal of La Defense through the view of Supply Chain
08
03 Urban Regeneration of Hongkou Riverside Historic District
17
04 Mini-Dwelling for a 3-Generation Family
23
Academic group work, 1/3/2020-22/6/2020
Academic group work, 1/10/2021-1/9/2022 (estimated)
Academic individual work, 1/9/2019-25/12/2019
Academic individual work, 8/9/2018-15/11/2018
Other Work The Diagramming of Helou Xuan
29
01 There is also thermal balance in the unairconditioned room.
THERMALDYNAMIC WETLAND MUSEUM IN CHONGMING ISLAND OF SHANGHAI, CHINA The most recent project; Academic group work (only during the research phase); Responsible for design and test of prototypes; Carried out in Tongji University; 1/3/2020-22/6/2020; Tutored by Prof. LI Linxue; Email address: lilinxue@tongji.edu.cn
wetland
Thermaldynamics has gradually become the focus of attention in the architectural field. With the rising global energy crisis and climate issues, it is urgent to explore a sustainable architectural system model. The project aims to find out a thermaldynamic prototype in the environment of Shanghai. The final target is to transform the thermaldynamic prototype into an architectural form and design a medium-scale wetland museum.
migrant birds
01
N
Site situation
N
The site lies in Chen Town in Chongming island, Shanghai. It is far from the city centre with a distance of 1-hour driving, and the population is half of that in the city center. Wetland is its biggest feature, and the project will be set on one of the wetlands in Chen Town.
E Wind
Temperature 40 ℃
the best indoor temperature 35
Air-conditioning
Reasons for wetland destruction
30
26%
26
20
CO2
10 0 3 JanFeb
5 June July Aug
Nov Dec
current temperature adjusting method
Greenhouse effect Cultivation Overuse Sedimentation Others
Monthly wind direction The north-west wind is the main one in winter.
January The south-east wind is the main one in summer.
July
Advantage of the wind
OFF
Cool air comes in...... Wetland
Migrant Birds
It provides adequate water and green resources and creates an ecosystem.
Birds breed here from November to Febuary every year.
......brings thermal out
Wind is the potential resource to be used to lower the temperature of the room, having much less impact on the environment than the air conditioner.
02
Document Research and Prototype Gereration
03
Alternative
Light test
remove
add or remove
Removing the wall of the channel to add more interstices to see the change on air flow.
Adding or removing the walls to adjust the direction of the interstice to see how air flow changes. light test wind test
More sunshine in the morning and in the afternoon.
Less sunshine in the morning and in the afternoon.
Wind test
Plan
Section Larger storage, more buffer zone is formed by air flow.
4 times
top Chimney
Ratio
Channel
minify The small top chimney is the best form of promoting the indoor thermal out.
9 times v=1m/s
bottom
v=1.5m/s
1 channel
v=1.2m/s
2 channels
t/b=1:4
v=0.6m/s
t/b=1:9
v=0.8m/s
It is easier to emit thermal when the propotion of top and bottom is about 1:4.
More channels, the lower speed of the air coming into the storage.
3 channels More interstices do not help more wind come into the storage.
2 interstices Chimney Interstice
Direction
A longer channel can slow down the speed of the wind.
v=1.8m/s
Interstice
Number
A huger storage is suitable for rooms demanding a stable thermal condition.
stretch
Conclusion
Less sunshine in the morning but more sunshine in the afternoon.
2 interstices v=1.7m/s
1 chimney
expand
16:00
More sunshine in the morning but less sunshine in the afternoon.
t/b=4:1
enlarge A large top chimney can be used in the rooms that need more sunshine.
15:00
Storage
Final choice of prototypes
14:00
Small top
stretch Increasing the length of the channel to see the change on air flow in it.
Ratio
increase Setting more chinmeys to see the impact on the ventilation.
13:00
Big top
expand Changing the size of the storage to see the change of the air flow inside.
11:00
Turn to west
minify Making the top of the chimney smaller to test the change of sunshine and ventilation inside.
10:00
Turn to east
enlarge Enlarging the top of the chimney to test the change of sunshine and ventilation inside.
Direction
rotate Changing the direction of the chimney to find the best angle of letting the sunshine in.
9:00
v=1.6m/s
2 chimneys
v=1.6m/s
The air speed in each chimney is almost the same.
3 chimneys The first and second ones make the air come into the storage easier.
04
Form Generation and Aerial view 1.
3m
3m 21m²
3m
3.6m
Covering the site with 2 layers of hexagon grids. Each hexagon grid is made by several hexagonal prisms like above.
2.
north-west wind
The south-east mass is designed multi-step to welcome the warm south-east wind, and the north-west mass is designed entired to block the cold north-west wind. river south-east wind
3.
pool
south-east wind
north-west wind
The southern mass is devided into 4 smaller ones to let more wind inside. An eco pool is designed in the middle of the mass to adjust the temperature.
south-east wind
4.
Thermal output Function
bar shop display lab
Aerial View People come to the museum from the north-west. Thermal chimneys, birdwatching terraces, and inner eco-ponds are its biggest features.
lobby
Area
More space can share more thermal. There are 3 kinds of thermal output conditions, so 3 sizes of rooms are designed.
5.
Thermal perference Less heat More light
The chimney’s form is different according to the thermal perference. The small top helps to let out heat while the large top can let in more light.
Birdwathcing terrace Migratory birds often appear in wetlands, and the terrace is for observing them.
Eco-pond Q=cm(t-t0). The specific heat capacity of water is high, so an eco-pond can absorb thermal in hot days and let out thermal in cold days.
05
06
Surface Strategy--Double Glazing
Outer surface components
Structure 1. Straw frame Straw is a common material produced in wetland.
300
30°
2. Wind board It controls the amount of air coming into the room.
Construction layer
M12 bolt It connects the outer and inner surfaces.
3. Low-E glass It can reduce the thermal losses of the room.
Hinge 6350
It limits the wind board’s open angle.
Inner Surface Components
Air layer
4. Ventilation louver It can reduce the wind speed.
Summer strategy The heated air is lighter than the cool one, so it can goes out through the top ventilation hole.
The cool air takes away the indoor thermal.
Cool air comes in from the bottom.
Winter strategy sunshine
The heated air comes into the room.
The air is heated by the sunshine in the air layer. The cold air goes out through the bottom louver. 07
02 Urban Renewal of La Defense through the view of Supply Chain PARIS, FRANCE Academic group work; Responsible for the architectural design, environment design and programming; Carried out in University College London; 01/10/2021-01/09/2022 (estimated); Tutored by Prof. Phillipe Morel, Julian Besems; Email address: p.morel@ucl.ac.uk La Defense is a great CBD in Paris. By removing the local production in the 1960s, lots of high-rises for office have been built. However, as more people choose the remote work, office in La Defense is faced with high vacancy rate, and the removal of urban activities is making the CBD lose vitality. The project intends to renew the supply chain to connect the urban life and rural life. Generating by programming is one of its unique methods.
08
-40%
20
4,500,000 4,000,000 3,500,000 3,000,000 2,500,000 2,000,000 1,500,000 1,000,000 500,000 0
10 average Current Problems and10-year Proposal
015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
0
The Development of La Defense and Supply Chain
ke-up(2010/2019)
42% in 2020, with barely 1.38 million sq m of office egion. r average, is the worst in the last 20 years. This c and theFirst lack of visibility the health and economic Masterplan Firston Skyscraper La Dalle Les Quatre Temps
New Transports
Remove of Farm
2008 2009 2010 2011
Immediate supply (sq m) Grande Arche
New Plan
AWP Masterplan
1989
2006
2012
st lockdown, and remain focused on preventing health 1958 1966 1970 1981 g and implementing a real estate strategy. Urban Production
9 6.5 % 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 7.7 %
Remote Production Spread Warehouse
Multiple-Steps in Supplying
New ways of working
Flex office Boom
EFFECTSO N OFFICE PROPERTY
The Proportion of Functions and the Vacancy Rate of Office of La Defense Office
Commerce
Restaurant
Residence
Education
90%
100 90 80 70
2,000,000
Existing area: 3343200㎡ Occupancy rate: 68.24%
54%
561000㎡ 11.45%
234100㎡ 4.78%
685100㎡ 13.99%
75900㎡ 1.55%
60 50
1,500,000
40
1,000,000 500,000
0
30 20
OFFICE S
10
Ones izef itsall, or nobody ?
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
60%
70%
80%
90%
Take-up(m²)
100%
-40% 10% 10-year average
REMOTE
9 6.5 % 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 7.7 %
2008 2009 2010 2011
Immediate supply (sq m)
Surroundings accessibility
Search for Savings
Proposal: A new food supply chain system Reduction？ Well-being Priority givrn to that links the rural and urban living patterns Merging？ At work Well served districts
More choices
offered to employees Workplace as a service
Local co-working/café or branch working
Working from hom
The change of vacancy rate in Great Paris 4,500,000 4,000,000 3,500,000 3,000,000 2,500,000 2,000,000 1,500,000 1,000,000 500,000 0
Attraction Of talent/CSR
0
Vacancy rate
Available areas
Covid-19
WORKING
Number of deals > 5,000m²
3,571,890
50%
Implementation of grand paris
Take up of office
Take up change in the Great Paris Region 3,000,000 2,500,000
78%
Uncertain conditions
The increase of high-rises for offices took away the urban events from people, and the removal of urban production increased the steps in supplying, leading to the segmentation of rural and urban environments.
45%
65%
End 2020
2022
La Defense was highrises producing areas EFFECTSO N were built while the original More flrxibility 48%tranferred from a farming area to a CBD area in recent 60 years. New were moved to environments far from city, and the development of transportationsCOMPANY also influenced this trend. Productivity DEMAND
89%
4.1%
Vacancy rate in Inner Paris
Greater Paris vacancy rate
UNDERLYING TRENDS
*(2021-2023), as a%
End 2020
FUTURE What will be the impact of COVID-19 on the future workplace and real estate strategy? Delivery
Digitalisation rise of tech
eater Paris Region
Greater Paris Region
3,571,890
30
6.5% in Great Paris end 2020
Greater Paris vacancy rate
Office takes a large porportion in the funcitons of La Defense. However, the vacancy rate of office is increasing now and lots of offices are not being used, and this situation causes the waste of space usage.
Meeting or education centre
Innovation or client/community engagement hub
Local or regional office
The vacant of office cause spatial waste, and it reduces the vivid of urban environment. These space can be reused as new functions that offer more choices to people.
09
Steps of Generation
Transportation Routes
The generation of the new supply chain is decided by re-planning the transporting routes and buildings' function distribution, and designing the new outdoor environment and indoor space.
Generation of the first-level warehouses (regional warehouses)
Resource Efficiency
New Food Supply Chain
Outdoor walking pavements
Generate new type of space inside the buildings
New type of space (void space)
Distribute the indoor farming space for each species
Design the form of each type of space
Functional Space
Redistribute the function of buildings
Indoor Space
Distribute the functions in the indoor public space
Human Habitat
Position and form of the second-level warehouses (building warehouses)
Outdoor Environment
Design the outdoor urban farms
Let the farm automatically spread
Generate the functional spaces related to the farms
10
The 'Regional-Building' Warehouse System--New Resource Transportation Routes Goods are transported from the regional warehouse to the building warehouse. Warehouses that in the same level can exchange goods to maintain the mobility of resources, so the system can prevent lack or surplus of resource and thus the waste can be reduced. underground station
Pavements 1F
pedestrian
route high-consumption
Buildings 0F
The orginal main road
low-consumption
New road
Public space
Pedsim algorithm is used here to simulate people's moving routes. People tend to go to areas with high consumption. Routes with darker red mean more people traveled, so this route type is kept, and the lighter ones are removed. Then the new pavements are generated.
Traffic Road -1F
Building Warehouse -2F
Regional Warehouse -3F
Buildings are paved with circles with a diameter of 50m, and the centers of these circles are the locations of the building warehouses.
Connect the center of the building warehouse with the delaunay triangulation algorithm, and the routes themselves are the storage space.
Materials and commodities will be collected and sorted by the regional warehouse, and then distributed to the building warehouse.
The centres become the regional warehouses, and Delaunay triangulation algorithm is used here to calculate the shortest total length of the lines.
The blue dots represent the location of the regional warehouse, and the blue line segment represents the network of freight routes between the regional warehouses.
200m
Regional warehouse
K-means is used here to cluster the buildings. The radius is about 200m when cluster=14. This scale enables buildings in the same cluster transport goods to each other immediately
Transport pipeline
11
Building Form & Void Generating by 3D Cellular Automata Steps for Generation Preserved buildings
1 . Pu t t i n g t h e n e w ro a d routes on the ground. Grand e Arc he and C NIT are historic buildings and they will keep their original appearance.
2.New roads cut the buildings and form the initial state of the generations.
3.Buildings are re-arranged into 14 new clusters according to the K-Means result when forming regional warehouses.
4.The 3D-CA is run in each cluster seperately, and a stable function distribution pattern can be gotten after several generations of running.
Method: 3D Cellular Automata (3D-CA) Office, residence, commerce, restaurant and education are the 5 main types of functions in La Defense. The 3D-CA algorithm is used here to regenerate the function distribution and to generate new spaces inside buildings, which are called 'void space'. By running for 12 times, the new function distribution will reach to a stable result. Transforming Rules
Result after 12 Generations
generation=1
generation=3
generation=2
void space in buildings
generation=12
office
residence
commerce
restaurant
education
void
12
Indoor Space--Details and Forms of the Void Space Style of different functions
Indoor function and farm generation
Function in void space Resting Space
Selling Space
Entertainment Space
Eating Space
Lettuce Area
Carrot Area
Potato Area
Mushroom Area
Onion Area
Tomato Area
restaurant
commerce
Building
Void Space
residence
Farm in void space office
education
Farm Space
Functional Space 13
Outdoor Environment--Changeable Farms Automatic Farm Distribution by K-means Urban production is brought into La Defense to bring events to the people, tiding urban and rural environments together. 8 common species are chosen, and the farming areas are generated by computer, based on the suitable growing scope every month for each species. The scope area is decided by sunshine and wind analyse. Here is an example of April. Suitable growing areas in April
potato walnut
potato
wheat
broccoli
corn
walnut
apple
lettuce
pear
plant
Intersection of the growing scopes
Divide the scope into farms by K-means
mature
plant
wheat mature
apple
plant
mature
plant
broccoli mature
lettuce
plant
mature
plant
corn
mature
pear
plant
mature
plant
mature
The Change of Farm Pattern in One Year
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
June
July
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
14
Generating Outdoor Functions by Cellular Automata 1
Transformation among plaza, farm and function
plaza
farm
function farm<4 Return ‘plaza’
2
farm>=4 Return ‘function’
Transformation between function and plaza
function
plaza function<=6 Return ‘function’
function
function>6 Return ‘plaza’
1. In a cluster, if typeA+B+C+D>50% cluster, the rest function area will be applied with one function, else two. 2. If there are more typeA or typeB in the cluster, the function will be applied with C or D type. Vice versa.
Type-A
Type-B
Type-C
Type-D
Type-A&B
Type-C&D
farm 15
Outdoor farming
Indoor farming
Roof farming
Indoor transportation pipe
'Regional-Building' Warehouse System
Final Output 16
03 URBAN REGENERATION OF HONGKOU RIVERSIDE HISTORIC DISTRICT IN NORTH BUND, SHANGHAI, CHINA Academic individual work; Carried out in Tongji University; 1/9/2019-25/12/2019; Tutored by Prof. ZHANG Fan and Prof. CAI Yongjie; Email address: zzffjean@163.com/cyj@tongji.edu.cn It is an urban design project in Hongkou Habour. The historic terraced houses are still being used now and it is the only small-scale waterfront space in the downtown. However, the poor infrastructure and the worsen environment make the place become backward and isolated.How to maintain the characteristics of the site and revive the decaying district are the two purposes of this project.
17 02
Location Analysis and Current Problems
adults elderly children 86%
The site is located in the North Bund in Shanghai, China. Though it is near the river, the ruined factories occupy the riverside so people can’t get accessed to it. The historic residence is the main feature of the site and it is relatively closed due to the design. The project this time aims to improve the accessbility among all the blocks and to make the riverside a more active area.
function& age profile
lane house modern house factory office hotel commercial
An average aged person’s walking speed is 0.8m/s. The width of the road is about 15m. t=s/v=18.75s So the aged people has 18.75 seconds to cross the street without disturbance.
15s to change from green to red
environment
road green public lawn (3.5% of the site) river weed
sidewalk traffic
road accessibility
green water
high wall
isolation
pedestrians
exterior sidewalk interior sidewalk Dead end(23%)
big obstacle
huge mass
view interference
We are trapped here!
22% of the exterior sidewalks are with vehicles
moterway
moterway
First barrier Closed houses
Second barrier Heavy traffic
Third barrier High-rises
site
pedestrian-vehicle confliction
with vehicles pedestrian-friendly 18
Strategy Distribution element
9 strategies are made according to people’s demand and other 3 elements. By using these strategies, people are more accessible to the riverside. Besides, as there are less dead ends in the historic residence, the residents can move directly to where they want to be, and thus enhance the communication between them. Safety
N/A
N/A
Set footbridge design a footbridge to connect the blocks
Greenery
N/A
Make green land grow plants to make a land become urban green
Blue structure
4 new people-only roads
dead end rate: 23%
3%
number of turns: 2
0
public lawn rate: 3.5%
18%
Make boulevard grow plants at the sides of a single road
Shortcut
Adjust road net
Make waterfront plaza
redesign the road net to lower the number of turns
demolish the buildings or open up a land
Lower high dams remove the unnecessary dams
Knock through dead ends
Demolish
Remove obstacles
remove the walls to create entrances or exits
demolish the abandoned buildings to leave space
remove the obstacles that block the eyesight
Accessibility
Open space
View demand
19
Vision
I don’t need to cross the street hurrily now
A new viewing point.
Let’s take a selfie!
There is place to jog now.
Less pedestrians on the street is also a good news for me.
We can finally see the river scene.
The Waterfront Plaza Changes have been made on the riverbank, and now it has become an area to connect the people with the river.
The Footbridge People can go across the street without concerns on the traffic now with the help of the skybridge.
20
Function Distribution and Spot Feature om le fr
e offic
p Peo
The changes made on the project reflect not only on the form and the status, but also on the social, behaviour’s and environmental dimensions. om le fr
e enc
d resi
00
±0.0
p Peo
00 -3.3 0 0 -4.3
14m
10m
WATERSIDE TERRACE It connects the blocks and becomes a rest place for people from both sides.
COMMUNITY YARD It creates grennery to the alley and also becomes a place for the residence gathering together.
FOOTBRIDGE It connects the blocks as well as becomes a point to appreciate the historic buildings.
REED It is a scenery, and it also absorbs harmful substances from the river. Na+
K+
P+
21
The Events Variation CONNECTION IMPROVEMENT
HABITATION IMPROVEMENT
Scene 3 Foorbridge crossing the street/sightseeing Scene 4 Waterfront plaza exercising/relaxing/meeting
SPACE CONTRUCTION
Scene 2 Community square exercising/chatting/appliance reparing
Scene 5 River view plaza relaxing/meeting/viewing
Scene 1 Riverside platform shopping/performing/sightseeing
The project inspires the activity potential of the site. People have more destination choices than before. The physical and social boundaries of different blocks are removed and people are easier to gather thogether.
RIVERSIDE UTILIZATION
N adults elderly children
22
04 MINI-DWELLING DESIGN FOR A 3-GENERATION FAMILY SHANGHAI, CHINA 6m
Academic individual work; Carried out in Tongji University; 8/9/2018-15/11/2018; tutored by Prof. LI Xingwu; Email address: zzffjean@163.com
16m
Can we still live a comfortable life in such a mini house?
The site is located in a Shanghai old-style lane, with only about 96m2. However, it is still possible for a 3-generation family to live a cozy and comfortable life here, and the project tries to fulfil this. Besides, the project also tries to enhance the connection between every generation through several ways.
23
Site Information and Current Problems ng
di Wu
Rd.
uR zho Jiao
Zhishan Community Area: 5293m2 Building density: 74%
d.
SITE gR pin d.
20 0m
. Rd
60 40
FATHER(40) is a white collar. He goes to work very early in the morning and sometimes comes back late at night.
We want to see my mum!
MOTHER(36) is a college teacher, and she spends most time working at home. She has to work as well as to look after the whole family at day time.
How can we take care of our kids at any time?
Both of the CHILDREN(3) are boys and need to be looked after. Though they play and study at home currently, they have to go to school in the future.
n Ya
zha
Xin
Clients Information and their Wish
100 80
We want to know how our kids are.
The GRANDPARENTS(65) have retired. They like doing exercises and chatting with neighbors. demand
The site is located at a Shanghai old-style lane, with an area of only 6.4m*16m. There is no place to do outdoor activities due to the high density community. The clients’ aim is to build a 3-floor dwelling here, and they also want to have enough open space.
The narrow lane causes the problem of sunshine.
The courtyard of the house is crowded with items.
Noice could be made at night when going on the wooden stair.
The family can only gather together in 4 time periods, and they are isolated in most time. As mother has to look after the children and the edlerly at daytime, it’s important for the family members to be aware of each other.
timetable 24
Design Generation
Interaction Strategies
eyesight
voice
smoke
waterdrop
Direct feeling
An exterior stair makes dad leave home without disturbance.
The family members can see each other directly or through windows.
Children playing on the platform can see where their mum is.
The courtyard creates a conversation area.
Indirect feeling The bedrooms are set on the south side to gain adequate sunshine. The stair-like shape is to follow the shape of the house nearby.
The south boundary retreats to form a courtyard. Main rooms are moved to the west so that platforms appear in the east.
The parents can see how their children sleep when they are doing exercises in the afternoon.
The voice of opening the door let mum know it’s time to pick up the children.
When the children see the smoke from the chimney, they know it is time for a meal.
The water from the clothes makes the children know their mum or grandma is upstairs.
Children can run freely among all the floors. The bamboos in the patio bring the nature indoors.
The low space with a small hole creates is prepared for the children to look at the street. 25
Feeling of nature Shed roof is used to make the project fit the form of other terraced houses. The lean wall on the south will get more sunshine. More room is moved to the west and a straight platform appears.
A patio is designed as it is the character of the houses in a Shanghai old-style lane.A building shell is designed to make the platform private.
The light from the parents’ bedroom becomes a night light for the children.
The platform offers an area of watching the rain.
Plan and Elevation Ground floor plan
First floor plan
Second floor plan
Third floor plan
1. Living room 2. Dining room 3. Kitchen 4. Courtyard 5. Bathroom
1. Parents’ study 2. Grandparents’ study 3. Parents’ bedroom 4. Grandparents’ bedroom 5. Balcony
6. Bathroom 7. Children’s study 8. Children’s bedroom 9. Outdoor platform 10. Activity room
N
1 0m
3 2
5 4
East elevation
N
1 0m
3 2
1
5 4
0m
3 2
5 4
26
The Daily Life of the Family
8:00 10:00 11:30 15:30 16:30 20:30
Parents
Children
Grandparents
Different color stands for different time 27
Spiral running route for children
Life scenes in the dwelling Children Children have have an an instinct instinct totorun runup up and and down, down, so aa special special route route is is designed designed for runrun around the forthem themto to around house. It creates a new kind the house. It creates a new indoor entertainment. ofkind of indoor entertainment.
running route stairs
stair corner
28
Form
Surveying
Pro. Jizhong Feng
Other Work THE DIAGRAMMING OF HELOU XUAN Plan
Structure
6/1/2020-18/2/2020; Published in CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE, 2020(11)
Perspective Section
The joint of the columns
Exploded view of the structure
Section
Helou Xuan is a bamboo-structured tea pavilion built in the 1980s, which is designed by Prof. FENG Jizhong, one of Chinese poineer modern architects. The whole research was described by diagrams and discovered the change of the structure in the recent 30 years. It has been published in CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE.
29