Climate Control News Feb 2018

The rising popularity of low charge ammonia FEBRUARY 2018 AREMA turns 50 Flammability myth

Climate Control News

Indoor Air Quality Leak detection tips

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Contents

Rise of low charge NH3 systems

34

18

February 2018

New centre

08

ebm-papst ANZ officially opens its new Centre of Excellence in Melbourne this month.

Contract updates

This report examines recent changes to HVACR business contracts.

ARBS 2018

14

16

ARBS Exhibition chair, Ian Hopkins, previews the three-day event which celebrates its 20th year in 2018.

Mild flammability

17

HyChill Australia general manager, Mario Balen, explains why the term mild flammability is about as logical as a mild pregnancy.

Green future

20

Green Star certified building space has almost doubled in the past two years, up 93 per cent from the end of 2015.

This month IAQ Feature

18 The rising popularity of low charge ammonia FEBRUARY 2018 AREMA turns 50

21

This 14-page feature examines the latest IEQ trends with a special focus on case studies and new product releases.

Smart Labs

22

VOC buildup

30

Flammability myth

Climate Control News

Indoor Air Quality Leak detection tips

www.climatecontrolnews.com.au

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Climate Control News

In the News

Central low charge NH3 systems are not only replacing HFC based systems, they are challenging conventional liquid overfeed systems. This feature examines the factors in favour of low charge NH3 that go beyond energy efficiency and safety.

Drama-free workdays

Researchers have created Smart Labs to reduce energy use and ensure air quality adheres to strict safety standards.

How much ventilation is necessary to avoid a buildup of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)?

Leak detection

40

Safety report

42

Leak detections systems are necessary for the safety of everyone working in refrigerated spaces.

Safe access to HVACR equipment is a serious problem for technicians when servicing systems.

Choose the reliable and reputable Haier air conditioning range for greater peace of mind in Australia’s climate. They’re quick and easy to install and offer 24/7 customer support, meaning happier customers and a faster turnaround for you.

Haier is the world’s #1 for connected air conditioners.

24/7 Customer Care: 1300 729 948 Source Euromonitor International Limited. Claim issued on 1 Feb 2017. Haier is the number one brand of connected air conditioner (including smart air conditioner) in the world, with a market share of 23.6% in terms of volume sales in 2016.

cover.indd 1

11/01/18 12:30 PM

Cover Haier is the world s #1 for connected air conditioners*.

Designed for Australia s unique climate, Haier s range of commercial and domestic s air conditioners are dependable, reliable and easy to install. With 24/7 customer support, Haier Air Conditioning is your ticket to a drama-free workday.

CLIMATE CONTROL NEWS FEBRUARY 2018

3

Editorial

Climate Control News EDITOR Sandra Van Dijk Ph: (02) 9213 8277 sandravandijk@yaffa.com.au NATIONAL SALES MANAGER Michael Northcott Ph: 0420 403 044 michaelnorthcott@yaffa.com.au ADVERTISING PRODUCTION Michelle Carneiro Ph: (02) 9213 8219 michellecarneiro@yaffa.com.au SUBSCRIPTIONS GREATMAGAZINES.COM.AU CALL 1800 807 760 SUBSCRIPTIONS@YAFFA.COM.AU SUBSCRIPTION RATES 1 year $99.00 Overseas 1 year NZ A$110

ASIA A$125

ROW A$170

The voice of industry THIS MONTH'S ISSUE OF CCN REALLY IS THE VOICE OF AUSTRALIA'S HVACR INDUSTRY. Sandra Van Dijk – Editor

THE EXCEPTIONALLY HIGH number of editorial contributions from readers allows us to showcase a diverse range of opinion and expertise. That's 52 pages of HVACR news.

It is an exceptional start to the year for me, as editor of CCN, to be able to share so much valued experience within these pages.

Your support is appreciated.

Obviously advertising support is very important but so is your commitment to ensuring these pages are filled with the wide ranging views of such a broad and varied industry.

Contributions in this issue range from legal advice relating to contractual obligations to technical tips on the latest trends in natural refrigerants and product information on leak detection tools.

Readers road test energy storage systems and there is a two-page pictorial spread from AREMA's 50th anniversary celebrations (congratulations).

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CLIMATECONTROLNEWS.COM.AU

It is an ARBS year with the three-day event returning to Sydney so this issue wouldn't be complete without a special preview from ARBS chair, Ian Hopkins, on page 16.

Once again ARBS will feature heavily in every issue of CCN right through to July. But first CCN is preparing to launch its HVACR Leadership Awards. Details will be provided in coming months including some exciting changes.

To be a part of CCN's awards program or our ARBS coverage, contact Michael Northcott on 0420 403 044.

As well as receiving so much attention from readers via editorial contributions I returned from my holiday break to discover that online subscriptions to the CCN website have skyrocketed!

Of course it didn't just happen over the holidays. Interest in our daily news site has been increasing for months. But thank you to our new subscribers. What a positive start to the year.

But then it's easy to be grateful in February.

Like everyone else I am feeling refreshed from the holidays.

Maybe check in with me again in August when the year unfolds and life returns to its usual hectic pace, I may not be as gracious.

For now, let’s just enjoy the issue.

PUBLISHER Helen Davies CUSTOMER SERVICE MANAGER Martin Phillpott MARKETING MANAGER Sabarinah Elijah MARKETING EXECUTIVE Jasmine Gale PRODUCTION DIRECTOR Matthew Gunn ART DIRECTOR Ana Heraud STUDIO MANAGER Lauren Esdaile DESIGNER Harry O’Donnell CLIMATE CONTROL NEWS is published by Yaffa Media Pty Ltd ABN 54 002 699 354, 17-21 Bellevue Street, Surry Hills NSW 2010.

Ph: (02) 9281 2333 Fax: (02) 9281 2750 ALL MAIL TO: GPO Box 606, Sydney NSW 2001

ISSN 1446-6937.

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News Short on tradies and engineers, HVACR is hit by a failing job market.

HVACR hit by huge demand for tradies, engineers ONCE AGAIN THE JOB OF AIR CONDITIONING AND REFRIGERATION MECHANIC MADE THE TOP LIST OF TRADES EXPERIENCING A SERIOUS SKILLS SHORTAGE IN 2017.

DEPARTMENT OF EMPLOYMENT figures show a critical shortage of air conditioning and refrigeration mechanics in most states across Australia.

But it isn't just the trade arena impacting the HVACR industry, it is a similar story for engineering.

Despite the huge demand for RAC technicians, figures from the Skilling Australia Foundations show that four in five Australian parents want their children to attend university, rather than undertake an apprenticeship.

The CEO of training organisation, TABMA

Apprentices and Trainees, Colin Fitzpatrick, said that given the rising cost of a formal education, traineeships are a better option.

"We're unnecessarily setting up a generation with unrealistic job expectations and large student debt," he said.

Data released by find a tradie site ServiceSeeking.com.au found that tradies in high demand have been charging premium prices.

"There is good money to be made," according to ServiceSeeking CEO, Jeremy Levitt.

"With Australia in the midst of the worst tradie shortage in years, a gold mine opportunity has opened up for tradies to earn premium rates.

"Figures released by the Mitchell Institute show that apprenticeships are now at their lowest since 2004."

It is a similar story in the engineering profession. University of NSW, education manager for the faculty of engineering, Kimberly Burdett, said there are just not enough engineering graduates to meet domestic demand – and demand is high.

Every year for the past decade, an average of 18,000 new engineering positions need to be filled in Australia, but only 7,600 students graduate with bachelor-level engineering degrees from Australian universities.

"Demand from industry completely outstrips supply, and that demand is not slowing – in fact it has doubled in the past decade," according to UNSW Dean of Engineering, Mark Hoffman.

"The average starting salary for engineering graduates is higher for women than for men.

Name another profession where that's the case."

The UNSW is aiming for 30 per cent female enrolments in engineering by 2020.

Building code debate gets heated A UNIVERSITY OF South Australia researcher has called for changes to Australia’s building code in the wake of a study which found newer homes are less resistant to heat than older style brick veneer homes.

UniSA research associate, Dr Gertrud Hatvani-Kovacs, said the building code supported energy efficiency but did not encourage heat stress resistance.

"With newly built buildings that are compliant with the building code they are often overinsulated and have very high air tightness with a lack of natural ventilation and shading," she said.

"The building cannot cool down making the energy efficiency counter-productive. The code should encourage designs that are heat stress resistant."

In a study of typical, single-storey brick veneer homes in Adelaide and Sydney during a

6

CLIMATECONTROLNEWS.COM.AU

heatwave, UniSA research found that newer homes with a 6-star energy rating used the same amount of energy to cool the interior as an older double brick home with just 2.6 stars.

"Building codes need to incorporate separate energy ratings for heating and cooling to give home owners a more accurate assessment of their efficiency," Dr Hatvani-Kovacs said.

"Australians are too reliant on air conditioning. By setting our systems at cooler temperatures we are dumping waste heat to the streets, placing extra demand on the grid,

Newer homes with a 6-star energy rating use the same amount of energy to cool the interior as an old brick home with just 2.6 stars.

forcing prices upwards and causing more blackouts.

"The solution is to incorporate a range of measures in new homes to deflect heat including lighter and reflective roof colours, and reflective foils installed in roof cavities."

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ebm-papst invests in local centre of excellence AS PART OF plans to expand local service capabilities, ebm-papst ANZ has just completed construction of a new Centre of Excellence which officially opens later this month.

The centre is located at the company's head office in Melbourne and is part of its philosophy to be a global company that acts locally by investing in its people and its customers in Australia and New Zealand.

The facility enables ebm-papst engineers to continue to provide customers with high quality technical solutions and conduct advanced research in the form of testing and product analysis for local customers.

It features an R&D facility, a test rig in accordance with ISO5801, a product analysis area as well as a development area specifically set up for control solutions.

Customers and contacts from industry and government will attend the official launch of the new Centre of Excellence on February 8, 2018.

Guest speakers will present insights into ex-

panding local service and quality capabilities, and senior management from Australia and Germany will share their experience and vision on expanding local capabilities. Thomas Borst, ebm-papst group managing director for sales and marketing, will also be in attendance.

The centre undertakes research in the form of testing and product analysis.

New warranty extension packages for customers BITZER HAS ANNOUNCED A COMPLIMENTARY ONE-YEAR INDIVIDUAL WARRANTY EXTENSION FOR IQ PRODUCTS, WHICH IS EXTENDABLE UP TO AN OVERALL GUARANTEE OF FIVE YEARS. FOR NON-IQ PRODUCTS, specific warranty extension packages are now available in the 2018 official price list.

BITZER said the company stands for quality and customer-oriented solutions. This is why the long-standing company is now introducing warranty extension packages exceeding the legally required warranty of 12 months for most of its products with additional benefits for IQ products.

As of January 1, 2018, customers benefit from a complimentary one-year extra warranty on all BITZER IQ products exceeding the legal one-

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CLIMATECONTROLNEWS.COM.AU

Engineers can provide customers with high quality technical solutions.

year warranty. Activation of the free extended warranty is to be carried out by scanning the QR code on the product. Then, customers will be led through the self-explanatory activation process.

BITZER's director of services and after-sales, Philippe Maratuech, said IQ products include intelligent compressors and condensing units as well as certain components like frequency inverters and operating modules. “We are confident in our abilities and therefore know just how reliable our products with IQ technology are. We want our customers to benefit from this confidence and to strengthen their trust in our intelligent solutions, which is why we The BDC Series Condenser

decided to grant them one extra year of warranty with the purchase of an IQ product,� he said.

This additional service is available in numerous sales regions on an annual basis and can be extended to an overall warranty of five years: on top of the one-year free warranty on IQ products, customers can extend their warranty if they buy the warranty extension package.

Product and time span are freely selectable by the customer, which makes the warranty extremely flexible and easy to manage. BITZER partners get the opportunity to further protect their BITZER compressors and condensing units, offering their most demanding customers an optimal way of safekeeping their investments.

To find out more customers should contact BITZER to discuss their warranty options. https://www.bitzer.de/bx/en/press/bitzerintroduces-warranty-extension-packages.jsp

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Nominations open for trade scholarship NOMINATIONS ARE NOW OPEN FOR THE 2018 INDUSTRY EDUCATIONAL TRADE SCHOLARSHIP. NOW IN ITS third year, the scholarship provides students studying commercial refrigeration and air conditioning through TAFE the opportunity to train at one of the industry's premier educational institutions – the Refrigeration and Climate Control Centre of Excellence (RCCC) in Melbourne.

The program was created by leading industry associations – the Air Conditioning and Mechanical Contractors' Association (AMCA) and the Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturers Association of Australia (AREMA). It is supported by the Air Conditioning Refrigeration and Building Services (ARBS) Education and Research Foundation.

The launch of the 2018 scholarship follows the success of the program over the past two years where students and their teachers from TAFE colleges across Australia participated in a twoweek residential course at the RCCC. Winning recipients will be announced in March.

The aim of the Industry Educational Trade Scholarship is to increase the quality of trained tradespeople in the industry and support the professional development of teachers.

The scholarship covers tuition, travel, meals, accommodation and training resources for both the students and their accompanying teachers.

It embodies eight key units of competency from the Master Refrigeration program developed by RCCC. Students will be enrolled by Box Hill Institute and issued a Statement of Attainment on completion of all units of competency.

The 2018 two-week course will be conducted in July and October. Applicants must be in the third year of a Certificate III in Air Conditioning and Refrigeration apprenticeship at the time of being awarded the scholarship.

Malaysia looks to hydrocarbons to reduce carbon footprint HYCHILL AUSTRALIA’S GENERAL manager, Mario Balen, met with the Prime Minister of Malaysia, Dato’ Sri Najib Razak, to examine options to reduce the country’s carbon footprint.

The meeting, held in the Prime Minister's office in Putrajaya, Malaysia, was facilitated by HyChill's Malaysian partner Dyna Timur and attended by its managing director, Ahmad Nordin.

Malaysian Prime Minister Dato’ Sri Najib Razak.

10

The purpose of the meeting was to present to the Prime Minister details of a joint project involving the use and supply of hydrocarbon refrigerants to the Malaysian market.

Balen said Malaysia is strongly committed to reducing its carbon footprint and meeting its international obligations under the Montreal, Kyoto and Kigali agreements.

"Shifting the focus from synthetic to natural, and especially hydrocarbon refrigerants will assist Malaysia as a country to achieve and exceed these goals," he said.

It is estimated that Malaysia currently has 14 million air conditioning systems, mainly splits charged with R22.

Like Australia, Malaysia is scheduled to phase out R22.

"An estimated 60 per cent of the total energy consumption in HyChill general manager, government office buildings is diMario Balen

CLIMATECONTROLNEWS.COM.AU

Applicants must be in the third year of a Certificate III in Air Conditioning and Refrigeration apprenticeship at the time of being awarded the scholarship.

AREMA President, Mark Padwick, said the association was delighted to continue its support for this "important and relevant" program.

"Previous scholarship recipients have expressed how invaluable this training is, and how it can be applied directly in the workplace. This is a huge incentive for AREMA to keep supporting this program," he said.

ARBS chair, Ian Hopkins, said the scholarship is helping to unearth the future ambassadors of the HVACR industry.

rected to air conditioning alone," Balen said.

"These systems consume a significant portion of Malaysia's overall electricity output and are seen as a prime target in reducing the country's CO2 emissions, both direct and indirect."

During the meeting, Balen said Prime Minister Razak expressed considerable interest in the project, which would, in its second phase, involve a local bottling facility.

He said the project has been referred to the Directorate of Energy for further evaluation.

"The director of the department will report back directly to the Prime Minster with his recommendation, following an assessment," Balen said.

"Both Hychill Australia and Dyna Timur are excited about the prospect of the project progressing to the next stage."

If approved, the project will commence in mid2018 and take three to five years to complete.

"The potential benefits from the project are enormous – it is estimated that direct emission savings alone resulting from only the first phase of the project could amount to 14 Mt of CO2 displacement, with indirect emission savings reaching millions of tonnes of CO2 displacement annually," Balen said.

8 - 10 May 2018 ICC Sydney, Darling Harbour

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SOURCE PRODUCT SHARE SOLUTIONS CONNECT @ARBS Visit Australia’s only international HVAC+R & building services trade exhibition featuring the highly anticipated Speaker Series and Industry Awards

World News

Seeley International acquires Integrated Comfort Corp SEELEY INTERNATIONAL HAS ANNOUNCED ITS ACQUISITION OF COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL HVAC BUSINESS INTEGRATED COMFORT (ICI), A LEADING AND WELL-RESPECTED SACRAMENTOBASED MANUFACTURER OF HIGHLY EFFICIENT PATENTED EVAPORATIVE PRE-COOLING PRODUCTS. SEELEY INTERNATIONAL GROUP managing director, Jon Seeley said the purchase of the ICI brand complements and extends Seeley’s hyperefficient commercial product range, and presents an opportunity to fast-track the company’s international expansion plans in the United States.

“This acquisition is a perfect fit for both organisations, strengthening our presence in the lucrative US market and supporting our trajectory growth to become a $1 billion company,” Seeley said.

“As a market leader, Seeley International is always looking at opportunities to invest in innovative companies that share common values and offer hyper-efficient products that can complement our own award-winning solutions. We have been very impressed by ICI and its highlysuccessful DualCool commercial and industrial cooling technology.

“ICI will continue to operate under its existing brand and management team, with the added global support that comes with being part of the broader Seeley International Group.”

ICI DualCool strengths include an impressive and reliable on-time delivery, successful warranty and service program and a controls integration system that maximises energy savings.

The business has now successfully completed the installation of DualCool evaporative pre-coolers in more than 380 Walmart and Sam’s Club

stores across the country, which equates to more than 2570 DualCool units.

ICI’s DualCool product will now become part of Seeley International Group’s extensive portfolio that includes the trusted brands, Breezair, Climate Wizard, Coolerado, ConSeeley International vair, Coolair and Braemar. group managing President and CEO of ICI, director, Dick Bourne, said ICI cusJon Seeley tomers would ultimately benefit from Seeley International’s extensive market experience, award-winning product lines, and its unwavering commitment to innovation.

“ICI is committed to helping customers improve their energy efficiency and better manage costs without compromising the comfort of their buildings. This exciting new collaboration with Seeley International will support our sustained growth and expansion in the years ahead,” he said.

“While it will be business as usual for ICI customers, they will now have added peace of mind knowing that they are now also supported and backed by the Seeley International Group’s extensive knowledge of commercial and industrial products.”

A-Gas prepares for the future A-GAS HAS UNVEILED a new logo which includes the tagline, Together We Can. The company believes this reflects its future vision, core values and long-term goals.

The tagline has been launched in advance of A-Gas' 25th anniversary in 2018, according to Andrew Ambrose, A-Gas Group CEO. "We are extremely proud of what we have achieved over the past quarter of a century and we wanted to create a new tagline that embodies our core brand values," he said.

"Our people are the essence of our success story. Our team is proud to work together to deliver first-class customer service and unrivalled market knowledge."

The tagline encapsulates A-Gas's dedication to its people and their safety, exceptional customer service, and the highest standards of quality and operational excellence.

The new-look logo will become a familiar feature on A-Gas branding worldwide.

A-Gas was founded in 1993 and has grown into a global market leader with approximately 500 employees worldwide.

MCI inks 10-year deal

Semi-hermetic reciprocating compressors are at the heart of the Star Cool refrigeration system.

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CLIMATECONTROLNEWS.COM.AU

COMPRESSOR SPECIALIST, BITZER, has announced a new 10-year agreement to extend its collaboration with Maersk Container Industry (MCI), the leading manufacturer of refrigerated transportation equipment and part of the Transport and Logistics division of Danish A.P. Moller-Maersk.

As part of the contract, BITZER will continue to supply MCI with two-stage Octagon aluminium compressors for maintaining optimal temperatures for perishable food transport.

The semi-hermetic reciprocating compressors

are the heart of the Star Cool refrigeration system, which was launched by MCI to meet the increasing needs of their customers with optimal cargo quality and focus on energy efficiency as primary objective.

Lodam, which has been part of the BITZER Group since 2007, specialises in control systems.

Today the Star Cool system is installed in over 250,000 reefer containers operated globally across more than 40 international shipping lines and multinational fruit companies.

Visit www.mcicontainers.com.

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In Focus

Updates to HVACR contracts TO ENSURE HVACR CONTRACTS COMPLY WITH NEW LAWS CLEARSCOPE LEGAL FOUNDER, RAPHAEL BROWN, OUTLINES RECENT CHANGES TO BUSINESS CONTRACTS.

MOST HVACR BUSINESSES do not like paying for legal fees. Staying on top of the game in what is a very competitive industry is much more front of mind! But at the same time business owners and managers do want their contracts to remain compliant, especially when faced with new and far-reaching legal changes.

In the past year sweeping legal changes came into effect requiring careful reviewing and updating of “standard contracts” – such as T&Cs, Terms of Supply and Terms of Service.

If you service “small businesses” (less than 20 employees) and use standard form contracts with contract values of less than $300,000 (or less than $1 million for contracts longer than 12 months), there is a very good chance that the new laws will apply to your business.

To ensure that your HVACR contracts comply with the new laws, some contract terms will need to be carefully re-worded, other terms may have to be removed completely, and new terms may be required.

Let’s take a quick look at a couple of terms commonly found in HVACR contracts and suggest some steps that could be taken.

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INDEMNITY CLAUSES This type of clause has become almost standard in HVACR contracts. The clause typically provides that a customer will be liable if they do something that causes loss to a supplier or service provider.

Under the new laws, indemnity clauses in their traditional format are at risk of being unenforceable. To help avoid this, take the following steps:

PUT A CAP ON THE AMOUNT OF THE INDEMNITY Make it clear that the indemnity will only apply if the customer acts negligently or breaches the agreement with the service provider Consider making the indemnity two-way – so that that the supplier or service provider will also be liable if they act negligently or breach the agreement

AUTO-RENEWAL CLAUSES Like indemnity clauses, auto-renewal clauses have also become virtually standard. In the HVACR sector, these clauses are often seen in duct cleaning contracts, equipment servicing agreements and remote-monitoring agreements.

Where services are being provided for a set term (say 12 months), an auto-renewal clause

will typically provide that a contract automatically renews for a further term (say, a further 12 months) unless the customer cancels the contract by a certain deadline.

An auto-renewal clause in this format is likely to be caught by the new laws. Here are some steps that could help to bring the clause in line with the new laws: A prominent statement at the top of the contract alerting the customer to the auto-renewal clause Sending a reminder that the contract end date is nearing, and that the contract will automatically renew if the customer does give notice by a certain date Shortening the period of auto-renewal to 3 or 6 months instead of 12 months

FREE OFFER For a more detailed explanation of the new laws and some more practical suggestions and guidance, visit www.clearscopelegal.com.au/HVAC and download a FREE copy of our eBOOK on the new unfair contracts legislation. ✺ ABOUT THE AUTHOR Raphael Brown is the founder of Clearscope Legal, a business law firm with an industry focus in the HVACR sector. Brown is a specialist business lawyer, and regularly advises HVACR businesses on commercial contracts, regulatory compliance, intellectual property and dispute resolution. Send emails to rb@clearscopelegal. com.au or call 0435 066 489.

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In Focus

LEFT: The last ARBS Exhibition held in 2016.

BELOW: ARBS chair, Ian Hopkins BOTTOM: ARBS 2018 logo

Special preview of this year's ARBS event ARBS 2018, THE PREMIER HVAC, REFRIGERATION AND BUILDING SERVICE EXHIBITION IN THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE IS JUST AROUND THE CORNER. EXHIBITION CHAIR, IAN HOPKINS, PREVIEWS THE THREE DAY EVENT. WITH MORE THAN 350 exhibitors and in-excess of 9,000 visitors, the exhibition is forecast to be the largest ARBS to date and will offer the industry unrivalled access to the latest in HVACR in the southern hemisphere.

ARBS celebrates its twentieth year in 2018 which lends me to reflect on the past decades and how our industry has changed. From improvements in safety standards to the introduction of new and smart technologies, our industry has progressed with a continuous commitment to transform our built environment and is driven to be solution focused given the demands of the time And as these demands and external pressures see our industry change, evolve and consequently adapt, many of our business decisions are made with innovation and sustainability in the forefront of our minds therefore it remains imperative to be well-informed. ARBS 2018 provides the industry a great opportunity to connect and network with leaders, peers, colleagues and suppliers whilst discovering the latest products, systems and service evolutions in our industry.

The highly-acclaimed seminar program, now

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CLIMATECONTROLNEWS.COM.AU

known as the Speaker Series, will provide an excellent opportunity to garner information and knowledge. Visitors and exhibitors alike can learn about emerging technologies, methodologies, standards and best practice. I am confident it will continue to be a successful platform for the exchange of technical knowledge, information and ideas.

A case study highlighting the unique features of the International Convention Centre's central energy plant is the first, in a fantastic schedule of presentations, within the ARBS Speaker Series.

The session will explore challenges faced throughout the project and key lessons learnt and be delivered by the lead consulting engineers and contractors behind the $1.5 billion redevelopment at Darling Harbour in Sydney.

PRESENTERS, Three presenters will provide details on performance levels achieved in the last 12 months and ref lect on whether the project has met expectations.

The speakers are: Shane Durkin, engineering dervices manager at AG Coombs; Michael Dagher, technical director – Buildings, AECOM; and

Nathan Scroope, building technologies & solutions, Johnson Controls.

The ICC project, which commenced in 2013 and took over 5.8 million hours to complete, officially opened in December 2016.

A public-private partnership between the NSW government and a consortium of private companies, the ICC is constructed on the site of the old Sydney Exhibition Centre.

The venue delivers 40 per cent more exhibition space than its predecessor and is the biggest combined exhibition, convention and entertainment precinct in Australia.

ARBS 2018 provides excellent networking opportunities for the industry and connects industry professionals, engineers, contractors and technicians with global product and solution providers. Collaborate with peers over the latest technologies, standards and best practice, and enjoy many of the social activities including the awards presentation dinner.

To be held from May 8-10, 2018, the event showcases the latest products and services, provides an opportunity for delegates to talk to manufacturers and distributors. âœş For details visit arbs.com.au.

In Focus

Busting the mild flammability myth

HYCHILL AUSTRALIA GENERAL MANAGER, MARIO BALEN, EXPLAINS WHY THE TERM MILD FLAMMABILITY IS ABOUT AS LOGICAL AS A MILD PREGNANCY. THE INTRODUCTION OF "mild" flammability by the F-gas industry is similar to the introduction of "mild" cigarettes by the tobacco industry.

Yes it's true the term mild flammability does exist, although it is hard to believe anyone could come up with such a misnomer, but if you want to check for yourself it is in the ASHRAE refrigerants classification under the AS 5149 refrigerant standards. So what is flammability?

One of the most widely accepted definitions puts it as the ability of a substance to burn or ignite, causing fire or combustion.

Since the material cannot be destroyed, just changed, combustion involves a chemical reaction, typically between the burning material and oxygen. Examples of flammable substances include petrol, ethanol, rubber, alcohol, paper, natural gas and even wood. So what then is "mild" flammability?

That is trickier to explain. For starters, famous physicists and chemists like Newton, Lavoisier, Boyle or even Nobel never worked for DuPont or Honeywell and thus never came even close to such a concept. Somewhat naively, they thought that if it burns, it must be flam-

HyChill Australia general manager, Mario Balen.

mable, or at least combustible. This is where modern science shone through: not only that some refrigerants have a higher flammability, others can have either lower or even mild flammability. Why grades such as moderate, very low, extremely low and ultra-low flammability were omitted is not entirely clear. What is clear is that, when compared with hydrocarbons, those with "mild" flammability burn slower, create less heat of combustion and need higher concentration in air to burn. I am sure you notice the key words here which are "compared to hydrocarbons". For that is the main and only reason for this classification to be invented and introduced into otherwise serious engineering and scientific disciplines of refrigeration and chemistry. Synthetic refrigerant manufacturers spent 30 years warning about the dangers of hydrocarbon flammability, so there was a slight problem when their latest products, namely R32 and R1234yf, were flammable! Their solution? Create the Mild Flammability myth. This concept of mild, useful and good has not yet caught up with other avenues of life and technology. In the same vein, medicine is yet to recognise mild pregnancy cases.

Plumbers and welders deal with various flammable gases – they would surely know a thing or two about "mild" flammability. It does not appear so – they too classify them only as flammable or not. It seems that the HVACR industry is on its own in this regard. The Dangerous Goods Code didn’t get it either as both the Australian and the international code classifies substances only as flammable or non-flammable.

Consequently, WorkSafe authorities of various Australian states recognise all flammable refrigerants only as Class 2.1 (flammable).

I didn't dare ask fire authorities about their view on mild flammability.

Even those who were instrumental in propagating the "mild" flammability myth started developing doubts. ASHRAE, for example, suddenly decided to put on a myth-busters cap and investigate the real-life flammability of "mildly" flammable A2L refrigerants, although they only looked into "typical" applications, for some reason neglecting to investigate higher charge levels. The results were published in June 2017 in their final report, which states: "The low burning velocity of 2L refrigerants does not prevent rapid flame spread under many conditions observed", and "For some classes of refrigeration equipment (…) medium or large leaks can cause refrigerant accumulation in the cold storage compartment. Since these 2L refrigerants are heavier than air, flammable concentrations can be reached fairly easily in such confined spaces. When a door is opened, there is a spill of refrigerant to a floor level leading to possible ignition..." and "… more investigation is needed." So, what have we learned? "Mildly" flammable refrigerants burn. Even though "mildly" flammable refrigerants have lower burning velocity, they burn fast. Burning causes fire. Fire is hazardous.

Looks like the Mild Flammability Myth has gone up in flames! ✺

CLIMATE CONTROL NEWS FEBRUARY 2018

17

In Focus

AREMA celebrates

50 years MORE THAN 130 guests attended 50th anniversary celebrations for the Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturers Association of Australia (AREMA).

A long list of industry veterans, government officials and even a few industry legends attended the event at Taronga Zoo in Sydney.

The guest performer was comedian Jean Kittson who is also a scriptwriter for stage, television, radio, magazines and newspapers. âœş

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In Focus

OPPOSITE PAGE (TOP): A team photo of AREMA executives celebrating half a centuryof success.

BOTH PAGES: The event was well attended with a mix of new and old faces enjoying a memorable evening.

FAR LEFT: Comedian Jean Kittson on stage enteraining the crowd.

BOTTOM ROW: Table bookings were popular as industry came together to commemorate an important milestone.

CLIMATE CONTROL NEWS  FEBRUARY 2018

19

Green innovators push the boundaries of best practice

MORE THAN 27 MILLION SQUARE METRES OF BUILDING SPACE HAS BEEN CERTIFIED UNDER THE GREEN STAR RATING SYSTEM. THIS MEANS GREEN STAR CERTIFIED SPACE HAS ALMOST DOUBLED IN THE PAST TWO YEARS, UP 93 PER CENT FROM THE END OF 2015.

P

UBLISHING ITS ANNUAL list of Green Star leaders, the Green Building Council of Australia (GBCA) said it certified 304 projects in 2017, taking the grand total of projects certified since the rating system was launched in 2003 to 1,721.

GBCA CEO, Romilly Madew, said 525 new projects were registered in 2017, up from 416 in 2016 and 277 in 2015.

"This speaks volumes about the growing influence of Green Star on the market," Madew said.

"Each year, we crunch the numbers to identify the annual leaders who have led the industry by challenging business norms, testing new ideas and pushing the boundaries of best practice. And each year, we are bowled over by the industry's leadership.

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"Sustainability is synonymous with building quality, with more than half of all ASX 50 companies operating from Green Star buildings. Increasingly, investors, tenants and building owners understand a Green Star rating helps to manage risk and enhance reputation."

So who are the leaders in this space?

Charter Hall gained Green Star certification for its entire portfolio in 2017, with an impressive 179 ratings in total (178 buildings, and one portfolio rating).

"Charter Hall now has the largest Green Star-rated portfolio in Australia by both number of projects and area, with an eye-watering 3.1 million square metres of Green Star space," Madew said.

Charter Hall's Perth and Melbourne state offices have also received WELL Certified Silver

ratings from the International WELL Building Institute, making it the first company in Australia to achieve an interior rating in Victoria and the first project in Western Australia to achieve WELL accreditation.

Charter Hall Group CEO, David Harrison, said the company is proud of its Green Star footprint.

"We care about the environments we create for our tenants with 178 of our office, retail and industrial assets achieving a Green Star – Performance rating and 19 Green Star ratings for projects achieving 5 Star Green Star or above," he said.

"These ratings provide us with a framework to set longer-term targets to continually improve our performance and to deliver superior returns for our investors."

Frasers Property has registered 82 buildings for Green Star – Performance ratings in 2017, as well as 24 other projects. When these projects are certified it will take Frasers Property's total to 231.

Frasers Property has individual green icons – like One Central Park, The Ponds and Fairwater – as well as more Green Star industrial facilities than any other developer in the country.

Frasers Property Australia's general manager of sustainability, Paolo Bevilacqua, said that

Indoor Air Quality

looking ahead it's important that Green Star continues to evolve to reflect changing policy and market conditions.

Madew said Investa Office Management also deserves applause for certifying a portfolio of 27 assets.

"Investa consistently demonstrates that sustainability provides a pathway to long-term investment returns, as well as shareholder and community value," she said.

Commonwealth Bank delivered 10 Green Star certified interiors projects – one 6 Star and nine 5 Star projects – and now has more Green Star bank branches than any of its competitors.

The Commonwealth Bank's executive general manager of group property and security, Jennifer Saiz, said that as an organisation, the bank drives

FAR LEFT: One Central Park, Broadway is a landmark development in Sydney.

LEFT: Mirvac’s Sydney headquarters. The Dow Jones Systainability Index has ranked Mirvac as the most sustainable real estate company in the world.

“CHARTER HALL NOW HAS THE LARGEST GREEN STAR PORTFOLIO IN AUSTRALIA.”

BELOW: 171 Collins Street, Melbourne is just one of the buildings that have made Charter Hall a Green Star leader.

- GBCA CEO, ROMILLY MADEW.

positive change through good business practice.

"Building and operating more sustainable branches is just one way we can achieve this," she said.

On the consultancy front, Arup Australasia and WSP l Parsons Brinckerhoff worked on more Green Star certified projects than any other consultancy in 2017, with a total of eight each for the year, and a further 38 projects registered in 2017 between them.

Madew also singled out the achievements of three sustainability leaders: Lendlease, Stockland and Mirvac.

Stockland was the only Australian company to be included on the 2017 Climate A list released by CDP, the non-profit global environmental disclosure platform.

Stockland is set to roll out Australia's largest ever property solar project at 10 of its shopping centres across the country, which will see more than 39,000 photo voltaic panels installed.

And Mirvac was ranked the most sustainable real estate company in the world by Dow Jones Sustainability Index, which assesses the world's 2,500 largest publicly traded companies. ✺

STATE BY STATE STORY Of the 304 Green Star projects certified in 2017, 115 came from New South Wales. This was followed by Victoria (68), Queensland (57), West Australia (41), South Australia (12), ACT (six), and Tasmania (three) and NT (two).

The Victorian Government achieved ratings for seven railway stations under the Level Crossing Removal Project last year.

GBCA CEO, Romilly Madew, said the Victorian Government’s draft framework for Fishermans Bend, which will one day be home to 80,000 people, “establishes a clear vision for Australia’s largest urban renewal precinct”.

In Queensland, the release of the Queensland Building Plan has been a significant policy win for the GBCA, as it “progresses many of our industry’s

recommendations”. Among them are measures to improve the sustainability of Queensland Government buildings, reduce emissions and improve energy efficiency.

Madew said other wins for the sustainability sector this year have been the collaborative engagement between the federal Department of Environment and Energy and NSW Office of Environment and Heritage (NABERS team) to deliver the National Carbon Offset Standards for buildings and communities, and the ongoing leadership of local governments.

“I’d like to pay particular tribute to the Adelaide City Council for its work delivering Carbon Neutral Adelaide. This is truly groundbreaking and raises the bar for other cities around Australia,” she said.

GBCA CEO, Romilly Madew

CLIMATE CONTROL NEWS FEBRUARY 2018

21

Indoor Air Quality

Smart Labs can be applied in other universities to reduce energy and ensure air quality adheres to strict safety standards

Smart Labs: Using intelligent ventilation for better IEQ UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA ENGINEERS HAVE CREATED SMART LABS TO ADDRESS THE HUGE ENERGY DEMAND OF RESEARCH LABS AND TO IMPROVE INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY (IEQ).

THE SMART LABS recipe from UC Irvine (UCI) can be easily implemented in other universities and research lab settings, and can dramatically reduce energy consumption by more than 50 per cent.

At the same time, intelligent ventilation platforms keep lab personnel safe by ensuring that air quality adheres to strict safety standards.

Smart Labs consist initially of seven essentials, they are: • Lower System Pressure Drop • Demand Based Ventilation • Dynamic, Digital Control Systems • Fumehood Airflow Optimisation • Exhaust Fan Discharge Velocity Optimisation • Continuous commissioning with automatic cross functional platform fault detection • Demand-based, LED Lighting with controls.

The implementation of these essentials is at the heart of how the Smart Labs approach reduces energy use so drastically while maintaining strict adherence to safety regulations. The Smart

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Lab approach can be implemented both in new buildings and by retrofitting existing buildings.

UCI has applied the design to 13 buildings across campus reducing energy use by an average of 61 per cent while providing a better environment for lab occupants.

Given that six of the seven Smart Lab Essentials pertain to the ventilation system and its controls, it is no surprise that Demand Control Ventilation (DCV) is at the heart of Smart Labs success. Labs require 100 per cent outside air, with a full changeover of internal air volume required six to 10 times per hour during normal operation.

As such, a huge amount of energy is expended by lab buildings' ventilation systems: heating, cooling, humidifying, dehumidifying, filtering, distributing, supplying, and expelling air. It can be difficult to determine the proper air exchange rates in labs, especially given the need to balance costly air exchange with the need for a safe working environment for researchers.

The reality is that setting a single air change

rate to balance safety and energy consumption will not achieve either objective. Instead, ventilation should be matched to current needs through DCV. For this reason, the UCI engineers tasked with designing the Smart Labs approach focused on how to most efficiently and effectively control building ventilation. The resulting design utilises DCV technology from Aircuity, not just to generate energy savings of as much as 50 per cent, but also to supply key safety information about the building in the form of air quality data.

Aircuity's solution supports the six essential items that deal with ventilation and its control, and contributes over half of the energy savings of smart labs in addition to being "the brain of the system" by delivering intelligent data about the lab operation. Aircuity's laboratory-focused DCV solution provides continuous monitoring of critical environments and automatically adjusts ventilation rates for safety and energy efficiency.

Continuous monitoring of the lab environment gives safety personnel insight to what is happening on a 24-hour, seven days a week basis.

Regardless of when an event occurs, ventilation rates will automatically increase until the air is clean again and run at higher rates. Additionally, safety personnel may review IEQ data so that incidents can be identified, and persistent issues can be evaluated to improve lab practices. ✺

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Indoor Air Quality

Frasers achieves rare gold rating FRASERS PROPERTY AUSTRALIA'S HEAD OFFICE IN RHODES HAS JUST RECEIVED A RARE GOLD RATING WELL CERTIFICATION.

IT IS ONE of the first in Australia and only the 14th worldwide.

Utilising the WELL Building Standard, Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) improved a whopping 64 per cent.

The standard covers seven core concepts of health and explores how design can be optimised to advance human health and well-being.

BVN in conjunction with Frasers Property's commercial division, led the $9.8 million fit-out comprising 3,700sqm spread across two levels of an existing commercial building.

It was one of the first projects in Australia to target both 6-Star Green Star Interiors v1.1 (Green Building Council of Australia) and WELL (International Well Building Institute) certifications.

According to Ninotschka Titchkosky, BVN Principal, the workplace is an enabler for team

building, coaching and developing people, but is also seen as a means to directly affect occupant's health – making employee wellbeing a top priority.

"The approach taken with the Frasers' design makes conscious use of passive design as part of a strategy to encourage movement, both for wellness and to promote unplanned conversations and collaboration," Titchkosky said.

Frasers executive general manager, commercial and industrial, Reini Otter, said that fundamental to the design is the belief that the built environment can directly affect employee health – making staff well-being a top priority.

WELL buildings are given credits for seven categories including air, water, nourishment, light, fitness, comfort and mind.

Some of the WELL features in the Rhodes office are:

TOP: Frasers Property headquarters in Rhodes, Sydney.

LEFT TOP: WELL buildings are given credits for seven categories including air, water, nourishment, light, fitness, comfort and mind.

LEFT BOTTOM: The focus was on human health and well-being with spatial comfort up 77 per cent while IAQ improved by 64 per cent.

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Subtle active design to facilitate a healthier environment including; Single point of entry for all staff; mingle with more people; walk to your desk through a town hall space designed to encourage interaction; natural light and views that is accessible to many and owned by no-one with sight lines across entire floor plate; Indoor plants and trees (three metres high) to improve air quality and connection to nature; Thirty per cent sit-to-stand desks and standing conference and meeting points throughout.

According to the company, there has been a 56 per cent improvement in staff satisfaction for overall health and productivity.

Spatial comfort is up 77 per cent, indoor air quality has improved by 64 per cent and visual comfort recorded a 44 per cent increase in satisfaction levels.

“THE APPROACH TAKEN WITH THE FRASERS' DESIGN MAKES CONSCIOUS USE OF PASSIVE DESIGN AS PART OF A STRATEGY TO ENCOURAGE MOVEMENT, BOTH FOR WELLNESS AND TO PROMOTE UNPLANNED CONVERSATIONS AND COLLABORATION.” – BVN PRINCIPAL, NINOTSCHKA TITCHKOSKY.

Frasers Property also runs several wellness in the workplace initiatives that include free access to Rhodes Corporate Business gymnasium for staff, and include design elements such as end of trip facilities with showers, lockers and change rooms, indoor plants and trees to improve air quality, plenty of natural light and access to outdoor spaces and the inclusion of passive design to encourage movement and collaboration within the workplace. ✺

Indoor Air Quality

A lightweight and magical cooling experience A FUSION OF brilliant design and smart technology by Seeley International has produced the new energy-efficient Braemar EnviroMagic evaporative air conditioner.

Seeley International founder and executive chair, Frank Seeley, said the Braemar EnviroMagic offers impressive evaporative cooling capacity perfect for large spaces, new property developments and architectural projects where looks and street appeal are important.

“This sleek new Braemar EnviroMagic is a market-leading commercial air-conditioning solution that delivers cooled air in a highly energy-efficient way, and responds to the needs of a growing number of business owners who want an unobtrusive roof profile,” Seeley said.

“The Braemar EnviroMagic ideally suits projects where roof profile aesthetics or intricate architectural design are important, and is a perfect choice for projects where building zone regulations require roof mounted equipment and services to be located behind parapet walls.

“Constructed with a super-tough lightweight UV-proof polymer cabinet instead of aluminium or stainless steel, the Braemar EnviroMagic is lightweight and durable, which means it can be easily installed on roof spaces that cannot support the weight of a typical commercial or industrial cooler.”

Other key features of the new Braemar EnviroMagic include: Highly cost-efficient air conditioning per cubic meThe Braemar EnviroMagic effortlessly delivers large volumes of tre – which has been cooled air in large spaces. achieved thanks to clever features such as the inverter axial fan technology and denser cooling pads.

The Braemar EnviroMagic also comes standard Braemar EnviroMagic ENV1000’s unique array of with a water management system, allowing for three 3-phase inverter drive motors, are fully ensavings on water bills too. closed to ensure the utmost safety and longevity.

Simple installation and easy operation – Not They enable efficient variable speed control, only is the Braemar EnviroMagic smaller and minimising power usage and further increasing lighter than other commercial evaporative sysefficiency. Braemar EnviroMagic ENV600 featems, it is also much quicker and cheaper to intures the InvertairTM inverter motor which is stall – which means customers can avoid costly highly efficient throughout the operating range, installation of multiple smaller coolers, with fewer using far less energy than a standard fan and roof penetrations. Adding to the ease of installamotor. ENV600 is available as a three phase or tion is the fact that components such as pads and single phase model. fans can also easily be removed.

Impressive cooling capacity - Braemar EnviBraemar EnviroMagic is configured to work roMagic effortlessly delivers large volumes of with an intuitive touch screen MagIQtouch Concooled air in large spaces, even those with controller, which lets users program and control mulstant traffic flows. tiple coolers with ease from single stations. BraeLow CO2 emissions - Ultra-low energy use is mar EnviroMagic is also Building Management achieved thanks to the 'Invertair’ inverter techSystem compatible, for integration with existing nology, which provides a new level of carbon emisor future systems. ✺ sion reduction compared to other cooling types.

Visit: www.braemar.com.au/EnviroMagic

CLIMATE CONTROL NEWS FEBRUARY 2018

25

Indoor Air Quality

Improved air flow and award winning design MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES AIR-CONDITIONERS AUSTRALIA (MHIAA) INTRODUCES THE ENHANCED AWARD-WINNING FDT RANGE FOR COMMERCIAL USE THAT PROVIDES COMFORT FOR EVERYONE IN THE ROOM. THE FDT RANGE won the 2016 Good Design Award by the Japan Institute of Design Promotion.

It includes an in-ceiling, four-directional indoor unit which offers improved airflow via a high performance yet low noise fan.

MHIAA Senior Advisor, Graham Hamilton, said the best air conditioners are ones that go unnoticed.

"Offices often have the problem where workers are seated under the air-conditioning unit causing an uncomfortable draught," he said.

"It's generally impractical to move people away from an air conditioning vent so it's great to

offer an air-conditioning system that ensures it is comfortable for everyone."

The draught control technology has four louvers, or flaps, which can be positioned individually according to where the air flows needs to be directed. This technology provides an air-flow that is flatter, and directed out of the unit along the ceiling.

When heating is required during colder months, air-flow is redirected and pushed down.

With the mercury expected to reach maximum temperatures again, as it has over the last few summers, the FDT range is perfect for creating the ideal working environment.

Available in 6kW to 14kW, the new range has an improved aerodynamic performance and reduces the operating noise by as much as 5dB(A).

"The FDT series also helps reduce operating costs by automatically switching to energy saving stand-by mode when no motion is detected," Hamilton said.

This means that in the event that staff members do not turn the unit off at the end of the day the unit will switch itself off at night. Then, as soon as someone walks into the office in the

Platinum certified expansion project

Pfizer factory in China.

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The FDT range offers improved airflow via a high performance yet low noise fan.

morning, the optional motion sensor will detect activity in the room and the operation will restart automatically at the desired temperature.

"The Hi Power mode can ensure the room reaches the desired temperature in as little as 15 minutes and the FDT air conditioner will also provide a reminder for general maintenance, for example when the air filter needs cleaning."

The ceiling-cassette commercial air conditioner from MHIAA for maximum comfort is available now.

For more information about the enhanced FDT range, contact MHIAA direct. ✺ JOHNSON CONTROLS HAS been working with Pfizer to build its first LEED-NC Platinum certified pharmaceutical factory in the world.

This follows an expansion project at Pfizer's factory in Dalian, China.

As the chosen strategic partner for this project, Johnson Controls provided lifecycle green building certification consulting services, alongside building controls systems and other related products to help Pfizer successfully meet energy efficiency challenges in the pharmaceutical industry.

As a result, a significant improvement in energy efficiency was recorded, including savings in water (45 per cent), energy (35 per cent) and cost (28 per cent), according to the standards of ASHRAE 90.1-2007. Covering an area of about 13,000 square metres, the project was completed in 2017.

Meng Yu, site leader of Pfizer Dalian in China, said Johnson Controls' professional services, rich experiences and proven solutions in green building certification were important in achieving LEED's highest level of platinum certification which included installing the Metasys Building Automation System (BAS).

The system utilises smart energy management platform (SPEED), enabling real-time calculations of factory energy consumption for energy usage optimisation through images, texts and videos. ✺

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Indoor Air Quality

DCV technology has reduced operational costs at San Francisco’s Japan Centre Garage.

Technology controls cost and ventilation NAGLE ENERGY SOLUTIONS’ (NES) patentpending garage-ventilation control system has reduced energy use by more than 1.2 million kilowatt-hours (kWh) at the city of San Francisco’s Japan Centre Garage.

In dollar terms it is a recurring operationalcost saving in excess of $316,000 per year, not including future utility rate increases, according to a press release.

Real-time data logging shows that in the 10 months since NES system commissioning (early March 2017), the energy consumed by 45 new electric motors running 20 hours per day and possessing a combined 225 horsepower amounts to just 31,900 kWh. That correlates to just 38,300 kWh consumed

annually – a 97 per cent reduction from the 1.25 million kWh per year the same mechanical system would otherwise consume with no means of fan-motor control in place.

The corporate manager of the Japan Centre Garage, Rich Hashimoto, said the system is generating significant savings.

"Post installation operating hours for the new mechanical ventilation system increased by more than 500 per cent from the prior 12-month period with the original system, so we fully anticipated our monthly/annual energy bill would increase. But with the NES system controlling it, the garage's kilowatt (kW) demand has decreased considerably," Hashimoto said.

"Our estimates show the NES system will ac-

tually reduce our building operation costs by more than $5,000 from the prior year. For any system to achieve results like this is remarkable."

Recent updates to the California Energy Code (Title 24) required the San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency (SFMTA) to upgrade the mechanical ventilation systems of some of the City's ageing garages, including the Japan Centre, Golden Gateway and Sutter Stockton garages, each of which now deploys the NES digital, demand-control ventilation (DCV) system.

The Japan Centre Garage, which covers 300,000 square feet, was constructed in 1968. Retrofit plans included the replacement (by third-party vendors) of the original 45 five horsepower (HP) fan-motor units dispersed throughout the respective garages with new, equivalent-size motor units. Plans also included the use of variable frequency drive (VFD) technology in conjunction with the operation of each, new motor.

The NES garage DCV system controls the rate of ventilation in the Main and Annex garages based on carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations at a given juncture.

BACnet-communicating NES CO sensors provide instantaneous feedback to NES controllers, which then relay speed commands via VFDs to the garage's exhaust and supply fan motors, increasing and decreasing motor speeds in proportion to CO readings. ✺

VOC versus ventilation

Laminated flooring required the highest rate of ventilation.

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LACK OF VENTILATION can lead to a buildup of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). But how much ventilation is necessary?

A study led by Susana Hormigos-Jimenez found that ventilation rates do not need to remain constant, but they can change over time.

The study "Ventilation rate determination method for residential buildings according to TVOC emissions from building materials" found that good IAQ in residential buildings requires good ventilation as well as the right materials for furnishings.

"You need good controlled ventilation, and you should build with stuff that doesn't fill the home with VOCs," the study said.

The authors analysed the contents of a typical room, the materials it was

made of and the furniture in it – closets made of plywood, f looring, both laminated wood and carpet and foam underpad on plywood, and furniture made of maple. They found that the age of the materials had a big impact.

"Most of the health hazards associated with VOC emissions occur during the first few months of building use or after remodeling, as the highest concentrations of VOCs are found in new or renovated buildings."

To get the room down to acceptable standards of TVOC, the laminated f looring required the highest rate of ventilation for the longest period, the plywood for a shorter period, and the maple furniture needed the lowest ventilation rate, which may explain why vintage furniture is so popular. ✺

T h e Ro y al Le ague of fans

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Indoor Air Quality

In a commercial office building there are greater demands on the HVAC system but good design can make a significant difference.

Using design to improve airflow and temperature AIR CHANGE RATES (ACR) ARE ABOUT MORE THAN JUST ENERGY EFFICIENCY; THEY ARE ALSO ABOUT AIR QUALITY. ENERGY EFFICIENCY CAN be achieved in a number of ways, but making improvements to HVAC systems can be one of the most significant.

Using large HVAC systems to control airflow and temperature requires a lot of energy per square metre. By implementing good HVAC system design, the carbon footprint can be dramatically reduced and air quality improved.

In a commercial building, ventilation requirements of a typical office is approximately four Air Changes per Hour (ACH). But greater demands on a HVAC system means more energy.

One way designers can improve energy effi-

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CLIMATECONTROLNEWS.COM.AU

“AUTOMATIC OCCUPANCY CONTROLS CAN REDUCE THE AIR CHANGE RATES WHEN THERE IS REDUCE FUME CUPBOARD USE.”

ciency is by reducing contaminant sources, as this lessens the required number of ACH. This can be done with behavioural changes and good operational practices. The designer can then identify the right volumetric flow rates and create a low energy HVAC design.

Designers can also introduce Direct Digital Controls (DDC) to provide variable flow control for fume cupboards and supply air, depending on occupancy and usage.

Automatic occupancy controls can reduce the air change rates when there is reduced

fume cupboard use, together with reduced overall flowrate during unoccupied periods, reducing energy usage of the HVAC system.

To further increase energy efficiency, designers can consider energy recovery technology, such as plate heat exchangers or run around coils. It may be necessary to protect these against chemicals, which can be done using stainless steel, vinyl coating or by using tinned coils.

Though additional fan energy is needed, low-pressure loss, high-efficiency heat exchanger design will improve the energy efficiency of the building.

As well as minimising the air change rate and energy recovery, the designer can reduce energy used by the extraction fan. Traditional use of fresh air make-up, to maintain stack discharge velocity, can be more energy intensive than using a variable stack orifice or multi-stack discharge. ✺

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Fig. 1. Typical dual compression stage, low charge NH3 plant.

Rise of low charge ammonia systems SCANTEC REFRIGERATION MANAGING DIRECTOR, STEFAN JENSEN, EXPLAINS THE RISE OF LOW CHARGE NH3.

T

HE TERM "LOW Charge NH3" is a marketing term commonly used for any type of ammonia refrigeration system where an effort has been made to reduce the ammonia refrigerant inventory by design.

The development of low charge NH3 systems has been driven by a combination of things.

These are in the main prevailing regulatory framework within the jurisdiction in question, the HFC phase-down, energy costs and existing knowledge base.

Low charge NH3 plants of the dual compression stage, central type for industrial applications generally feature inventories in kg/kW of cooling capacity that are three to five times lower than conventional liquid overfeed or

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flooded systems. Inventories down to 0.6 kg/ kW are not uncommon.

Liquid chilling packages for air conditioning or process cooling purposes have inventories down to 0.03 kg/kW – unitary equipment down to 0.018 kg/kW (P. Hrnjak, CTS).

The techniques used to achieve substantial reductions in NH3 inventory are wide ranging and include dry expansion refrigerant feed, new injection control methods, new heat exchanger designs, new defrost methods, multiplexing, distributed condensing, low overfeed rates and secondary refrigerants. Some techniques jeopardise energy efficiency, some increase capital costs and some do both.

CENTRAL TYPE LOW CHARGE NH3 SYSTEMS A typical central type, dual stage, low charge NH3 system is shown in Figure 1. The system services a 40,000 m³ refrigerated distribution facility. The NH3 inventory is 0.7 kg/kW. The specific energy consumption is 23-26 kWh/ m³*a or ~1 GWh/year.

The ammonia inventory is approximately 220kg in absolute terms. This is significantly

lower than the 500kg threshold that classifies sites as dangerous goods storage facilities in some Australian jurisdictions.

The system employs propylene glycol as a secondary refrigerant for the medium temperature areas. This is driven by the occupancy classification for some of the food processing rooms that form part of the building.

Loss of the entire operating NH3 inventory in one of the three evaporators in the freezer store will not give rise to an ammonia concentration in the freezer exceeding 50ppm. This is six times lower than the IDLH value. This assessment is based on the NH3 detection system arresting refrigerant supply to the evaporator in question immediately upon detection of a leak.

Central low charge NH3 systems are not only positioned to replace HFC based systems. They are also well placed to challenge conventional liquid overfeed systems. The factors in favour of low charge NH3 are energy efficiency and safety.

In Figure 2 below are shown typical measured specific energy consumption values for four low charge NH3 system of the design described above. The system

Natural Refrigerants

SEC (kWh/m³ p.a.)

SEC (kWh/ft³) average practice = 38.978 x storage volume - 0.2275 100.0 90.0 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 5,000

Sec(Av. Practice) Flooded screw

Sec(Best Practice)

2 4 20,000

Source: California Energy Commission 2008

3

40,000

75,000

125,000

175,000

Storage capacity (m³)

Fig. 2. Energy performance of central, dual stage, low charge NH3 systems relative to the energy performances of 163 public and private refrigerated warehouses in California.

designated "Flooded, screw" is a conventional, gravity f looded system with two single stage, economised screw compressors operating in parallel.

For a greenfield site, the simple payback period for a low charge NH3 plant compared with an industry standard, HFC based, single stage, air cooled system is usually three to five years. This is based on energy savings alone at current Australian unit electricity costs.

Further improvements in operator safety are available by combining the low charge NH3 concept with new defrost methods. Two

such defrost methods are ambient air and the use of a separate phase-changing defrost fluid in dual circuited evaporators.

Ambient air defrost is commonly used in socalled alcove evaporators. The application of ambient air defrost in forced or induced draught evaporators is very rare. Figure 3 shows an example of an induced draught evaporator with automatic ambient air defrost.

By combining ambient air defrost with automatic venting in the event of a refrigerant leak, the accidental entry of ammonia refrigerant into the refrigerated space can be prevented to

a very large extent. The operating NH3 inventory of the two freezer evaporators shown in Figure 3 is 5kg each, unit refrigeration capacity 155kW. Unlike hot gas defrost, ambient air defrost does not give rise to condensate return to the intercooler during defrost. This potentially enables a re-design of the intercooler and elimination of a significant reservoir of liquid refrigerant. This translates into further NH3 inventory reductions. However, ambient air defrost is not always practical.

Another defrost method that also eliminates condensate return is secondary loop defrost with phase change. Figure 4 shows the laboratory testing facility.

The defrost method requires evaporators with two circuits – one for the refrigerant and a second circuit for the defrost fluid. The defrost fluid is a harmless gas – typically an A1 flammability category refrigerant.

The defrost fluid is vapourised using low temperature (7-15°C), low grade waste heat. The fluid enters the defrost circuit in the evaporator in vapour form where it condenses.

The evaporation and condensation of the defrost fluid continues as a thermosiphon process until the evaporator is defrosted. At this point condensation of the defrost fluid in the defrost loop ceases and the thermosiphon process self-terminates.

Field testing of the secondary loop defrost is expected first quarter of 2018. The operating principle has been proven in the laboratory. This defrost method has the potential to reduce the NH3 inventory in central low charge plants by a factor of three.

Fig. 3. Induced draught evaporators with ambient air defrost.

CLIMATE CONTROL NEWS FEBRUARY 2018

35

Natural Refrigerants

In systems with conventional closed coil flash intercoolers, it is customary to combine this with a gravity flooded NH3/glycol heat exchanger to service medium temperature areas where the occupancy class is such that ammonia cannot be used.

A re-designed intercooler where the liquid reservoir has been reduced or eliminated, requires an NH3/glycol heat exchanger with dry expansion refrigerant feed. An example of a semi-welded cassette plate heat exchanger with dry expansion refrigerant feed is shown in Figure 5 – electronic expansion valve circled.

“THE APPLICATION OF AMBIENT AIR DEFROST IN FORCED OR INDUCED DRAUGHT EVAPORATORS IS VERY RARE.” TOP: Fig. 5. Semi-welded cassette NH3/glycol plate heat exchanger with dry expansion feed.

LEFT: Award winning energy efficiency expert and managing director of Scantec Refrigeration, Stefan Jensen.

- SCANTEC REFRIGERATION MANAGING DIRECTOR, STEFAN JENSEN

This heat exchanger and the associated control system have operated successfully for more than 12 months. The glycol loop services a meat processing area as well the office air conditioning. As such the facility is completely HFC free.

Several other new developments pertaining to low charge NH3 applications are in progress.

One such development is low charge, large scale plate freezers for the meat industry – new or retrofitted. Another is low charge NH3 carcass chillers for abattoirs. Both have the potential to greatly improve operator safety. ✺

Self contained Cascade system THE BITZER COBALT unit is a self-contained small capacity DX R744 (CO2) Cascade low temperature system.

Perfect for small to medium low temperature applications, the Cobalt offers a reliable interim capital equipment solution for small close coupled systems. The Cobalt is also the perfect entry level CO2 product for contractors with multiple compressor configuration options which range from single compressor to dual compressor. It could be configured to add additional capacity stages or provide 100 per cent redundancy.

When plant room space is limited or its location presents significant installation complexity, the Cobalt condensing unit can be located at the fixture providing flexibility for installation, service and maintenance.

The unit is designed to be close coupled to the evaporator and connected to a high side medium temperature condensing system (DX or glycol). It has been designed with a low

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CLIMATECONTROLNEWS.COM.AU

height and small footprint, making it perfect to fit into tight spaces, such as above freezer rooms or cabinets. The BITZER Semi Hermetic reciprocating compressors for CO2 are the heart of BITZER Australia's CO2 natural refrigerant equipment range. The Cobalt range is available with nominal capacity from 2.5kW (with single comp) through to 20kW (dual compressor option).

The BITZER SL compressor series is characterised by high energy efficiency, extended application limits up to a higher condensing temperature, and a permitted standstill pressures of 53(HP)/32(LP) bar.

When coupled with BITZER's ME series CO2 compressor, the applica-

tion limits can be further extended with up to 100Bar standstill pressures and higher condensing pressures.

With a generous liquid receiver and customisations available including an electrical and control panel, the Cobalt offers a CO2 solution in a compact footprint. For more information, call 1300 BITZER or visit www.bitzer.com.au. ✺ BITZER's Cobalt unit is the ideal entry level product for contractors with multiple compressor configuration options.

Natural Refrigerants

A well crafted Engas charged cool room THE DUVEL INTERNATIONAL TRADING (CHINA) LIMITED RELIES ON ITS 2,633 SQUARE METRE COOL ROOM TO STORE IMPORTED BELGIAN AND AMERICAN CRAFT BEERS, AT A CONTROLLED TEMPERATURE OF 10ยบC.

THE COOL ROOM in Northern Shanghai has 12 high level direct expansion evaporators mounted throughout the area to offer balanced cooling throughout the room.

Each evaporator has a cooling capacity of 108 kilowatts. Externally is a twin compressor rack system, incorporating two Hanbell screw compressors, liquid receiver, suction accumulator and oil separator. The system was designed and installed by Shanghai Lan'Ge Refrigeration Company Limited.

The rack system is directly connected to a three-stage (1 Fan, 2 Fans, 3 Water) hybrid evaporative condenser and the total design capacity of the system is 1280kw.

Controls are an electronic digital electric

configuration which is installed within the controlled space. An isolation room was built to enclose the panels to reduce and eliminate the possibility of corrosion and or faulty connections due to condensation. It also eliminated the very small potential of the refrigerant entering the control panel cabinet in the event of a leak.

Again, to eliminate any risk should there be a refrigerant leak, 30 hydrocarbon refrigerant safety sensors were installed at low level, and wired back to the control panel, and wired in such a way that should one, or more sensors alarm, the liquid line solenoid closes, the unit pumps down, and isolates all the refrigerant in the external units (rack system and condenser).

While the sensors normally operate on mains electricity, they also have an inbuilt (rechargeable) battery back-up, an audible alarm and a level indicator.

Once the system was fully installed by the main contractor, the system was then triple stage vacuumed to remove any non condensables and moisture, then filled with a holding charge of dry nitrogen to a static pressure of 150psi.

During the pressure test period, one leak on the oil separator was identified, the faulty valve was isolated, the controlled area was vacuumed, and then the holding charge of dry nitrogen was returned to 150psi. All pipework was inspected and tested for leaks. No further leaks were found, and the pressure of the nitrogen charge did not drop.

The system was then charged with ENGAS M50 hydrocarbon refrigerant. As this was a 'clean' hydrocarbon refrigerant installation, there was no 'before' data for comparison.

However, the Shanghai Lan'Ge Refrigeration Company, who have vast experience in the design, build and installation of these systems, normal conditions see the running current (for two compressors) at 2 x 250 amps average. The maximum continuous running current for the system is 2 x 310 amps.

The voltage is 380/3/50 Hz. When running on Engas M50 refrigerant, all the pressures and temperatures are normal and the typical average running current is 2 x 181 amps. That represents a 27.80 per cent reduction in power consumption. โ บ ABOVE: A twin compressor rack system, incorporating two Hanbell screw compressors, liquid receiver, suction accumulator and oil separator.

CLOCKWISE FROM FAR LEFT: The Cool room measures 2,633 square metres and is 8.1 metres high.

Direct expansion evaporators are mounted throughout the room for balanced cooling.

The system was charged with ENGAS M50 hydrocarbon refrigerant.

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CLIMATECONTROLNEWS.COM.AU

Natural Refrigerants

Future of refrigeration WITH 46 YEARS of history and a presence in more than 80 countries around the world, Embraco is a well established cooling specialist with particular expertise in natural refrigerants.

Embraco has been using natural refrigerants in its solutions portfolio, which covers commercial and household applications, for more than 20 years.

Attentive to market demands, the company believes that these fluids represent the future of refrigeration by sustainably aligning economic and environmental needs. That's because these refrigerants reduce the negative effects on the ozone layer, greenhouse effects and improve the equipment's energy efficiency.

Natural refrigerants are naturally occurring substances such as hydrocarbons (R-290, R600a), CO2, ammonia, water and air.

Hydrocarbons, specifically, are very energy efficient gases that have zero ozone depleting characteristics, ultra-low global warming impact and provide a low cost refrigerant option.

These fluids have no refrigerant glide, which provide an easier evaporator design. They are perfect for self-contained equipment, including household refrigerators and freezers, small ice

makers, commercial kitchens, medical freezers and refrigerators, water coolers, vending machines and bottle coolers.

These substances can be used as cooling agents (heat transfer medium) in refrigeration systems and provide significant compressor performance improvements. R-290 efficiency reaches up to 2.05 W/W and at least 2.7 million HFCfree light-commercial refrigeration appliances already exist worldwide.

Other benefits of R-290 and R-600a include: no liquid return issues, no refrigerant glide, low refrigerant charge as well as being an established technology.

The use of natural refrigerants with low GWP is on the agenda worldwide. Embraco reinforces its commitment to global sustainability by offering a full range of high efficiency compressors for light commercial applications utilising Propane (R-290) as a refrigerant.

Propane brings lower noise levels and also provides significant gains in system efficiency. Last year Embraco presented a Position Paper with long term, and transition period recommendations based on extended testing of various low GWP solutions to determine suitable non-flam-

Engas M10 Suitable for replacement of all R600a refrigerators and freezers.

Engas M40

Hydrocarbon Refrigerants Technical support and application engineering advice available for the safe use and correct application of all Engas products.

Pure hydrocarbon refrigerant replacement R290 and R22.

mable, synthetic alternatives to R404A and R134a. One of the company's goals is to offer the best refrigeration solutions for its customers and educate the market on their use.

While safe and non-toxic, there are some concerns regarding the flammability of R290 and R600a. Flammability risk, however, is very low.

In fact, most household and light commercial applications refrigerant charges are equivalent to the charge of a handful of lighters. Due to some safety concerns, rules on how to design and maintain equipment using these gases have already been very well established. Additionally, manufacturing companies and industry organisations have been working diligently to make sure technicians are trained to safely handle these refrigerants and service equipment that use hydrocarbons.

Hydrocarbons represent the best and long term solution for low and medium pressure. Totaline Australia supports Embraco's position and products and is offering its hydrocarbon compressors to the Australian market. Together, Totaline Australia and Embraco are working towards a cleaner and greener environment for future generations to come. âœş

Engas M20 Special purpose hydrocarbon refrigerant specifically designed to replace R32.

Engas M50 Suitable replacement for R22, R502, R404a, R407c and R507c.

Engas M30 Designed as a direct replacement for R12 and R134a.

Engas M60 Special purpose hydrocarbon refrigerant specifically designed to replace 410a.

1300 463 642

www.engas.com.au CLIMATE CONTROL NEWS  FEBRUARY 2018

39

CO2 leak detection in refrigeration applications WITH CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2) BEING USED IN MORE COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS, BACHARACH'S PRODUCT MANAGER OF FIXED INSTRUMENTATION, TOM BURNISTON, EXPLAINS WHY IT IS IMPORTANT TO EMPLOY LEAK DETECTIONS SYSTEMS TO ENHANCE THE SAFETY OF THOSE WORKING IN REFRIGERATED SPACES.

W

HILE CO2 IS less environmentally harmful than other gases, it can be dangerous in sufficient volumes so care should be taken in selecting an effective solution with an appropriate response time and operating temperature.

With gases such as R-404A beginning to be phased out, CO2 is becoming an attractive option for a wide range of applications. At the same time manufacturers continue to develop a growing range of ever more efficient and costeffective CO2 refrigeration system options, enabling wider adoption.

Typical figures stipulated for CO2 exposure

by OSHA are: 5,000 ppm – Occupational Exposure Limit (OEL)

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40,000 ppm – Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH) Refrigerant safety standards, including EN 378-1:2016 and ASHRAE 34- 2013, include these exposure levels to determine the safety of a refrigerant system and the cases in which refrigerant leak detection is mandated. These use-cases will typically include refrigerant detection in machinery rooms and other refrigerated spaces including cold rooms and walk-in freezers.

Where larger refrigerant charge sizes are used, the potential for mandated refrigerant leak detection in larger spaces, such as storage freezers, is increased. As with all refrigeration systems, over time there is the potential for leaks to occur.

Causes can include improper maintenance, mechanical wear, inadvertent damage or im-

proper installation. With pressurised systems, these factors can contribute to a significantly higher risk of leaks. Due to design requirements, CO2 refrigeration systems typically operate at high pressures; subcritical or transcritical system pressure ratings often operate in excess of 2,000 PSI. These high pressure ranges mean that in the event of a major CO2 leak, the gas can escape into a space at very high leak rates.

RESPONSE TIME CO2 is monitored in a wide variety of applications, including indoor air quality (IAQ), occupational workplaces and refrigeration applications.

However, it should be noted that not all CO2 monitoring devices are suitable for leak detection in refrigeration applications.

Two key factors that should be considered when looking for a suitable CO2 leak detector relative to the applicable application are response time and operating temperature.

The rate at which CO2 can leak and create a dangerous environment makes response time a critical factor in delivering effective CO2 leak detection.

Instruments suited for monitoring of gradual changes in the atmospheric CO2 level, such as

Safety

FAR LEFT: CO2 is increasingly being used as a refrigerant for cold rooms, walk-in freezers and industrial cold storage.

IMMEDIATE LEFT: Safety is critical for those working in refrigerated spaces.

SETTING AN EXAMPLE

used in IAQ applications, may not be suitable for leak detection purposes where a fast response is needed to ensure that a dangerous working environment is not created and/or entered. It should be advocated to review both the stated response time of the sensor being used in a leak detector and, most importantly, the response time of the instrument.

Different instrument designs can affect how quickly gas can diffuse into a CO2 sensor. For example, a sensor can be directly presented to the atmosphere being monitored, thereby helping deliver a fast response time, or the gas may

"TWO KEY FACTORS THAT SHOULD BE CONSIDERED WHEN LOOKING FOR A SUITABLE CO2 LEAK DETECTOR ARE RESPONSE TIME AND OPERATING TEMPERATURE." - TOM BURNISTON, BACHARACH'S PRODUCT MANAGER OF FIXED INSTRUMENTATION.

need to diffuse down a capillary tube to enter the sensor which would significantly increase the response time of the instrument and negate the stated response time of the sensor itself. It is imperative that the gas detector response time is appropriate for the designated application to

provide the benefit of its intended use.

Operating temperature is also a key factor in selecting an appropriate CO2 leak detector for a refrigeration application. There are comparatively few CO2 sensors available on the market that are specified for use at temperatures lower than 0°C / 32°F with response times required for effective use in the refrigerant gas detection applications.

As the use of CO2 in refrigeration continues to grow, it becomes imperative to ensure that sensors appropriate for use in low temperature environments are used by instrument manufacturers whose products are intended for leak detection in refrigerated spaces.

Fundamentally, it can't be determined what behaviour a sensor would exhibit if run outside of its specified operating range without test data, as each sensor may behave differently. What can be stated is that any reading could be invalid and the device behaviour could be undefined.

At best, the sensor may be inoperable and a fault detected. At worst an invalid or inaccurate reading may be provided. It could be argued that a sensor operating outside of its designed specifications is less useful than none at all, as it may provide false confidence the gas level is being accurately monitored and its benefit of installation and use is nullified, creating risk of exposure.

Bacharach, Inc. has over 100 years' experience as a global leader in the design and manufacture of gas detection systems for HVAC-R applications, helping to make industries safer, cleaner, and more energy efficient. Visit us at www.mybacharach.com for additional information. ✺

Taking an example of a walk-in cold room/freezer with a room volume of 1,000 ft3 / 28.3 m3 and a typical rate of one air exchange per hour, the following can be determined: A leak of CO2 at a rate of 7.5lb/hour, or 3.4kg/hour, will create an atmosphere containing 5,240 ppm of CO2 in just five minutes. This surpasses the OEL and reaches a level to which workers should not be exposed.

A leak of CO2 at a higher rate of 1lb/ minute, or 454g/minute, will create an atmosphere containing 41,920 ppm of CO2 in just five minutes. This surpasses the IDLH level, and would be highly and immediately dangerous to personnel entering the space. These theoretical examples show that CO2 leaks in refrigerated spaces have the potential to become dangerous very quickly. Effective CO2 leak detection can be an essential tool in maintaining a safe environment.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR Tom Burniston is Bacharach’s product manager of fixed instrumentation. He has over 12 years’ experience in international technical sales, channel and product management and strategic planning in gas detection. With experiences in industries such as refrigeration, oil and gas, landfill and biogas, Burniston is experienced in new product and market development, product positioning and in aligning products with industry standards and best practices. He is a graduate of the University of Leicester and resides in the United Kingdom.

CLIMATE CONTROL NEWS FEBRUARY 2018

41

Safety Feature

The report found that working at heights presents fall hazards for technicians.

Access problems creating safety issues for technicians THE PROBLEM OF SAFE ACCESS TO HVACR EQUIPMENT HAS BEEN HIGHLIGHTED IN A SAFETY REPORT PREPARED BY THE AUSTRALIAN INSTITUTE OF REFRIGERATION, AIR CONDITIONING AND HEATING (AIRAH).

ACCESS PROBLEMS ARE creating safety issues when servicing and repairing systems. This includes accessing plant on roofs and in roof spaces (e.g., condensing units), in ceiling spaces (e.g,. fan coil units) and in plantrooms and plant cupboards.

The report found the plant is often (commonly) installed in inaccessible positions increasing risks for the service person.

"Working at heights presents fall hazards and appropriate safety solutions are often not provided or the solutions that are provided are inadequate and not used correctly," the report said.

"This is predominately related to rooftop and high wall installations but also mezzanine plantrooms in warehousing." Access is often compromised because "ladders are cheaper than steps".

Another problem is inadequate access panels into ceiling spaces requiring dangerous ladder-based work.

"Lack of access to roof-mounted or high-wall plant requires scissors lift or scaffolding. Safety risks are imposed on service personnel for the working life of the installation, simply through poor design choices," the report said.

The Safety in the HVACR Industry Report also found: Working in confined spaces is a common issue, particularly in difficult to access, poorly lit and unventilated plantrooms and plant enclosures; Poor lighting in service areas is another access

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CLIMATECONTROLNEWS.COM.AU

failing that can have serious safety implications for the HVAC&R technician.

Safe access is not simply about physical attributes such as steps, harness points and rails, but also includes environmental parameters such as ambient noise levels, lighting, air quality parameters and ventilation levels.

Access for HVAC&R maintenance must be provided as part of the National Construction Code (NCC) building certification process, making it a legal imperative although this is not understood by all stakeholders in the building supply chain.

The report attributes access problems to poor planning and poor integration of HVACR plant and equipment into the overall building design process.

"Rooftop mounted equipment that is also located too close to the roof edge for example, or multiple rooftop units installed independently and without consideration of each other leading to erratic and hazardous electrical wiring and refrigerant piping distribution networks on the roof," it said.

In response to the report findings, AIRAH is preparing a HVACR Industry Safety Strategy to create a clear vision and direction to improve safety in the HVACR industry.

The report recommends awareness raising, harmonising of existing licensing and

registration regulations and more regulatory enforcement.

AIRAH is also working on a combined industry/government workshop as part of its strategy to be attended by designers, installers, equipment owners, facility managers and maintenance service providers.

The report also recommends sign-off for all new and modified RAC systems on the final install. It should be the same level of certification that is required for plumbing and electrical installations.

RAC system owners and operators need to be aware of the impact that the quality of a RAC installation can have on safety and life-time performance levels.

More training is also required for refrigeration technicians on new refrigerants, safety procedures for installation and maintenance including short courses and seminars.

To address access issues, designers and in-

"TO ADDRESS ACCESS ISSUES DESIGNERS AND INSTALLERS NEED TO CONSIDER AND ALLOW FOR FUTURE ACCESS IN THEIR DESIGNS." - AIRAH SAFETY REPORT.

stallers need to consider and allow for future access in their designs. This is a requirement of legislation and should be addressed by a mandatory pre-construction review step to assess access arrangements.

"Access reviews for buildings and facilities should be integrated into project management to detect issues early in the design phase," the report recommends.

"Trades people need to be empowered to require that either the job is made safe or they can refuse to undertake the work until the risks are mitigated." âœş

Rooftop access is another problem with poor design adding to safety concerns.

Safety Feature

Mandatory testing for cooling towers THE NSW GOVERNMENT introduced mandatory monthly testing for all cooling tower systems last month.

The new laws officially began on January 1, 2018 impacting more than 6,000 cooling towers across the state.

Previously, cooling tower owners in NSW were not required to test for Legionella or HCC – which made the maintenance regime in NSW quite different to other jurisdictions.

Hydrochem CEO, Nick Duncan, said the majority of cooling tower owners conduct some HCC and Legionella testing – although it may not be monthly.

In addition to monthly testing, cooling tower

owners must report test results that exceed 1,000 CFU/mL Legionella or 5,000,000 CFU/mL HCC to the local government authority where the tower is installed.

Duncan said these changes are two of the six recommended improvements to the existing regulations made by the Expert Panel and Legionella Steering Committee established by NSW Health in July 2016.

He said NSW Health was keen to implement part of the

Hydrochem CEO, Nick Duncan.

new framework prior to the start of 2018 and to get stakeholders on board as quickly as possible.

"Our team worked closely with our client base to get this significant change up and running in recent months," Duncan said.

With increased testing, Duncan said there could be an increase in high results being recorded.

Under the new law, results greater than 100,000 CFU/mL require remedial action as soon as practicable.

With Legionella, results greater than 10 CFU/ mL will also require remedial action as soon as practicable.

The remaining recommendations of the Expert Panel and Legionella Steering Committee are yet to be introduced with NSW Health still finalising the details. The recommendations include: • Risk Management Plans developed for each cooling tower system • Independent auditing conducted every year • Certificate of RMP completion and audit completion lodged with Local Government • Unique identification number to be displayed on every cooling tower. ✺

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New products

CyberHandler 2 combines free cooling, adiabatic cooling and mechanical chilling in one container.

Units designed for increased power densities THE CYBERHANDLER 2 series is used for air conditioning everything from data centres to hotels, from commercial buildings to industrial sites.

As power densities increase, a new design factor is coming to the fore - precision air conditioning solutions. Air handling units (AHU) incorporate all the air conditioning equipment of a data centre in one outdoor container, therefore creating more space for productive IT systems inside the actual server area. STULZ introduced its first air handling system back in 2015. With the CyberHandler 2, the specialist for reliable air conditioning solutions is now launching a comprehensively redesigned successor.

The CyberHandler 2 series includes eleven output ratings from 30 to 520 kW. It combines free cooling, adiabatic cooling and mechanical chilling in one sealed outdoor container. The choice of chilling methods includes chilled water coils, scroll compressors or a redundant DX system with external condenser. If high availability is required, a fully weather-independent air conditioning system with a high level of redundancy can be designed, and can work in mixed mode for great energy efficiency.

One of the key new features of this series is the optimized dual brazed plate heat exchanger. This improves the mean efficiency of the overall system, enabling a larger distance be-

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Easier access to spare parts BITZER HAS MADE it even easier for users to find the right spare parts for refrigeration systems.

The compressor specialist has tailored its proven spare parts software to users’ specific requirements.

“We’ve strengthened BITZER EPARTS and completely redesigned it, all the while making one thought the focus of our work: customer benefit,” according to Philippe Maratuech, the company's director of services and after-sales.

“Our customers should be able to quickly and easily find the spare part they need. That’s part of BITZER’s global quality standard, which is why we’ve incorporated lots of new functions and optimised existing ones, including regular updating of the integrated data. As a result, users can now always rest assured that current BITZER solutions are also represented in the system.”

The head of the spare parts department, Stefan Rapp, said clear identification of spare parts via EPARTS has shortened the time span to delivery.

“We contwinue to expand our warehouses globally and thus ensure high availability. Besides that, our logistic partners allow for fast door-to-door deliveries,” he said.

BITZER’s new EPARTS spare parts software is available to all users free of charge – for the time being in German, English and French.

EPARTS is thus the ideal complement to the BITZER Electronics Service Tool (BEST) software, which makes it possible to operate all BITZER IQ products and software to tailor systems to individual needs. In order to take advantage of the full range of services of BITZER EPARTS, customers simply apply for activation at login@bitzer.de following registration.

EPARTS has been completely redesigned.

tween flaps which reduces air-side pressure drops, and slashes the average energy consumption of the fan units. Another new feature is the design of the brazed plate heat exchanger module and the floor pan of the filtering section. In the new series, both these areas are made entirely of stainless steel.

Like its predecessor, the CyberHandler 2 saves energy through free cooling. As the air conduction is indirect, no contaminated outside air gets into the data centre, and filter systems also have less to deal with. When combined with an adiabatic module, the runtimes of high-consumption mechanical chilling can be cut to a minimum. Up to 70% energy savings can be achieved compared

with pure DX cooling. The overall more simple installation of electrical distribution boards and pipework also brings cost advantages. Simply by reducing the electrical infrastructure, possible CAPEX savings of 6 to 8% can be achieved, depending on project conditions, compared with air conditioning solutions with traditional closedcircuit air conditioning technology.

With the CyberHandler 2 Select, planners and refrigeration specialists can now obtain powerful configuration software for STULZ's new series of air handling units. This software helps with project planning and the selection of AHU systems, and facilitates tender preparation.

Visit www.stulz.com.au

New products

York YZ chiller optimized for high performance JOHNSON CONTROLS HAS launched the York YZ magnetic bearing centrifugal chiller, the first chiller fully optimized for ultimate performance with a next generation low-global warming potential (GWP) refrigerant – R1233zd(E).

Chosen for its efficiency, safety, availability, low environmental impact and cost, nonflammable R-1233zd(E) has an ultra-low GWP of 1 and is readily available from refrigerant manufacturers. Speaking at the launch, the vice president of Chiller Solutions, Building Technologies & Solutions at Johnson Controls, Laura Wand, said the company has a long history of leading the industry in chiller innovations.

“With the new YORK YZ, we have engineered the world’s most efficient low-GWP line of centrifugal chillers,” Wand said. “Our broad range cooling capacity will serve our customers’ many diverse application needs.”

She said Johnson Controls used a holistic approach to system design and engineering, optimizing every component around a carefully selected next generation refrigerant for ultimate performance. The YORK YZ chiller uses an integral, variable speed drive and advanced magnetic bearing technology that features a single moving assembly suspended in a magnetic field that does not require lubrication.

This technology requires 80 per cent fewer moving parts than traditional oil- or refrigerant-lubricated drivelines. “The result is enhanced reliability, reduced maintenance and improved efficiency. Compared to traditional fixed-speed oil-bearing chillers, the YZ delivers up to 35 per cent annual energy savings,” Wand said.

The YORK YZ chiller uses an optimized single stage design to provide industryleading real-world energy efficiency.

The YZ chiller can deliver significant energy savings and lower operating costs by taking advantage of the off-design conditions where chillers operate 99 per cent of the time. The YZ operates with entering condenser water temperature as low as 40°F (4.5°C), providing enhanced performance in every operating condition and the widest operating envelope in the industry. The YORK YZ uses an optimized single stage design to provide industry-leading real-world energy efficiency, the company said.

The chiller can also operate with condenser temperatures below the evaporator temperatures, eliminating the need for a water-side economizer, which simplifies the system, requires less mechanical room space and saves money on components, piping, controls and maintenance, according to Bill Jackson, president of Global Products, Building Technologies & Solutions at Johnson Controls.

“We continue to deliver industry-leading chill-

er options that best meet the needs of our current and continually expanding customer base around the world,” Jackson said.“The YZ is another fantastic platform system that equips our customers with environmentally friendly performance in an optimized solution. Thank you to our YORK Chiller team for leading the way.”

“The YZ chiller brings together groundbreaking YORK innovations refined over decades of real-world use to create a revolution in chiller design and optimization. It represents a solution from the chiller experts, who like to think of the YORK YZ chiller as tomorrow’s chiller, available today.”

For details visit www.YORK.com/Next.

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New products

New remote monitoring service for air conditioning MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES Thermal Systems Ltd has launched “M-ACCESS”, a new service enabling energy-saving control of airconditioning (A/C) equipment through Internetbased remote monitoring of equipment.

By monitoring A/C systems around-theclock 365 days a year and providing optimal control of energy usage, M-ACCESS will support total management of commercial businesses and office buildings.

M-ACCESS is a remote monitoring system that adopts cloud gateway technology to enable

centralized management of A/C equipment at multiple off-site locations using IoT. The status of A/C systems can be easily monitored and adjusted remotely using an Internetconnected PC or tablet. M-ACCESS offers versatile connectivity to a variety of A/C systems.

Besides multi A/C systems in office buildings, for example, M-ACCESS can be connected to commercial-use package air-conditioners, residential-use air-conditioners, and also heating systems.

M-ACCESS's features include new energysaving functions, such as temperature setting shift and operation mode change, as well as a signage function(1) aimed at raising energy conservation awareness by displaying showing power consumption volume.

An energy consumption optimization funcM-ACCESS offers versatile connectivity to a variety of A/C systems. tion is also included

which uses preset annual consumption volume and weather forecast data; this function achieves finely balanced energy management throughout an entire building.

A system is also currently under development to use data analysis to enable advance detection of any irregularities in A/C equipment operation and avert sudden malfunctions.

This function will improve performance, extend product service life, and reduce lifecycle costs. In the event of a malfunction, the system will swiftly send notification by email to both the user and MHI Thermal Systems' service base.

This will enable a speedy response, leading to shorter recovery time.

Going forward, MHI Thermal Systems will continue to develop air-conditioning products to meet the market's robust needs for outstanding energy savings, easy operation and ambient comfort.

All resources will be focused on providing optimal solutions in comfortable air-conditioning.

Headquartered in Tokyo, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. (MHI), is one of the world's leading industrial firms.

Trend-setting WiFi modules THE GÜNTNER COMMUNICATION Modules optionally available for controllers Güntner Motor Management (GMM) and Güntner Hydro Management (GHM) controllers have been complemented by trend-setting, in-house developed industrial Ethernet communication protocols.

The recently developed communication protocols complement the classic, well-proven fieldbus technology.

The communication modules can be considered the interpreters ensuring the communication between controllers and superordinate systems.

In other words, the GCM WiFi Module connects the control unit GMM EC to a WiFi or LAN network.

The control unit allows for reading individual parameters from the control unit and for changing parameters.

Due to increasing demands on the capacity of transfer technology, the "interpreters" had to learn

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additional "languages": Industrial Ethernet protocols such as BACnet/IP and Modbus/TCP have become a standard in refrigeration engineering.

Thanks to the development and introduction of the BACnet/IP and Modbus/TCP communication protocols, the WiFi Modules for the GMM and GHM controllers meet all the requirements placed on today's refrigeration engineering. Previous models can also be equipped with the new communication protocols via a software update.

Additional settings regarding BACnet, Modbus and the IP address can now be made via the tried and tested web browser mode. For instance, the bus communication Modbus/BACnet and its specific settings can be activated via the "settings" menu item.

What's more, users can define the IP address as static or dynamic (DHCP – Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) via LAN configuration.

It goes without saying that the previous func-

tions of the GCM WiFi Module are also available when using the BACnet/IP and Modbus/ TCP communication protocols. In addition to the bus communication, users can also access unit information and settings using an app, a web browser and the remote access when connected via a VPN tunnel.

GCM WiFi modules complement the wellproven fieldbus technology.

Product Focus

Energy storage systems put to the test THE GENERAL MANAGER OF POWER EQUALITY AT EATON A/NZ, JOHN ATHERTON, PUTS ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS TO THE TEST AND IDENTIFIES SOME SERIOUS INEFFICIENCIES, AND SOLUTIONS.

CLIMATE CHANGE, RISING energy prices and finite fossil fuel resources make the switch to renewable energy a priority worldwide and in Australia.

According to the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC), electricity prices are up by more than 65 per cent over the last decade, and the average annual household bill has gone up from $1,177 in 2007/08 to $1,691 in 2016/17.

That's a rise of almost 44 per cent.

This is probably why Australia is a world leader in the take-up of solar panels at household level. The popularity of solar panels has in turn led to the indirect creation of a decentralised energy model.

Household solar panels have created greater generation of power, and individuals are actually able to feed their created energy back into the grid. But it comes laden with inefficiencies; energy is being generated, but it's then being fed into the grid at times when it's not needed, and subsequently lost. This defeats the point of using renewable energy sources in the first place.

With a wide spectrum of renewable energy power solutions available from solar power, wind power and hybrid power solutions, home energy storage has emerged as a potential solution. En-

ergy storage gives businesses and consumers the power of choice to optimise their energy costs and provide them with flexibility for the future.

We are already seeing advanced aggregators working with businesses to educate and inform them on the extra money to be made while supporting the transition to a smarter, environmentally-friendly energy grid.

Automotive leader Nissan and power management leader Eaton, joined forces last year to unveil a new residential energy storage unit in the UK – designed to be the most affordable in the market today.

Known as xStorage, Eaton's energy storage solution allows homes and businesses access to safe, reliable and efficient power management, giving them the power to control how and when they use energy.

Eaton's agreement with Nissan allows John Atherton, general manager – batteries to be repurposed for residential Power Quality, Eaton A/NZ. and enterprise storage

applications after their usable life in vehicles has expired.

This will help solve the burden Lithium batteries will place on the environment being disposed of on-mass in the future. Central to the agreement is Eaton's technology and experience in critical backup energy storage applications which allows it to safely and economically repackage the used Nissan batteries from vehicles for reliable use in the energy storage market.

Connected to residential power supply or renewable energy sources such as solar panels, the unit can save customers money on their utility bills by charging up when renewable energy is available or energy is cheaper (e.g., during the night) and releasing that stored energy when demand and costs are high. If a home is equipped with solar technology, this means that consumers can power their homes using clean energy stored in their xStorage system, and be rewarded financially for doing so by avoiding expensive daytime energy tariffs.

The home energy storage system also provides the ultimate back-up solution to consumers, ensuring that the lights never go out – increasingly important in a time when energy grids are coming under enormous strain.

It's easy to see for many businesses how storage technology could work as part of a company's overall power quality strategy into the future. Healthcare, telecoms and finance are three industries that must maintain continuous, high quality power flow at all times, and so the case for investment becomes almost self-explanatory.

For other businesses, it's about making efficient gains for the real estate they have to ensure the viability and innovation energy storage could bring to their business, particularly where their business models are looking at digital connectivity or the Internet of Things. ✺ CLIMATE CONTROL NEWS FEBRUARY 2018

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Temperature Gauge

AUSTRALIA NEEDS TO TRANSITION TO CLEAN ENERGY TO OVERCOME RISING ENERGY PRICES AND INCONSISTENCIES FROM THE POWER GRID. STEPHEN YOUNG PROVIDES A FIRST HAND ACCOUNT OF HIS MOVE TO A RENEWABLE ENERGY SOLUTION.

Making the switch to clean energy FEDERAL AND STATE governments are not doing enough to deal with Australia's energy problems so I put my money where my mouth is and embraced alternative technology for my own home in Thirroul, NSW. Going off the grid completely in the suburbs isn't a viable option as I would need to install a back-up system including a diesel generator. In the suburbs where the grid is available, this just becomes a more expensive option. It would make sense for a remote location where I would otherwise need to have poles and wires set up.

Governments are not doing a good job on a neighbourhood and state scale when it comes to renewable energy.

So, I started from scratch. I wanted solar panels installed and asked around for an installer. I had 3kwh put up on the roof and, based on my research, it seemed too early to install batteries but I reconsidered based on feedback from my installer and distributor. I was told that Reposit Power had a "game-changing solution" that could use software and algorithms, along with data and weather predictions, for smart battery management. I conducted further research and

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found that growth in energy solutions and battery technology has been substantial, and installations are expected to triple over the next 12 months with additional functionality being provided by companies and their technology partners. I now had to find the right battery for my needs.

I was given a couple of options – Tesla and LG Chem. Given its popularity, I was interested in the Tesla solution. However, I know of three people who have gone into deals with them when Tesla wasn't ready with their support infrastructure as yet. Additionally, Tesla units are not compatible with the Reposit software, which was a key factor in my decision. LG Chem, on the other hand, is a well-known company with battery options that could be used immediately with Reposit. It was a simple decision and I had the system installed with minimal fuss.

With the Reposit and LG Chem solution, I was able to get added functionality which gives me a holistic view of my energy usage and allows me to not only save money and power. It also helps me to generate an income by selling stored energy back to the grid at wholesale rates.

Now, many people approach a renewable energy solution purely from a commercial perspective. This isn't the best approach. It's like installing a pool which doesn't involve a cost-benefits analysis. Installing a battery is similar, it is a capital improvement although it does save more money than a pool.

The Reposit app is also very handy – I can look up whatever is happening with my energy at any time. I can see the power level in the battery, power being used, power being drawn from the grid, solar power going into the battery, where I am using the most energy and so on. It's made me more conscious of my energy usage while also giving me the peace of mind that I'm not going to receive astronomical power bills.

Best of all, my power is not time-critical – the battery provides power through the night.

As far as I can see, this is the way the world, and Australia especially, needs to be moving.

Climate change isn't fake news, it is happening now and it is happening faster than we can fully comprehend. Australia needs to transition to sustainable, clean energy as quickly as possible but till then, we can all do our part. ✺ ABOUT THE AUTHOR Stephen Young is a former software engineer with a degree in Economics and Accounting from Australian National University, Canberra. A volunteer firefighter, Young retired in 2015 and since then has been actively involved in campaigning to accelerate the uptake of renewable technology in Australia in a bid to tackle climate change.