Project Research+Investigation DESIGN STUDIO 2 yahui He N0820175
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The Research of Attenborough Nature Reserve
SIPS construction system research
Case study
Timber stru
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Existing module systems of building
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Bibliography
Attenborough Nature Reserve is a nature reserve at Attenborough, Nottinghamshire, England, located 4.3 mi (7 km) south west of Nottingham city centre. It is managed by Nottinghamshire Wildlife Trust, in partnership with the site's owners Cemex, (formerly RMC Group), supported by Broxtowe Borough Council. At its centre is a building called Attenborough Nature Centre. Location NG9 6DY Barton Lane Attenborough, Nottingham Nottinghamshire
When to visit
Opening times Nature reserve: 7am until dusk daily. Welcome to 8am - 4pm; weekends Visitor Centre: Weekdays and Attenborough bank holidays 8am - 4pm.Nature Reserve Best time to visit All year round. Seasonal highlights include Butterflies (inc. brown argus) in Spring, Sand martins in Summer and Starling murmurations in Winter.
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Attenborough Nature Reserve was established in 1966 and opened by Sir David Attenborough. The reserve is best known for its birds. The area is an important site for winter wildfowl and often holds a high proportion of the county's shoveler and diving ducks, with larger numbers of mallard, teal, and occasionally wigeon. Scarcer wildfowl such as sawbills and sea ducks are recorded regularly and cormorants are common. All the British grebes have been recorded. In the spring and autumn, many migrants birds pass through and the Delta area attracts a wide range of waders in small numbers including the iconic bittern. Species found include Sand Martins, Bitterns, Kingfishers, Cormorants, Great Crested Grebes, Reed & Sedge Warblers, Shelducks, Terns, Shovelers, Widgeon, Sawbills, Sea Ducks, Otters, Bats, Butterflies, Dragonflies, Voles, Shrews and Harvest Mice.
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Know before you go Size: 205 hectares Entry fee: Free access Parking information: Parking donations accepted Grazing animals: Sheep and Cattle Walking trails There are many nature trails around the reserve including the Tufted duck route, the Skylark trail and the Kingfisher trail. This is a wheelchair friendly site. Access The Nature centre is open 8am-4pm. Access to the reserve is open at all times however the car park closes at dusk. There is disabled parking onsite and there are accessible trails around the reserve, that are suitable for pushchairs and wheelchairs. Access to some of the hides are also suitable for wheelchair users. Contact the Trust for more information. Dogs On a lead Dogs are allowed on the cafe balcony Facilities: Visitor centre Bird hides/Toilets/Shop/Cafe/refreshments/Picnic area/Disabled toilet/Baby changing facilities/Wifi
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CHRONOLOGY
1887 Born on 6 October in La-Chaux-de-Fonds (Switzerland).
1931 Completion of the Villa Savoye in Poissy. 1945 Finalisation of Le Corbusier’s Modulor, establishing architectural proportions based on the scale of the human body.
Designed in 1928 and made famous in 1965, LC4 is an epoch-making recliner designed for relaxation.
1965 Died on 27 August at Roquebrune-Cap-Martin (in the Alpes-Maritimes area of France).
LE CORBUSIER Charles-Edouard Jeanneret, known as Le Corbusier, who was Swiss-born, then acquired French nationality, was a complete artist: architect, urban planner, painter, sculptor and designer!
1931
Completion of the Villa Savoye in Poissy.
1945 Le Modulor (contraction de « module » et « nombre d’or »), notion architecturale inventée par Le Corbusier pour adapter les proportions de ses unités d’habitation à la morphologie humaine.
Le Corbusier combined the organisation of space with the use of carefully chosen colours, which reflect his main lines of thought: green: to adapt architecture to its environment and remain continually in touch with nature, yellow: architecture that develops with light, blue: constant contact with the space, red: Man is the driving force of his creation.
Cabanon de vacances The Cabanon de vacances is a vacation home designed and built by noted architect Le Corbusier in 1951. It is the only place the architect Le Corbusier built for himself which he used for vacation. In July 2016, the home and several other works by Le Corbusier were inscribed as the world's smallest UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Le Corbusier loved his summer home for its location. He drowned in the Mediterranean while staying at his beloved cabin.
For 18 years Le Corbusier spent every August at the cabin, built in 1951 in Roquebrune-Cap-Martin – a small enclave between Monaco and Manton on the south coast.
His most emblematic works include: 1. Villa Stotzer (La Chaux de Fonds, Switzerland, 1907) 2. Villa Savoye (Poissy, France, 1928) 3. CitĂŠ Radieuse (Marseille, France, 1945-1952) 4. National Museum of Western Art (Tokyo, Japan, 1957) 5. Chapel of Notre-Dame du Haut (Ronchamp, France, 1950-1955) 6. Palace of Assembly (Chandigarh, India, 1955) 1
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Project credits: Two gabled black cabins form summer retreat on an Estonian beach Architect: Hanna Karits Collaborators: Annes Arro, Mart Tamm Interior architect: Hanna Karits The two gabled forms sit on axis with one another, split in the middle by an area of decking that frames a view of the sea. A small hot tub has been set into the decking between the two buildings.
There is a slight step down between the dining and living area, and the ceiling of the mezzanine above the kitchen giving way to a double-height area beneath the pitched roof. Also in Estonia, KUU Arhitektid recently designed a timber summer house in the village of Muraste.
Two gabled black cabins form summer retreat on an Estonian beach Jon Astbury | 5 October 2019 4 comments Two gabled cabins with pitch-black exteriors form a holiday house on Matsi Beach in Estonia, built on the remains of a Soviet-era fishing village by architect Hanna Karits. The summer house sits on the seaside surrounded by old fishing sheds and the wooden skeletons of boats.
"In order to oppose the surroundings the houses were painted black," said Karits. "Spruce was used in combination with black stone for the roof and smoked ash for all the terraces."
"The views from the large glass facade open up along the beach towards an evening sunset whereas the fireplace positioned in front of the facade creates an intimate feeling at night," said Karits.
Internally, this appearance has been completely contrasted. Furniture and textiles emphasise the beach holiday vibe, with white painted birch lining walls and ceilings, pale wood furniture and fixings and stone tiling in the bathrooms.
Photography is by TĂľnu Tunnel.
Buero Wagner uses charred timber to clad lake house extension in Germany The home is not the first to take advantage of Lake Ammersee's setting – in 2011, BembÊ Dellinger completed a cantilevering villa overlooking the landscape. Photography is by Florian Holzherr.
The Black House by German architect studio Buero Wagner is a stack of differently sized rooms clad in blackened wood extending a house close to Lake Ammersee in Munich. The lake house extension comprises a bedroom, kitchen and living space that was designed as a repost to the typical architecture found in rural Germany.
In the kitchen and dining area, a step in level provides space for countertops, with a small staircase leading to the living space above, which extends out to form a concrete terrace space.
A staircase leads down to a basement bedroom with an open bathroom, which overlooks a small light well, located alongside the main entrance to the house.
At the northwest corner, the concrete structure has been cut to create a large opening with pivot windows that allow almost the entire corner to be opened onto the terrace, creating a connection with the small forest nearby.
Using the topography of the site, the stacking of rooms presents an externally legible arrangement of spaces – such as a basement and terrace – that blend together internally to form large, overlapping spaces. "Spaces and uses form one fluid entity, creating a variety of spatial situations," said the architecture studio. "The house plays with aspects such as inside and outside, top and bottom."
Koto's flexible prefab cabins are designed for a Nordic lifestyle
Prefabricated housing startup Koto has launched a series of modular one- to four-bedroom cabins that can be customised with add-ons such as saunas and outdoor showers. The Scandinavian-style cabins, Koto said, are designed to last a lifetime and can be reconfigured to meet the needs of each individual client and the constraints of any site. Koto, meaning cosy at home in Finnish, was founded in January 2018 by husband and wife duo Johnathon Little and Zoe Little.
Each cabin comes as a pod with a tall diagonal ridge roof that creates an open interior space. The modular pods can be set up in numerous configurations to create different sized footprints to cater for homes, offices, hotel rooms and pool houses. "Our initial range of modules – Pari, Muutama and Ystava – are all represented with the Koto wedge shape roof," Johnathan Little told Dezeen. "This shape allows for an interesting form and experience both internally and externally, a modern twist on the traditional vernacular." The flexible cabins come as one, two, three and four-bedroom units that can be added to with other off-theshelf components such as outdoor showers and saunas. "Thinking about each living space as a separate design exercise has allowed us to create unique experiences in each space," they explained. The cabins are manufactured by Kudos, a Northern Irish company that specilaises in the development of low energy, timber frame buildings.
Other space-saving features include concealed storage walls and fold down beds. Koto said they designed each bedroom to feel like a private retreat within the landscape. Furniture for the bedrooms was sourced from Danish brand Hay and arranged to create a calm, minimal environment. Each cabin is equipped with a Morsoewood burning stove and living spaces with neutral decor. In contrast the ensuite bathrooms are finished in dark colours with copper Lusso fixtures. For example the Koto Muutama cabin, pictured, is Koto's medium-sized cabin. It contains a bathroom, bespoke fold down king size bed, hidden wall storage, window bench, wood stove and the option for a kitchenette. According to Koto, additional components such as the black outdoor shower and a sauna cabin can be added to create a "spa-like experience". "We are now developing a spa elements range which will include a sauna, steam room and pool house all united with the same koto brand visual aesthetic," Koto explained
Edifice by Marc Thorpe is a black off-the-grid cabin in Upstate New York Architecture: Marc Thorpe Design Contractor: Beaverkill Construction Client: Marc Thorpe and Claire Pijoulat Photography is by Marco Petrini. American designer Marc Thorpe has created a simple, off-the-grid dwelling in Upstate New York that is meant to exist "in perfect balance with its environment". Edifice was built in the small village of Fremont, which is a two-hour drive from New York City. The town is tucked into the scenic Catskill Mountains – a popular getaway for urban dwellers. Marc Thorpe, who runs an eponymous Manhattan studio, designed the cabin to serve as a model for a proposed, 30-acre (12-hectare) nature retreat. Laced with walking trails, the development would encompass a mix of one- and two-bedroom cabins. For the prototype, the designer created a onebedroom version, which totals 500 square feet (46 square metres). The discreet cabin is nestled into a lush, wooded site. "The building sits quietly among the trees, in perfect balance with its environment," Thorpe said in a Thorpe took cues from 19th-century writers Henry statement. David Thoreau and Ralph Waldo Emerson, who were important figures in the transcendentalist philosophical movement, which championed individualism and an appreciation for nature. Thorpe's aim was to create a self-sustaining building that was an "exercise in reduction". "The cabin stands as an example of introverted architecture or neo-transcendentalism," Thorpe said. "This is exhibited through its physical isolation, essentialist programming and self-sustaining infrastructure."
Rectangular in plan, the dwelling is a simple box clad in stained cedar. Limited openings enhance the cabin's sense of enclosure and privacy. The east elevation has no glazing, while the south and west walls have thin, vertical windows. The cabin opens up on the north, where the designer incorporated a glass wall and a recessed deck that subtly alludes to a farmhouse porch.
Inside, the cabin encompasses four distinct zones – live, cook, dine and sleep. Adjacent to the deck is the lounge area, which flows into the dining and cooking space. A service core containing a bathroom and storage separates the public zone from a compact bedroom. The building has been designed for off-the-grid living. A composting toilet, a rainwater collection system and a wood-burning stove are among the features that reduce reliance on public utilities. The design also features solar panels that help generate energy and heat water. Lighting is meant to be provided by candles.
The building has been designed for off-the-grid living. A composting toilet, a rainwater collection system and a wood-burning stove are among the features that reduce reliance on public utilities. The design also features solar panels that help generate energy and heat water. Lighting is meant to be provided by candles.
Independent residential•La calera, Colombia Architect: Alfonso Arango Area:24.0 m squared Manufacturers: Sika, Kolor Ž, Sempergreen, Cemex, Philac Landscape: Maria Camila Moreno Project management: David Penaloza
The project is located between the Colombian capitals of Bogota and La Calera.The Andes region is characterized by a high gradient due to the influence of mountains.The San Rafael reservoir and the endless mountains surrounding it are visible. The house is located in a low slope area to avoid changing the original natural soil.Due to the weather conditions in the area, where the nights are cold and wet, the orientation of the house is adjusted to 45 degrees north to get as much sunlight as possible throughout the year.
The house is made up of two square floorboards 4.2 metres long: one for the roof and one for the floor.The two floors are connected by a vertical axis to direct precipitation from the roof to the ground.The first floor houses a kitchen, bathroom and social area, while the mezzanine is dedicated to the bedrooms
The finishes are made of pine wood grown here, treated with the organic resin pyrolysis products of the pine itself.The technology has previously been used to make waterproof fishing boats.On the northeast facade of the house, glass brick walls are used to introduce and filter the morning sun beams
In contrast to the dark exterior, the interior is designed in lighter shades: white floors support the wooden walls, while teak Windows project out of the walls, allowing children to view the landscape.At night, the window at the top of the main entrance ACTS as a light, and the light from the sky, though weak, leaves a ray of light to the entrance, as if to say in silence, people in the room are waiting for the return of their loved ones.
Although the house is connected to an electrical system that ensures the convenience of modern life, the architects placed the use of candles at an important place in the design of the project.On a rainy night, if the electricity is inconvenient, just take out a book and relax in the warm glow of a candle.If be in the day with insufficient illumination, the house is enveloped in the light like smoke like fog, can get different visual sense to enjoy already, can obtain the relaxation of the heart again.
A holiday home•The EVORA, Portugal Architect: Madeiguincho Area:25.0 m squared Project year:2019 Photographer:Joao Carranca Manufacturers: VELUX Commercial, Rothoblaas, Binderholz, ROCKWOOL, Autodesk, McNeel, JNF, Biolet, Polima, Empedra, Lunawood Consultants: Manuel Marrote (Master Carpenter), Tomaz Viana (Designer Maker), Fox & Bear (Design) Partners: Daniel Valtelhas (Lead Carpenter), Rui Peixoto (Carpenter), Bruno Goncalves (Locksmith), Nuno Coelho DE Oliveira (Apprentice Carpenter), Hugo Chapelas (Plumbing), Lucas...(Electrical)
Our challenge was to design a treehouse on a plain of pine and cork.After our field survey, we selected a young, healthy pine tree on a high ground overlooking the Atlantic ocean.The pine tree provides protection for the tree house, and the tree house embraces the pine tree.Therefore, we naturally chose pine as the building material, including the structure, interior and exterior decoration are used pine.During the day, the treehouse has a long view of the horizon.At night, only the stars, as if in the highest point, overlooking the square. Changes in natural light throughout the day provide different experiences for users
The raw material of exterior face and tree branch photograph echo, contain straightforward simple sense.On the contrary, due to the last stage of processing, the interior of the same material was applied to create a light and soft texture.The concept of "nesting" is well expressed by raising the house and using wood for interior and exterior decoration
Curtains in the house can provide shelter and meet the different needs of users.The water pipeline in the bathroom, the wind blowing from outside the house and the pine forest overlooking remind users of their relationship with nature.None of this sacrifices the comfort of the home.
Existing module systems of building Modular construction is a growing trend in process plant construction, due in part to the availability of 3D CAD and laser scanning equipment that has made it more suitable for brownfield applications. From: Process Plant Layout (Second Edition), 2017
CONCLUSIONS Product modeling is a suitable technology to describe the product structure of modular houses. It gives the manufacturers the opportunity to get a view of the entire product range. Creating adapted views makes the product structure less complex to implement. The integration between the different views consists of information transferred downstream from the customers view to the engineering, production and assembly view. The rules and constraints of the building system are transferred upstream from the assembly, production and engineering view to the customers view and hence define the customization limits of the product family. The case study also showed that product development of modular houses must start from customers’ requirements. Too little attention of adapting the production system to the volatile customers’ expectations increases the risk for ad-hoc solution propagating to manufacturing and assembly on-site with considerable higher cost as a result. Eventually the product will be harder sell. It is also evident that the ICT-tools used to create and manage the different views are view specific, as long as the information and constraints can be transferred between the tools. We believe that successful cooperation and information exchange between these four views is the key to future development and customize-to-order configuration.
SIPS construction system research
What are SIPs? SIPs feature a timber facing, typically either OSB or particleboard, bonded either side of an insulated core. This highly insulated design can allow them to achieve exceptional thermal performance. For example, 172 mm SIPs with a rigid urethane insulation core can achieve U-values of 0.16 W/m2.K or better without the need for additional insulation. Their factory engineered joints can also help to significantly limit air-leakage from the building envelope. What are SIPs? Essentially a SIP is a panel consisting of a rigid foam insulating core bonded between two structural facings, typically oriented strand board (OSB) but this can also be plywood or metal. The bonding of the insulation to the facing material creates a stress that allows the whole panel to withstand structural loads. What Are SIPs? SIP panels are the building material for the 21st Century Structural insulated panels (SIPs) are a high performance building system for residential and light commercial construction. The panels consist of an insulating foam core sandwiched between two structural facings, typically oriented strand board (OSB). SIPs are manufactured under factory controlled conditions and can be fabricated to fit nearly any building design. The result is a building system that is extremely strong, energy efficient and cost effective. Building with SIPs will save you time, money and labor.
How SIPs Differ There are two distinct differences between different SIPs products: the insulation material which makes up the core, and the method of connecting the panels. To be considered a genuine SIP the insulation can only be a rigid foam and therefore polyurethane (PUR), polyisocyanurate (PIR) or polystyrene (PS). The latter also comes in two forms: expanded (EPS) which is the white, bead-like form we are used extruded (XPS) which tends to be colours other than white (grey and blue are more typical, but XPS can be orange or even green).
Just as important is the structural stability of SIPs, which comes from connecting panels. There are three options for connecting panel to panel: OSB thin-spline mini-SIP spline dimensional timber spline SIPs Lifespan Again, all the major players say a similar thing: they all work to a 60-year design life, but state that this is the minimum standard. Insulation quality Here there is inarguable difference. PUR has an R value (this is a measure of thermal resistance) of 0.021W/mK. The R value of PS is 0.035W/mK. What this means is that PUR transmits about 40 per cent less heat for a given thickness, so PUR SIPs can achieve the same U value in a wall with a thinner cross section. In terms of recycling, EPS and PUR can be recycled but XPS cannot.
Timber structure research
Glulam: Defined as a structural timber member composed by at least two essentially parallel laminations which may comprise of one or two boards side by side having finished thicknesses from 6 mm up to 45 mm [BS EN 14080:2013]. These are typically used to fabricate curved and long beams limited only by methods of transport. Glulam is allocated to specific strength classes defined in BS EN 14080:2013. Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL): A reconstituted dimensional timber that is commonly twice the strength of dimensional timber of the same species manufactured from rotary peeled veneers of spruce, pine or douglas fir of 3 mm thickness [55]. Commonly the veneer grain is oriented in a single direction but cross-grained sections are also manufactured to offer tailored mechanical properties. Lengths of short veneer are jointed end-to-end with a scarf joint allowing limitless dimensional lengths. Structural Veneer Lumber (SVL): Consists of outer plies of LVL laminated together to form linear structural components. Douglas fir veneers of 2.5 mm laminated in the direction of grain parallel to the longitudinal direction of the board or beam is common [56]. Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT): Timber panels that are made of a minimum of three layers of sawn softwood stacked on top of one another at right angles and glued to form a thickness in the range 50–500 mm suitable for floor, wall and roof elements of up to 13.5 m in length [57]. I-Joists: Whilst these are more expensive and deeper than solid timber joists for an equivalent strength and stiffness, composite I-Joists are more dimensionally stable due to their homogeneous OSB web and the relatively small dimension of the solid timber or LVL flanges. Structural Insulating Panels (SIPs): Structural prefabricated sandwich panels consisting of an insulation layer encased between two skins of fiber or oriented strand board. Brettstapel: Also known as ‘dowellam’, these solid wood panels are manufactured from softwood planks connected by hardwood dowels. Hard wood dowels are driven into the panels at 8% moisture content. With the softwood planks at 12–15% moisture content the hardwood dowel swells to find equilibrium, fixing the panels tight without the need for glue [58]. Many engineered panel products are also combined with dimensional timber frame constructions to add bracing and shear strength including Plywood, Oriented Strand Board (OSB, Medium Density Fiber Board (MDF)and Fiberboard.
Acetylation of wood: a case of chemical modification. The hydrophilic OH groups are replaced by more hydrophobic acetyl groups (Ac) through acetylation with acetic anhydride. In addition to good durability and dimensional stability without loss of strength, the acetylated wood shows significant resistant to moisture and fungi, and has the same end-of-life scenarios as untreated woods. Background is the wooden bridge constructed by wood in Sneek, The Netherlands for heavy road traffic up to 60 tonnes. (Photographs courtesy of John Kroes).
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