Qi yan (Design Thesis)

PROJECT BOOK

QI YAN MArch Year 2

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MANIFESTO PRE- PROCESS

1

CONTEXT

10

— MASTERPLAN — SITE ANALYSIS PRECEDENT STUDY

18

MASSING AND BLOCK STUDIES

24

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND FACADE STUDIES

33

STRUCTURAL STRATEGY CONSTRUCTION METHOD FABRICATION ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS

96

FINAL DESIGN

100

Urban Arcadia

MANIFESTO The act of building is an opposition to nature, we build to protect us from wind, rain snow heat and cold. The elements that constitute the natural world are our enemies. The natural materials we use to build are treated and detailed to resist organic growth and decay. The very processes that the cycle of nature survives on.

This project takes on this dichotomy by converting wall into vertical garden and urban piazza into garden in a suggestive gesture to indicate a redemption of nature. The project aims to improve, or at least find a compact between nature and construction, by prompting an eco-infrastructure architecture.

A building constructed mainly of organic material (wood) and encouraging an abundant growth of plants and habitat on its vertical and horizontal surfaces.

The inherent ambiguity in growing plants on buildings at once gives the uneasy impression that the building is in decay while the nature flourishes. This ambiguity is tested in an extensive ecosystem and biodiversity to enhance the habitat on the building façade. It aims to improve the environmental conditions and also benefit the sense of the architectural experie nce. A healthier environment and richer architectural experience for the people who work in the building.

The majority of architectural historical ornament draws heavily on the abstraction of plants and nature, here we subvert this with a building heavily laden with growing technologies, intent on abstracting the context of living planting.

The use of the renewable material of wood instead of steel and concrete for the building construction reduces the greenhouse gas emissions and stores carbon in the building.

The use of natural wood in the internally and externally aims to provide delight and human interaction with nature within the building. Water eco-infrastructure, through rainwater harvesting, grey water recycling, and sustainable drainage promotes and maintains the green systems.

The Nottingham Wildlife Trust is the proposed client for the public activities in the project. To relocate the Trust to this key central area, adjacent to a new large public square and tram stop gives the Trust a possibility to have a clearer relationship with Nottingham city centre. The 8 storey building contains 9,260 m2 of commercial office, and through the community infrastructure agreements for development, it includes an education space for the Nottinghamshire Wildlife Trust. This provides a space for students, researchers, professionals and others who are interested in protecting wild animals and places, and educate people about protecting nature.

NWTC is a valuable open space for the local community, it would develop and maintain a living landscape for local communities and influence people on the importance of nature, and encourage action for nature conservation.

The NWTC is divided by levels in three different functions.

The lower three levels of the building combine with different facilities are used for Nottinghamshire Wildlife Trust Organization, which provides a library & archive, classrooms, and café. Upper floors are the office spaces, which are used for Wildlife Trust Organization and commercial offices. The flexible exhibition space in the mid levels contains a large external green terrace. The accesses from different entrances and exits are differentiated and in places combined to provide clear circulation for different users.

The building façade aims to improve environmental conditions, with an emphasis on enhancing the habitat and biodiversity. The building façade is covered by 2 to 3-meter height trees and shrubs, oriented to make best use of light and shade in containers on cantilevered terraces. The loadbearing façade walls are combined with different sized perforations, allowing insects and other species to cohabit the façade. This approach contributes to increase urban biodiversity without expanding the city land.

The building structure is entirely made of wood. Glued laminated timber column and beam structure with mass cross-laminated wall and floors establish the building structure. Three vertical cores are located on the each corner of the site to support the structure. The building capitalises on the aesthetic value of the wood and provides a sustainable strategy of using timber structure in a medium-rise building.

PRE- PROCESS

1/

P1.

DESIGN THESIS PRE- PROCESS

DE-ORNAMENTATION

On the year trip in Barcelona, I have chosen the Madrid-Barcelona as a case study. Stone decorations have been fully used on building facades.

Typical ornament elements on the building faรงade include balustrades, main cornices, friezes, and pillars. The pillars on the building faรงade are not for structure use. Through the process of de-ornament to reveal the beauty of the underlying edifice.

De-Ornament, Madrid-Barcelona, Barcelona

2/

P1.

DESIGN THESIS PRE- PROCESS

DE-ORNAMENTATION

Fifth Floor

Fourth Floor

Third Floor

Second Floor

First Floor

Ground Floor

Elevation

Plan

3/

P1.

DESIGN THESIS PRE- PROCESS

HYBRID BUILDING

Nottingham Trent University Student Union Building Architects: Church Lukas

Accommodation

The student union building is located at the north of Shakespeare Street and south of Sandbyhall, which is in the heart of Nottingham City Centre.

Buildings around it include NTU Bonnington building, Boots Library and Premier inn hotel.

The project was built on an existing site, which was owned by the university. The new student union building required the demolition of the old Byron House.

The new build consists of three storeys of social and leisure space, which cover approximately 5,500 square meters.

Commercial Space

Isometric drawing of student union building

Above this social and leisure space consists four residential blocks. The residential blocks provide above 500 student accommodations at affordable prices including studio apartments and house share.The building is a mixed development, which consist of retail outlet, lounge/sitting area, offices, health center, café, club/bar, sport facilities and studios.

• Undergraduate and postgraduate accommodation • Student union offices • Training rooms • Student information and advice service • Fitness suite & studios • Rock climbing wall • Sports hall • Convenience store • Communal seating areas • Café • Bar and restaurant/nightclub

Isometric drawing of floor slab and vertical core

4/

P1.

DESIGN THESIS PRE- PROCESS

HYBRID BUILDING

Accommodation

Sports

Restaurant, bar, Club

Offices

Mezzanine Floor

Ground Floor Public Area

Underground Floor

Public Area

Explore isometric drawing of student union building

The building divided by level in different functions. The lower three floors are used for student union building included the student union office, gym, CafÊ, Bar and restaurant/ nightclub. The upper floors are used for undergraduate and postgraduate accommodation. A different function of the building has used different entrance and exit, which provide a clear circulation for different users. on the public area, the building façade has been designed by the glazed wall and sun shading system, which allowed the nature light get into the public area during the day. It also creates a welcome and friendly atmosphere for users.

5/

P1.

DESIGN THESIS PRE- PROCESS

A

HYBRID BUILDING

Kings Place Architect: Dixon Jones Kings Place is located just a five minute walk from Kings Cross and St Pancras Stations. Kings Place have two auditoriums, two art galleries, Rotunda Bar & Restaurant, Green & Fortune Café and a fantastic selection of event spaces with spectacular views over Regent’s Canal.

A

It is a hub for music, art, dialogue and food, housed in an award-winning building in King’s Cross, which also provides world class conferencing, events and office space.

The function of the building include: • Office • Conference room • Auditoriums • Gallery • Restaurant & Bar • Cafe

Isometric Drawing of King’s Place

Perspective Drawing of King’s Place Concert Hall

6/

P1.

DESIGN THESIS PRE- PROCESS

HYBRID BUILDING

Office

Restaurant Cafe Shop Gallery

Gallery

Hall 2

Hall 1 Bar Office Conference Room

Isometric Exploded Drawing

7/

P1.

DESIGN THESIS PRE- PROCESS

HYBRID BUILDING

The ground floor and lower ground floors of the building combine with different facilities are used for public functions, which provide gallery, auditoriums, restaurant and cafĂŠ. The upper floors are used for offices. The large auditorium on the lower ground floor is entirely made of wood. It provides the aesthetic value of timber.

The main building façade is made of double layer glazed curtain wall, which provides a sustainable strategy for building.

Isometric Section Drawing Section A-A

Section A-A

CONTEXT

10/

P2.

DESIGN THESIS

SITE INVESTIGATION MASTERPLAN

destrian

ular the south, es.

and

e to the al. A ort will

esent into e the

, orth-south

modate

19

ket. Along nd ent couraged

23 22 21

document 4

nsition from

enterprises

a

18a

17 17

18

3

17

18

5

13

16

6

straight

14

17 2

us.

17 17

18

18b

l (12) act

been ndary of

20a

17

condary vement is

ulevard

17

18

11

1

17 6

12

15

7 20b

17 18

7 17

10

of the

17

e of the s (18)

17

8 19

9

portunity for e lower ealms and 7

geometry of the

hub, with The

rge scale

0

The map shows the new master plan of Sneinton area

50m

100m

200m

N

The masterplan aims to reintroduce the Sneinton area back into the city through an extension of public spaces and pedestrian friendly passages.

1. Tramline passes through development, connecting the train station to the south and Victoria Shopping centre to the northwest. The tram travels along lower parliament street and connects into the existing line at the Theatre Royal. A tramstop is situated in the centre of the development, adjacent to the large central public square. Public transport will also use this route.

2. The existing main vehicular road (1) has been shifted, in the process condensing the vehicular two roads present into one large road. This road has been widened from 3 (2 car and 1 bus lane) to 4 vehicular lanes to accommodate the increased traffic flow. The bus lane has been removed with public transport now flowing along the tramline.

3. The one-way system along lower parliament street has been removed, significantly reducing vehicular traffic, improving and extending the public relationship along lower parliament street. The new route will improve the north-south movement of traffic through the city.

4. The existing petrol station has been removed, allowing for the existing road to be widened in order to accommodate the removal of the one-way system and the increased traffic flow that will be experienced by the road.

5. A tree lined public boulevard links the shopping district and the Victoria Shopping Centre with Sneinton Market. Along the boulevard the market square acts as the final destination along the route, extending the shopping district and reintroducing influence on the historic square. Destinations at either end of the public realm create redevelopment opportunities for the undervalued buildings along lower parliament street outside of the main development, encouraged by the increased public footfall. The straight orientation clearly provides an end destination with clear views.

6. A bicycle lane extends along the public boulevards, encouraging safe bicycle movement.

7. The roads to the west of the main proposed vehicular road (2) are proposed in the ‘Creative Quarter Toolkit’ document to become pedestrianised, extending the existing public realm towards the development area.

8. The square creates a direct link with the adjacent pedestrianised public realm to the west, easing public transition from the Lace Market district. The space focuses view towards the main central square.

9. Victorian buildings have been retained because they are of architectural merit and currently house creative enterprises that tie in with the creative elements present in the brief of the overall development.

10. A tree lined public boulevard links the pedrestrianised Lace Market district with the Victoria park, creating a relationship between the two heavily congested public areas and reintroducing the park back into the city. The straight orientation clearly provides an end destination with clear views.

11. The main public square in the centre of the development is of a similar size to Market Square, creating a secondary public hub within the city. Public transport is accommodated through the tramline adjacent, and pedestrian movement is encouraged due to the pedestrianised Lace Market (7) and the reduced vehicular traffic route (3).

12. Old school dating back to mid-1800 has been retained due to its architectural merit and listed building status.

13. Clock tower has been retained due to its architectural merit and listed building status. The tower and school (12) act as historical landmarks for the development, contrasting with the new architecture.

14. The existing swimming pool has been removed due to its lack of architectural merit, and to facilitate the boulevard linking Sneinton Market to the main shopping district.

15. Sneinton Market acts as the final destination along the boulevard, reaffirming it’s retail potential which has been neglected in recent history. The square has been extended to the south in order reintroduce the historical boundary of the square from the past.

16. The square is of a similar size to that of the one connecting with the Lace Market district (8). The orientation of the square with provides the opportunity to create an outdoor amphitheatre for performance spaces.

17. Proposed sites for development. Each site has a direct relationship with an adjacent square and at least one of the boulevards. The proposed sites combined with existing high-rise buildings and lower scale proposed buildings (18) ensure that each public square is enclosed on all sides.

18. Proposed lower scale buildings increase the density of the development area.

These buildings provide opportunity for retail, cafe’s, restaurants and creative enterprises, which tie in with the design brief for the Creative Quarter. The lower scale buildings; in particular cafe’s and restaurants; have the opportunity to open onto and occupy the public realms and boulevards, increasing use of these spaces.

18a. Block of buildings forms similar geometry of the existing petrol station, but is shifted to the east in order to accommodate the road widening to the west, whilst also reducing the size of the public avenue to the east.

18b. Existing block needs demolition to allow for the road widening to the west.

Proposed block follows similar geometry to existing, but is shifted to the east in order to accommodate the road widening, whilst also reducing the size of the existing road to the east from 4 vehicular lanes to 2 tram lanes.

19. Underground parking is split into two in order to cover more of the developmental area.

20. The larger of the two underground car parks is underneath the main square with this being the main public hub, with an entrance up into the middle of the square providing convenient access for the surrounding buildings (20a). The secondary underground car park opens onto Sneinton Market square (20b).

21. An area has been provided adjacent to the entrance of the large underground car park, which caters for large scale deliveries to the main hub of the development.

22. Park View Court. Listed Victorian building to be retained.

23. New College, Nottingham. Victorian college to be retained.

11/

P2.

DESIGN THESIS

SITE INVESTIGATION SITE ANALYSIS

N

The Nottingham Wildlife Trust Center Location: Sneinton Market, Nottingham Area: 9,260 m2 Program: 8 storey building contains The Sneinton Market is the most promising redevelopment area in Nottingham. This underused wasteland will be transformed into a new high-density creative quarter of the city. The whole area will install 11 mixed use commercial buildings with, offices, galleries, theaters, library, hotel, shopping center, restaurant, bars, and cafĂŠ shop. By installing high-quality public spaces and mixed-use buildings in this area to repairing the urban fabric of Nottingham.

The Nottingham Wildlife Trust Center (NWTC) is situated in the central of the redevelopment area, adjacent to the large central Public Square and tram stop. It represents a friendly and welcome entrance of the whole redevelopment area, connecting the train station to Nottingham city center from the south to the northwest. The new tramline provides a convenient transportation for the workers and users. The 8 storey building contains 9,260 m2 of office and education space, which integrate with Nottinghamshire Wildlife Trust Organization provide a space for students, researchers, professionals and other people who interested in protecting wild animals and places and educate people about protecting nature.

The NWTC is not only creating a healthier and safety environment but also attracted by the surroundings for everyday users, passersby, and tourists.

Sun Movement: Summer Sun Movement: : Winter Wind Movement

Aerial view of site and other factors

N

12/

P2.

DESIGN THESIS

SITE INVESTIGATION SITE ANALYSIS

Nottingham City Centre Urban Design Guide points out that the tall building zone in Nottingham is located in the eastern side of the city centre.

It starts from Victoria centre to the train station including the Sneinton Market. The tall building proposal is acceptable in the Sneinton Market and each of the tall buildings should be designed as a landmark tower. However, the tall building should not over 25 or 30 storeys.

The proposed mixed-use commercial building in Sneinton Market will examine the relationship between form, function, technology, urban context and society; establishing a coherent balance with the building. The building is a productive use of building space and energetic to urban areas.

The public square has taken a remarkable role as a lively urban centre for the densely populated Nottingham. The public square will give the stability of the pedestrian flow and also create to provide opportunities for people to escape from dark and dirty city streets. The greatest advantage of the increase in public spaces in Nottingham, is the growing number of people who spend time enjoying themselves in the city.

Site Proposed Sites Public Square

Building Height under 10 Meter Building Height around 10 Meter Building Height around 20 Meter Building Height around 30 Meter Building Height around 40 Meter

The map shows the building height level around the site

13/

P2.

DESIGN THESIS

SITE INVESTIGATION SITE ANALYSIS

The Sneinton Market is the most promising redevelopment area in Nottingham. This underused wasteland will be transformed into a new high-density creative quarter of the city. The whole area will install 11 mixed-use commercial buildings with, offices, galleries, theatres, a library, hotels, a shopping centre, restaurants, bars, and cafĂŠs. By installing high-quality public spaces and mixed-use buildings in this area, it will repair the urban fabric of Nottingham.

Land use

Commercial Leisure

Education

Restaurant

Residential Of5ice

Commercial

Office

Leisure & Culture

Church

Education & Learning

Bus depot

Restaurant

The pie chart to show the percentage of land use around the site

Residential

The Map shows land use with proposed building areas

14/

P2.

DESIGN THESIS

SITE INVESTIGATION SITE ANALYSIS

1. Tramline passes through development, connecting the train station to the south and Victoria Shopping centre to the northwest. The tram travels along lower parliament street and connects into the existing line at the Theatre Royal. A tramstop is situated in the centre of the development, adjacent to the large central public square. Public transport will also use this route.

2. The bus lane has been removed with public transport now flowing along the tramline.

3. A tree lined public boulevard links the shopping district and the Victoria Shopping Centre with Sneinton Market. Along the boulevard the market square acts as the final destination along the route, extending the shopping district and reintroducing influence on the historic square. Destinations at either end of the public realm create redevelopment opportunities for the undervalued buildings along lower parliament street outside of the main development, encouraged by the increased public footfall. The straight orientation clearly provides an end destination with clear views. A bicycle lane extends along the public boulevards, encouraging safe bicycle movement.

A tree lined public boulevard links the pedrestrianised Lace Market district with the Victoria park, creating a relationship between the two heavily congested public areas and reintroducing the park back into the city. The straight orientation clearly provides an end destination with clear views.

4. The existing main vehicular road has been shifted, in the process condensing the vehicular two roads present into one large road. This road has been widened from 3 (2 car and 1 bus lane) to 4 vehicular lanes to accommodate the increased traffic flow. The bus lane has been removed with public transport now flowing along the tramline.

The Nottingham Wildlife Trust Centre (NWTC) is situated in the central of the redevelopment area, adjacent to the large central Public Square and tram stop. It represents a friendly and welcoming entrance of the whole redevelopment area, connecting the train station to Nottingham city centre from the south to the northwest. The new tramline provides a convenient transportation for the workers and users.

Site Proposed Sites Public Square

Tram Lane Bus Lane The Boulevard Main Vehicular Road

Transport route with proposed building areas markes

15/

P2.

DESIGN THESIS

SITE INVESTIGATION SITE ANALYSIS

Area of analysis

Accessibly

Green space

Feasibility/ Constraints of the site

The site located in the central of redevelopment area,in between the predestine street and tram line. Public square is in the front of the site.

The green park is near to the site.

Area of analysis

Accessibly

Green space

Opportunities of the site

- The ground level of the builidng will integrated with public square and predestine street. Pedestrian street and cycling access friendly.

- A different function of the building is the access from different entrances and exits, which provides a clear circulation for different users.

- The building faรงade is aiming to the improvement of environmental conditions, with an emphasis on enhancing the habitat and biodiversity.

- The building faรงade is covered by 2 to 3-meter height trees and shrub, which are located towards the orientation of the sun.

Parking

Ground and underground parking are near to the site.

Parking

Underground parking is located in the public square

Phasing of development

The ground floor of the builidng will integrated with public square and predestine street.

Phasing of development

The mixed-use commercial building in Sneinton Market will examine the relationship between form, function, technology, urban context and society; establishing a coherent balance with the building.

Landmark for navigation.

Public realm/activity

Lack of vision of direction.

Landmark nearby the site.

Public realm/activity

The building providing a space for students, researchers, professionals and other people who are interested in protecting wild animals and places, and educate people about protecting nature.

Surface material

Red Brick, Concrete,

Surface material

The building structure is entirely made of wood.

Lighting

Enough sunlight in the day

Lighting

The big void space in the middle of the building which allows natural sunlight into the building to avoid the use of artificial light in the day, also designs a natural cross ventilation system in the building which benefits to energy efficiency.

Historical context

Clock tower has been retained due to its architectural merit and listed building status. The tower and Nottingham Wildlife Trust act as historical landmarks for the development, contrasting with the new architecture.

Historical context

Clock tower has been retained due to its architectural merit and listed building status. The tower and Nottingham Wildlife Trust act as historical landmarks for the development, contrasting with the new architecture.

Information

The whole area will install 11 mixed-use commercial buildings with, offices, galleries, theatres, a library, hotels, a shopping centre.

Sustainable development

The aim of this project is using ecosystem and biodiversity designs to emphasis on enhancing the habitat on the building faรงade that improve the environmental conditions and also benefit the sense of the architectural experience, creates a healthier environment for the people who work in the building. Meanwhile, the use of renewable material wood instead of steel and concrete for the building construction can reduce the greenhouse gas emissions and store carbon in our building. The use of natural wood in the internal and external of the building provides human delight and human interaction with nature within the building.

16/

P2.

DESIGN THESIS

SITE INVESTIGATION SITE ANALYSIS

The map shows the urban heat island of Nottingham in 2015 (Department of Energy& Climate Change)

Perceptive and cognitive response/proposals for climate change adaptation, environmental psychology, tc.

Response

Proposals

Noise

Noise reduction 8dB = ambient sound halved

Street level air pollution

Street level air pollution removed by up to 60%

02, co2

1m² of living wall produces 1.7kg of oxygen per year 1m² of living wall extracts 2.3kg of CO2 per year

Rainwater

Reduced rain water runoff risk of flooding lowered Steady evaporation ground water preserved

Sunlight

Sunlight 50% absorbed, 30% reflected

Urban heat

Urban heat island effect reduced up to 3°C

Satisfaction

Workplace satisfaction increase up to 40%

Wellbeing

Improve wellbeing reduce stress

- Environmental psychology Productivity + notably increased - Local ecosystem biodiversity increased - Biophilia - Views out onto dynamic nature, nature night impacts on circadian rhythms, nature pattern: material, product and texture

Today, nearly 54 % of the earth’s populations reside in cities; it will increase to 66% by 2025 (living green city, 2015). However, by the introduction of green facade systems in the building, we will see the creation of health and environmentally friendly ecosystem.

According to research by Living Green City 2015, it demonstrates that 1m² of living wall produces 1.7kg of oxygen, extracts 2.3kg of CO2 and reduce 8 dB noise per year.

Flooding is a problem in Nottingham, because of huge amount of impervious surfaces such as slate or concrete. However, green facade can help reduce storm water runoff and risk of flood.

Car pollution is one of the main reasons of urban heat island effect. The average car pr duces 5 tons of carbon per year (living green city, 2015).

Green facade can help mitigate heat island effect by absorbing sunlight adjustment surface temperature. Vertical garden also can increase local biodiversity which reduces stress and improves people’s satisfaction with the city.

PRECEDENT STUDY

• Human Eco-Infrastructure: Human: Enclosures, Hardscapes, Use of P3.

Materials, Products, Lifestyle and Regulatory System.

DESIGN THESIS • Water Eco-Infrastructure: FACADE STUDIES Water: Sustainable Drainage,PRECEDENT ‘Closing the STUDY Loop’, Rainwater Harvesting, Water Efficient Fixtures.

18/

CO2

Solar panel

Solar

Grey water Rainwater recycle

Shower Electricity Irrigation

Water recycle tank

Energy

Heat tank

H2O

Acoustic

Radiator

O2

Rainwater

Humidity

Energy system

Dust

Water recycle tank

Cold

Hot

Geothermal energy diagram CO2

Solar panel

Solar

Grey water Rainwater recycle

Energy

Shower Electricity Irrigation

Water recycle tank

Heat tank

H2O

Acoustic

Radiator

O2

Rainwater

Computerized Centeral monitoring

Humidity

Energy system

Energy center Storage tank

Dust

Water intake Irrigation tank

Excess water collection

Groundwater return

Municipal sewage

Cold

Water recycle tank

Hot

Diagram of the protective function of the façade greenery

Hydration system Bosco Verticale (Vertical Forest)

Location: Milan, Italy.

Ken Yeang response to designing the building has various ecology (incomplete sentence), like vertical forest. He has included green roofs, green walls, sky courts, eco bridges into a 58 storey tower. In this design, he has followed his four strands of Eco-Infrastructure design into this project.

Project Year: 2014

Ken Yeang’s four strands of eco-infrastructure of sustainable architecture

Program: The vertical forest consists of two residential towers of 26 floors 110-meter height and 18 floors 76-meter height. The building façade covered by 900 trees up to 3, 6, 9-meter height and over 2000 plants which the position toward to the orientation of the sun. All the trees and plants located in the containers of the each external cantilevered terraces, which access for each flat.

• The “Grey”, the grey eco-infrastructure: (engineering ecoinfrastructure: renewable energy system, eco-technology, carbon neutral system).

Material: Concrete

• The “Green”, the green eco-infrastructure: (ecological ecoinfrastructure: nature’s utilities, biodiversity, balancing, ecological connectivity).

Architect: Stefano Boeri Architect

Structure: Reinforced concrete column with post-tensioned reinforced concrete floor.

The reason for uses this project as the case studies since the Bosco Verticale create a biological habitat to regeneration the urban city. From analysis this project to understand the benefit of ecosystem designs, structural performance, environmental performance and irrigation system.

The Bosco Verticale is a sustainable high-rise residential building. It is a new model for the green skyscraper that contributes to the reforestation in the urban city. By the regeneration of the environment and the increase in urban biodiversity without expanding the city territory (Arup, 2015).

The vertical forest consists of two residential towers of 26 floors 110-meter height and 18 floors 76-meter height. The building façade covered by 900 trees up to 3, 6, 9-meter height and over 2000 plants which the position towards the orientation of the sun. All the trees and plants located in the containers of the each external cantilevered terraces, are accessed by each flat.

The structural design of Vertical forest is a combination of reinforced concrete column with post-tensioned reinforced concrete floor. This structure strategy allows limited dimensions for the structure elements with the maximum span of the cantilever and load.

Source: http://www.ingenio-web.it/immagini/Articoli/PDF/G2Gn32E1mD.pdf

• The “Red”, the red eco-infrastructure: human eco-infrastructure: human: enclosures, hardscapes, use of materials, products, lifestyle and regulatory system.

• The “Blue”, the blue eco-infrastructure: water Eco-Infrastructure: water: sustainable drainage, ‘closing the loop’, rainwater harvesting, water efficient fixtures.

19/

P3.

DESIGN THESIS

FACADE STUDIES PRECEDENT STUDY

Wood Innovation Design Centre

BSKYB Believe in better building

Architect: Michael Green

Architect: Arup Associates

Location: Birthsh Columbia, Canada

Location: Osterly, West London

Area: 48200 sqm

Area: 3,000 m2

Project Year: 2014

Project Year: 2014

Program: The lower lever of the building is used for the university’s proposed master of Engineering in Integrated Wood Design program. The lobby, demonstration area, research lab, mechanical room, café shop, and Lecture Theater are located on the ground floor with double height and triple height space.

The classroom and office are at the middle of the building. The top three floors are the leasable office space.

Program: BskyB’s new educational facility for graduates, apprentices and staff training, reflects the company’s sustainable aspirations. The three storey linear building with an additional storey housing a restaurant and a roof terrace, all providing an inviting multi-functional amenity.

Material: Glulam columns and beams and mass timber walls, which is easy replicated.

Structure: The modern all timber office with 8 story building is basic on the mass timber buildings.

The reason for using this project as a case study is because of the aim of the WIDC is not only using the sustainable material to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions in their construction process. But also aim to improve the local lumber economy. In the meantime, it stands as a new construction possibility for the timer high-rise building. The stated thesis is the improvement of the environmental condition through the eco-infrastructure architecture. Using the renewable material in the building construction to create a sustainable environment for human well-being is the one approach to the eco-infrastructure strategy.

Material: Glulam, CLT, Steel & Cassettes Panel System Structure: hybrid structure, glulam frame with cross laminated timber (CLT) floor, roof and stability walls, together with perimeter wall cassettes.

A striking structure that demonstrates how the benefits of using low embodied energy timber in mid rise construction can lead to a below zero embodied carbon building. Further sustainability credentials include the removal of wet trades through timber prefabrication and very rapid and unobtrusive construction.

In this project, CLT panels are typically used for floors, walls and roofs. LVL used for the window mullions, entrance canopy, feature stairs, and other applications. PSL beams usually used in concealed locations to transfer column loads over the main level lecture theatre and research lab (MGA, 2016).

Source: http://cwc.ca/wp-content/uploads/publications-Tall-Wood.pdf

Source: http://www.arupassociates.com

20/

P3.

DESIGN THESIS

FACADE STUDIES PRECEDENT STUDY

East glazed facade

Timber Structure

The images shows east façade. It acts as thermal screen within the general energy consumption strategy.

The “balconies” can be used as informal meeting and rest areas that will also have the particularity of having a façade composed of a glass retractable window system that allow to “transform” these spaces into open air terraces that reinforce the privileged relationship between the interior building and its surrounding landscape.

Structural diagram (No-nails wood structure)

Tamedia Office Building

The Multi-Level City by Jacques Ferrier + Chartier Dalix Architectes

Architect: Shigeru Ban

Architect: Jacques Ferrier + Chartier Dalix Architectes

Location: Zurich, Switzerland

Location: Paris

Area: 10120 sqm

Integrated network of gardens for Réinventer Paris. The design involves the creation of a shared landscape, formed by an integrated network of gardens. an elevated bridge spans the ring road, forming an inhabited structure that contains markets, shops, a school of urban horticulture, and a coworking space. The planted balconies form a 3D ecosystem conceived as an environmental machine.

Project Year: 2013 The timber main structural system is the most significant innovation of the project. From a technical and environmental point of view the proposed this timber structure is a unique response to this type of office building and the fact that the structural elements are entirely visible also gives a very special character and high quality spatiality to the working atmosphere.

Sustainability - renewable construction material - the lowest C02 producer in construction process - The intermediate space other its “thermal barrier” function is part of the public spaces that will be heated and cooled with the extraction air from the office area

Source:http://www.archdaily.com/478633/tamedia-office-building-shigeru-ban-architects

A public garden sits on top, with openings from multiple points onto the public space. Above the bridge, there are residential units and offices, designed to allow evolution and expansion along with the city. The roofs connect to create an urban farm dedicated to growing the first Parisian tea. Community pavilions allow occupants of both residential units and offices to take advantage of this garden (Jacques Ferrier Architecture, 2016).

Source:http://www.archdaily.com/781871/the-multi-layered-city-plus-chartier-dalix-architectes-plus-jacques-ferrier-architectureplus-sla-landskab

21/

P3.

DESIGN THESIS

FACADE STUDIES PRECEDENT STUDY

The Stadthaus, 24 Murray Grove Architect: Waugh Thistleton Architects Location: Hackney, London Structural Engineer: Techniker Project Year: 2009 Program: 9 storey high-rise of timber residential tower buildings in the world.

Material: constructed entirely in timber. Cross-laminated timber panels Timber elements: Solid wood panels for floors, roof, internal and external walls, lift and stair cores.

The reason for using this project as a case study is because of the project shows the possibility of low-rise timer structures in the UK. Timber construction offers the possibility of minimal cost and no carbon footprint combined.

Timber structure is not commonly use in the world. The Stadthaus apartment building is another example of multi-storey timber building. The project shows the possibility of low-rise timer structures in UK. The nine-storey building is the tallest modern timber structure building in the world before 2009. The building is constructed entirely in timber; load bearing walls, floor slabs and a vertical core.

Environmental factor is the most important aspect we need to consider as an architect. Wood is a solution for this problem.

It can transform our living environment towards the eco-friendly. This project aims to use cross-laminated products from an environmental point of view and try to design a low-rise timber structure accepted in the UK rather than use concrete, steel and masonry. Five key elements have been considered and resolved in this building, which include fire, robustness, strength, movement and acoustic. The entire timber structure is the way to reduce the carbon emission during the process and finished building (Techniker, 2010).

Structure: The tower is a cellular structure with apartments in a honeycomb pattern around a central core. The load-bearing elements (lift shafts, stairwells, all external and some internal walls) provide exceptional resistance to progressive collapse and good acoustic separation between apartments and lift shaft.

The Cross-laminated timber panels structure comfortably achieved the required fire resistance. The structural engineer allowed for charring to achieve 60-minutes fire resistance and achieved 90-minutes fire resistance by adding plasterboard.

For the Stadthaus apartment building four different scenarios of structural damage were considered. Adequate alternative load paths were demonstrated following the removal of various panels.

Source: http://techniker.oi-dev.org/assets/264739566/52/Tall%20Timber%20Buildings%20Feb10.pdf.

Insect hotel by Arup Associates Insects prefer habitats that are essentially neglected. Different varieties of insect require different habitats and environmental conditions to survive, so the challenge of designing an Insect Hotel is to cater for as many of these conditions and contexts as possible.

These habitats generally consist of the detritus of the natural and man made world comprising of organic and inorganic materials most of which can be procured from waste management or garden sources.

Different varieties of insect require different habitats and environmental conditions to survive. This habitat generally consist of the detritus of the natural and man made world comprising of organic and inorganic materials most of which can be procured from waste management or garden sources. (Arupassociates, 2016)

Source: http://www.arupassociates.com/en/projects/insect-hotel/

22/

P3.

DESIGN THESIS

FACADE STUDIES PRECEDENT STUDY

Nest We Grow

Structure strategy：

Renewable material

Architect: College of Environmental Design UC Berkeley , Kengo Kuma & Associates

Nine larch timber columns anchored in concrete footings provide the building’s primary structural support. Each column is a composite of four glulam timbers, held together by nine steel plates and bolts.

Wood is a totally renewable material. It is a solution for climate change, which will reduce carbon emissions. It has many advantages for the environment and economy. On the environmental aspect, according to Climate Change report, it stated, “The combined effect of carbon storage and substitution means that 1m³ of wood stores 0.9 t CO2 and substitutes 1.1 t CO2 - a total of 2.0 t CO2”. Wood has flexibility for the material performance in the building construction. Wood is also low in weight with high density, and has load-bearing and heat insulation properties with aesthetic value. Fire prevention is the most important aspect in timber structure. Wood burns slowly, steadily and predictably. However, the charred surface performs as a protection layer for the internal structure. On the economy aspect, wood has benefits for the building life cycle, timber structure is low-cost to build and has low maintenance cost. By using wood in building construction, it provides jobs to people and has a huge contribution towards the local economy.

Location: Japan Project year: 2014 Area: 85.0 sqm Structure: Timber grid structure Program: the Nest is decided according to the life cycle of these local foods: growing, harvesting, storing, cooking/dining, and composting, which restarts the cycle.

Material: larch timber columns and beams Timber elements: Solid wood panels for floors, roof, internal and external walls, lift and stair cores.

The reason for using this project as a case study is because of the project shows an elegant column and beam connection. Two vertical glulam larch timber beams intersect each column create a simple and rigid moment connection.

The wood frame structure mimics the vertical spatial experience of a Japanese larch forest from which food is hung to grow and dry. A tea platform in the middle of the nest creates a gathering space where the community can visually and physically enjoy food around a sunken fireplace.

Local foods make up the elevation of the Nest as people see the food forest floating above the landform.

Source: http://www.archdaily.com/592660/nest-we-grow-college-of-environmental-design-uc-berkeley-kengo-kuma-and-

The four-story structure sits on an aproximately 8-foot-tall, structurally isolated concrete wall that wraps the ground floor and helps protect the timber from moisture.

At each floor level, two perpendicular pairs of glulam larch timber beams intersect each column. The beams nest

MASSING AND BLOCK STUDIES

24/

P4.

DESIGN THESIS

MASSING AND BLOCK STUDIES

25/

P4.

DESIGN THESIS

MASSING AND BLOCK STUDIES

Typology 1

Typology 2

Typology 3

Typology 4

Typology 5

Isometric

Floorplates

Massing model

On the south, the steps descending from the roof provide the external platform for the building, which creates more external greenery area. It also allowed bringing more nature light into the north side of the building.

The floor stacked by two different prototypes. The void area can be used for external greenery area. The intersect areas can be used for the structure core and circulation space.

The sloped green roof interacted with the public square create a large green space for the city.

Use void space in the central of the building to provide a nature ventilation system for the building. In the meanwhile, the void space can bring more nature light into space. The terrace in the middle acts as an interface between the public and private.

The sloped roof, void space, external terrace and intersected area establish the volume. The three interacted area can use for different accesses. It provides a clear circulation for the users.

26/

P4.

DESIGN THESIS

MASSING AND BLOCK STUDIES

Aim: create a green infrastructure within a commercial building.

Four storeys for office

Programme: the building divided by levels in different functions.

Conference hall with restaurant, cafĂŠ, shops at the ground floors, office space at the top.

The exhibition space, as a more flexible use, acts as an interface between the public and private functions.

Circulation: Three accesses located at the each corner of the triangular volume. It creates three differentiated accesses.

Conference space access at the east corner of the public square. Gallery access at the northeast corner. The access to the office at the northwest corner responds to the vehicular approach from the city centre.

The courtyard at the ground floor links the big public square with boulevard create a friendly and welcome public realm for users.

Two storeys for gallery

Three storeys for conference, meeting room and Restaurant & Bar & Cafe

27/

P4.

DESIGN THESIS

MASSING AND BLOCK STUDIES

9m x 9m grid

void

7.5m x 7.5m grid

void

28/

P4.

DESIGN THESIS

MASSING AND BLOCK STUDIES

7.5m x 7.5m grid with vertical core

Structural Diagram: Grid and Column

29/

P4.

DESIGN THESIS

MASSING AND BLOCK STUDIES

Office Space (5, 6, 7, 8)

Gallery Space (3, 4)

Public Space (G, 1, 2)

Spatial Diagramďźš Spatial Arrangement The building is divided by levels in three different functions. The lower three levels of the building combine with different facilities are used for public space. Upper floors are the office spaces and rental office, and the flexible exhibition space in the middle with a huge external green terrace. A different function of the building is the access from different entrances and exits, which provides a clear circulation for different users.

Roof Garden and Green Terrace

Spatial Diagram: Vertical Core Three vertical cores are located on the each corner of the site to support the structure.

Green Facade and Green Wall

30/

P4.

DESIGN THESIS

MASSING AND BLOCK STUDIES

Building function Building Data Location: NG1 1AA (existing site postcode) Floor: 8 storeys Conference Hall library

Facilities: The building is divided by levels in three different functions. The lower three levels of the building combine with different facilities are used for public space.

Upper floors are the office spaces and rental office, and the flexible exhibition space in the middle with a huge external green terrace. A different function of the building is the access from different entrances and exits, which provides a clear circulation for different users.

Meeting room Education Office

Of1ice

Circulation

Circulation

Social impact: The building realized the importance of nature as the impact to our daily life and believe that nature resource is the heart of our society. The building is a valuable open space for the local community. The façade is aimed to pleasure human comfort, enhance reduced stress and create health wellbeing for people who work in the building. The prefabricated habitat design is to aim to reduce maintenance cost.

Gallery

Gallery

Green Terrace

Green Terraces Cafe

Café

The pie chart to show the percentage of building facilities

Constraints: Noise: The site located in the central of redevelopment area,in between the predestine street and tram line. Public square is in the front of the site. The sound pollution will be the main issues of this area.

Lighting: the site can get maximum natural sunlight during the day. However, northern side of the site may requires artificial light during the day.

Fire: Fire safety is the most important need to consider in the timber structure building.

Opportunities: Noise: the greenery facade can reduce noise Lighting: The big void space in the middle of the building which allows natural sunlight into the building to avoid the use of artificial light in the day, also designs a natural cross ventilation system in the building which benefits to energy efficiency.

Fire: minimized “hot work” during the construction. 24-hour security will provide on the site for fire resistance.The emergency access in the building will be covered with fire-retardant coating to reduce the flame spread.

Economic impact:

The building will use local manufacture wood products, which is a way to encourage local lumber economy and offer work oppotunities for the local people. Moreover, by using wood as construction material, increases the government’s concerns about deforestation, encouraging forest security of UK. Environmental impact: The advantage of the green façade design in the urban scale includes reducing the urban heat island effect, air temperature mitigation, absorbing noise pollution, and dust; carbon sequestering; increasing biodiversity; improving natural habitats for different species, and improving the aesthetic appeal. In the building scale, the contribution of green façade includes benefiting the health of the users; improving the building energy efficiency; improving the air quality of the building internal space; protecting the building’s envelope; reducing the noise pollution; shading for cooling and agricultural benefits.

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND FACADE STUDIES

33/

P5.

DESIGN THESIS PLANT ECOLOGY

Shrubs

Variegated Japanese laurel

Characteristics

Colour

Foliage: Evergreen

Colour in Autumn

Habit: Bushy

Colour in Spring Colour in Summer Colour in Winter

Camellia sasanqua ‘Plantation Pink’

Camellia japonica ‘Lily Pons’

Full shade and Partial shade Aspect: north-facing or east-facing or west-facing

Colour in Autumn

Habit: Bushy

Colour in Spring

Fragrance: Flower

Colour in Summer

Aspect: north-facing or east-facing or west-facing

Colour in Winter

Exposure: sheltered

Foliage: Evergreen

Colour in Autumn

Habit: Columnar/Upright

Full shade and Partial shade

Colour in Spring

Colour in Winter

Foliage: Evergreen

Colour in Autumn

Habit: Bushy

Colour in Spring Colour in Summer Colour in Winter

Soil Soil: Loam, Chalk, Sand

Exposure: exposed or sheltered

Foliage: Evergreen

Colour in Summer

Taxus baccata

Sunlight

Full shade and Partial shade

Aspect: north-facing or east-facing or west-facing

Aspect:South-facing or North-facing or Westfacing or East-facing Exposure: Exposed or Sheltered

- Ultimate height 1.5-2.5 metres - Ultimate spread 1.5-2.5 metres - Time to ultimateheight:10-20 years

Soil: Sand, Clay, Loam

- Ultimate height 1.5-2.5 metres - Ultimate spread 1.5-2.5 metres - Time to ultimateheight: 5-10 years

Soil: Loam, Clay, Sand

Exposure: sheltered

Full Sun, Full shade and Partial shade

Size

- Ultimate height 2.5-4 metres - Ultimate spread 2.5-4 metres - Time to ultimate height: 10-20 years

Soil: Chalk, Clay, Sand, Loam

- Ultimate height 2.5-4 metres - Ultimate spread 1.5-2.5 metres - Time to ultimate height: 20-50 years

(Wild About Gardens)

34/

P5.

DESIGN THESIS PLANT ECOLOGY

Tree

Malus ‘Echtermeyer’

Characteristics

Colour

Foliage: Deciduous

Colour in Autumn

Habit: Pendulous/Weeping

Colour in Spring

Sunlight Full sun and Partial shade Aspect: North-facing or East-facing or South-facing or West-facing

Soil Soil: Loam, Clay, Sand, Chalk

Exposure: exposed or sheltered

Illicium anisatum

Foliage: Evergreen

Colour in Autumn

Full sun and Partial shade

Habit: Bushy

Colour in Spring

Aspect: South-facing

Fragrance: Flower

Colour in Summer

Exposure: sheltered

Foliage: Deciduous

Colour in Autumn

Habit: Pendulous/Weeping

Colour in Spring

Fragrance: Flower

Colour in Summer Colour in Winter

Malus ‘Royalty’

Soil: Sand, Loam

Full shade and Partial shade Aspect: North-facing or East-facing or South-facing or West-facing

Soil: Loam, Clay, Sand, Chalk

Full Sun and Partial shade

Habit: Bushy

Colour in Spring

Aspect:North-facing or East-facing or South-facing or West-facing

Habit: Pendulous/Weeping

Full Sun Aspect:South-facing or North-facing or Westfacing or East-facing Exposure: Exposed or Sheltered

The building façade is covered by 2 to 3-meter height trees and shrubs, oriented to make best use of light and shade in containers on cantilevered terraces.

The colour of the plants will be changed by seasons and years

- Ultimate height 2.5-4 metres - Ultimate spread 2.5-4 metres - Time to ultimate height: 10-20 years

Exposure: exposed or sheltered

Colour in Autumn

Colour in Spring

- Ultimate height 2.5-4 metres

- Time to ultimate height:10-20 years

Foliage: Deciduous

Foliage: Deciduous

- Ultimate spread 2.5-4 metres

- Ultimate spread 2.5-4 metres

Soil: Loam, Clay, Sand, Chalk

Exposure: Exposed or Sheltered

Cherry ‘Kiku-shidare-zakura’

- Ultimate height 2.5-4 metres

- Time to ultimate height:10-20 years

Colour in Winter

Crab apple ‘Red Jade’

Size

- Ultimate height 4-8 metres - Ultimate spread 4-8 metres Time to ultimate height: 20-50 years

Soil: Sand, Clay, Chalk, Loam

-Ultimate height 2.5-4 metres - Ultimate spread 2.5-4 metres - Time to ultimate height: 20-50 years

35/

P5.

DESIGN THESIS FACADE STUDIES

Facade grid studies Profile

Vertical Load

Isometric

Model

Shadow

Type 1

Type 2

Type 3

Type 4

Type 5

36/

P5.

DESIGN THESIS

FACADE STUDIES

Type 6

Type 7

Type 8

Type 9

The load-bearing façade walls combined with different sized perforations, allows to fill it in with the insect’s hotel.

The façade provides habitats for different species, such as bees, butterflies, birds and other insects.

Different size of the habitats hotel are design for different species.

1850mm 1850mm

2150mm 2150mm

The prefabricated habitat hotel design is to aim to reduce maintenance cost.

The metal plates designed on the façade edge is to protect and control the wood façade humidity.

1850mm 1850mm

2150mm 2150mm

3000mm 76° 76°

3000mm

3073mm 3073mm

104°

300mm

104°

300mm

Each of the facade design was base 2 panel, while each design with various opening and gird.

37/

P5.

DESIGN THESIS

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

Roof Garden, Green Terrace and Green Facade

The grey area shows the external facade

38/

P5.

DESIGN THESIS

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

Public Space

The floor grid is using 7.5m x 7.5m structural grid to create a column and beam structure. Three vertical cores are located at the each corner of the site to support the structure. The building is divided by levels in three different functions. The lower three levels of the building combine with different facilities are used for the conference center and events, which provided conference hall, meeting room, café, and restaurant. The flexible gallery space and external green terrace are located in the middle of the building. The green terrace will be the part of exhibition area.

The upper four floors are used for the rental office.

The ground floor courtyard provides a space for people to relax.

The building façade inspired by the Vertical studio II project. Double layer zig zag façade are design on the main façade. The zig-zag form provides a platform for the uses. In the technical aspect, the double layer zig zag façade has benefit for the environment but also reduce the sound pollution from the street. The outter layer of the façade will be designed for the sun shading.

Gallery Space

Office Space

39/

P5.

DESIGN THESIS

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

9m x 9m grid with vertical core in the public space

9m x 9m grid with vertical core in the gallery space

9m x 9m grid with vertical core in the office space

40/

P5.

DESIGN THESIS

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

This project aims to improve environmental conditions of Nottingham by prompting an eco-infrastructure architecture. The project is uses an ecosystem and biodiversity enhance the habitat on the building faรงade to improve the environmental conditions, also benefit the sense of the architectural experience, creates a healthier environment for the people who work in the building. The eco-infrastructure has variety of advantage for the urban city.

Using eco-infrastructure as the design principle, can minimize environmental impact, reduce the construction cost, increase employment opportunities and create value, and also creates a healthier environment for the people who work and live in the building.

In this design process, I have defined the location of greenery on each floor. On the lower three floor, the greenery space is only located at the external square interact with the large public square, which provides a large green space for the city.

The green terraces at the gallery area create a healthier environment for the people who work in the building. The green roof has been designed in the building.

7.5m x 7.5m grid with vertical core in the public space

7.5m x 7.5m grid with vertical core in the gallery space

7.5m x 7.5m grid with vertical core in the office space

41/

P5.

DESIGN THESIS

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

42/

P5.

DESIGN THESIS

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

1st Floor

Ground Floor

3th Floor

5th Floor

2nd Floor

4th Floor

6th Floor

7th Floor

8th Floor

43/

P5.

DESIGN THESIS

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

Reflection Ceiling Plan

44/

P5.

DESIGN THESIS

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

At this stage, by use, the zig zag form as the building faรงade create more external and internal green space for office area. The balcony is covered by different plants and shrubs, oriented to sun. the green terrace on the office space to adjust the temperature of the building. Each balcony accessed from each floor. The zig zag load bearing wall is completely used renewable material timber. The rising floor is designed for the irrigation system.

0m

0m

Section A-A 5m 5m

45/

P5.

DESIGN THESIS

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

46/

P5.

DESIGN THESIS

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

6th Floor

6th Floor

6th Floor

5th Floor

5th Floor

5th Floor

47/

P5.

DESIGN THESIS

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

Isometric Exploded Drawing shows the basic timber column and beam structure

Isometric drawing shows the basic timber column and beam structure

48/

P5.

DESIGN THESIS

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

Isometric Exploded Drawing shows the timber column and beam facade

Isometric Drawing shows the timber column and beam structure with sun shading facade

49/

P5.

DESIGN THESIS

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

A

A

The image shows the facade grid

The image shows the shadow effect of perforated facade

Section A-A

50/

P5.

DESIGN THESIS

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

The position of the cantilevered terraces in the office spaces is towards the orientation of the sun.

By increasing greenery in the working spaces, it creates a more natural view to satisfying users. The extension of façade wall has been manipulated according to the orientation and angle of the sun. On the upper floors, the façade wall has been extended 2 meters, which is represented as the shading system. However, the extension has been decreasing on the lower floors, which allows maximum natural light into the building.

The load-bearing façade walls combined with different sized perforations, allows to fill it in with the insect’s hotel.

Facade internal view

The building structure is entirely made of wood.

The reason of using wood structure in comparison to steel and concrete, wood can reduce the greenhouse gas emissions during construction process and store carbon in the building.

Glued laminated timber column and beam structure with mass cross-laminated wall and floor system establish the building structure. Three vertical cores are located on the each corner of the site to support the structure.

Facade external view

51/

P5.

DESIGN THESIS

N

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

The aim of the project is improving environmental conditions in Nottingham through Eco-infrastructure architecture. This project emphasizes on transforming our living environment toward eco-friendly by promoting and producing the sustainability strategy and eco-infrastructure into the architecture. Use it to improve the sense of the architectural experience and creates a healthier environment for the people who work and live in the building.

Site: The site is located in the eastside regeneration zone of the central Nottingham. It is located in the center of the new master plan. The huge public square is located in the front of the site. The new tramline and extension of shopping street are located on the both side of the site.

It represents a friendly and welcome entrance for the whole redevelopment area. The reason I choose this site because I need maximum nature sunlight into the building. The whole area will install 9-storey mix-used buildings. Conference hall with cafĂŠ and restaurant on the ground floor to the 2nd floor, the gallery is in the middle of the building, up to the top is office space. create a green infrastructure within a commercial building Programme: the building divided by levels in 3 different functions. conference at ground floor with restaurant, cafĂŠ, shop, office space at the top; exhibition space in between. Conference space access at east corner connects the big square with predestines street. The exhibition space, as a more flexible use, it acts as an interface between the public space and the more private office. The gallery access at south corner is engaging with the big public square. Offices access at northwest corner responding to the significant vehicular approach from the town center. Green sloped roof with external green terraces is located in the building.

Plan: Public space with internal and external seating area. Gallery has double high external terraces with ramp. Use the zig zag form creates more flexible green terrace at the office space.

0m

50m

Site Plan

52/

P5.

DESIGN THESIS

N

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

Gallery

Office

Ex r te en

re

lG

na ea

Ar

Typical Floor Plan: 6th Floor

Typical Floor Plan: 4th Floor

Office

Sitting Area

C

af

e

an

d

Ba

r

Conference Hall

0

5m

10m

20m

Typical Floor Plan: 1th Floor

Typical Floor Plan: 7th Floor

53/

P5.

DESIGN THESIS

N

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

Sitting Area

Office

A

A

0

5m

10m

20m

Typical Floor Plan: 5th Floor

54/

P5.

DESIGN THESIS

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

0

5m

10m

20m

Ceiling Plan

55/

P5.

DESIGN THESIS

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

0m

5m

10m

20m

South Elevation

56/

P5.

DESIGN THESIS

1 2 4 7 9

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

10

Façade: Use zig-zag load bearing wall as the building facade. Timber is the main structural system used in the building. because it is completely renewable building material. It also zeroes embodied energy because it’s grown with solar power. It’s strong and light, also easy work with.

In this building, the wood is completely visible to the users. It is no hidden behind protective plasterboard. It creates a high-quality working environment.

14

15 16 17 13 11

On the façade, it uses timber frame with recycled material, such as the wood stick, leaves, straws. to create habitats for insect and brides. So by providing homes we can contribute to their conservation.

12

The green slab roof can recycle the rainwater and irrigate for the plants on the balconies. Use green terrace, green roof and insect habitats create of shared friend enlivenments for users and neighbors.

Structural Detail 1.Green Roof Seed Mix 2. Green Roof Substrate 3. Filter Layer 4. Drainage Layer 5. Protection Mat 6. Waterproof Membrane 7. Insulation 8. Vapour Control Layer 9. Plywood Deck 10. Timber ceiling cladding 400mmx400mm 11. Timber Beam 100mm x 400mm 12. Steel Window Frame 13. timber Beam 300mm x 600mm 14. Glulam Timber Facade 300mm 15. Timber Floor Deck 16. Floor rising 17. Timber Floor Slab

0m

Section A-A

0m

5m

5m

57/

P5.

DESIGN THESIS

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

Ceiling Cladding

Column

Timber Floor

Timber Facade

Structural Diagram

58/

P5.

DESIGN THESIS

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

The prefabricate faรงade was first designed with perforation and each was fill in with hebetic box. And each of the individual was redesigned and combined into one system which maintenance through one opening.

This is more efficient and reduce the maintenance cost.

The metal plates designed on the faรงade edge is to protect and control the wood faรงade humidity.

The image shows the facade connection detail

59/

P5.

DESIGN THESIS

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

Southwest facade in Spring and Winter

Southwest facade in Autumn and Summer

60/

P5.

DESIGN THESIS

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

External Perspective View: Facade

61/

P5.

DESIGN THESIS

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

Internal Perspective View: Office

62/

P5.

DESIGN THESIS

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

Internal Perspective View: Conference Hall

63/

P5.

DESIGN THESIS

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

Site Plan

Office Space (5, 6, 7, 8)

Gallery Space (3, 4)

Public Space (Botanical Conservation Center) Ground Floor: Restaurant, Cafe 1st Floor: Library & Archive 2nd Floor: Education & Learning Functional Diagram

Botanical Conservation Center At this stage, I have change the public function of the building to Botanical Conservation Center. The lower three level of the building combine with different facilities are used for Botanical Conservation, which provide a herbarium library and achieve, education learning room and cafÊ. The reason of change the public function it because the building façade covered by different type of plants. By install a Botanical Conservation Center in the site, it provide a education space for people who interested in protecting nature.

Botanical Conservation center is a herbarium centre of an information network that brings together botanists from around the world and also share collection resources with others.

The herbarium center provide the collection, conservation and education on plant biodiversity.

A herbarium is a collection of preserved plants stored, catalogued and arranged systematically for study by both professional taxonomists (scientists who name plants), botanists and amateurs. A herbarium is also like a library or vast catalogue and each plant specimen has its own unique information - where it was found, when it flowers and what it looks like. They can also be used to provide samples of DNA for research, as DNA remains intact for many years. It is usually used for evolutionary studies and is routinely extracted from herbarium specimens.

64/

P5.

DESIGN THESIS

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

1.Restaurant, Cafe

Square Botanical Conservation Center Lobby Herbarium Library

Herbarium Library Lobby

2. Library & Archive

Herbarium Library

3.Education & Learning Workshop 4. Office 5. Green Terrace 6. Roof Terrace 7. Seating Area

Ground Floor

1st Floor

Herbarium Workshop 5

Education & Learning Room

3th Floor

2nd Floor

4th Floor

4

4

4

4 6 5

5th Floor

6th Floor

7th Floor

8th Floor

65/

P5.

DESIGN THESIS

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

Southwest Elevation

66/

P5.

DESIGN THESIS

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

A

A

The design thesis theme is mainly focus to improving the habitat on this design stage. The building will represent a showcase of sustainable habitats. The cantilevered terraces will install on the inner faรงade to the central void. The lighter plants will be consider use in the inner faรงade that to avoid compromising the pass of natural light especially on the north facing planes.

The image shows the facade grid

0m

Section A-A

0m

The image shows the shadow effect of perforated facade

5m

5m

67/

P5.

DESIGN THESIS

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

N

The Nottingham Wildlife Trust is the proposed client for the public activities in the project.

The Nottingham Wildlife Trust Centre (NWTC) is located in the central of the redevelopment area, adjacent to the large central Public Square and tram stop. It represents a friendly and welcoming entrance of the whole redevelopment area. The 8 storey building contains 9,260 m2 of office and education space, which integrates with the Nottinghamshire Wildlife Trust Organization providing a space for students, researchers, professionals and other people who are interested in protecting wild animals and places, and educate people about protecting nature. NWTC is a valuable open space for the local community, it achieves to create a living landscape for local communities to secure water resources and influence people on how important nature is in our life and to take action for nature conservation.

The building program and form will be following to the four points of the eco-infrastructure principle such as engineering eco-infrastructure, ecological eco-infrastructure, human eco-infrastructure, water eco-infrastructure. The eco-infrastructure will help make the building extremely energy efficient. The aim of using eco-infrastructure in the design, not only for minimizing environmental impact, reducing the construction cost, creating value, but also to improve people’s awareness of environmental protection and encourage people towards a more balanced and harmonious development of human habitat and nature.

The NWTC is divided by levels in three different functions. The lower three levels of the building combine with different facilities are used for Nottinghamshire Wildlife Trust Organization, which provides a library & archive, classrooms, and cafĂŠ. Upper floors are the office spaces, which are used for Wildlife Trust Organization and rental office, and the flexible exhibition space in the middle with a huge external green terrace.

A different function of the building is the access from different entrances and exits, which provides a clear circulation for different users. The pointed arch gothic style has been designed in the library and archive area, which provide a silence and dignified atmosphere.

The exhibition space, a flexible use area, acts as an interface between the public space which is Wildlife Trust Centre and the private office space. The exhibition space access is at the northeast corner, which engages with the public square. The reason to have green terraces in the exhibition area is not only for the increase in green infrastructure in the building but also to allow more natural light into the north side of the building.

5m

10m

15m

20m

25m

Ground Floor Plan

68/

P5.

DESIGN THESIS

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

A

A

2nd Floor Plan: Education Room

5th Floor Plan: Office

8th Floor Plan: Office

1st Floor Plan: Library & Archive

4th Floor Plan: Gallery

6th Floor Plan: Office

5m

15m

25m

69/

P5.

DESIGN THESIS

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

5m

10m

15m

20m

25m

Typical Floor Plan: 7th Floor

70/

P5.

DESIGN THESIS

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

5m

10m

15m

20m

25m

Ceiling Plan

71/

P5.

DESIGN THESIS

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

5m

10m

15m

20m

25m

Southwest Elevation

72/

P5.

DESIGN THESIS

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT Vertical Core 1

Office Space (5, 6, 7, 8) Gallery Space (3, 4) Vertical Core 2

Public Space (0, 1, 2)

Functional Diagram

Timber Ceiling Cladding

Glulam Column

Cross-laminated timber Floor

Glulam Column

Structural Diagram

The building façade is aiming to the improvement of environmental conditions, with an emphasis on enhancing the habitat and biodiversity. The building façade is covered by 2 to 3-meter height trees and shrub, which are located towards the orientation of the sun. All the trees and shrubs are located in the containers of the cantilevered terraces. The load-bearing façade walls combined with different sized perforations, allows filling it in with the insect’s hotel. By install insect’s hotel and greenery on the façade, it is an approach to contribute to the reforestation in the urban city and increase urban biodiversity without expanding the city land.

The building structure is entirely made of wood.

Glued laminated timber column and beam structure with mass cross-laminated wall and floor system establish the building structure.

Three vertical core located on the each corner of the site to support the structure. The building is not only show the aesthetic value of the wood but also provide a sustainable strategy of use timber structure in the low-rise building.

73/

P5.

DESIGN THESIS

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

Southwest facade in Spring and Winter

Southwest facade in Autumn and Summer

74/

P5.

DESIGN THESIS

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

Left Elevation with Column

Left Elevation with Cantilever Terrace

Left Elevation with Greenery Area

75/

P5.

DESIGN THESIS

B

A

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

A

B

Section A-A

76/

P5.

DESIGN THESIS

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

Section B-B

77/

P5.

DESIGN THESIS

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

The faรงade provides habitats for different species, such as bees, butterflies, birds and other insects. By installing insect habitat on the faรงade, not only for the ornament, but to also achieve to bring biodiversity back into the city and protect wildlife.

The image shows different type of habitats fill into the facade.

A

A

Isometric drawing of facade panel

Section A-A

78/

P5.

DESIGN THESIS

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

Isometric Drawing: Facade

Street View

79/

P5.

DESIGN THESIS

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

External View: Facade

Library and Archive

80/

P5.

DESIGN THESIS

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

Office Space

Ground Floor Courtyard

81/

P5.

DESIGN THESIS

N

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

The Ground floor courtyard is layout in this design stage.

Redesigning the square, to create a public green area, interact with the public piazza and respect the green infrastructure of Nottingham.

The building is divided into three main function and connect to individual entrance.

The courtyard gird is use as circulation and direct visitor to different functional area.

In the other hand, the previous double column made the room dark and narrow. By replacing in single column, an extensive room with bright and relax atmosphere is given.

Gothic arch was used in the previous design of the library and archive room. It was replaced by the soffits cladding, in the same way as the office space.

5m

10m

15m

20m

25m

Ground Floor Plan

82/

P5.

DESIGN THESIS

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

A

A

2nd Floor Plan: Education Room

5th Floor Plan: Office

8th Floor Plan: Office

1st Floor Plan: Library & Archive

4th Floor Plan: Gallery

6th Floor Plan: Office

5m

15m

25m

83/

P5.

DESIGN THESIS

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

5m

10m

15m

20m

25m

Typical Floor Plan: 7th Floor

84/

P5.

DESIGN THESIS

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

5m

10m

15m

20m

25m

Ceiling Plan

85/

P5.

DESIGN THESIS

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

Ground Floor Plan: Courtyard

86/

P5.

DESIGN THESIS

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

5m

10m

15m

20m

25m

Southwest Elevation

87/

P5.

DESIGN THESIS

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

External View

Office Space

88/

P5.

DESIGN THESIS

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

Library and Archive

89/

P5.

DESIGN THESIS

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

Lobby

90/

P5.

DESIGN THESIS

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

Courtyard

91/

P5.

DESIGN THESIS

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

Street View

Facade Screen

92/

P5.

DESIGN THESIS

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

Warm Eye View

External View

93/

P5.

DESIGN THESIS

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

External View

94/

P5.

DESIGN THESIS

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

Green Terrace

Large scale model

STRUCTURAL STRATEGY CONSTRUCTION METHOD FABRICATION ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS

96/

P6.

DESIGN THESIS

TECHNICAL INVESTIGATIONS

Glulam column and beam structure

Cross-laminated timber floor system

(Timber column intersected by two pairs of glulam beams)

Glulam facade with insect hotel

Cantilevered terraces

The faรงade provides habitats for different species, such as bees, butterflies, birds and other insects

The building faรงade is covered by 2 to 3-meter height trees and shrub, which are located towards the orientation of the sun. All the trees and shrubs are located in the containers of the cantilevered terraces

Thermal glazed window

Irrigation and Rainwater recycle system

Reynaers Aluminium window CS68. CS68 is a thermallybroken, multi-chambered system for windows that offers excellent levels of security, weather resistance and thermal insulation.

The rainwater harvesting system, grey water recycling, and sustainable drainage have been designing within the building.

Natural cross ventilation

97/

P6.

DESIGN THESIS

TECHNICAL INVESTIGATIONS STRUCTURAL STRATEGY

Structural Diagram: Structural Core and Shear Wall

Cantilevered Terrace on the southwest facade

Structural Diagram: column, beam structure

Cantilevered Terrace with timber facade on the southwest facade

98/

P6.

DESIGN THESIS

TECHNICAL INVESTIGATIONS STRUCTURAL STRATEGY

3250mm

7500mm

12000mm

32

50

m

75

00

m

m

m

Structural Column Non- Structural Column

Shear Wall Structural Beam

Structural Plan: Typical Floor

99/

P6.

DESIGN THESIS

TECHNICAL INVESTIGATIONS STRUCTURAL STRATEGY

1 4

2

3

Vertical Core 1

Office Space (5, 6, 7, 8) Gallery Space (3, 4) Vertical Core 2

Public Space (0, 1, 2) Isometric drawing of facade bay shows column beam and floor system

Functional Diagram

1. Glulam column is intersected by two pairs of glulam beams 2. CLT floor system covered with the fire-retardant coating 3. Cantilever terrace overlap on the beam 4. Beam- to -Beam Connections using Concealed Plates

100/

P6.

DESIGN THESIS

TECHNICAL INVESTIGATIONS

Detail 4

Detail 3 Detail 2

Detail 1

Section A-A

101/

P6.

DESIGN THESIS

TECHNICAL INVESTIGATIONS TECHNICAL ASPECTS The detail shows the connection between the column, beam, and cantilever terrace.

The cantilever terrace made by 10mm steel container box. The steel truss designed in the box, which allowed increasing the rigidity of the terrace. Use timber as the finish that is to increase the aesthetic of the overall building faรงade.

The cantilever terrace overlapped on the main beam, also connected by the steel plate and bolt.

Detail 3: Isometric drawing of cantilevered terrace connection with finished floor (detail see technical thesis p39)

The detail shows the connection between the columns. Concrete slab used on the ground floor and helps protect the timber from moisture. The raised steel joints can stop the moisture from the ground and also reduce maintenance cost.

Detail 1: Isometric drawing of foundation connection finished floor (detail see technical thesis p36)

102/

P6.

DESIGN THESIS

TECHNICAL INVESTIGATIONS TECHNICAL ASPECTS The detail shows the connection between floor, column and beam. The most important of this detail is the CLT floor system with notched glulam column. The CLT floor system uses overlapped CLT panel combine with the floor rise create a simple and clearly floor system for the building irrigation. The services pipe and acoustical performance layer are in between of the CLT floor panels. Fire stopping provided at the joints between CLT panels. Heavy glulam columns beam construction incorporate with CLT floor and mass solid timber panel achieve 60 minutes fire resistance rate. The CLT floor, wall, column and beam covered with the fire-retardant coating to reduce the flame spread. The notched glulam column creates the moment connection and easy to assembled on the site.

Detail 2: Isometric drawing of Glulam column and beam connection with finished floor (detail see technical thesis p38)

The rainwater harvesting system, grey water recycling, and sustainable drainage have been designing within the building.

The rainwater will harvest from the green roof, a vertical distribution through the vertical core to the water tank in the basement. The faรงade irrigation system will be distributed horizontally through the raised floor to each cantilevered terrace.

The rainwater harvested from the green roof, collected through the drainage retention and distribution through the vertical core and external drainage pipe.

The external drainage pipe only designs hide behind the column in the void space, which keeps aesthetic values of timber faรงade. The gutter designed hide back of the wood block is also to keep the aesthetic values of timber faรงade.

Detail 4: Isometric drawing of green roof with glulam column (detail see technical thesis p41)

103/

P6.

DESIGN THESIS

TECHNICAL INVESTIGATIONS FABRICATION ASPECTS

1850mm

1850mm

2150mm

2150mm

1850mm

1850mm

2150mm

Isometric drawing shows facade panel connection: steel plates and bolts

3000mm

Final form of the glulam facade

2150mm

300mm Component elevation (component dimension in 1:1 scale) 76° 104°

3073mm

The façade panel is produced by the rectangle components. The two different type components composition of the building facade. Each component dived in two parts, which allow easy to transport to the site and easy to build with. The component connected by the steel plate with bolts.

The reason of use this connection it because it creates a clear finish on the glulam timber. The sharp edge of the component gives aesthetic values of timber.

3000mm 104°

76°

300mm

3073mm

Component plan (component dimension in 1:1 scale)

Fabrication specification detail: Glulam facade (insect hotel fill into the glulam column)

104/

P6.

DESIGN THESIS

TECHNICAL INVESTIGATIONS ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS

Grey water recycle

Rain water recycle

Rain water recycle

Water irrigation system diagram

Water eco-infrastructure is designed in the building. The rainwater harvesting system, grey water recycling, and sustainable drainage have been designing within the building. The rainwater will harvest from the green roof, a vertical distribution through the vertical core to the water tank in the basement. The faรงade irrigation system will be distributed horizontally through the raised floor to each cantilevered terrace. Humidity sensors will be installed in each container to control the humidity of the plants. The irrigation system will be applied to the data record system, which avoids water loss.

Ventilation System diagram

The big void space in the middle of the building which allows natural sunlight into the building to avoid the use of artificial light in the day, also designs a natural cross ventilation system in the building which benefits to energy efficiency.

105/

P6.

DESIGN THESIS

TECHNICAL INVESTIGATIONS ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS

On the green eco-infrastructure aspect, the façade provides habitats for different species, such as bees, butterflies, birds and other insects. The colour of the plants will be changed by seasons and years. By installing greenery with insect habitat on the façade, not only for the ornament, but to also achieve to bring biodiversity back into the city and protect wildlife. According to the report by Living Green City 2015, it demonstrates that 1m² of living wall produces 1.7 kg oxygen, extracts 2.3kg of CO2 and reduces 8dB noise per year (Living Green City, 2015). The advantage of the green façade design in the urban scale includes reducing the urban heat island effect, Biodiversity air temperature mitigation, absorbing noise pollution, and dust; carbon sequestering; increasing biodiversity; improving natural habitats for different species, and improving the aesthetic appeal. In the building scale, the contribution of green façade includes benefiting the health of the users; improving the building energy efficiency; improving the air quality of the building internal space; protecting the building’s envelope; reducing the noise pollution; shading for cooling and agricultural benefits.

O2

H20

CO2 H2O

Dust

Acoustic

Advantage of Nottingham Wildlife Trust Center in the environmental aspect

106/

Rainwater Recycle

Summer

P6.

DESIGN THESIS

TECHNICAL INVESTIGATIONS ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS

The benifit of green façade design in the urban scale include: 30℃

21℃

Biodiversity

Winter

- Reduce of urban heat island effect - Air temperature mitigation - Improve the air quality of the city - Absorption noise pollution and dust - Carbon sequestering - Increase biodiversity - Improve natural habitats for different species - Improve the aesthetic appeal.

In the building scale, the benifit of green façade includes:

CO2

O2

H2O

Captures small dust particles

Protects from the wind

Reduces accoustic pollution

Air flow through the structure Environmental Diagram

- Benefit the health of the users - Improve the building energy efficiency - Improve the air quality of the building internal space - Protect the building’s envelope - Reduce the noise pollution - Shading for cooling - Agricultural benefits

FINAL DESIGN

108/

P7.

DESIGN THESIS FINAL DESIGN

Site Plan

0

50m

100m

200m

109/

P7.

DESIGN THESIS FINAL DESIGN

10m

20m

30m

40m

50m

Context Plan

110/

P7.

DESIGN THESIS FINAL DESIGN

2nd Floor Plan: Education Room

4th Floor Plan: Gallery

6th Floor Plan: Office

1st Floor Plan: Library & Archive

3th Floor Plan: Gallery

5th Floor Plan: Office 5m

15m

25m

111/

P7.

DESIGN THESIS FINAL DESIGN

5m

10m

15m

20m

25m

Typical Floor Plan: 7th Floor

112/

P7.

DESIGN THESIS FINAL DESIGN

Ceiling Plan

5m

10m

15m

20m

25m

113/

P7.

DESIGN THESIS FINAL DESIGN

2m

4m

6m

8m

10m

Southwest Elevation

114/

P7.

DESIGN THESIS FINAL DESIGN

Section A-A

115/

P7.

DESIGN THESIS FINAL DESIGN

Isometric Drawing of Nottingham wildlife trust center

116/

P7.

DESIGN THESIS FINAL DESIGNT

Isometric warm eye view

117/

P7.

DESIGN THESIS FINAL DESIGN

118/

P7.

DESIGN THESIS FINAL DESIGN

119/

P7.

DESIGN THESIS FINAL DESIGN

120/

P7.

DESIGN THESIS FINAL DESIGN

121/

P7.

DESIGN THESIS FINAL DESIGN

122/

P7.

DESIGN THESIS FINAL DESIGN

123/

P7.

DESIGN THESIS FINAL DESIGN

124/

P7.

DESIGN THESIS FINAL DESIGN