WOODBURY_2015F_ARCH_491 / Ivan Avila Gomez & Eric Martinez

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Ivan Avila Gomez & Eric Martinez

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ARCH 491: Studio 5A

Part 1 / Learning from the Past

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Antoni Gaudi

Students: Ivan Avila & Eric Martinez

1. Antoni Gaudi 1.1 Early Life On June 25th 1852, Antoni Gaudi is born in Campo De Tarragona, Catalonia. At the age of 6, Gaudi suffered from rheumatism, which were to re-cure occasionally throughout his life. Gaudi’s education was greatly affected by this illness: he had spend long hours in the country house. During his childhood stays at the country house, with its cheerful flowering plants in pots and surrounded by vineyards and olive groves. “Gaudi was impress by the purest and most pleasurable images of nature, the nature that he called his “teacher”.

Figure 1.

Portrait of Antoni Gaudi / Gaudi's Bar Weight Experiment- Image sources from (Antoni Gaudi "The Complete Buildings", 1997)

1.2 Design Process During his studies at the Barcelona Higher school of Architecture, he feel in love with the organic and anarchic geometric forms of nature. Rafael Gustavino, a Spanish architect and builder, first commission was Batlo Hnos, a structure that was studied by the students Barcelon Higher school of Architecutre.

Figure 2.

Montserrat Mountains-Image Source (http://www.femturisme.cat/en/routes/montserrat-symbol-of-catalonia)

Some of his greatest inspirations came from visits to the mountains of Monstserrat, the caves of Mallorca, the crag of Fra Guerau in the Prades Mountains behind Reus.

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ARCH 491: Studio 5A

Part 1 / Learning from the Past

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Antoni Gaudi

Students: Ivan Avila & Eric Martinez

1.3 Antoni Gaudi's different hats

The Thinker Sensible Man The Citizen

Antoni Gaudi

The Architect Religious Man

Liturgist

The Thinker Antoni Gaudi came to distrust books thoroughly and he was quick to pick out their inaccuracies Sensible Man As a young man, he liked to dress stylishly and elegantly and his everyday apparel, including a top hat. Gaudi was strongly against any form of Disputes, because disputes never shed light; they merely feed ones ego.

The Citizen Gaudi was intensely interested in public affairs and readily followed developments on the political scene The Architect Architects creates organisms and therefore must be governed by the law of that is in consonance with the laws of na ture; architects who do not observe law create oddities rather than work of art.

Figure 1.

La Sagrada Familia. Image Source (Antoni Gaudi "The Complete Buildings", 1997)

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ARCH 491: Studio 5A

Part 1 / Learning from the Past

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Antoni Gaudi

Students: Ivan Avila & Eric Martinez

2. The Guell Colony Crypt 2.1. Significance Intended to be a Church. Situated in a textile village 20 minutes outside Barcelona. Architectural laboratory for Gaudi’s, magnum opus, the Sagrada Familia. The church of the Colonia Guell is where Gaudi brought together all of his architectural innovations.

The Guell Colony Crypt Calle Claudi Güell, 08690 Colònia Güell, Santa Coloma de Cervelló, Barcelona, Spain 1898 - 1917 Eusebi Guell Crypt // Chapel // Burial Place

Figure 1.

The Colonia Guell Crypt Portico. Image Source (http://www.gaudicoloniaguell.org/en/what-visit/gaudis-crypt)

2.2. Design Process The sketch of the Colonia Guell church was based on picture of a quite unique model: Gaudi had hung little buckshot-filled sacks on strings. The sacks corresponded (1:10,000) to the pressure which, according to his calculations, the columns and arches would have to bear. This gave him an inverted model of the entire structure of the building.

Figure 2.

Inverted funicular model / Study for the nave of the church drawn on an inverted photograph of the funicular model / Sketch of the Colonia Guell Church facade. Image Sources-Left("gaudi"by Lara Vinca Masini,1970),Middle(http://www.coloniaguellbarcelona.com/web_ing/),Right(Antoni Gaudi "The Complete Buildings", 2002)

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ARCH 491: Studio 5A

Part 1 / Learning from the Past

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Antoni Gaudi

Students: Ivan Avila & Eric Martinez

2.3. Materials and construction methods For the columns, Gaudi experimented with paraboloid shapes, which led him gradually to helicoidal forms. The material depends on the load, the four columns supporting the central dome are basalt from Castellfollit de la Roca, with lead instead of mortar joints, to keep their section from being excessive, while others are Garraf stone or worked bricks, in case of those bearing the lightest loads.

Figure 1.

Both in the portico and in the crypt, we find the first Gaudinian pillars, their tops taking the form of branching columns. Image Sources: Left (http:// www.gaudicoloniaguell.org/en/what-visit/gaudis-crypt), Right (http://personal.strath.ac.uk/j.wood/Biomimetics/Inspirational%20people/Antoni%20Gaudi_files/Antoni%20Gaudi.htm) Hyperbolic paraboloid

Figure 2.

Helicoid

Hyperboloid

Gaudi's designs were based on the assembly of different geometries: hyperbolic paraboloid, helicoid and hyperboloid. Image Source- (Anotoni Gaudi "Expiatory Church of the Sagrada Familia",1993)

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ARCH 491: Studio 5A

Part 1 / Learning from the Past

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Antoni Gaudi

Students: Ivan Avila & Eric Martinez

3. Guell Park (1900-1914) 3.1. Significance Guell Park a dense pine forest, with magnificent avenues lined with palm tress. When Gaudi was commission to start working here, there was no fragment of a park. The land had no springs, the land was barren, the slopes bereft of all vegetation. The design by Gaudi was the reason trees and bushes which no grow here. The straightforward park, a recreational center for Barcelona’s inhabitants, is not what was originally planned. The original plan for Guell Park was a colony, a paradise of homes, a town of vegetation.

Park Guell Carrer d'Olot, s/n, 08024 Carmel Hill Barcelona, Spain 1900 - 1914 Eusebi Guell Park

Figure 1.

Gruell Park Site Plan. Image Source- (Antoni Gaudi "The Complete Buildings", 2002)

3.2 Design Influences Guell Park would be intended as a counter balance to the increasing industrialization of the cities. The example set by the more organic Romantic gardens also most assuredly played a role in the project. With their well-kept ambiance that nevertheless bears the stamp of natural vegetation.

Figure 2.

Guell Park Entrance. Image Source- (Antoni Gaudi "The Complete Buildings", 2002)

The purpose for Guell Park was to hold 60 triangular allotments were foreseen for this project; they were meant to be situated on an expansive, steep lope so that the buildings would not mar the view of the city. Unfortunately the plan failed, only two lots were sold, and one of those lots was bought by Gaudi himself.

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ARCH 491: Studio 5A

Part 1 / Learning from the Past

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Antoni Gaudi

Students: Ivan Avila & Eric Martinez

3.3 Material and Construction Methods The Entrance area was beautifully adorned with mosaic medallions by Joseph M. Jujol, and along the ceilings of the hall of the columns. Gaudi greatly respected Jujol, if it hadn’t been for the work of his collaborator , Jujol, who is a specialist in such ceramic work, the overall construction might be less sumptuous and luxurious.

Figure 1.

Columned hall. The roof, which simultaneously serves as the floor for the Greek theatre, is supported by Doric columns. Image Source- (Antoni Gaudi "The Complete Buildings", 2002)

Figure 2.

Multi-colored mosaic salamander, at the entrance to the Park Guell. Image Source- (Antoni Gaudi "The Complete Buildings", 2002)

Gaudi followed the dictates of nature in designing the paths and roads. Instead of leveling hill he created a number of cavernous passageways formed by oblique supporting walls and pillars. Once the overall form of the passageways, the spaces remain open for his collaborator Jujol, he installed some fascinating, large scale medallion like decorations. The “endless bench” did not follow any clear line. The bench winds its way into different curves by the geometry of the giant terrace. In this way it offers seating spaces for people to form small intimate groups in which to conversation. In this place of his work Gaudi attached greatest importance to an organic method of building.

Figure 3.

Sectional drawing of a curved walk on a viaduct in the Park Guell, with indications of loads and impulses. Image Source (antoni gaudi "Work and Projects", 1987)

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Figure 4.

Cavernous Passageways. Image Source (antoni gaudi "Work and Projects", 1987)

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ARCH 491: Studio 5A

Part 1 / Learning from the Past

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Antoni Gaudi

Students: Ivan Avila & Eric Martinez

4. Contemporary Gaudi 4.1. Historical Structural Presence Constructing vaults was mastered by the Romans, but it evolved as time passed. The Catalan vaulting technique developed by Antoni Gaudi and Rafael Gustavino produced spectacular structures during the first half of the twentieth century. Contemporary shell structures reference to this structurally highly efficient construction technique; with the aid of modern technology, parametric and generative CAD.

Figure 1.

Nested Catenaries is an ongoing research project in the performance-oriented design research area that investigates the structural and multi-functional capacity of masonry catenary arches and vaults. RCAT – Research Centre for Architecture and Tectonics, AHO Oslo School of Architecture and Design. 2010

Figure 2.

The Catalan Vault. Philippe Block, Matthias Rippmann. 2013

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ARCH 491: Studio 5A

Part 1 / Learning from the Past

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Antoni Gaudi

Students: Ivan Avila & Eric Martinez

Figure 3.

Parametric Timber Pavilion, designed by Ramboll Computational Design is based on a form-found surface based on a mathematical idealization of the traditional Antoni Gaudi or Frei Otto approach but modified to a more realistic form using original research. 2013

Figure 4.

The Gaudi pavilion is an inflatable structure 28m long, 12m wide and 9m high. The covered surface is 250m2. The Gaudi Institute mobile exhibition, 2002.

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ARCH 491: Studio 5A

Part 1 / Learning from the Past

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Antoni Gaudi

Students: Ivan Avila & Eric Martinez

5. Structural Sketch Model

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ARCH 491: Studio 5A

Part 1 / Learning from the Past

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Antoni Gaudi

Students: Ivan Avila & Eric Martinez

6. Design methodologies Structural Sketch Models We are interested in exploring and developing the hanging chain structures influenced by Gaudi's funicular models. We want to explore the idea line to surface, and also how surfaces produce intersecting lines.

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ARCH 491: Studio 5A

Part 1 / Learning with the Hands

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Antoni Gaudi

Students: Ivan Avila & Eric Martinez

7. Physical Artifacts 7.1. Hanging Chains The purpose of these models was to reproduce Antonio Gaudi furnicular models.

Single Vault Study

Double Vault Study

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ARCH 491: Studio 5A

Part 1 / Learning with the Hands

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Antoni Gaudi

Students: Ivan Avila & Eric Martinez

7.2. Wool Yarn and Epoxy resin These model explore the furnicular with diferent materials.

Spiral Vault Study

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ARCH 491: Studio 5A

Part 1 / Learning with the Hands

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Antoni Gaudi

Students: Ivan Avila & Eric Martinez

Elongated Catenary Study

Elongateed Catenary Study

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ARCH 491: Studio 5A

Part 1 / Learning with the Hands

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Antoni Gaudi

Students: Ivan Avila & Eric Martinez

Manual Grid Study

Weaved Net Study

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Part 1 / Learning with the Hands

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Antoni Gaudi

Students: Ivan Avila & Eric Martinez

Organic Hybrid Net Study

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ARCH 491: Studio 5A

Part 1 / Learning with the Hands

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Antoni Gaudi

Students: Ivan Avila & Eric Martinez

Grid Weaving techniques

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ARCH 491: Studio 5A

Part 1 / Learning with the Hands

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Antoni Gaudi

Students: Ivan Avila & Eric Martinez

SML Grid Net Study

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ARCH 491: Studio 5A

Part 1 / Learning with the Hands

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Antoni Gaudi

Students: Ivan Avila & Eric Martinez

LMS Grid Net Study

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ARCH 491: Studio 5A

Part 1 / Learning with the Hands

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Antoni Gaudi

Students: Ivan Avila & Eric Martinez

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ARCH 491: Studio 5A

Part 1 / Learning with the Hands

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Antoni Gaudi

Students: Ivan Avila & Eric Martinez

7.3. Hybrid two step models These models aim to integrate two processes to create a hybrid structure Step 1.Wood sticks model wrapped in yarnd coated with epoxy resin.

Step 2.Drape PETG over, wood sticks model wrapped in yarnd coated with epoxy resin.

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ARCH 491: Studio 5A

Part 1 / Learning with the Hands

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Antoni Gaudi

Students: Ivan Avila & Eric Martinez

7.4. Process and explorations Focus in exploring different materials and weaving techniques to control form finding.

Resin test on nylon thread and elastic fabric.

Net weaving tools and net start.

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Subject: Antoni Gaudi

Students: Ivan Avila & Eric Martinez

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Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Antoni Gaudi

Students: Ivan Avila & Eric Martinez

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ARCH 491: Studio 5A

Part 2 / Digital Analysis / Exploration

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Antoni Gaudi

Students: Ivan Avila & Eric Martinez

8. Digital Iterations

Kangrids // catenary variations

First, develop a two dimensional grid a X a.

Second, apply unary forces simulation with grasshopper.

Third, adjust unary forces, grid stiffness, and number of anchor points.

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ARCH 491: Studio 5A

Part 2 / Digital Analysis / Exploration

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Antonio Gaudi

20 X 20

Pattern

CP 1

Students: Ivan Avila & Eric Martinez

UF: 24

UF: 24

UF: 24

SS: 996

SS: 2150

SS: 2150

AP: 4

AP: 4

AP: 5

UF: 1

UF: 6

UF: 6

SS: 5000

SS: 3000

SS: 1500

AP: 4

AP: 4

AP: 4

UF: 103

CP 2

UF: 1

SS: 5000

SS: 752

AP: 4

AP: 4

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Part 2 / Digital Analysis / Exploration

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Antonio Gaudi

CP V

Students: Ivan Avila & Eric Martinez

UF: 11 SS: 3000 AP: 4

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ARCH 491: Studio 5A

Part 2 / Digital Analysis / Exploration

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Antoni Gaudi

Students: Ivan Avila & Eric Martinez

Kangrids // weaving patterns

First, develop a two dimensional grid with increasing and decreasing grid cells.

Second, apply unary forces simulation with grasshopper.

Third, adjust unary forces, grid stiffness, number of anchor points, and density of the grid.

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ARCH 491: Studio 5A

Part 2 / Digital Analysis / Exploration

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Antonio Gaudi

LMSML 9S

LMSML 5S

LMSML cross

Students: Ivan Avila & Eric Martinez

UF: 5

LMSML 9S

UF: 5

SS: 4200

SS: 4200

AP: 4

AP: 8

UF: 5

LMSML 1S

UF: 5

SS: 4200

SS: 4200

AP: 4

AP: 4

UF: 5

LMSML cross

UF: 5

SS: 3400

SS: 3400

AP: 4

AP: 16

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Subject: Antonio Gaudi

SMLMS

Students: Ivan Avila & Eric Martinez

UF: 5

SMLMS D subdivision

SS: 4200 AP: 4

SMLMS D subdivision

SS: 4200 AP: 4

UF: 157

SMLMS D subdivision

SS: 5400 AP: 8

SMLMS D subdivision

UF: 5

UF: 157 SS: 5400 AP: 10

SMLMS 2D subdivision

UF: 700 SS: 3500

UF: 5 SS: 4200 AP: 4

AP: 10

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Part 2 / Digital Analysis / Exploration

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Antoni Gaudi

Students: Ivan Avila & Eric Martinez

Kangrids // atractor patterns

First, develop a two dimensional grid with scalar subdivision.

Second, apply unary forces simulation with grasshopper.

Third, adjust unary forces, grid stiffness, number of anchor points, and density of the grid.

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Subject: Antonio Gaudi

Hexa attractor

Scalar 2

Scalar 3

Students: Ivan Avila & Eric Martinez

UF: 40

Scalar 1

UF: 83

SS: 4300

SS: 444

AP: 17

AP: 4

UF: 132

Scalar 3

UF: 132

SS: 2775

SS: 4300

AP: 4

AP: 4

UF: 15 SS: 3500 AP: 4

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Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Antoni Gaudi

Students: Ivan Avila & Eric Martinez

Kangrids // variable stiffness

First, develop a two dimensional grid.

Second, apply unary forces simulation in grasshopper with variable stiffness.

Third, adjust unary forces, grid stiffness, and number of anchor points.

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Subject: Antonio Gaudi

20 X 20

LMSML 2

LMSML 4

Students: Ivan Avila & Eric Martinez

UF: 32

20 X 20

UF: 32

SS: 1080

SS: 1080

AP: 4

AP: 4

VS: 5000

VS: 5000

UF: 50

LMSML 3

UF: 50

SS: 1,250

SS: 1,500

VS: 4,500

VS: 5,000

RL: .50

RL: .50

LMSML 5

UF: 50

UF: 50

SS: 1,000

SS: 1,000

VS: 5,000

VS: 4,500

RL: .50

RL: .50 81

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ARCH 491: Studio 5A

Part 2 / Digital Analysis / Explorations

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Subject: Antonio Gaudi

LMSML cross 1

SMLMS 2

SMLMS 4

Students: Ivan Avila & Eric Martinez

SMLMS 1

UF: 100

UF: 10

SS: 750

SS: 1,400

VS: 3,500

AP: 1,000

UF: 10

SMLMS 3

UF: 25

SS: 1,400

SS: 1,500

AP: 1,000

AP: 2,250

UF: 50

SMLMS 5

UF: 100

SS: 1,000

SS: 750

AP: 2,500

AP: 3,000

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Part 2 / Digital Analysis / Exploration

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Antoni Gaudi

Students: Ivan Avila & Eric Martinez

Kangrids // recursive subdivision

First, develop a two dimensional grid with recursive subdivision patterns.

Second, apply unary forces simulation with grasshopper.

Third, adjust unary forces, grid stiffness, and number of anchor points.

Fourth, apply unary forces to first result.

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Part 2 / Digital Analysis / Explorations

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Antonio Gaudi

CP 3

20 X 20

Students: Ivan Avila & Eric Martinez

UF: 50

UF: 100

UF: 50

SS: 1,000

SS: 1,500

SS: 750

VS: 1,000

VS: 1,500

VS: 750

RL: 1

RL: .50

RL: .50

UF: 50

UF: 100

SS: 750

SS: 750

AP: 750

AP: 750

RL: 1

RL: .50

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ARCH 491: Studio 5A

Part 2 / Digital Analysis / Exploration

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Antoni Gaudi

Students: Ivan Avila & Eric Martinez

Kangrids // recursive subdivision

First, develop a two dimensional grid with recursive subdivision patterns.

Second, apply unary forces simulation with grasshopper.

Third, adjust unary forces, grid stiffness, and number of anchor points.

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ARCH 491: Studio 5A

Part 2 / Digital Analysis / Exploration

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Antonio Gaudi

RS 1

RS 3

Students: Ivan Avila & Eric Martinez

UF: 90

RS 2

UF:90

SS: 1394

SS: 1394

AP: 4

AP: 8

RS 4

UF: 70

UF: 90

SS: 1600

SS: 1394

AP: 4

AP: 4

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Part 2 / Digital Analysis / Exploration

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Antoni Gaudi

Students: Ivan Avila & Eric Martinez

Kangrids // rectangular catenary

First, develop a rectangular two dimensional grid a X 2a.

Second, apply unary forces simulation in grasshopper with variable stiffness.

Third, adjust unary forces, grid stiffness, and number of anchor points.

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ARCH 491: Studio 5A

Part 2 / Digital Analysis / Exploration

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Antonio Gaudi

Students: Ivan Avila & Eric Martinez

20 X 60

UF: 2 SS: 3500 AP: 4 No ext. edge

20 X 60

UF: 2 SS: 3500 AP: 4

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Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Antonio Gaudi

L 20 X 60

Y 20 X 60

Y 20 X 60

Students: Ivan Avila & Eric Martinez

L 20 X 60

UF: 75

UF: 50

SS: 4641

SS: 3500

AP: 6

AP: 6

Y 20 X 60

UF: 144

UF: 90

SS: 2929

SS: 2929

AP: 9

AP: 4

UF: 30 SS: 4600 AP: 9

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Part 2 / Digital Analysis / Exploration

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Antoni Gaudi

Students: Ivan Avila & Eric Martinez

Kangrids // irregular subdivision

First, develop a gradient two dimensional grid.

Second, apply unary forces simulation in grasshopper.

Third, adjust unary forces, grid stiffness, and number of anchor points.

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Part 2 / Digital Analysis / Explorations

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Antonio Gaudi

Gradient 1

Students: Ivan Avila & Eric Martinez

Title

Abstract 1

Title

UF: 36

UF: 24

SS: 1200

SS: 1300

AP: 4

AP: 15

Gradient 2

Title

Abstract 2

Title

UF: 12

UF: 20

SS: 1500

SS: 1500

AP: 19

AP: 18

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Part 2 / Digital Analysis / Exploration

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Antoni Gaudi

Students: Ivan Avila & Eric Martinez

Vaults

// catenary vaults

First, develop a two dimensional grid.

Second, apply gravity forces simulation in rhino vault.

Third, find neutral distribution of forces.

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Part 2 / Digital Analysis / Explorations

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Antonio Gaudi

Students: Ivan Avila & Eric Martinez

Concentric 1

Concentric 3

Concentric 2

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Subject: Antonio Gaudi

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Tilling 1

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Part 3 / Pavilion Proposal / Final Project

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Antonio Gaudi

Students: Ivan Avila & Eric Martinez

9. Method of Construction 9.1. Folded tabs connection

Full scale mock up

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Subject: Antonio Gaudi

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9.1. Bolted connection

Full scale mock up

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Part 3 / Pavilion Proposal / Final Project

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Antonio Gaudi

Students: Ivan Avila & Eric Martinez

10. Pavilion Proposal 10.1. Design Development Triangular grid optimization

Unary forces simulation with grasshopper within a 9' X 9' X 9' boundary.

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10.1. Construction Development

Phase 1

Phase 2

Phase 3

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Phase 1

Phase 2

Phase 3

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11. Polypropylene Pavilion 11.1. Tab Development

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Subject: Antonio Gaudi

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12. Wood Pavilion 12.1. Joinery Development

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