WOODBURY_2015F_ARCH_491 / Lewis & Giragosian by Yasushi Ishida

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Eric Giragosian & Samuel Lewis

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Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Pneumatics

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

1. Rafael Guastavino 1.1. Life in Spain Raphael Guastavino was born in Valencia Spain in 1842 into a family with a long history of hard working craftsman. He studied in Catalonia earning the title “Master of works” or “master builder”. Guastavino’s influences include but are not limited to, the Catalonian vaults, his uncle’s textile manufacturing plant, and an early job with the Inspector of Public Works in Valencia. He gained notoriety for his design of a Factory in Batllo Spain, where he spanned a factory floor with his signature vaulted designs. His practice was mostly in Barcelona until he made a sudden decision to leave, his home country for a new life in the United States.

Figure 1.1 A portrait of Rafael Guastivino Sr.

Figure 1.2 A patent Guastavino tile

Figure 1.3 A Guastavino tile vaulted ceiling

1.2. Arrival in the U.S. Ironically, Rafael Guastavino the Spanish immigrant was commissioned to design the vault of the central intake building on Ellis Island, the first building immigrants would see upon entering the United States. The building’s design was intended to inspire awe.

Figure 1.4 Interior of Ellis Island showcasing the Guastavino tile vault [images © Guastavino/Collins Collection at Avery Library, Columbia University]

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Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Pneumatics

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

2. Tile Vaulting 2.1. History of the Tile Vault The Traditional Arch vault is built using formwork for structural support during construction and leaves a circular shaped curve. This technique also requires a much thicker brick to ensure stability. As shown below, the Guastavino style leaves a much thinner sectional thickness. The implementation of different tiling patterns not only gave a new strength to the Guastavino vaults, but also gave a beautiful custom mosaic pattern to be boasted in the interior of the building.

Figure 2.1 Diagram comparing traditional brick vault and the tile vault

Figure 2.2 Variation of Guastavino tile Paterrning

Figure 2.3 Diagram comparing traditional brick vault [images ÂŠ Guastavino/Collins Collection at Avery Library, Columbia University]

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Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Pneumatics

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

3. Major Projects 3.1. Boston Public Library A tumultuous domestic life led to Guastavino immigrating to the United States in 1881. His works in the States were inumerable and began with the Boston Public Library. The search for safe practices in construction techniques eventually led to his style being obsolete served as an avenue to gain attention in the states. This growing concern for safety allowed Guastavino to take advantage of his masonry vaults to emphasize the resistance to damage due to fire.

Figure 3.1 Diagram indicating the locations of Guastavino Vaults in NYC

[images © Guastavino Bienalle]

Figure 3.2 Guastavino standing on an arch of the Boston Public Library in construction [image © Guastavino/Collins Collection at Avery Library, Columbia University]

Figure 3.3 Interior vaulted ceiling of the Boston Public Library [image © Michael Freeman]

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Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Pneumatics

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

Figure 3.4 Diagram illustration how to layer guastavino tile [image ÂŠ Guastavino/Collins Collection at Avery Library, Columbia University]

Figure 3.6 Detail of Guastavino tile vault

Figure 3.5 Detail of Guastavino tile vault

Figure 3.7 Detail of Guastavino tile vault

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Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Pneumatics

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

3.2. The Oyster Bar Another great work of Guastavino is the subterranean Oyster Bar in Grand Central Station, in New York City. This example of his vaulting ceiling structure proved itself by withstanding a kitchen fire that occurred in 1997. The fire merely damaged a small number of tiles and did not degrade the vaults structurally. The restaurant reopened shortly after cleaning the destroyed interior.

Figure 3.8 Interior of the Oyster Bar [image ÂŠ Michael Freeman]

3.3. Queensboro Bridge Arcade A notable achievement of Guastavino was the collaboration with American Architect, Henry Hornbostel, where he designed the vaulting arcade to host a lively market beneath the approach to the Queensboro Bridge. This explosive celebration of form proves to bring life and attract business to the Bridgemarket.

Figure 3.9 Queensboro Bridge Arcade

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[image ÂŠ Michael Freeman]

ARCH 491: Studio 5A

Part 1 / Assignment 1: Form Finding Experiment

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Pneumatics

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

3.4. Subway Station NYC The City Hall Subway Station in NYC is the end of what used to be New York’s first subway line. In the space, Guastavino uses repeating arches, domes and skylights to make the design of the station as inviting as possible. The station was the first project to utilize custom tiles made from the Guastavino Tile Company.

Figure 3.10 NYC City Hall Subway Station

[image © Michael Freeman]

3.5. St. John the Divine Cathedral During construction Guastavino convinced the architects that he could build the dome the architects want under budget and in a short amount of time. Using Guastavino tiling, the dome was constructed in only 14 weeks. The shell itself is only 4 inches thick yet spans over 120 feet.

Figure 3.11 St. John Catherdral under construction

Figure 3.12 St. John Catherdral under construction [images © Guastavino/Collins Collection at Avery Library, Columbia University]

Figure 3.13 Interior of St. Johns Cathedral [image © St. John the Divine Cathedral]

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Subject: Pneumatics

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

Figure 4.1 Generic Detail of a Guastavino Dome [image ÂŠ Guastavino/Collins Collection at Avery Library, Columbia University]

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Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Pneumatics

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

4. Innovation 4.1. Patents In its lifetime, the Cuastavino Tile Company obtained 24 patents. The patents include designs for fireproof cohesive construction, stairs utilizing the catalan vault as structure, specialized tiles, and even a kiln to make guastavino tiles.

Figure 4.2 Patent Drawings of the Guastavino Tile Co. [images ÂŠ Guastavino/Collins Collection at Avery Library, Columbia University]

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Subject: Pneumatics

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

4.2. Staircases Though smaller in scale than the large domes, Guastavino spiral vaulted staircases present an additional category of structural achievement. The main staircase of Baker Hall at Carnegie Mellon University is constructed with a 4-inch thick shell of masonry spiraling in three dimensions. The load-bearing masonry structure is made of ceramic tiles and does not contain reinforcing steel. Calculating the ultimate load capacity of the structure is extremely difficult even today. The Guastavino Company conducted many successful load tests, and the survival of the stair for the last century is proof of its adequate load capacity.

Figure 4.3 Staircase in Baker Hall at Carnegie Mellon University [image © Michael Freeman]

Figure 4.2 Spiral staircase in St. John Cathedral [image © Michael Freeman]

Figure 4.4 Diagram of Guastavino vaulted.staircase [image © Guastavino/Collins Collection at Avery Library, Columbia University]

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Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Pneumatics

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

5. Legacy 5.1. Research & Student Work Today the influence of Guastavino still permeates in the design and construction world. Researchers and students are finding new ways to push the limits of guastavino tiling. Using digital design tools like Rhino and Grasshopper, designers today have the ability to design, build, and test vaults not even Guastavino could dream of. Teams like the Block Research Group are on the forefront of the resurgence of guastavino tile design.

Figure 5.1 Model of a BRG project [images ÂŠ Block Research Group, Institute of Technology in Architecture, ETH Zurich, Switzerland]

Figure 5.2 Force diagram. of a BDR project

Figure 5.3 A vaulted tile installation by BDR

Figure 5.4 Diagram of Support structure used by BDR

Figure 5.5 Vaulted tile installation by BDR

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Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Pneumatics

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

1. Pneumatic Shell Structures 1.1. Historical Precedents: Frei Otto To begin our investigation into pneumatic systems we looked to Frei Ottoâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s own investigation with these systems. Looking through the trove of models and imagery we found that Otto utilized two techniques to deform the surfaces the inflations created. Otto deformed these surface by creating dimples and creases to design the shell as well as to increase efficinecies with in the structure.

Figure 1.1 A portrait of Rafael Guastivino Sr.

Figure 1.2 A patent Guastavino tile

Figure 1.3 A Guastavino tile vaulted ceiling

1.2. Arrival in the U.S.

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Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Pneumatics

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

2. Pneumatic Form Finding: Restrained Inflation 2.1. Restrained Inflated Spheres

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Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Pneumatics

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

3. Framed Inflation 3.1. Square Frame + Latex

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Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

3.2. Diamond Cutout + Latex

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Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Pneumatics

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

3.3. Bubble Cutout + Latex

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Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Pneumatics

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

3.4. Hexagonal Cutout + Latex

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Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Pneumatics

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

4. Framed Inflation with Dimples 4.1. Square Frame + Dimples

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Subject: Pneumatics

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

4.2. Bubble Frame + Dimples

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Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Pneumatics

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

4.3. Tessalating Pentagonal Frame + Scaling Dimples

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5. Framed Inflation with Creases 5.1. Rectilinear Frame + Creases

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Subject: Pneumatics

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

6. Dueling Inflation 6.1. Double sided Square Frame + Dimples

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Subject: Pneumatics

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

7. Capturing Pneumatic Form 7.1. Casting Technique + Mixture

+ 1 part

= 1 part

2 parts

= 1 part

7.2. Casting Technique + Bladder System

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Subject: Pneumatics

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

7.3. Casting Technique + Back pressure

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Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Pneumatics

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

8. Solid Mass 8.1. First Solid Plaster Cast

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Subject: Pneumatics

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

8.2. Symmetrical Dimple Plaster Cast

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Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Pneumatics

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

8.3. Asymmetrical Dimple Plaster Cast

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Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Pneumatics

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

9. Vacuum-Formed Shell 9.1. Asymmetrical Dimple Shell

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Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Pneumatics

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

9.2. Symmetrical Dimple Shell

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Part 1 / Assignment 2: Form Finding Experiment

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Pneumatics

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

10. Slip-Casting 10.1. Plaster Negative of Symmetrical Dimple Shell

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Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Pneumatics

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

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ARCH 491: Studio 5A

Part 2: Digital Analysis / Exploration

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Pneumatics + RhinoVault

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

1. Physical Form Finding We began our investigation into pneumatic systems looking into to Frei Ottoâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s own investigation with these systems. Looking through the trove of models and imagery we found that Otto utilized two techniques to deform the surfaces the inflations created. Otto deformed these surface by creating dimples and creases to design the shell as well as to increase efficinecies with in the structure.

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Part 2: Digital Analysis / Exploration

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Pneumatics + RhinoVault

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

2. Digital Form Finding To simulate our inflated forms we took advantage of Kangaroos physics parameters. The definition requires a mesh and anchor points to inflate the surfaces. The definition utilizes sliders to change pressure level and surface tension.

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Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Pneumatics + RhinoVault

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

2.1. Inflated Frames

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Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Pneumatics + RhinoVault

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

2.2. Inflated Frames + Dimples

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Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Pneumatics + RhinoVault

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

2.2. Inflated Frames + Dimples

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Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Pneumatics + RhinoVault

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

2.3. Inflated Tesselation frame + Varying Dimples

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Part 2: Digital Analysis / Exploration

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Pneumatics + RhinoVault

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

2.4. Folded Inflated Frame + Polygonal Dimples

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Part 2: Digital Analysis / Exploration

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Pneumatics + RhinoVault

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

2.5. Restrained Inflated Frames

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Part 2: Digital Analysis / Exploration

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Pneumatics + RhinoVault

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

2.6. Inflated Three Dimensional Form

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Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Pneumatics + RhinoVault

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

2.7. Comparing Physical and Digital Forms To verify the accuracy of our inflation script we digitally scanned with 123D Catch, a plaster casting of one of our analog studies. The results seen above illustrate that there are certain discrepancies between the forms. The most noticable difference comes with the center of the digitally inflated form being considerably taller than its physical counterpart.

1. Digital Inflation

2. Scanned Plaster Casting

3. Digital vs. Physical

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Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

ARCH 491: Studio 5A

Part 2: Digital Analysis / Exploration

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Pneumatics + RhinoVault

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

3. Funicular Form Finding w/ RhinoVault 3.1. Rhino vault Process

1. Base Surface

2. Generated Form Diagram

3. Generated Force Diagram

4. Relaxed Form Diagram

5. Relaxed Force Diagram

6. Resulting Vault

7. Force Analysis 211

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Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Pneumatics + RhinoVault

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

3.2. Modifing Form Diagrams

1. Base Surface

2. Generated Form Diagram

3. Generated Force Diagram

4. Modified Form Diagram

5. Modified Force Diagram

6. Resulting Modified Vault

7. Force Analysis 212

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Subject: Pneumatics + RhinoVault

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

3.3. Vault 1

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Subject: Pneumatics + RhinoVault

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

3.4. Vault 2

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Subject: Pneumatics + RhinoVault

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

3.5. Vault 3

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Subject: Pneumatics + RhinoVault

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

3.6. Vault 4

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Subject: Pneumatics + RhinoVault

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

3.7. Vault 5 w/ Variations

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Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Pneumatics + RhinoVault

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

4. Vossiour Tilling on Funicular Forms 4.1. Designing Vaulted Forms with Inflated Tiles

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Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Pneumatics + RhinoVault

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

4.2. Extracting Quads from Triangular Meshes #The RhinoVault plug-in extends RhinoScript/IronPython with new objects #and methods to permit users to create elaborate scripts for this plug-in. #The following examples show how to call these RhinoVault-specific methods. import Rhino import rhinoscriptsyntax as rs RhinoVault = Rhino.RhinoApp.GetPlugInObject(“RhinoVault_Solver”) “””This module ... .. Copyright 2014 BLOCK Research Group Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the “License”); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at `http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0`_

“””

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an “AS IS” BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.

__author__ = [‘Matthias Rippmann’,] __copyright__ = ‘Copyright 2014, BLOCK Research Group - ETH Zurich’ __license__ = ‘Apache License, Version 2.0’ __version__ = ‘0.1’ __email__ = ‘rippmann@arch.ethz.ch’ __status__ = ‘Development’ __date__ = ‘Dec 18, 2014’ __contact__ = “””ETH Zurich, Institute for Technology in Architecture, BLOCK Research Group, Stefano-Franscini-Platz 5, HIL H 47, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland “”” #This python script component collects data using the PlugInObject “RhinoVault_ Solver”. RhinoVault = Rhino.RhinoApp.GetPlugInObject(“RhinoVault_Solver”) rs.EnableRedraw(False) #Vault Coordinates vault_coords = list(RhinoVault.get_vault_coords()) counter1 = 0 for pt in vault_coords: # rs.AddSphere(pt,0.1) # rs.AddTextDot(counter1,pt) counter1 += 1

#------------------------------------------------#Form Edge Adjacent Nodes #form_edge_adj_nodes = list(RhinoVault.get_form_edges_adjacent_nodes()) #for edge_indices in form_edge_adj_nodes: # line = rs.AddLine(vault_coords[edge_indices[0]],vault_coords[edge_indices[1]]) # rs.AddPipe(line,0,0.05) #------------------------------------------------#Face Barycenters faces_barycenter = list(RhinoVault.get_faces_barycenter()) counter2 = 0 #rs.AddPoints(faces_barycenter) for pt in faces_barycenter: # td = rs.AddTextDot(counter2,pt) # rs.ObjectColor(td,[255,0,0]) counter2 += 1 faces_nodes = list(RhinoVault.get_form_faces_adjacent_nodes()) counterz = 0 for zzz in faces_nodes: #pline = rs.AddPolyline(vault_coords[zzz]) print(zzz) newList = [] for z in zzz: print(z) newList.append(vault_coords[z]) rs.AddSrfPt(newList) # print(zzz[1]) # print(vault_coords[counterz]) counterz += 1 # line = rs.AddLine(vault_coords[zzz[0]],vault_coords[zzz[1]]) # rs.AddPolyline([vault_coords[zzz[0]],vault_coords[zzz[1]],vault_coords[zzz[2]]]) # newList = [] # for pt1 in vault_coords[zzz]: # newList.append(pt1) # rs.AddPolyline(newList) #for j in range(len(faces_nodes)): # print(faces_nodes[j]) # rs.AddPolyline(vault_coords(faces_nodes[j])) #------------------------------------------------#Face Normals form_faces_normal = list(RhinoVault.get_form_faces_normal()) for i in range(len(form_faces_normal)): rs.AddLine(faces_barycenter[i],rs.AddPoint(rs.VectorAdd(faces_barycenter[i],form_ faces_normal[i]))) #------------------------------------------------rs.EnableRedraw(True) “”” All available API functions:

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Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Pneumatics + RhinoVault

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

4.3. Force Flow

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Part 3: Design & Installation

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Pneumatics + Stereotomy

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

1. Designing with RhinoVault 1.0. Workflow Continuing our investigation of vaulting shell structures and pneumatics, the next phase of this project focused on refining the toolset we created in Part 2 in order to design architectural spaces. The diagram below lays out the workflow we implemented to achieve the final project. Through the course of this phase we designed vaulted shell structures, rationalized the vault through panelization, and created stereotomic bricks to construct a self supporting shell. Digital Design

Fabrication

Assembly

Vault

Stereotomic Bricks

Proof of Concept To 3D Printer

Site

MDF Framework To CNC Mill

Digital Inflation

Vault

Foam Relief

Cast Site in Hydrocal

3D print Individual bricks

Final Model

To CNC Mill

Stereotomic Panelization

Inflation To 3D Printer

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Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Pneumatics + Stereotomy

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

1.1. Panelizing Vaults Following the work of the Block Research Group, we looked to design vaulted shells through RhinoVault. We began by designing a relativley simple vault to rationalize through Grasshopper. The diagrams below illustrate this process. The original vault is created and then simplified into a single surface. Through the use of several grasshopper scripts we we able to panelize the shell with a hex pattern as well as planarize the panels. Remembering that we had to take into account construction cost and time we decided to limit the amount of panels that comprise the vault.

Fig. 1: Initial Vault

Fig. 2: Polysurface Vault

Fig. 3: Single Surface Vault

Fig. 4: Dense Hex Panel

Fig. 5: Sparse Hex Panel 222

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Part 3: Design & Installation

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Pneumatics + Stereotomy

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

1.2. Complex Vaults

Fig. 1: Complex Vault 1

Fig. 2: Complex Vault 2

Fig. 3: Planar Hex Script

Fig. 4: Stereotomic Brick Vault 223

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Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Pneumatics + Stereotomy

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

1.3. Proof of Concept Realizing that our intention to planarize a more complex vault would not work, we decided to move forward anyway to test our construction concept. We chose five bricks to fabricate utilizing the panelized vault that did succeed. The first idea we tested took the beveled faces and cut them out with a laser cutter and reassemble them into their intended shapes. The ribs were held together by wafers to keep the correct angles of the hexagons as well as provide structual support. Unfortunatly this fabrication technique did not work.

This failure led us to revaulate our fabrication method. The method we decided to move forward with was to construct solid forms. This isnt the most material efficient method however it does directly call back to the stereotomic bricks used in Baroque architecture.

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Subject: Pneumatics + Stereotomy

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

1.4. Stereotomy Stereotomy is the set of geometrical knowledge and techniques of drawing and cutting the blocks of stone and their assembly into complex structures. Stereotomy represents an alternative to building techniques based on the use of small pieces of stone or brick, which make up the complex geometry structures and sometimes due to its small size and joints.

Fig. 1: Extruded Brick

Fig. 2: Stereotomic Brick

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Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Pneumatics + Stereotomy

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

1.5. Proof of Concept Model

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Part 3: Design & Installation

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Pneumatics + Stereotomy

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

Fabrication

Assembly

Vault

Stereotomic Bricks

Proof of Concept To 3D Printer

Site

MDF Framework To CNC Mill

Digital Inflation

Vault

Foam Relief

Cast Site in Hydrocal

3D print Individual bricks

Final Model

To CNC Mill

Stereotomic Panelization

Inflation To 3D Printer

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Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Pneumatics + Stereotomy

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

2. Site 2.0. Site Generation

Fig. 1: Inflation Script

Fig. 2: Wave Field by Maya Lynn

Fig. 3: Final Site 228

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Part 3: Design & Installation

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Pneumatics + Stereotomy

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

3. Vault 3.0. Grasshopper Script

Fig. 1: Script of Final Scheme

Fig. 2: Rendering of Final Scheme

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Subject: Pneumatics + Stereotomy

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3.1. Vault Design

Fig. 1: Initial Surface

Fig. 2: Hex Pattern

Fig. 3: Anchor Points 230

ARCH 491: Studio 5A

Part 3: Design & Installation

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Pneumatics + Stereotomy

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

3.2. Vault Rationalization

Fig. 4: Vaulted Hex Pattern

Fig. 5: Individualized Hex Meshes

Fig. 6: Stereotomic Panels 231

ARCH 491: Studio 5A

Part 3: Design & Installation

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Pneumatics + Stereotomy

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

3.3. Vault Surface Inflation

Fig. 7: Force Stress Diagram

Fig. 8: Dimples Arrayed on Panels

Fig. 9: Inflated Panels 232

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Part 3: Design & Installation

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Pneumatics + Stereotomy

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

3.4. Voussoirs and Surface Normals

233

ARCH 491: Studio 5A

Part 3: Design & Installation

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Pneumatics + Stereotomy

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

Fabrication

Assembly

Vault

Stereotomic Bricks

Proof of Concept To 3D Printer

Site

MDF Framework To CNC Mill

Digital Inflation

Vault

Foam Relief

Cast Site in Hydrocal

3D print Individual bricks

Final Model

To CNC Mill

Stereotomic Panelization

Inflation To 3D Printer

234

ARCH 491: Studio 5A

Part 3: Design & Installation

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Pneumatics + Stereotomy

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

4. Model Fabrication 4.0. Tile Organization

Fig. 1: Completed Vault

Fig. 2: Segmented Vault 235

ARCH 491: Studio 5A

Part 3: Design & Installation

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Pneumatics + Stereotomy

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

4.1. Tile Organization A

236

ARCH 491: Studio 5A

Part 3: Design & Installation

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Pneumatics + Stereotomy

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

4.2. Vault Assembly

237

ARCH 491: Studio 5A

Part 3: Design & Installation

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Pneumatics + Stereotomy

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

4.3. Site Fabrication

Fig. 1: Diagram of Formwork for Site 238

ARCH 491: Studio 5A

Part 3: Design & Installation

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Pneumatics + Stereotomy

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

4.3. Failed Cast

Fig. 1: Failed Site Model

Fig. 2: Digital Site 239

ARCH 491: Studio 5A

Part 3: Design & Installation

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Pneumatics + Stereotomy

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

4.3. Successful Cast & Final Model

Fig. 1: Successful Site Model

Fig. 2: Final Model 240

ARCH 491: Studio 5A

Part 3: Design & Installation

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Pneumatics + Stereotomy

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

Fabrication

Assembly

Vault

Stereotomic Bricks

Proof of Concept To 3D Printer

Site

MDF Framework To CNC Mill

Digital Inflation

Vault

Foam Relief

Cast Site in Hydrocal

3D print Individual bricks

Final Model

To CNC Mill

Stereotomic Panelization

Inflation To 3D Printer

241

ARCH 491: Studio 5A

Part 3: Design & Installation

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Pneumatics + Stereotomy

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

5. Possible Uses 5.0. Renderings

242

ARCH 491: Studio 5A

Part 3: Design & Installation

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Pneumatics + Stereotomy

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

5.1. Renderings

243

ARCH 491: Studio 5A

Part 3: Design & Installation

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Pneumatics + Stereotomy

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

5.2. Final Model Photos

244

ARCH 491: Studio 5A

Part 3: Design & Installation

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Pneumatics + Stereotomy

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

5.3. Final Model Photos

245

ARCH 491: Studio 5A

Part 3: Design & Installation

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Pneumatics + Stereotomy

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

5.4. Final Model Photos

246

ARCH 491: Studio 5A

Part 3: Design & Installation

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Pneumatics + Stereotomy

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

5.5. Final Model Photos

247

ARCH 491: Studio 5A

Part 3: Design & Installation

Instructor: Yasushi Ishida

Subject: Pneumatics + Stereotomy

Students: Samuel Lewis & Eric Giragosian

5.6. Rendering

248

249